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da Veiga GTS, Moriggi MR, Vettorazzi JF, Müller-Santos M, Albrecht L. Plasmodium vivax vaccine: What is the best way to go? Front Immunol 2023; 13:910236. [PMID: 36726991 PMCID: PMC9885200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most devastating human infectious diseases caused by Plasmodium spp. parasites. A search for an effective and safe vaccine is the main challenge for its eradication. Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent Plasmodium species and the most geographically distributed parasite and has been neglected for decades. This has a massive gap in knowledge and consequently in the development of vaccines. The most significant difficulties in obtaining a vaccine against P. vivax are the high genetic diversity and the extremely complex life cycle. Due to its complexity, studies have evaluated P. vivax antigens from different stages as potential targets for an effective vaccine. Therefore, the main vaccine candidates are grouped into preerythrocytic stage vaccines, blood-stage vaccines, and transmission-blocking vaccines. This review aims to support future investigations by presenting the main findings of vivax malaria vaccines to date. There are only a few P. vivax vaccines in clinical trials, and thus far, the best protective efficacy was a vaccine formulated with synthetic peptide from a circumsporozoite protein and Montanide ISA-51 as an adjuvant with 54.5% efficacy in a phase IIa study. In addition, the majority of P. vivax antigen candidates are polymorphic, induce strain-specific and heterogeneous immunity and provide only partial protection. Nevertheless, immunization with recombinant proteins and multiantigen vaccines have shown promising results and have emerged as excellent strategies. However, more studies are necessary to assess the ideal vaccine combination and test it in clinical trials. Developing a safe and effective vaccine against vivax malaria is essential for controlling and eliminating the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what is already known to propose and identify new candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Tatiane Soares da Veiga
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Parasites Research, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil,Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Letusa Albrecht
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Parasites Research, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil,*Correspondence: Letusa Albrecht,
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Ricaurte-Contreras LA, Lovera A, Moreno-Pérez DA, Bohórquez MD, Suárez CF, Gutiérrez-Vásquez E, Cuy-Chaparro L, Garzón-Ospina D, Patarroyo MA. Two 20-Residue-Long Peptides Derived from Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 10 EGF-Like Domains Are Involved in Binding to Human Reticulocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041609. [PMID: 33562650 PMCID: PMC7915351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites’ invasion of their target cells is a complex, multi-step process involving many protein-protein interactions. Little is known about how complex the interaction with target cells is in Plasmodium vivax and few surface molecules related to reticulocytes’ adhesion have been described to date. Natural selection, functional and structural analysis were carried out on the previously described vaccine candidate P. vivax merozoite surface protein 10 (PvMSP10) for evaluating its role during initial contact with target cells. It has been shown here that the recombinant carboxyl terminal region (rPvMSP10-C) bound to adult human reticulocytes but not to normocytes, as validated by two different protein-cell interaction assays. Particularly interesting was the fact that two 20-residue-long regions (388DKEECRCRANYMPDDSVDYF407 and 415KDCSKENGNCDVNAECSIDK434) were able to inhibit rPvMSP10-C binding to reticulocytes and rosette formation using enriched target cells. These peptides were derived from PvMSP10 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains (precisely, from a well-defined electrostatic zone) and consisted of regions having the potential of being B- or T-cell epitopes. These findings provide evidence, for the first time, about the fragments governing PvMSP10 binding to its target cells, thus highlighting the importance of studying them for inclusion in a P. vivax antimalarial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alejandra Ricaurte-Contreras
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
- MSc Programme in Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Andrea Lovera
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
| | - Darwin Andrés Moreno-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
| | - Michel David Bohórquez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
| | - Carlos Fernando Suárez
- Biomathematics Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Elizabeth Gutiérrez-Vásquez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
| | - Laura Cuy-Chaparro
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
| | - Diego Garzón-Ospina
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.A.R.-C.); (A.L.); (D.A.M.-P.); (M.D.B.); (E.G.-V.); (L.C.-C.); (D.G.-O.)
- Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, Carrera 9#51-11, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Rosas-Aguirre A, Patra KP, Calderón M, Torres K, Gamboa D, Arocutipa E, Málaga E, Garro K, Fernández C, Trompeter G, Alnasser Y, Llanos-Cuentas A, Gilman RH, Vinetz JM. Anti-MSP-10 IgG indicates recent exposure to Plasmodium vivax infection in the Peruvian Amazon. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130769. [PMID: 31770108 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSerological tools for the accurate detection of recent malaria exposure are needed to guide and monitor malaria control efforts. IgG responses against Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-10 (MSP10) were measured as a potential way to identify recent malaria exposure in the Peruvian Amazon.METHODSA field-based study included 470 participants in a longitudinal cohort who completed a comprehensive evaluation: light microscopy and PCR on enrollment, at least 1 monthly follow-up by light microscopy, a second PCR, and serum and dried blood spots for serological analysis at the end of the follow-up. IgG titers against novel mammalian cell-produced recombinant PvMSP10 and PfMSP10 were determined by ELISA.RESULTSDuring the follow-up period, 205 participants were infected, including 171 with P. vivax, 26 with P. falciparum, 6 with infections by both species but at different times, and 2 with mixed infections. Exposure to P. vivax was more accurately identified when serological responses to PvMSP10 were obtained from serum (sensitivity, 58.1%; specificity, 81.8%; AUC: 0.76) than from dried blood spots (sensitivity, 35.2; specificity, 83.5%; AUC: 0.64) (PAUC < 0.001). Sensitivity was highest (serum, 82.9%; dried blood spot, 45.7%) with confirmed P. vivax infections occurring 7-30 days before sample collection; sensitivity decreased significantly in relation to time since last documented infection. PvMSP10 serological data did not show evidence of interspecies cross-reactivity. Anti-PfMSP10 responses poorly discriminated between P. falciparum-exposed and nonexposed individuals (AUC = 0.59; P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONAnti-PvMSP10 IgG indicates recent exposure to P. vivax at the population level in the Amazon region. Serum, not dried blood spots, should be used for such serological tests.FUNDINGCooperative agreement U19AI089681 from the United States Public Health Service, NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, as the Amazonian International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Rosas-Aguirre
- Fund for Scientific Research FNRS, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Instituto de Medicina, Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt," Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kailash P Patra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maritza Calderón
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, and
| | - Katherine Torres
- Instituto de Medicina, Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt," Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Instituto de Medicina, Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt," Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, and.,Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Edith Arocutipa
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, and.,Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Edith Málaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, and.,Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Katherine Garro
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Fernández
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Grace Trompeter
- Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yossef Alnasser
- Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Instituto de Medicina, Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt," Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, and.,Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, and.,Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Arévalo-Pinzón G, González-González M, Suárez CF, Curtidor H, Carabias-Sánchez J, Muro A, LaBaer J, Patarroyo MA, Fuentes M. Self-assembling functional programmable protein array for studying protein-protein interactions in malaria parasites. Malar J 2018; 17:270. [PMID: 30016987 PMCID: PMC6050706 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread malarial species, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Knowledge is limited regarding the molecular mechanism of invasion due to the lack of a continuous in vitro culture system for these species. Since protein–protein and host–cell interactions play an essential role in the microorganism’s invasion and replication, elucidating protein function during invasion is critical when developing more effective control methods. Nucleic acid programmable protein array (NAPPA) has thus become a suitable technology for studying protein–protein and host–protein interactions since producing proteins through the in vitro transcription/translation (IVTT) method overcomes most of the drawbacks encountered to date, such as heterologous protein production, stability and purification. Results Twenty P. vivax proteins on merozoite surface or in secretory organelles were selected and successfully cloned using gateway technology. Most constructs were displayed in the array expressed in situ, using the IVTT method. The Pv12 protein was used as bait for evaluating array functionality and co-expressed with P. vivax cDNA display in the array. It was found that Pv12 interacted with Pv41 (as previously described), as well as PvMSP142kDa, PvRBP1a, PvMSP8 and PvRAP1. Conclusions NAPPA is a high-performance technique enabling co-expression of bait and query in situ, thereby enabling interactions to be analysed rapidly and reproducibly. It offers a fresh alternative for studying protein–protein and ligand–receptor interactions regarding a parasite which is difficult to cultivate (i.e. P. vivax). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2414-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 # 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María González-González
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernando Suárez
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 # 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A.), Calle 222 # 55-37, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernando Curtidor
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 # 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Antonio Muro
