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Montané-Romero ME, Martínez-Silva AV, Poot-Hernández AC, Escalante-Alcalde D. Plpp3, a novel regulator of pluripotency exit and endodermal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biol Open 2023; 12:285908. [PMID: 36504260 PMCID: PMC9867895 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, study of the actions of bioactive lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has increased since they are involved in regulating many processes, including self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, embryo development and cancer. Phospholipid phosphatase type 3 (PLPP3) has been shown to be a key player in regulating the balance of these lipids and, in consequence, their signaling. Different lines of evidence suggest that PLPP3 could play a role in endoderm development. To approach this hypothesis, we used mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) as a model to study Plpp3 function in self-renewal and the transition towards differentiation. We found that lack of PLPP3 mainly affects endoderm formation during differentiation of suspension-formed embryoid bodies. PLPP3-deficient ESC strongly decrease the amount of FOXA2-expressing cells and fail to properly downregulate the expression of pluripotency factors when subjected to an endoderm-directed differentiation protocol. Impaired endoderm differentiation correlated with a transient reduction in nuclear localization of YAP1. These phenotypes were rescued by transiently restoring the expression of catalytically active hPLPP3. In conclusion, PLPP3 plays a role in downregulating pluripotency-associated factors and in endodermal differentiation. PLPP3 regulates proper lipid/YAP1 signaling required for endodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Montané-Romero
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Ana V. Martínez-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Augusto C. Poot-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Manejo de la Información, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México,Author for correspondence ()
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2
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Gao N, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Li X, Li Z, Xiao H. Wun2-mediated integrin recycling promotes apoptotic cell clearance in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2545-2561. [PMID: 35840760 PMCID: PMC9751302 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell (AC) clearance is a complex process in which phagocytes recognize, engulf, and digest ACs during organismal development and tissue homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis results in developmental defects and autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we performed RNA-sequencing to systematically identify regulators involved in the phagocytosis of ACs by Drosophila melanogaster macrophage-like S2 cells, followed by targeted RNA interference screening. Wunen2 (Wun2), a homolog of mammalian lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP), was deemed as required for efferocytosis both in vitro and in vivo. However, efferocytosis was independent of Wun2 phosphatase activity. Proteomic analysis further revealed that Rab11 and its effector Rip11 are interaction partners of Wun2. Therefore, Wun2 collaborates with Rip11 and Rab11 to mediate efficient recycling of the phagocytic receptor βν integrin subunit to the plasma membrane. The loss of Wun2 results in the routing of βv integrin subunit (Itgbn) into lysosomes, leading to its degradation. The deficiency of βv integrin subunit on the cell surface leads to aberrant and disorganized actin cytoskeleton, thereby influencing the formation of macrophage pseudopodia toward ACs and thus failure to engulf them. The findings of this study provide insights that clarify how phagocytes coordinate AC signals and adopt a precise mechanism for the maintenance of engulfment receptors at their cell membrane surface to regulate efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Zhu Q, Hao H, Xu H, Fichman Y, Cui Y, Yang C, Wang M, Mittler R, Hill MA, Cowan PJ, Zhang G, He X, Zhou S, Liu Z. Combination of Antioxidant Enzyme Overexpression and N-Acetylcysteine Treatment Enhances the Survival of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Ischemic Limb in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023491. [PMID: 34569277 PMCID: PMC8649154 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells remains a promising but challenging approach to critical limb ischemia in diabetes because of the dismal cell survival. Methods and Results Critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetes mouse model was used to explore the impact of diabetic limb ischemia on the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (bMSCs). Inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species was achieved with concomitant overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐1 and glutathione peroxidase‐1 in the transplanted bMSCs, and extracellular reactive oxygen species was attenuated using SOD‐3 overexpression and N‐acetylcysteine treatment. In vivo optical fluorescence imaging and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were used to track cell retention and determine blood flow in diabetic ischemic limb, respectively. Survival of the transplanted bMSCs was significantly decreased in diabetic ischemic limb compared with the control. In vitro study indicated that advanced glycation end products, not high glucose, significantly decreased the proliferation of bMSCs and increased their apoptosis associated with increased reactive oxygen species production and selective reduction of SOD‐1 and SOD‐3. In vivo study demonstrated that concomitant overexpression of SOD‐1, SOD‐3, and glutathione peroxidase‐1, or host treatment with N‐acetylcysteine, significantly enhanced in vivo survival of transplanted bMSCs, and improved critical limb ischemia in diabetic mice. Combination of triple antioxidant enzyme overexpression in bMSCs with host N‐acetylcysteine treatment further improved bMSC survival with enhanced circulatory and functional recovery from diabetic critical limb ischemia. Conclusions Simultaneous suppression of reactive oxygen species from transplanted bMSCs and host tissue could additively enhance bMSC survival in diabetic ischemic limb with increased therapeutic efficacy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO.,Department of Cardiology Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha City Hunan Province China
