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Palma FR, Gantner BN, Sakiyama MJ, Kayzuka C, Shukla S, Lacchini R, Cunniff B, Bonini MG. ROS production by mitochondria: function or dysfunction? Oncogene 2024; 43:295-303. [PMID: 38081963 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ATP generation is generally viewed as the primary function of mitochondria under normoxic conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in contrast, are regarded as the by-products of respiration, and are widely associated with dysfunction and disease. Important signaling functions have been demonstrated for mitochondrial ROS in recent years. Still, their chemical reactivity and capacity to elicit oxidative damage have reinforced the idea that ROS are the products of dysfunctional mitochondria that accumulate during disease. Several studies support a different model, however, by showing that: (1) limited oxygen availability results in mitochondria prioritizing ROS production over ATP, (2) ROS is an essential adaptive mitochondrial signal triggered by various important stressors, and (3) while mitochondria-independent ATP production can be easily engaged by most cells, there is no known replacement for ROS-driven redox signaling. Based on these observations and other evidence reviewed here, we highlight the role of ROS production as a major mitochondrial function involved in cellular adaptation and stress resistance. As such, we propose a rekindled view of ROS production as a primary mitochondrial function as essential to life as ATP production itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R Palma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo J Sakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cezar Kayzuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Al Kawas H, Saaid I, Jank P, Westhoff CC, Denkert C, Pross T, Weiler KBS, Karsten MM. How VEGF-A and its splice variants affect breast cancer development - clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:227-239. [PMID: 35303290 PMCID: PMC9050780 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered expression levels and structural variations in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been found to play important roles in cancer development and to be associated with the overall survival and therapy response of cancer patients. Particularly VEGF-A and its splice variants have been found to affect physiological and pathological angiogenic processes, including tumor angiogenesis, correlating with tumor progression, mostly caused by overexpression. This review focuses on the expression and impact of VEGF-A splice variants under physiologic conditions and in tumors and, in particular, the distribution and role of isoform VEGF165b in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Many publications already highlighted the importance of VEGF-A and its splice variants in tumor therapy, especially in breast cancer, which are summarized in this review. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that cytoplasmatic VEGFA/165b expression is higher in invasive breast cancer tumor cells than in normal tissues or stroma. These examples show that the detection of VEGF splice variants can be performed also on the protein level in formalin fixed tissues. Although no quantitative conclusions can be drawn, these results may be the starting point for further studies at a quantitative level, which can be a major step towards the design of targeted antibody-based (breast) cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hivin Al Kawas
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inas Saaid
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Therese Pross
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maria Margarete Karsten
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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CIP4 targeted to recruit GTP-Cdc42 involving in invadopodia formation via NF-κB signaling pathway promotes invasion and metastasis of CRC. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:873-886. [PMID: 35317515 PMCID: PMC8924540 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4), a member of the F-BAR family, which plays an important role in regulating cell membrane and actin, has been reported to interact with Cdc42 and be closely associated with tumor invadopodia formation. In this study, we found that CIP4 expression was significantly higher in human CRC tissues and correlated with the CRC infiltrating depth and metastasis, as well as the lower survival rate in patients. In cultured CRC cells, knockdown of CIP4 inhibited cell migration and invasion ability in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, while the overexpression of CIP4 promoted invadopodia formation and matrix degradation ability. We then identified GTP-Cdc42 as a directly interactive protein of CIP4, which was upregulated and recruited by CIP4. Furthermore, activated NF-κB signaling pathway was found in CIP4 overexpression of CRC cells contributing to invadopodia formation, while the inhibition of either CIP4 or Cdc42 led to the suppression of the NF-κB pathway and resulted in a decreased quantity of invadopodia. Our findings suggested that CIP4 targets to recruit GTP-Cdc42 and directly combines with it to accelerate invadopodia formation and function by activating NF-κB signaling pathway, thus promoting CRC infiltration and metastasis.