- Unidad de Investigación Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca-Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Universitario Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 # 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Moreno-Pérez DA, Baquero LA, Chitiva-Ardila DM, Patarroyo MA. Characterising PvRBSA: an exclusive protein from Plasmodium species infecting reticulocytes. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:243. [PMID: 28521840 PMCID: PMC5437689 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax uses multiple ligand-receptor interactions for preferential invasion of human reticulocytes. Several of these ligands have been identified by in silico approaches based on the role displayed by their orthologs in other Plasmodium species during initial adhesion or invasion. However, the cell adhesion role of proteins that are exclusive to species that specifically invade reticulocytes (as P. vivax and P. cynomolgi) has not been evaluated to date. This study aimed to characterise an antigen shared between Plasmodium species that preferentially infect reticulocytes with a focus on assessing its binding activity to target cells. Results An in silico analysis was performed using P. vivax proteome data to identify and characterise one antigen shared between P. vivax and P. cynomolgi. This led to identification of the pvrbsa gene present in the P. vivax VCG-I strain genome. This gene is transcribed in mature schizonts and encodes a protein located on the parasite surface. rPvRBSA was antigenic and capable of binding to a population of reticulocytes with a different Duffy phenotype. Interestingly, the molecule showed a higher percentage of binding to immature human reticulocytes (CD71hi). Conclusions This study describes for the first time, a molecule involved in host cell binding that is exclusive in reticulocyte-infecting Plasmodium species. This suggest that PvRBSA is an antigenic adhesin that plays a role in parasite binding to target cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2185-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin A Moreno-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.,Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Luis A Baquero
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Diana M Chitiva-Ardila
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. .,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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López C, Yepes-Pérez Y, Hincapié-Escobar N, Díaz-Arévalo D, Patarroyo MA. What Is Known about the Immune Response Induced by Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidates? Front Immunol 2017; 8:126. [PMID: 28243235 PMCID: PMC5304258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax continues being one of the most important infectious diseases around the world; P. vivax is the second most prevalent species and has the greatest geographic distribution. Developing an effective antimalarial vaccine is considered a relevant control strategy in the search for means of preventing the disease. Studying parasite-expressed proteins, which are essential in host cell invasion, has led to identifying the regions recognized by individuals who are naturally exposed to infection. Furthermore, immunogenicity studies have revealed that such regions can trigger a robust immune response that can inhibit sporozoite (hepatic stage) or merozoite (erythrocyte stage) invasion of a host cell and induce protection. This review provides a synthesis of the most important studies to date concerning the antigenicity and immunogenicity of both synthetic peptide and recombinant protein candidates for a vaccine against malaria produced by P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yoelis Yepes-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; MSc Programme in Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Hincapié-Escobar
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC) , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Diana Díaz-Arévalo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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7
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Hostetler JB, Sharma S, Bartholdson SJ, Wright GJ, Fairhurst RM, Rayner JC. A Library of Plasmodium vivax Recombinant Merozoite Proteins Reveals New Vaccine Candidates and Protein-Protein Interactions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004264. [PMID: 26701602 PMCID: PMC4689532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A vaccine targeting Plasmodium vivax will be an essential component of any comprehensive malaria elimination program, but major gaps in our understanding of P. vivax biology, including the protein-protein interactions that mediate merozoite invasion of reticulocytes, hinder the search for candidate antigens. Only one ligand-receptor interaction has been identified, that between P. vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP) and the erythrocyte Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC), and strain-specific immune responses to PvDBP make it a complex vaccine target. To broaden the repertoire of potential P. vivax merozoite-stage vaccine targets, we exploited a recent breakthrough in expressing full-length ectodomains of Plasmodium proteins in a functionally-active form in mammalian cells and initiated a large-scale study of P. vivax merozoite proteins that are potentially involved in reticulocyte binding and invasion. Methodology/Principal Findings We selected 39 P. vivax proteins that are predicted to localize to the merozoite surface or invasive secretory organelles, some of which show homology to P. falciparum vaccine candidates. Of these, we were able to express 37 full-length protein ectodomains in a mammalian expression system, which has been previously used to express P. falciparum invasion ligands such as PfRH5. To establish whether the expressed proteins were correctly folded, we assessed whether they were recognized by antibodies from Cambodian patients with acute vivax malaria. IgG from these samples showed at least a two-fold change in reactivity over naïve controls in 27 of 34 antigens tested, and the majority showed heat-labile IgG immunoreactivity, suggesting the presence of conformation-sensitive epitopes and native tertiary protein structures. Using a method specifically designed to detect low-affinity, extracellular protein-protein interactions, we confirmed a predicted interaction between P. vivax 6-cysteine proteins P12 and P41, further suggesting that the proteins are natively folded and functional. This screen also identified two novel protein-protein interactions, between P12 and PVX_110945, and between MSP3.10 and MSP7.1, the latter of which was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Conclusions/Significance We produced a new library of recombinant full-length P. vivax ectodomains, established that the majority of them contain tertiary structure, and used them to identify predicted and novel protein-protein interactions. As well as identifying new interactions for further biological studies, this library will be useful in identifying P. vivax proteins with vaccine potential, and studying P. vivax malaria pathogenesis and immunity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00663546 Plasmodium vivax