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Nakazawa H, Onodera-Sugano T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka Y, Hattori T, Niide T, Ogata H, Asano R, Kumagai I, Umetsu M. Association behavior and control of the quality of cancer therapeutic bispecific diabodies expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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2
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Fu MP, Guo ZL, Tang HL, Zhu HF, Shen GX, He Y, Lei P. Selection for Anti-transferrin Receptor Bispecific T-cell Engager in Different Molecular Formats. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:28-34. [PMID: 32166662 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Selecting an ideal molecular format from diverse structures is a major challenge in developing a bispecific antibody (BsAb). To choose an ideal format of anti-CD3 × anti-transferrin receptor (TfR) bispecific antibodies for clinical application, we constructed TfR bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) in two extensively applied formats, including single-chain tandem single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) and double-chain diabodies, and evaluated their functional characterizations in vitro. Results demonstrated that TfR-BiTE in both formats directed potent killing of TfR+ HepG2 cells. However, compared to two-chain diabodies, scFvs were more efficient in antigen binding and TfR+ target killing. Furthermore, different domain orders in scFvs would also be evaluated because single-TfR-CD3-His was preferable to single-CD3-TfR-His in immunotherapeutic strategies. Thus, the single-chain tandem TfR-CD3 format was favored for further investigation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Peng Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zi-Long Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Ling Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Fen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guan-Xin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Crystal structures of mono- and bi-specific diabodies and reduction of their structural flexibility by introduction of disulfide bridges at the Fv interface. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34515. [PMID: 27682821 PMCID: PMC5041106 DOI: 10.1038/srep34515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Building a sophisticated protein nano-assembly requires a method for linking protein components in a predictable and stable structure. Diabodies are engineered antibody fragments that are composed of two Fv domains connected by short peptide linkers. They are attractive candidates for mediators in assembling protein nano-structures because they can simultaneously bind to two different proteins and are rigid enough to be crystallized. However, comparison of previous crystal structures demonstrates that there is substantial structural diversity in the Fv interface region of diabodies and, therefore, reliable prediction of its structure is not trivial. Here, we present the crystal structures of ten mono- and bi-specific diabodies. We found that changing an arginine residue in the Fv interface to threonine greatly reduced the structural diversity of diabodies. We also found that one of the bispecific diabodies underwent an unexpected process of chain swapping yielding a non-functional monospecific diabody. In order to further reduce structural flexibility and prevent chain shuffling, we introduced disulfide bridges in the Fv interface regions. The disulfide-bridged diabodies have rigid and predictable structures and may have applications in crystallizing proteins, analyzing cryo-electron microscopic images and building protein nano-assemblies.
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4
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Karim-Silva S, Moura JD, Noiray M, Minozzo JC, Aubrey N, Alvarenga LM, Billiald P. Generation of recombinant antibody fragments with toxin-neutralizing potential in loxoscelism. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Compte M, Alvarez-Cienfuegos A, Nuñez-Prado N, Sainz-Pastor N, Blanco-Toribio A, Pescador N, Sanz L, Alvarez-Vallina L. Functional comparison of single-chain and two-chain anti-CD3-based bispecific antibodies in gene immunotherapy applications. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28810. [PMID: 25057445 PMCID: PMC4091452 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy to achieve in vivo secretion of recombinant anti-CD3 x anti-tumor bispecific antibodies in cancer patients is being explored as a strategy to counterbalance rapid renal elimination, thereby sustaining levels of bispecific antibodies in the therapeutic range. Here, we performed a comparative analysis between single- and two-chain configurations for anti-CD3 x anti-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) bispecific antibodies secreted by genetically-modified human cells. We demonstrate that tandem single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies and two-chain diabodies are expressed as soluble secreted proteins with similar yields. However, we found significant differences in their biological functionality (i.e., antigen binding) and in their ability to induce non-specific T cell activation. Whereas single-chain tandem scFvs induced human T cell activation and proliferation in an antigen-independent manner, secreted two-chain diabodies exerted almost no proliferative stimulus when human T cells were cultured alone or in co-cultures with CEA negative cells. Thus, our data suggest that two-chain diabodies are preferable to single-chain tandem scFvs for immunotherapeutic strategies comprising in vivo secretion of bispecific antibodies aiming to recruit and activate anticancer specific lymphocytic effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Nuñez-Prado