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Huifang Xu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Yosef Fichman
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Ron Mittler
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Department of Surgery University of Missouri School of MedicineChristopher S. Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Australia.,Immunology Research Centre St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Hematopathy Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha City Hunan Province China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha City Hunan Province China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
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4
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Interface of Phospholipase Activity, Immune Cell Function, and Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101449. [PMID: 33076403 PMCID: PMC7602611 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases are a family of lipid-altering enzymes that can either reduce or increase bioactive lipid levels. Bioactive lipids elicit signaling responses, activate transcription factors, promote G-coupled-protein activity, and modulate membrane fluidity, which mediates cellular function. Phospholipases and the bioactive lipids they produce are important regulators of immune cell activity, dictating both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity. During atherosclerosis, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities govern atherosclerosis progression and regression, respectively. This review will look at the interface of phospholipase activity, immune cell function, and atherosclerosis.
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Characterization of Chenopodin Isoforms from Quinoa Seeds and Assessment of Their Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Caco-2 Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050795. [PMID: 32455586 PMCID: PMC7277664 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several food-derived molecules, including proteins and peptides, can show bioactivities toward the promotion of well-being and disease prevention in humans. There is still a lack of information about the potential effects on immune and inflammatory responses in mammalian cells following the ingestion of seed storage proteins. This study, for the first time, describes the potential immunomodulation capacity of chenopodin, the major protein component of quinoa seeds. After characterizing the molecular features of the purified protein, we were able to separate two different forms of chenopodin, indicated as LcC (Low charge Chenopodin, 30% of total chenopodin) and HcC (High charge Chenopodin, 70% of total chenopodin). The biological effects of LcC and HcC were investigated by measuring NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression studies in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Inflammation was elicited using IL-1β. The results indicate that LcC and HcC show potential anti-inflammatory activities in an intestinal cell model, and that the proteins can act differently, depending on their structural features. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of action and the structural/functional relationships of the protein at the basis of the observed bioactivity were investigated using in silico analyses and structural predictions.
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6
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Liu L, Cui Y, Li X, Que X, Xiao Y, Yang C, Zhang J, Xie X, Cowan PJ, Tian J, Hao H, Liu Z. Concomitant overexpression of triple antioxidant enzymes selectively increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in mice with limb ischaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4019-4029. [PMID: 30973215 PMCID: PMC6533526 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a group of heterogeneous cells in bone marrow (BM) and blood. Ischaemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that regulates EPC number and function. The present study was conducted to determine if ischaemia‐induced ROS differentially regulated individual EPC subpopulations using a mouse model concomitantly overexpressing superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD3 and glutathione peroxidase. Limb ischaemia was induced by femoral artery ligation in male transgenic mice with their wild‐type littermate as control. BM and blood cells were collected for EPCs analysis and mononuclear cell intracellular ROS production, apoptosis and proliferation at baseline, day 3 and day 21 after ischaemia. Cells positive for c‐Kit+/CD31+ or Sca‐1+/Flk‐1+ or CD34+/CD133+ or CD34+/Flk‐1+ were identified as EPCs. ischaemia significantly increased ROS production and cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation of circulating and BM mononuclear cells and increased BM and circulating EPCs levels. Overexpression of triple antioxidant enzymes effectively prevented ischaemia‐induced ROS production with significantly decreased cell apoptosis and preserved proliferation and significantly increased circulating EPCs level without significant changes in BM EPC populations, associated with enhanced recovery of blood flow and function of the ischemic limb. These data suggested that ischaemia‐induced ROS was differentially involved in the regulation of circulating EPC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Xingyi Que