causes malaria in millions of people each year, primarily in Southeast Asia and Central and South America. P. vivax has a dormant liver stage, which can lead to disease recurrence in infected individuals even in the absence of mosquito transmission. The development of vaccines that target blood-stage P. vivax parasites is therefore likely to be an essential component of any worldwide effort to eradicate malaria. Studying P. vivax is very difficult as this parasite grows poorly in the laboratory and invades only small numbers of young red blood cells in patients. Due to these and other challenges, only a handful of P. vivax proteins have been tested as potential vaccines. To generate more vaccine candidates, we expressed the entire ectodomains of 37 proteins that are predicted to be involved in P. vivax invasion of red blood cells. Antibodies from Cambodian patients with P. vivax malaria recognized heat-sensitive epitopes in the majority of these proteins, suggesting that they are natively folded. We also used the proteins to screen for both predicted and novel protein-protein interactions, confirming that the proteins are functional and further supporting their potential as vaccine candidates. As a new community resource, this P. vivax recombinant protein library will facilitate future studies of P. vivax pathogenesis and immunity, and greatly expands the list of candidate vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Hostetler
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sumana Sharma
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S. Josefin Bartholdson
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Wright
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rick M. Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RMF); (JCR)
| | - Julian C. Rayner
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RMF); (JCR)
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8
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Chuquiyauri R, Molina DM, Moss EL, Wang R, Gardner MJ, Brouwer KC, Torres S, Gilman RH, Llanos-Cuentas A, Neafsey DE, Felgner P, Liang X, Vinetz JM. Genome-Scale Protein Microarray Comparison of Human Antibody Responses in Plasmodium vivax Relapse and Reinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:801-9. [PMID: 26149860 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Large scale antibody responses in Plasmodium vivax malaria remains unexplored in the endemic setting. Protein microarray analysis of asexual-stage P. vivax was used to identify antigens recognized in sera from residents of hypoendemic Peruvian Amazon. Over 24 months, of 106 participants, 91 had two symptomatic P. vivax malaria episodes, 11 had three episodes, 3 had four episodes, and 1 had five episodes. Plasmodium vivax relapse was distinguished from reinfection by a merozoite surface protein-3α restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (MSP3α PCR-RFLP) assay. Notably, P. vivax reinfection subjects did not have higher reactivity to the entire set of recognized P. vivax blood-stage antigens than relapse subjects, regardless of the number of malaria episodes. The most highly recognized P. vivax proteins were MSP 4, 7, 8, and 10 (PVX_003775, PVX_082650, PVX_097625, and PVX_114145); sexual-stage antigen s16 (PVX_000930); early transcribed membrane protein (PVX_090230); tryptophan-rich antigen (Pv-fam-a) (PVX_092995); apical merozoite antigen 1 (PVX_092275); and proteins of unknown function (PVX_081830, PVX_117680, PVX_118705, PVX_121935, PVX_097730, PVX_110935, PVX_115450, and PVX_082475). Genes encoding reactive proteins exhibited a significant enrichment of non-synonymous nucleotide variation, an observation suggesting immune selection. These data identify candidates for seroepidemiological tools to support malaria elimination efforts in P. vivax-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Chuquiyauri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas M Molina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eli L Moss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Malcolm J Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kimberly C Brouwer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sonia Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Philip Felgner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaowu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California; Malaria Research Group, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Seattle Biomed, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, Division of Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Putaporntip C, Miao J, Kuamsab N, Sattabongkot J, Sirichaisinthop J, Jongwutiwes S, Cui L. The Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 3β sequence reveals contrasting parasite populations in southern and northwestern Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3336. [PMID: 25412166 PMCID: PMC4238993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria control efforts have a significant impact on the epidemiology and parasite population dynamics. In countries aiming for malaria elimination, malaria transmission may be restricted to limited transmission hot spots, where parasite populations may be isolated from each other and experience different selection forces. Here we aim to examine the Plasmodium vivax population divergence in geographically isolated transmission zones in Thailand. METHODOLOGY We employed the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 3β (PvMSP3β) as a molecular marker for characterizing P. vivax populations based on the extensive diversity of this gene in Southeast Asian parasite populations. To examine two parasite populations with different transmission levels in Thailand, we obtained 45 P. vivax isolates from Tak Province, northwestern Thailand, where the annual parasite incidence (API) was more than 2%, and 28 isolates from Yala and Narathiwat Provinces, southern Thailand, where the API was less than 0.02%. We sequenced the PvMSP3β gene and examined its genetic diversity and molecular evolution between the parasite populations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Of 58 isolates containing single PvMSP3β alleles, 31 sequence types were identified. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.77 ± 0.06 and nucleotide diversity 0.0877±0.0054. The northwestern vivax malaria population exhibited extensive haplotype diversity (HD) of PvMSP3β (HD=1.0). In contrast, the southern parasite population displayed a single PvMSP3β allele (HD=0), suggesting a clonal population expansion. This result revealed that the extent of allelic diversity in P. vivax populations in Thailand varies among endemic areas. CONCLUSION Malaria parasite populations in a given region may vary significantly in genetic diversity, which may be the result of control and influenced by the magnitude of malaria transmission intensity. This is an issue that should be taken into account for the implementation of P. vivax control measures such as drug policy and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Napaporn Kuamsab