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Sainz-Pastor
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Blanco-Toribio
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Pescador
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid, Spain ; BCE Protein Engineering; Department of Engineering; Aarhus University; Aarhus, Denmark
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6
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Ayat H, Burrone OR, Sadghizadeh M, Jahanzad E, Rastgou N, Moghadasi S, Arbabi M. Isolation of scFv antibody fragments against HER2 and CEA tumor antigens from combinatorial antibody libraries derived from cancer patients. Biologicals 2013; 41:345-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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7
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Quintero-Hernández V, Del Pozo-Yauner L, Pedraza-Escalona M, Juárez-González VR, Alcántara-Recillas I, Possani LD, Becerril B. Evaluation of three different formats of a neutralizing single chain human antibody against toxin Cn2: neutralization capacity versus thermodynamic stability. Immunol Lett 2012; 143:152-60. [PMID: 22306104 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) 6009F, obtained by directed evolution, neutralizes the effects of the Cn2 toxin, which is the major toxic component of Centruroides noxius scorpion venom. In this work we compared the neutralization capacity and the thermodynamic stability of scFv 6009F with those of two other derived formats: Fab 6009F and diabody 6009F. Additionally, the affinity constants to Cn2 toxin of the three recombinant antibody fragments were determined by means of BIAcore. We found a correlation between the thermodynamic stability of these antibody fragments with their neutralization capacity. The order of thermodynamic stability determined was Fab≫scFv>diabody. The Fab and scFv were capable of neutralizing the toxic effects of Cn2 and whole venom but the diabody was unable to fully neutralize intoxication. In silico analysis of the diabody format indicates that the reduction of stability and neutralization capacity could be explained by a less cooperative interface between the heavy and the light variable domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Quintero-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico
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Wall JS, Richey T, Stuckey A, Donnell R, Oosterhof A, van Kuppevelt TH, Smits NC, Kennel SJ. SPECT imaging of peripheral amyloid in mice by targeting hyper-sulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycans with specific scFv antibodies. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 39:65-75. [PMID: 21958847 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyloid deposits are associated with a broad spectrum of disorders including monoclonal gammopathies, chronic inflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. In all cases, the amyloid pathology contains, in addition to protein fibrils, a plethora of associated molecules, including high concentrations of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). METHODS We have evaluated radioiodinated scFvs that bind HS for their ability to image amyloid deposits in vivo. scFv's with different binding characteristics were isolated by phage display using HS extracted from bovine kidney or mouse and human skeletal muscle glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Following purification and radioiodination, the biodistribution of (125)I-scFv's was assessed in mice with inflammation-associated AA amyloidosis or in amyloid-free mice by using SPECT imaging, biodistribution measurements and tissue autoradiography. RESULTS Four different scFv's all showed binding in vivo to amyloid in the spleen, liver and kidney of diseased mice; however, three of the scFv's also bound to sites within these organs in disease free mice. One scFv specific for hypersulfated HSPGs preferentially bound amyloid and did not accumulate in healthy tissues. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that HS expressed in amyloid deposits has unique qualities that can be distinguished from HS in normal tissues. A scFv specific for rare hypersulfated HS was used to selectively image AA amyloid in mice with minimal retention in normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA.