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jia Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Children's hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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7
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Parolini C, Escalante-Alcalde D, Chiesa G. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 in vascular pathophysiology. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Bae YJ, Kim SE, Hong SY, Park T, Lee SG, Choi MS, Sung MK. Time-course microarray analysis for identifying candidate genes involved in obesity-associated pathological changes in the mouse colon. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:30. [PMID: 27895803 PMCID: PMC5120484 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is known to increase the risk of colorectal cancer. However, mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesity-induced colorectal cancer are not completely understood. The purposes of this study were to identify differentially expressed genes in the colon of mice with diet-induced obesity and to select candidate genes as early markers of obesity-associated abnormal cell growth in the colon. Methods C57BL/6N mice were fed normal diet (11% fat energy) or high-fat diet (40% fat energy) and were euthanized at different time points. Genome-wide expression profiles of the colon were determined at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Cluster analysis was performed using expression data of genes showing log2 fold change of ≥1 or ≤−1 (twofold change), based on time-dependent expression patterns, followed by virtual network analysis. Results High-fat diet-fed mice showed significant increase in body weight and total visceral fat weight over 12 weeks. Time-course microarray analysis showed that 50, 47, 36, and 411 genes were differentially expressed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. Ten cluster profiles representing distinguishable patterns of genes differentially expressed over time were determined. Cluster 4, which consisted of genes showing the most significant alterations in expression in response to high-fat diet over 12 weeks, included Apoa4 (apolipoprotein A-IV), Ppap2b (phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2B), Cel (carboxyl ester lipase), and Clps (colipase, pancreatic), which interacted strongly with surrounding genes associated with colorectal cancer or obesity. Conclusions Our data indicate that Apoa4, Ppap2b, Cel, and Clps are candidate early marker genes associated with obesity-related pathological changes in the colon. Genome-wide analyses performed in the present study provide new insights on selecting novel genes that may be associated with the development of diseases of the colon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0547-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Bae
- Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul Republic of Korea.,Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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9
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Yukiura H, Kano K, Kise R, Inoue A, Aoki J. LPP3 localizes LPA6 signalling to non-contact sites in endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3871-7. [PMID: 26345369 PMCID: PMC4657331 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is emerging as an angiogenic factor, because knockdown of the enzyme that produces it (autotaxin, also known as ENPP2) and its receptors cause severe developmental vascular defects in both mice and fish. In addition, overexpression of autotaxin in mice causes similar vascular defects, indicating that the extracellular amount of LPA must be tightly regulated. Here, we focused on an LPA-degrading enzyme, lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3, also known as PPAP2B), and showed that LPP3 was localized in specific cell–cell contact sites of endothelial cells and suppresses LPA signalling through the LPA6 receptor (also known as LPAR6). In HEK293 cells, overexpression of LPP3 dramatically suppressed activation of LPA6. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), LPA induced actin stress fibre formation through LPA6, which was substantially upregulated by LPP3 knockdown. LPP3 was localized to cell–cell contact sites and was missing in non-contact sites to which LPA-induced actin stress fibre formation mediated by LPA6 was restricted. Interestingly, the expression of LPP3 in HUVECs was dramatically increased after forskolin treatment in a process involving Notch signalling. These results indicate that LPP3 regulates and localizes LPA signalling in endothelial cells, thereby stabilizing vessels through Notch signalling for proper vasculature. Summary: In endothelial cells, the membrane-bound LPA-degrading enzyme LPP3 is specifically expressed at cell–cell contact sites, thereby localizing the signal evoked by extracellularly produced LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yukiura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fleming