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Vivax Malaria Research Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Somchai Jongwutiwes
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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10
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Moreno-Pérez DA, Dégano R, Ibarrola N, Muro A, Patarroyo MA. Determining the Plasmodium vivax VCG-1 strain blood stage proteome. J Proteomics 2014; 113:268-280. [PMID: 25316051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent parasite species causing malaria in humans living in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. There have been few P. vivax proteomic studies to date and they have focused on using clinical isolates, given the technical difficulties concerning how to maintain an in vitro culture of this species. This study was thus focused on identifying the P. vivax VCG-1 strain proteome during its blood lifecycle through LC-MS/MS; this led to identifying 734 proteins, thus increasing the overall number reported for P. vivax to date. Some of them have previously been related to reticulocyte invasion, parasite virulence and growth and others are new molecules possibly playing a functional role during metabolic processes, as predicted by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) functional analysis. This is the first large-scale proteomic analysis of a P. vivax strain adapted to a non-human primate model showing the parasite protein repertoire during the blood lifecycle. Database searches facilitated the in silico prediction of proteins proposed for evaluation in further experimental assays regarding their potential as pharmacologic targets or as component of a totally efficient vaccine against malaria caused by P. vivax. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE P. vivax malaria continues being a public health problem around world. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding genome- and transcriptome-related P. vivax biology, there are few proteome studies, currently representing only 8.5% of the predicted in silico proteome reported in public databases. A high-throughput proteomic assay was used for discovering new P. vivax intra-reticulocyte asexual stage molecules taken from parasites maintained in vivo in a primate model. The methodology avoided the main problem related to standardising an in vitro culture system to obtain enough samples for protein identification and annotation. This study provides a source of potential information contributing towards a basic understanding of P. vivax biology related to parasite proteins which are of significant importance for the malaria research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Moreno-Pérez
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Calle 63D No. 24-31, Bogotá, Colombia; IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca-Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - R Dégano
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - N Ibarrola
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - A Muro
- IBSAL-CIETUS (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca-Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - M A Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Calle 63D No. 24-31, Bogotá, Colombia.
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11
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Cheng Y, Wang B, Sattabongkot J, Lim CS, Tsuboi T, Han ET. Immunogenicity and antigenicity of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 10. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2559-68. [PMID: 24764159 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the proteins involved in the invasion by merozoite, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are suggested as potential vaccine candidates because of their localization to apical organelles and the surface; these candidates are predicted to play essential roles during invasion. As a GPI-AP, Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 10 (PvMSP-10) induces high antibody titers. However, such high antibody titers have shown no protective efficacy for animals challenged with P. vivax parasites in a previous study. To adequately evaluate the immunogenicity and further characterize PvMSP-10 in order to understand its vaccine potential, we assessed its immunogenicity by immunizing BALB/c mice with cell-free expressed recombinant PvMSP-10 protein. The antigenicity of MSP-10 was analyzed, and we found 42% sensitivity and 95% specificity using serum samples from P. vivax-infected Korean patients. The IgG1 and IgG3 were the predominant immunoreactive antibodies against PvMSP-10 in vivax patient sera, and IgG1 and IgG3 and Th1-type cytokines were predominantly secreted in PvMSP-10-immunized mice. We conclude that the immunogenicity and antigenicity of MSP-10 may serve as a potential vaccine against vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Hyoja2-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea
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12
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Patarroyo MA, Calderón D, Moreno-Pérez DA. Vaccines againstPlasmodium vivax: a research challenge. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1249-60. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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The GPI-anchored 6-Cys protein Pv12 is present in detergent-resistant microdomains of Plasmodium vivax blood stage schizonts. Protist 2012; 164:37-48. [PMID: 22554829 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax malaria remains one of the tropical diseases causing an enormous burden on global public health. Several proteins located on this parasite species' merozoite surface have been considered the most suitable antigens for being included in an anti-malarial vaccine, given the functional role they play during the parasite's interaction with red blood cells. The present study identifies and characterizes the P. vivax Pv12 surface protein which was evaluated by using molecular biology and immunochemistry assays; its antigenic potential was also examined in natural and experimental P. vivax malaria infections. The P. vivax VCG-1 strain Pv12 gene encodes a 362 amino acid-long protein exhibiting a signal peptide, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor sequence and two 6-Cys domains. The presence of the Pv12 protein on the parasite's surface and its association with detergent-resistant membrane complexes, together with its antigenic potential, supports the notion that this antigen could play an important role as a red blood cell binding ligand. Further studies aimed at establishing the immunogenicity and protection-inducing ability of the Pv12 protein or its products in the Aotus experimental model are thus suggested.