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4
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Blue RE, Curry EG, Engels NM, Lee EY, Giudice J. How alternative splicing affects membrane-trafficking dynamics. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs216465. [PMID: 29769303 PMCID: PMC6031328 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell biology field has outstanding working knowledge of the fundamentals of membrane-trafficking pathways, which are of critical importance in health and disease. Current challenges include understanding how trafficking pathways are fine-tuned for specialized tissue functions in vivo and during development. In parallel, the ENCODE project and numerous genetic studies have revealed that alternative splicing regulates gene expression in tissues and throughout development at a post-transcriptional level. This Review summarizes recent discoveries demonstrating that alternative splicing affects tissue specialization and membrane-trafficking proteins during development, and examines how this regulation is altered in human disease. We first discuss how alternative splicing of clathrin, SNAREs and BAR-domain proteins influences endocytosis, secretion and membrane dynamics, respectively. We then focus on the role of RNA-binding proteins in the regulation of splicing of membrane-trafficking proteins in health and disease. Overall, our aim is to comprehensively summarize how trafficking is molecularly influenced by alternative splicing and identify future directions centered on its physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eric Blue
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ennessa G Curry
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nichlas M Engels
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eunice Y Lee
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jimena Giudice
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Cdc42-Interacting Protein 4 Represses E-Cadherin Expression by Promoting β-Catenin Translocation to the Nucleus in Murine Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19170-83. [PMID: 26287173 PMCID: PMC4581292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an inevitable outcome of end-stage chronic kidney disease. During this process, epithelial cells lose E-cadherin expression. β-Catenin may act as a mediator by accumulation and translocation to the nucleus. Studies have suggested that CIP4, a Cdc42 effector protein, is associated with β-catenin. However, whether CIP4 contributes to E-cadherin loss in epithelial cells by regulating β-catenin translocation is unclear. In this study, we investigated the involvement of CIP4 in β-catenin translocation. Expression of CIP4 was upregulated in renal tissues of 5/6 nephrectomized rats and mainly distributed in renal tubular epithelia. In TGF-β1-treated NRK-52E cells, upregulation of CIP4 expression was accompanied by reduced expression of E-cadherin. CIP4 overexpression promoted the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus, which was accompanied by reduced expression of E-cadherin even without TGF-β1 stimulation. In contrast, CIP4 depletion by using siRNA inhibited the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and reversed the decrease in expression of E-cadherin. The interaction between CIP4 and β-catenin was detected. We also show that β-catenin depletion could restore the expression of E-cadherin that was suppressed by CIP4 overexpression. In conclusion, these results suggest that CIP4 overexpression represses E-cadherin expression by promoting β-catenin translocation to the nucleus.
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6
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CIP4 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncogene 2014; 34:3527-35. [PMID: 25174397 PMCID: PMC4978543 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is linked to tumor progression, metastasis, and poor survival rates. Here, we report the role of Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4) in the regulation of NSCLC cell invasiveness and tumor metastasis. CIP4 was highly expressed in a panel of NSCLC cell lines and normal lung epithelial cell lines. Stable knock-down (KD) of CIP4 in lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cells, expressing wild-type EGFR, led to increased EGFR levels on the cell surface, and defects in sustained activation of Erk kinase in H1299 cells treated with EGF. CIP4 localized to leading edge projections in NSCLC cells, and CIP4 KD cells displayed defects in EGF-induced cell motility and invasion through extracellular matrix. This correlated with reduced expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in CIP4 KD cells compared to control. In xenograft assays, CIP4 silencing had no effect on tumor growth, but resulted in significant defects in spontaneous metastases to the lungs from these subcutaneous tumors. This correlated with reduced expression of the Erk target gene Zeb1, and the Zeb1 target gene MMP-2 in CIP4 KD tumors compared to control. CIP4 also enhanced rates of metastasis to the liver and lungs in an intrasplenic experimental metastasis model. In human NSCLC tumor sections, CIP4 expression was elevated ≥ 2-fold in 43% of adenocarcinomas and 32% of squamous carcinomas compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. Analysis of microarray data for NSCLC patients also revealed that high CIP4 transcript levels correlated with reduced overall survival. Together, these results identify CIP4 as a positive regulator of NSCLC metastasis, and a potential poor prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Chen Y, Aardema J, Corey SJ. Biochemical and functional significance of F-BAR domain proteins interaction with WASP/N-WASP. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:280-6. [PMID: 23384583 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain family of proteins includes groups which promote positive (classical BAR, N-BAR, and F-BAR) and negative (I-BAR) membrane deformation. Of these groups, the F-BAR subfamily is the most diverse in its biochemical properties. F-BAR domain proteins dimerize to form a tight scaffold about the membrane. The F-BAR domain provides a banana-shaped, alpha-helical structure that senses membrane curvature. Different types of F-BAR domain proteins contain tyrosine kinase or GTPase activities; some interact with phosphatases and RhoGTPases. Most possess an SH3 domain that facilitates the recruitment and activation of WASP/N-WASP. Thus, F-BAR domain proteins affect remodeling of both membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of F-BAR proteins in coupling WASP/N-WASP to cytoskeletal remodeling. A role for F-BAR/WASP interaction in human diseases affecting nervous, blood, and neoplastic tissues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
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8
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Bai S, Zeng R, Zhou Q, Liao W, Zhang Y, Xu C, Han M, Pei G, Liu L, Liu X, Yao Y, Xu G. Cdc42-interacting protein-4 promotes TGF-Β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:859-69. [PMID: 22745576 PMCID: PMC3385008 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42-interacting protein-4 (CIP4) is an F-BAR (Fer/CIP4 and Bin, amphiphysin, Rvs) family member that regulates membrane deformation and endocytosis, playing a key role in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and invasion of cancer cells. These processes are analogous to those observed during the initial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells. The role of CIP4 in renal tubular EMT and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was investigated over the course of the current study, demonstrating that the expression of CIP4 increased in the tubular epithelia of 5/6-nephrectomized rats and TGF-β1 treated HK-2 cells. Endogenous CIP4 evidenced punctate localization throughout the cytosol, with elevated levels observed in the perinuclear region of HK-2 cells. Subsequent to TGF-β1 treatment, CIP4 expression increased, forming clusters at the cell periphery that gradually redistributed into the cytoplasm. Simultaneously, EMT induction in cells was confirmed by the prevalence of morphological changes, loss of E-cadherin, increase in α-SMA expression, and secretion of fibronectin. Overexpression of CIP4 promoted characteristics similar to those commonly observed in EMT, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules capable of CIP4 knockdown were used to demonstrate reversed EMT. Cumulatively, results of the current study suggest that CIP4 promotes TGF-β1-induced EMT in tubular epithelial cells. Through this mechanism, CIP4 is capable of inducing ECM deposition and exacerbating progressive fibrosis in chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Bai
- Devision of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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9
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The BAR Domain Superfamily Proteins from Subcellular Structures to Human Diseases. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:91-117. [PMID: 24957964 PMCID: PMC4021885 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have complicated membrane systems. The outermost plasma membrane contains various substructures, such as invaginations and protrusions, which are involved in endocytosis and cell migration. Moreover, the intracellular membrane compartments, such as autophagosomes and endosomes, are essential for cellular viability. The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167 (BAR) domain superfamily proteins are important players in membrane remodeling through their structurally determined membrane binding surfaces. A variety of BAR domain superfamily proteins exist, and each family member appears to be involved in the formation of certain subcellular structures or intracellular membrane compartments. Most of the BAR domain superfamily proteins contain SH3 domains, which bind to the membrane scission molecule, dynamin, as well as the actin regulatory WASP/WAVE proteins and several signal transduction molecules, providing possible links between the membrane and the cytoskeleton or other machineries. In this review, we summarize the current information about each BAR superfamily protein with an SH3 domain(s). The involvement of BAR domain superfamily proteins in various diseases is also discussed.