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Igawa T, Tsunoda H, Kikuchi Y, Yoshida M, Tanaka M, Koga A, Sekimori Y, Orita T, Aso Y, Hattori K, Tsuchiya M. VH/VL interface engineering to promote selective expression and inhibit conformational isomerization of thrombopoietin receptor agonist single-chain diabody. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:667-77. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Leyton JV, Olafsen T, Sherman MA, Bauer KB, Aghajanian P, Reiter RE, Wu AM. Engineered humanized diabodies for microPET imaging of prostate stem cell antigen-expressing tumors. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 22:209-16. [PMID: 18957406 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated preclinical in vivo targeting of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) using a humanized anti-PSCA 2B3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). However, humanization resulted in 5-fold loss of apparent affinity relative to the parental mAb (1 nM). In this study, diabodies (scFv dimers of 55 kDa) were generated from 2B3 including variants with different linker lengths as well as back-mutations to original murine residues to improve affinity. Parental 2B3 (p2B3) and back-mutated 2B3 (bm2B3) diabodies (Dbs) with five- or eight-amino acid linkers (p2B3-Db5, p2B3-Db8, bm2B3-Db5 and bm2B3-Db8) were evaluated for binding to PSCA by flow cytometry and affinities were determined by surface plasmon resonance. Back-mutation restored the affinity from 5.4 to 1.9 nM. Stability, evaluated by size exclusion, revealed that diabodies with eight-residue linkers existed as a mixture of dimeric and monomeric species at low concentrations (<or =1 mg/ml). Shortening the linker from eight to five residues improved dimer stability, notably in the bm2B3-Db8 compared with bm2B3-Db5. Both p2B3-Db8 and bm2B3-Db8 were radioiodinated with (124)I and evaluated by serial micro-positron emission tomography imaging in mice bearing LAPC-9 human prostate cancer xenografts. Localization in LAPC-9 xenografts was seen at 4 h, whereas at 20 h most of the activity had cleared from the tumor. Highest tumor-to-background contrast ratios and best images were obtained at 12 h. Although the higher affinity bm2B3-Db8 demonstrated improved tumor retention at later time points (20 h), it did not improve tumor targeting or imaging compared with p2B3-Db8 at 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Leyton
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Kelly MP, Lee FT, Tahtis K, Power BE, Smyth FE, Brechbiel MW, Hudson PJ, Scott AM. Tumor targeting by a multivalent single-chain Fv (scFv) anti-Lewis Y antibody construct. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2008; 23:411-23. [PMID: 18771345 PMCID: PMC2663784 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2007.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) constructs has been investigated in cancer radioimmunotherapy (RIT) and radioimmunodetection, as these molecules permit rapid tumor penetration and clearance from the serum relative to whole IgG. Multimerization of scFv constructs has demonstrated improvements in functional affinity (i.e., avidity) and maximal tumor uptake. In this paper, we report the first biodistribution and pharmacokinetics studies of a noncovalent, direct-linked scFv (V(L)-0-V(H)) trimeric/tetrameric "multimer" of the anti-Lewis Y monoclonal antibody, hu3S193. The in vitro binding and in vivo biodistribution of the hu3S193 multimer was characterized alongside the hu3S193 F(ab')(2) following radiolabeling with the Indium-111 ((111)In) radioisotope. Immunoreactivities of the radiolabeled multimer and F(ab')(2) were 73% and 53.2%, and binding affinities (K(a)) were 1.58 x 10(7) M(1) and 4.31 x 10(6) M (1) for the multimer and F(ab')(2), respectively. Maximal tumor uptake in Le(y)-positive MCF-7 breast cancer xenografted BALB/c nude mice was 12.6 +/- 2.5 percent injected dose/per gram (%ID/g) at 6 hours postinjection for the multimer and 15.7 +/- 2.1 %ID/g at 24 hours postinjection for the F(ab')(2). However, limited in vitro stability and high renal localization of radiolabeled constructs were observed, which, despite the observed tumor targeting of the hu3S193 multimer, most likely preclude its use in RIT and imaging modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Area Under Curve
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Gel
- Drug Stability
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/blood
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacokinetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/metabolism
- Indium Radioisotopes
- Lewis Blood Group Antigens/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnostic imaging
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Tissue Distribution
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus P. Kelly
- Tumour Targeting Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - F.-T. Lee
- Tumour Targeting Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kiki Tahtis
- Tumour Targeting Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara E. Power
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona E. Smyth