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14
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Moreno-Perez DA, Montenegro M, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. Identification, characterization and antigenicity of the Plasmodium vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 (PvRON1). Malar J 2011; 10:314. [PMID: 22024312 PMCID: PMC3215230 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax malaria remains a major health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Several rhoptry proteins which are important for interaction with and/or invasion of red blood cells, such as PfRONs, Pf92, Pf38, Pf12 and Pf34, have been described during the last few years and are being considered as potential anti-malarial vaccine candidates. This study describes the identification and characterization of the P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 (PvRON1) and examine its antigenicity in natural P. vivax infections. Methods The PvRON1 encoding gene, which is homologous to that encoding the P. falciparum apical sushi protein (ASP) according to the plasmoDB database, was selected as our study target. The pvron1 gene transcription was evaluated by RT-PCR using RNA obtained from the P. vivax VCG-1 strain. Two peptides derived from the deduced P. vivax Sal-I PvRON1 sequence were synthesized and inoculated in rabbits for obtaining anti-PvRON1 antibodies which were used to confirm the protein expression in VCG-1 strain schizonts along with its association with detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs) by Western blot, and its localization by immunofluorescence assays. The antigenicity of the PvRON1 protein was assessed using human sera from individuals previously exposed to P. vivax malaria by ELISA. Results In the P. vivax VCG-1 strain, RON1 is a 764 amino acid-long protein. In silico analysis has revealed that PvRON1 shares essential characteristics with different antigens involved in invasion, such as the presence of a secretory signal, a GPI-anchor sequence and a putative sushi domain. The PvRON1 protein is expressed in parasite's schizont stage, localized in rhoptry necks and it is associated with DRMs. Recombinant protein recognition by human sera indicates that this antigen can trigger an immune response during a natural infection with P. vivax. Conclusions This study shows the identification and characterization of the P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 in the VCG-1 strain. Taking into account that PvRON1 shares several important characteristics with other Plasmodium antigens that play a functional role during RBC invasion and, as shown here, it is antigenic, it could be considered as a good vaccine candidate. Further studies aimed at assessing its immunogenicity and protection-inducing ability in the Aotus monkey model are thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin A Moreno-Perez
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Carrera 50 No, 26-20, Bogotá, Colombia
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15
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Wang Y, Kaneko O, Sattabongkot J, Chen JH, Lu F, Chai JY, Takeo S, Tsuboi T, Ayala FJ, Chen Y, Lim CS, Han ET. Genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax msp1p, a paralog of merozoite surface protein 1, from worldwide isolates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84:292-7. [PMID: 21292901 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax msp1p, a paralog of the candidate vaccine antigen P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1, possesses a signal peptide at its N-terminus and two epidermal growth factor-like domains at its C-terminus with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment site. The msp1p gene locus may have originated by a duplication of the msp1 gene locus in a common ancestor of the analyzed Plasmodium species and lost from P. yoelii, P. berghei, and P. falciparum during their evolutionary history. Full-length sequences of the msp1p gene were generally highly conserved; they had a few amino acid substitutions, one highly polymorphic E/Q-rich region, and a single-to-triple hepta-peptide repeat motif. Twenty-one distinguishable allelic types (A1-A21) of the E/Q-rich region were identified from worldwide isolates. Among them, four types were detected in isolates from South Korea. The length polymorphism of the E/Q-rich region might be useful as a genetic marker for population structure studies in malaria-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Garzón-Ospina D, Romero-Murillo L, Tobón LF, Patarroyo MA. Low genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface proteins 7 and 10 in Colombian Plasmodium vivax isolates. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:528-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen JH, Jung JW, Wang Y, Ha KS, Lu F, Lim CS, Takeo S, Tsuboi T, Han ET. Immunoproteomics Profiling of Blood Stage Plasmodium vivax Infection by High-Throughput Screening Assays. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6479-89. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100705g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Satoru Takeo
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Cell-free Science and
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18