- From the Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Tang X, Benesch MGK, Brindley DN. Lipid phosphate phosphatases and their roles in mammalian physiology and pathology. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2048-60. [PMID: 25814022 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r058362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a group of enzymes that belong to a phosphatase/phosphotransferase family. Mammalian LPPs consist of three isoforms: LPP1, LPP2, and LPP3. They share highly conserved catalytic domains and catalyze the dephosphorylation of a variety of lipid phosphates, including phosphatidate, lysophosphatidate (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide 1-phosphate, and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate. LPPs are integral membrane proteins, which are localized on plasma membranes with the active site on the outer leaflet. This enables the LPPs to degrade extracellular LPA and S1P, thereby attenuating their effects on the activation of surface receptors. LPP3 also exhibits noncatalytic effects at the cell surface. LPP expression on internal membranes, such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, facilitates the metabolism of internal lipid phosphates, presumably on the luminal surface of these organelles. This action probably explains the signaling effects of the LPPs, which occur downstream of receptor activation. The three isoforms of LPPs show distinct and nonredundant effects in several physiological and pathological processes including embryo development, vascular function, and tumor progression. This review is intended to present an up-to-date understanding of the physiological and pathological consequences of changing the activities of the different LPPs, especially in relation to cell signaling by LPA and S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Matthew G K Benesch
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Panchatcharam M, Salous AK, Brandon J, Miriyala S, Wheeler J, Patil P, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Escalante-Alcalde D, Smyth SS. Mice with targeted inactivation of ppap2b in endothelial and hematopoietic cells display enhanced vascular inflammation and permeability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:837-45. [PMID: 24504738 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3), encoded by the PPAP2B gene, is an integral membrane enzyme that dephosphorylates, and thereby terminates, the G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling actions of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate. LPP3 is essential for normal vascular development in mice, and a common PPAP2B polymorphism is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in humans. Herein, we investigate the function of endothelial LPP3 to understand its role in the development and human disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We developed mouse models with selective LPP3 deficiency in endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Tyrosine kinase Tek promoter-mediated inactivation of Ppap2b resulted in embryonic lethality because of vascular defects. LPP3 deficiency in adult mice, achieved using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre transgene under the control of the Tyrosine kinase Tek promoter, enhanced local and systemic inflammatory responses. Endothelial, but not hematopoietic, cell LPP3 deficiency led to significant increases in vascular permeability at baseline and enhanced sensitivity to inflammation-induced vascular leak. Endothelial barrier function was restored by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of either LPA production by the circulating lysophospholipase D autotaxin or of G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent LPA signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify a role for the autotaxin/LPA-signaling nexus as a mediator of endothelial permeability in inflammation and demonstrate that LPP3 limits these effects. These findings have implications for therapeutic targets to maintain vascular barrier function in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Panchatcharam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (M.P., A.K.S., J.B., S.M., J.W., P.P., M.S., A.J.M., S.S.S.); División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, Mexico (E.-A.); and Medical Service, Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (A.J.M., S.S.S.)
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Abstract
The understanding of the role of the sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling system in immunology and host defense has deepened exponentially over the past 12 years since the discovery that lymphocyte egress was reversibly modulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, and with the development of fingolimod, a prodrug of a nonselective S1P receptor agonist, for therapeutic use in the treatment of relapsing, remitting multiple sclerosis. Innovative genetic and chemical approaches, together with structural biology, now provide a more detailed molecular understanding of a regulated lysophospholipid ligand with a variety of autocrine, paracrine, and systemic effects in physiology and pathology, based upon selective interactions with a high affinity and selective evolutionary cluster of G-protein-coupled receptors.
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14