- Tumour Targeting Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Tumour Targeting Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Peterson EC, Laurenzana EM, Atchley WT, Hendrickson HP, Owens SM. Development and preclinical testing of a high-affinity single-chain antibody against (+)-methamphetamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:124-33. [PMID: 18192498 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.134395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic or excessive (+)-methamphetamine (METH) use often leads to addiction and toxicity to critical organs like the brain. With medical treatment as a goal, a novel single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against METH was engineered from anti-METH monoclonal antibody mAb6H4 (IgG, kappa light chain, K(d) = 11 nM) and found to have similar ligand affinity (K(d) = 10 nM) and specificity as mAb6H4. The anti-METH scFv (scFv6H4) was cloned, expressed in yeast, purified, and formulated as a naturally occurring mixture of monomer ( approximately 75%) and dimer ( approximately 25%). To test the in vivo efficacy of the scFv6H4, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5) were implanted with 3-day s.c. osmotic pumps delivering 3.2 mg/kg/day METH. After reaching steady-state METH concentrations, an i.v. dose of scFv6H4 (36.5 mg/kg, equimolar to the METH body burden) was administered along with a [(3)H]scFv6H4 tracer. Serum pharmacokinetic analysis of METH and [(3)H]scFv6H4 showed that the scFv6H4 caused an immediate 65-fold increase in the METH concentrations and a 12-fold increase in the serum METH area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 480 min after scFv6H4 administration. The scFv6H4 monomer was quickly cleared or converted to multivalent forms with an apparent t(1/2lambdaz) of 5.8 min. In contrast, the larger scFv6H4 multivalent forms (dimers, trimers, etc.) showed a much longer t(1/2lambdaz) (228 min), and the significantly increased METH serum molar concentrations correlated directly with scFv6H4 serum molar concentrations. Considered together, these data suggested that the scFv6H4 multimers (and not the monomer) were responsible for the prolonged redistribution of METH into the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, #611, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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13
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Sheikholvaezin A, Eriksson D, Ahlström KR, Johansson L, Stigbrand T. Tumor radioimmunolocalization in nude mice by mono- and divalent- single-chain Fv antiplacental alkaline phosphatase antibodies. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2007; 22:64-72. [PMID: 17627415 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2007.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One single-chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) and a new recombinant covalently linked dimeric scFv antibody (sc(Fv)(2)) against placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were investigated for selective tumor targeting. The biological behavior of these new antibodies was compared to that of the original native antibody, H7 MAb. The sc(Fv)(2)) antibody displayed convincing tumor localization properties with a rapid excretion pattern comparable to the scFv, but with a longer retention time in the tumor, and higher tumor-to-nontumor ratio (27:1), compared to the scFv (15:1), at 48 hours. For the sc(Fv)(2) antibody, more than 50% of the remaining activity in the mouse was present in the tumor between 24 and 48 hours after the injection. With this antibody, scintigraphic visualization of the tumor was also possible 1 week after the injection. It is concluded that this sc(Fv)(2) antibody fragment, with two binding sites, displays properties suitable for in vivo targeting of PLAP expressing tumors.
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Shi J, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Zhang J, Cheung PT, Xu R, Zheng D. Therapeutic Expression of an Anti-Death Receptor 5 Single-Chain Fixed-Variable Region Prevents Tumor Growth in Mice. Cancer Res 2006; 66:11946-53. [PMID: 17178893 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of the single-chain fixed-variable (scFv) fragments of recombinant monoclonal antibodies as credible alternatives for classic therapeutic antibodies has two limitations: rapid blood clearance and inefficient local expression of functional molecules. In attempt to address these issues, we have developed a novel gene therapy protocol in which the anti-death receptor 5 (DR5) scFv fragments were either in vitro expressed in several tumor cell lines, or in vivo expressed in mice, using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene transfer. Viral transduction using the rAAV-S3C construct, which encodes a scFv molecule (S3C scFv) specific to DR5, led to stable expression in tumor cell lines and showed apoptosis-inducing activity in vitro, which could be inhibited by recombinant DR5 but not by DR4. A single i.m. injection of rAAV-S3C virus in nude mice resulted in stable expression of DR5-binding S3C scFv proteins in mouse sera for at least 240 days. Moreover, the expression of S3C scFv was associated with significant suppression of tumor growth and the increase of tumor cell apoptosis in previously established s.c. human lung LTEP-sml and liver Hep3B tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Mazuet C, Lerouge D, Poul MA, Blin N. Breast carcinoma specific antibody selection combining phage display and immunomagnetic cell sorting. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:550-9. [PMID: 16890194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To discover new specific antibodies directed against disseminated carcinoma cells in breast cancer patients, a strategy combining single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display and immunomagnetic cell sorting was developed. A selection model, in which ErbB2-expressing breast carcinoma SKBR3 cells are spiked into a 50-fold excess of lymphocytes, was setup. Selection conditions, optimized using the previously characterized ErbB2-specific F5 phage scFv, led to an outstanding phage enrichment yield of 25,000 after only one round. This protocol applied to human nai ve and synthetic phage display antibody libraries led to the selection, in only two rounds, of individual scFv clones (43 out of 46 tested) specific for non-epithelial carcinoma antigens expressed on SKBR3 cells. This strategy is fully applicable to metastatic cells in effusions from breast carcinoma patients and shall lead to the discovery of immunotools crucial for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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16
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Huang BC, Davern S, Kennel SJ. Mono and bivalent binding of a scFv and covalent diabody to murine laminin-1 using radioiodinated proteins and SPR measurements: effects on tissue retention in vivo. J Immunol Methods 2006; 313:149-60. [PMID: 16750217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phage display techniques identified a scFv, 15-9, which binds to murine laminin-1 and accumulated selectively in tumors. In this study, a covalent diabody was constructed by changing the amino acid residues at positions VH44 and VL100 to cysteine residues so that the diabody form could be stabilized via a disulfide bond. The covalent diabody was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by affinity chromatography. The binding properties were measured by surface plasmon resonance and solid phase binding of (125)I diabody and scFv. Data from the plasmon resonance method yielded calculated K(D)s of 4.4 x 10(-10) M for the covalent diabody and 9.9 x 10(-8) M for the scFv. K(D)s calculated from solid phase binding of radioiodinated proteins were 1.7-2.1 x 10(-10) M and 2.1-2.4 x 10(-8) M respectively. The rate of dissociation of (125)I scFv from solid phase laminin was independent of laminin concentration; however, the dissociation of the (125)I diabody was dependent both on the concentration of laminin and on the concentration of the diabody. Specifically, high concentrations of laminin yielded very slow rates of diabody dissociation indicating that bivalent attachments had formed. When higher amounts of diabody were used that essentially saturated the laminin sites with univalent binding, the dissociation rate was similar to that for the scFv indicating univalent binding. Biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing SCID mice showed that the covalent diabody improved the ratio of tumor/muscle 2 fold over that obtained with the scFv, although the absolute amount of protein bound to the tumor site was not significantly different for the two forms. The data also showed that retention of the diabody in the tumor and kidney, sites where laminin is present in high concentration, was much longer compared to that of scFv. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that both scFv and diabody forms bind to available laminin in vivo with similar association kinetics, but that in situations of high target concentration, the diabody can bind bivalently and is thus retained at the binding site much longer than the scFv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-cheng Huang
- Life Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37831-6101, USA
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Davern SM, Foote LJ, Lankford TK, Macy SD, Wall MD, Kennel SJ. Identification of an antilaminin-1 scFv that preferentially homes to vascular solid tumors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2006; 20:524-33. [PMID: 16248768 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2005.20.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor vasculature and extracellular matrix make attractive targets for distinguishing solid tumors from normal cells. In solid tumors, the processes of angiogenesis and metastasis potentially give rise to unique epitopes not usually accessible in homeostatic organs. Specific targeting of solid tumors for radioimmunotherapy requires that the targeting agent accumulate rapidly and at high levels at the tumor site. This study involved the selection of scFvs that recognize laminin-1 in vitro from the Tomlinson I and J phage display libraries. Selected, purified scFvs were radioiodinated and injected in tumor-bearing mice. One of these, scFv 15-9, exhibited preferential accumulation at subcutaneous tumors when compared to other antilaminin scFvs or to a control scFv. Autoradiographic analysis indicated that scFv15- 9 also displayed a higher vessel:parenchyma ratio than did two other antilaminin scFvs, scFv 15-6 and scFv 15-1, indicating a preferential accumulation of scFv 15-9 around vessel structures. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that scFv 15-9 accumulated at sites of endothelial cells lining vessel structures where significant levels of laminin were present. These data demonstrate that scFv 15-9 binds to a specific epitope on laminin and has potential for tumor endoradiotherapy in subcutaneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Davern
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building 45005, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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