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Characterization and antigenicity of the promising vaccine candidate Plasmodium vivax 34kDa rhoptry antigen (Pv34). Vaccine 2009; 28:415-21. [PMID: 19837093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Giraldo MA, Arevalo-Pinzon G, Rojas-Caraballo J, Mongui A, Rodriguez R, Patarroyo MA. Vaccination with recombinant Plasmodium vivax MSP-10 formulated in different adjuvants induces strong immunogenicity but no protection. Vaccine 2009; 28:7-13. [PMID: 19782110 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although largely considered benign, Plasmodium vivax causes disease in nearly 75 million people each year and the available strategies are not sufficient to reduce the burden of disease, therefore pointing to vaccine development as a cost-effective control measure. In this study, the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 10 (MSP-10) was expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. High antigenicity was observed since sera from P. vivax-infected patients strongly recognized rPvMSP10. The immunogenicity of rPvMSP10 was tested in Aotus monkeys, comparing responses induced by formulations with Freund's adjuvant, Montanide ISA720 or aluminum hydroxide. All formulations produced high antibody titers recognizing the native protein in late schizonts. Despite inducing strong antibody production, none of the formulations protected immunized Aotus monkeys upon experimental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Giraldo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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20
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Angel DI, Mongui A, Ardila J, Vanegas M, Patarroyo MA. The Plasmodium vivax Pv41 surface protein: identification and characterization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:1113-7. [PMID: 18983983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Plasmodium vivax has been related to nearly 81% of malaria cases reported in Central America and the Mediterranean. Due to the difficulty of culturing this parasite species in vitro, most studies on P. vivax have focused on the identification of new antigens by homology comparison with P. falciparum vaccine candidate proteins. In this study, we have identified and characterized a Pf41 homologue in P. vivax, hence named Pv41, by following such approach and using web-available bioinformatics databases, molecular techniques and immunochemistry assays. Pv41 protein is a 384-amino-acid-long antigen encoded by a single exon that exhibits two s48/45 domains characteristic of gametocyte surface proteins. We have also demonstrated Pv41 transcription and expression during late intra-erythrocytic parasite stages and defined its subcellular localization on the parasite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Angel
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá, Colombia
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21
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Mongui A, Angel DI, Guzman C, Vanegas M, Patarroyo MA. Characterisation of the Plasmodium vivax Pv38 antigen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:326-30. [PMID: 18789893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the identification and characterisation of Pv38, based on the available genomic sequence of Plasmodium vivax and previous studies done with its Plasmodium falciparum homologue: Pf38. Pv38 is a 355 amino acid long peptide encoded by a single exon gene, for which orthologous genes have been identified in other Plasmodium species by bioinformatic approaches. As for Pf38, Pv38 was found to contain a s48/45 domain which is usually found in proteins displayed on gametocytes surface. The association of Pv38 with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), its expression in mature blood stages of the parasite (mainly schizonts) and the detection of its recombinant protein by sera from Aotus monkeys previously exposed to the parasite, were here assessed to further characterise this new antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mongui
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogota, Colombia
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22
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ALAM MT, BORA H, MITTRA P, SINGH N, SHARMA YD. Cellular immune responses to recombinant Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich antigen (PvTRAg) among individuals exposed to vivax malaria. Parasite Immunol 2008; 30:379-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2008.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Mongui A, Perez-Leal O, Rojas-Caraballo J, Angel DI, Cortes J, Patarroyo MA. Identifying and characterising the Plasmodium falciparum RhopH3 Plasmodium vivax homologue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:861-6. [PMID: 17511961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four Plasmodium species cause malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum being the most widely studied to date. All Plasmodium species have paired club-shaped organelles towards their apical extreme named rhoptries that contain many lipids and proteins which are released during target cell invasion. P. falciparum RhopH3 is a rhoptry protein triggering important immune responses in patients from endemic regions. It has also been shown that anti-RhopH3 antibodies inhibit in vitro invasion of erythrocytes. Recent immunisation studies in mice with the Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei RhopH3 P. falciparum homologue proteins found that they are able to induce protection in murine models. This study described identifying and characterising RhopH3 protein in Plasmodium vivax; it is encoded by a seven exon gene and expressed during the parasite's asexual stage. PvRhopH3 has similar processing to its homologue in P. falciparum and presents a cellular immunolocalisation pattern characteristic of rhoptry proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mongui
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Carrera 50#26-00, Bogota, Colombia