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Erbilgin A, Civelek M, Romanoski CE, Pan C, Hagopian R, Berliner JA, Lusis AJ. Identification of CAD candidate genes in GWAS loci and their expression in vascular cells. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1894-905. [PMID: 23667179 PMCID: PMC3679391 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m037085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 35 loci that significantly associate with coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility. The majority of the genes represented in these loci have not previously been studied in the context of atherosclerosis. To characterize the roles of these candidate genes in the vessel wall, we determined their expression levels in endothelial, smooth muscle, and macrophage cells isolated from healthy, prelesioned, and lesioned mouse aortas. We also performed expression quantitative locus (eQTL) mapping of these genes in human endothelial cells under control and proatherogenic conditions. Of the 57 genes studied, 31 were differentially expressed in one or more cell types in disease state in mice, and the expression levels of 8 were significantly associated with the CAD SNPs in human cells, 7 of which were also differentially expressed in mice. By integrating human and mouse results, we predict that PPAP2B, GALNT4, MAPKAPK5, TCTN1, SRR, SNF8, and ICAM1 play a causal role in the susceptibility to atherosclerosis through a role in the vasculature. Additionally, we highlight the genetic complexity of a subset of CAD loci through the differential expression of multiple candidate genes per locus and the involvement of genes that lie outside linkage disequilibrium blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Erbilgin
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Calvin Pan
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raffi Hagopian
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Judith A. Berliner
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Human Genetics, and David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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15
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Ren H, Panchatcharam M, Mueller P, Escalante-Alcalde D, Morris AJ, Smyth SS. Lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP3) and vascular development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1831:126-32. [PMID: 22835522 PMCID: PMC3683602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) are integral membrane proteins with broad substrate specificity that dephosphorylate lipid substrates including phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, ceramide 1-phosphate, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate. Although the three mammalian enzymes (LPP1-3) demonstrate overlapping catalytic activities and substrate preferences in vitro, the phenotypes of mice with targeted inactivation of the Ppap2 genes encoding the LPP enzymes reveal nonredundant functions. A specific role for LPP3 in vascular development has emerged from studies of mice lacking Ppap2b. A meta-analysis of multiple, large genome-wide association studies identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in PPAP2B as a novel predictor of coronary artery disease. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that links LPP3 to vascular development and disease and evaluate potential molecular mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ren
- The Gill Heart Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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16
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Panchatcharam M, Miriyala S, Salous A, Wheeler J, Dong A, Mueller P, Sunkara M, Escalante-Alcalde D, Morris AJ, Smyth SS. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 negatively regulates smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation to limit intimal hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 33:52-9. [PMID: 23104851 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) degrades bioactive lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thereby terminates their signaling effects. Although emerging evidence links lysophosphatidic acid to atherosclerosis and vascular injury responses, little is known about the role of vascular LPP3. The goal of this study was to determine the role of LPP3 in the development of vascular neointima formation and smooth muscle cells (SMC) responses. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that LPP3 is expressed in vascular SMC after experimental arterial injury. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we establish that a major function of LPP3 in isolated SMC cells is to attenuate proliferation (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) activity, Rho activation, and migration in response to serum and lysophosphatidic acid. These effects are at least partially a consequence of LPP3-catalyzed lysophosphatidic acid hydrolysis. Mice with selective inactivation of LPP3 in SMC display an exaggerated neointimal response to injury. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that LPP3 serves as an intrinsic negative regulator of SMC phenotypic modulation and inflammation after vascular injury, in part, by regulating lysophospholipid signaling. These findings may provide a mechanistic link to explain the association between a PPAP2B polymorphism and coronary artery disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, 255 BBRSB, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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17
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Kok BPC, Venkatraman G, Capatos D, Brindley DN. Unlike two peas in a pod: lipid phosphate phosphatases and phosphatidate phosphatases. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5121-46. [PMID: 22742522 DOI: 10.1021/cr200433m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P C Kok
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Translational Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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18
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Chatterjee I, Humtsoe JO, Kohler EE, Sorio C, Wary KK. Lipid phosphate phosphatase-3 regulates tumor growth via β-catenin and CYCLIN-D1 signaling. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:51. [PMID: 21569306 PMCID: PMC3112429 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acquisition of proliferative and invasive phenotypes is considered a hallmark of neoplastic transformation; however, the underlying mechanisms are less well known. Lipid phosphate phosphatase-3 (LPP3) not only catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to generate sphingosine but also may regulate embryonic development and angiogenesis via the Wnt pathway. The goal of this study was to determine the role of LPP3 in tumor cells. Results We observed increased expression of LPP3 in glioblastoma primary tumors and in U87 and U118 glioblastoma cell lines. We demonstrate that LPP3-knockdown inhibited both U87 and U118 glioblastoma cell proliferation in culture and tumor growth in xenograft assays. Biochemical experiments provided evidence that LPP3-knockdown reduced β-catenin, CYCLIN-D1, and CD133 expression, with a concomitant increase in phosphorylated β-catenin. In a converse experiment, the forced expression of LPP3 in human colon tumor (SW480) cells potentiated tumor growth via increased β-catenin stability and CYCLIN-D1 synthesis. In contrast, elevated expression of LPP3 had no tumorigenic effects on primary cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate for the first time an unexpected role of LPP3 in regulating glioblastoma progression by amplifying β-catenin and CYCLIN-D1 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chatterjee
- Dept of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, 835 S Wolcott, Room E403, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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19
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The globoside receptor triggers structural changes in the B19 virus capsid that facilitate virus internalization. J Virol 2010; 84:11737-46. [PMID: 20826697 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01143-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globoside (Gb4Cer), Ku80 autoantigen, and α5β1 integrin have been identified as cell receptors/coreceptors for human parvovirus B19 (B19V), but their role and mechanism of interaction with the virus are largely unknown. In UT7/Epo cells, expression of Gb4Cer and CD49e (integrin alpha-5) was high, but expression of Ku80 was insignificant. B19V colocalized with Gb4Cer and, to a lesser extent, with CD49e. However, only anti-Gb4Cer antibodies could disturb virus attachment. Only a small proportion of cell-bound viruses were internalized, while the majority became detached from the receptor. When added to uninfected cells, the receptor-detached virus showed superior cell binding capacity and infectivity. Attachment of B19V to cells triggered conformational changes in the capsid leading to the accessibility of the N terminus of VP1 (VP1u) to antibodies, which was maintained in the receptor-detached virus. VP1u became similarly accessible to antibodies following incubation of B19V particles with increasing concentrations of purified Gb4Cer. The receptor-mediated exposure of VP1u is critical for virus internalization, since capsids lacking VP1 could bind to cells but were not internalized. Moreover, an antibody against the N terminus of VP1u disturbed virus internalization, but only when present during and not after virus attachment, indicating the involvement of this region in binding events required for internalization. These results suggest that Gb4Cer is not only the primary receptor for B19V attachment but also the mediator of capsid rearrangements required for subsequent interactions leading to virus internalization. The capacity of the virus to detach and reattach again would enhance the probability of productive infections.
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20
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Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 stabilization of beta-catenin induces endothelial cell migration and formation of branching point structures. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:1593-606. [PMID: 20123964 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00038-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) migration, cell-cell adhesion, and the formation of branching point structures are considered hallmarks of angiogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms of these processes are not well understood. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) is a recently described p120-catenin-associated integrin ligand localized in adherens junctions (AJs) of ECs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that LPP3 stimulates beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (beta-catenin/LEF-1) to induce EC migration and formation of branching point structures. In subconfluent ECs, LPP3 induced expression of fibronectin via beta-catenin/LEF-1 signaling in a phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-dependent manner. In confluent ECs, depletion of p120-catenin restored LPP3-mediated beta-catenin/LEF-1 signaling. Depletion of LPP3 resulted in destabilization of beta-catenin, which in turn reduced fibronectin synthesis and deposition, which resulted in inhibition of EC migration. Accordingly, reexpression of beta-catenin but not p120-catenin in LPP3-depleted ECs restored de novo synthesis of fibronectin, which mediated EC migration and formation of branching point structures. In confluent ECs, however, a fraction of p120-catenin associated and colocalized with LPP3 at the plasma membrane, via the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain, thereby limiting the ability of LPP3 to stimulate beta-catenin/LEF-1 signaling. Thus, our study identified a key role for LPP3 in orchestrating PTEN-mediated beta-catenin/LEF-1 signaling in EC migration, cell-cell adhesion, and formation of branching point structures.