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24
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Rojas Caraballo J, Delgado G, Rodriguez R, Patarroyo MA. The antigenicity of a Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein-1 (PvRBP1) recombinant fragment in humans and its immunogenicity and protection studies in Aotus monkeys. Vaccine 2007; 25:3713-21. [PMID: 17240494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax merozoites have been found to specifically invade immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) and this preference has been associated with two proteins named reticulocyte binding protein-1 and protein-2 (PvRBP1 and PvRBP2). Previous reticulocyte binding assays using 15-mer synthetic peptides spanning the entire PvRBP1 sequence have shown that 25 out of the 195 peptides synthesised (grouped into 4 different regions) displayed high affinity binding to reticulocytes. The PvRBP1 region III (amino acids 1998-2348), encompassing 9 of the previously described high-affinity reticulocyte binding peptides, was expressed as a recombinant protein in the present study. This protein has been shown to be antigenic in humans and it has also been able to induce good humoral and cellular immune responses in Aotus nancymaae monkeys. Despite its high immunogenicity, no protective efficacy was observed in the immunised animals.
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25
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Serrano ML, Pérez HA, Medina JD. Structure of C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein-1 from Plasmodium vivax determined by homology modeling and molecular dynamics refinement. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:8359-65. [PMID: 17035028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One current vaccine candidate against Plasmodium vivax targeting asexual blood stage is the major merozoite surface protein-1 of P. vivax (PvMSP-1). Vaccine trials with PvMSP-1(19) and PvMSP-1(33) have succeeded in protecting monkeys and a large proportion of individuals, naturally exposed to P. vivax transmission, develop specific antibodies to PvMSP-1(19). This study presents a model for the three-dimensional structure of the C-terminal 19kDa fragment of P. vivax MSP-1 determined by means of homology modeling and molecular dynamics refinement. The structure proved to be consistent with MSP-1(19) of known crystal or solution structures. The presence of a main binding pocket, well suited for protein-protein interactions, was determined by CASTp. Corrections reported to the sequence of PvMSP-1(19) Belem strain were also inspected. Our model is currently used as a basis to understand antibody interactions with PvMSP-1(19).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Serrano
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Unidad de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela.
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26
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Mongui A, Perez-Leal O, Soto SC, Cortes J, Patarroyo MA. Cloning, expression, and characterisation of a Plasmodium vivax MSP7 family merozoite surface protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 351:639-44. [PMID: 17081497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax remains the most widespread Plasmodium parasite species around the world, producing about 75 million malaria cases, mainly in South America and Asia. A vaccine against this disease is of urgent need, making the identification of new antigens involved in target cell invasion, and thus potential vaccine candidates, a priority. A protein belonging to the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 7 (PvMSP7) family was identified in this study. This protein (named PvMSP7(1)) has 311 amino acids displaying an N-terminal region sharing high identity with P. falciparum MSP7, as well as a similar proteolytical cleavage pattern. This protein's expression in P. vivax asexual blood stages was revealed by immuno-histochemical and molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mongui
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
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27
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Patarroyo MA, Perez-Leal O, Lopez Y, Cortes J, Rojas-Caraballo J, Gomez A, Moncada C, Rosas J, Patarroyo ME. Identification and characterisation of the Plasmodium vivax rhoptry-associated protein 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 337:853-9. [PMID: 16214111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is currently the most widespread of the four parasite species causing malaria in humans around the world. It causes more than 75 million clinical episodes per year, mainly on the Asian and American continents. Identifying new antigens to be further tested as anti-P. vivax vaccine candidates has been greatly hampered by the difficulty of maintaining this parasite cultured in vitro. Taking into account that one of the most promising vaccine candidates against Plasmodium falciparum is the rhoptry-associated protein 2, we have identified the P. falciparum rhoptry-associated protein 2 homologue in P. vivax in the present study. This protein has 400 residues, having an N-terminal 21 amino-acid stretch compatible with a signal peptide and, as occurs with its falciparum homologue, it lacks repeat sequences. The protein is expressed in asexual stage P. vivax parasites and polyclonal sera raised against this protein recognised a 46 kDa band in parasite lysate in a Western blot assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology Department, Fundacion Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
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