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21
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Bab-Dinitz E, Albeck S, Peleg Y, Brumfeld V, Gottschalk KE, Karlish SJD. A C-Terminal Lobe of the β Subunit of Na,K-ATPase and H,K-ATPase Resembles Cell Adhesion Molecules. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8684-91. [DOI: 10.1021/bi900868e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kay E. Gottschalk
- Department of Applied Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80799 München, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) regulate cell signaling by modifying the concentrations of lipid phosphates versus their dephosphorylated products. The ecto-activity regulates the availability of extracellular lysophosphatidate (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and thereby signaling by their respective receptors. LPP products (monoacylglycerol or sphingosine) are taken up by cells and rephosphorylated to produce LPA and S1P, respectively, which activate intracellular signaling cascades. The proposed integrin binding domain on the external surface of LPP3 modifies cell/cell interactions. Expression of LPPs on internal membranes controls signaling depending on the access of lipid phosphates to their active sites. Different LPPs perform distinct functions, probably based on integrin binding, their locations, and their abilities to metabolize different lipid phosphates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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23
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Escalante-Alcalde D, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Stewart CL. Generation of a conditional Ppap2b/Lpp3 null allele. Genesis 2007; 45:465-9. [PMID: 17610274 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lpp3, formerly known as Pap2b, is a lipid phosphohydrolase enzyme. Some of its substrates and products are lipids with potent biological and signaling activities such as phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, diacylglycerol, sphingosine, and ceramide. Lpp3 is dynamically expressed during development and is widely distributed in adult tissues. Targeted inactivation of Lpp3 gene (Ppap2b) in the mouse results in embryonic lethality because of defects in extraembryonic vascular development and gastrulation. To study the participation of Lpp3 later in development and in specific cell lineages we generated a conditional allele of Ppap2b. This was accomplished by flanking critical exons, responsible for its catalytic activity with loxP sites. A generalized Cre-mediated recombination of this allele yielded a phenotype fundamentally identical to our previously reported Ppap2b null allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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24
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Blais JD, Addison CL, Edge R, Falls T, Zhao H, Wary K, Koumenis C, Harding HP, Ron D, Holcik M, Bell JC. Perk-dependent translational regulation promotes tumor cell adaptation and angiogenesis in response to hypoxic stress. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:9517-32. [PMID: 17030613 PMCID: PMC1698539 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01145-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that the tumor microenvironment can promote tumor cell adaptation and survival. However, the mechanisms that influence malignant progression have not been clearly elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that cells cultured under hypoxic/anoxic conditions and transformed cells in hypoxic areas of tumors activate a translational control program known as the integrated stress response (ISR). Here, we show that tumors derived from K-Ras-transformed Perk(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are smaller and exhibit less angiogenesis than tumors with an intact ISR. Furthermore, Perk promotes a tumor microenvironment that favors the formation of functional microvessels. These observations were corroborated by a microarray analysis of polysome-bound RNA in aerobic and hypoxic Perk(+/+) and Perk(-/-) MEFs. This analysis revealed that a subset of proangiogenic transcripts is preferentially translated in a Perk-dependent manner; these transcripts include VCIP, an adhesion molecule that promotes cellular adhesion, integrin binding, and capillary morphogenesis. Taken with the concomitant Perk-dependent translational induction of additional proangiogenic genes identified by our microarray analysis, this study suggests that Perk plays a role in tumor cell adaptation to hypoxic stress by regulating the translation of angiogenic factors necessary for the development of functional microvessels and further supports the contention that the Perk pathway could be an attractive target for novel antitumor modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Hypoxia/enzymology
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/enzymology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Stress, Physiological/enzymology
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
- eIF-2 Kinase/deficiency
- eIF-2 Kinase/genetics
- eIF-2 Kinase/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime D Blais
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 1C4, Canada
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25
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Wary KK, Humtsoe JO. Anti-lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3 (LPP3) antibody inhibits bFGF- and VEGF-induced capillary morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2005; 3:9. [PMID: 16076388 PMCID: PMC1201157 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis, or the remodeling of existing vasculature serves as a lifeline to nourish developing embryos and starved tissues, and to accelerate wound healing, diabetic retinopathy, and tumor progression. Recent studies indicate that angiogenesis requires growth factor activity as well as cell adhesion events mediated by α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. We previously demonstrated that human lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3 (LPP3) acts as a cell-associated ligand for α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Here, we test the hypothesis that an anti-LPP3 antibody can inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary morphogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs). Results We report that bFGF and VEGF up-regulate LPP3 protein expression in ECs. Immunoprecipitation analyses show that LPP3 is a cell surface protein and undergoes N-glycosylation. Fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) data suggest that anti-LPP3-RGD detects native neoepitope on the surface of activated ECs. Moreover, we demonstrate LPP3 protein expression in tumor endothelium alongside VEGF. The embedding of ECs into three-dimensional type I collagen in the presence of bFGF and VEGF induce capillary formation. Importantly, we show that the addition of an anti-LPP3 antibody specifically and significantly blocks bFGF- and VEGF-induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs. Conclusion These data suggest that activated ECs as well as tumor endothelium express LPP3 protein. In an in vitro assay, the anti-LPP3-RGD specifically blocks bFGF and VEGF induced capillary morphogenesis of ECs. Our results, therefore, suggest a role for LPP3 in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Wary
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Texas Medical Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston TX-77030, USA
| | - Joseph O Humtsoe
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Texas Medical Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston TX-77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Ave., CA-94143, USA
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