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Fricke R, Gohl C, Bogdan S. The F-BAR protein family Actin' on the membrane. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:89-94. [PMID: 20585497 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.2.10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight spatio-temporal coordination of the machineries controlling actin dynamics and membrane remodelling is crucial for a huge variety of cellular processes that shape cells into a multicellular organism. Dynamic membrane remodelling is achieved by a functional relationship between proteins that control plasma membrane curvature, membrane fission and nucleation of new actin filaments. The BAR/F-BAR-domain-containing proteins are prime candidates to couple plasma membrane curvature and actin dynamics in different morphogenetic processes. Here, we discuss recent findings on the membrane-shaping proteins of the F-BAR domain subfamily and how they regulate morphogenetic processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fricke
- Institut für Neurobiologie; Wilhelms-University; Münster; Münster, Germany
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11
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Kabaso D, Gongadze E, Elter P, van Rienen U, Gimsa J, Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A. Attachment of rod-like (BAR) proteins and membrane shape. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 11:272-82. [PMID: 21428902 PMCID: PMC3343385 DOI: 10.2174/138955711795305353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that cellular function depends on rod-like membrane proteins, among them Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) proteins may curve the membrane leading to physiologically important membrane invaginations and membrane protrusions. The membrane shaping induced by BAR proteins has a major role in various biological processes such as cell motility and cell growth. Different models of binding of BAR domains to the lipid bilayer are described. The binding includes hydrophobic insertion loops and electrostatic interactions between basic amino acids at the concave region of the BAR domain and negatively charged lipids. To shed light on the elusive binding dynamics, a novel experiment is proposed to expand the technique of single-molecule AFM for the traction of binding energy of a single BAR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kabaso
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Pichot CS, Arvanitis C, Hartig SM, Jensen SA, Bechill J, Marzouk S, Yu J, Frost JA, Corey SJ. Cdc42-interacting protein 4 promotes breast cancer cell invasion and formation of invadopodia through activation of N-WASp. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8347-56. [PMID: 20940394 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the earliest stages of metastasis, breast cancer cells must reorganize the cytoskeleton to affect cell shape change and promote cell invasion and motility. These events require the cytoskeletal regulators Cdc42 and Rho, their effectors such as N-WASp/WAVE, and direct inducers of actin polymerization such as Arp2/3. Little consideration has been given to molecules that shape the cell membrane. The F-BAR proteins CIP4, TOCA-1, and FBP17 generate membrane curvature and act as scaffolding proteins for activated Cdc42 and N-WASp. We found that expression of CIP4, but not TOCA-1 or FBP17, was increased in invasive breast cancer cell lines in comparison with weakly or noninvasive breast cancer cell lines. Endogenous CIP4 localized to the leading edge of migrating cells and to invadopodia in cells invading gelatin. Because CIP4 serves as a scaffolding protein for Cdc42, Src, and N-WASp, we tested whether loss of CIP4 could result in decreased N-WASp function. Interaction between CIP4 and N-WASp was epidermal growth factor responsive, and CIP4 silencing by small interfering RNA caused decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of N-WASp at a Src-dependent activation site (Y256). CIP4 silencing also impaired the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and was associated with decreased formation of invadopodia and gelatin degradation. This study presents a new role for CIP4 in the promotion of migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and establishes the contribution of F-BAR proteins to cancer cell motility and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Pichot
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Untranslated regions of thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 mRNA are impaired in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:995-1005. [PMID: 20691260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) is a hormone-dependent transcription factor activated by 3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine (T3). TRβ1 functions as a tumor suppressor and disturbances of the THRB gene are frequent findings in cancer. Translational control mediated by untranslated regions (UTRs) regulates cell proliferation, metabolism and responses to cellular stress, processes that are involved in carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that reduced TRβ1 expression in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) results from regulatory effects of TRβ1 5' and 3'UTRs on protein translation. We determined TRβ1 expression and alternative splicing of TRβ1 5' and 3'UTRs in ccRCC and control tissue together with expression of the type 1 deiodinase enzyme (coded by DIO1, a TRβ1 target gene). Tissue concentrations of T3 (which are generated in part by D1) and expression of miRNA-204 (an mRNA inhibitor for which a putative interaction site was identified in the TRβ1 3'UTR) were also determined. TRβ1 mRNA and protein levels were reduced by 70% and 91% in ccRCC and accompanied by absent D1 protein, a 58% reduction in tissue T3 concentration and 2-fold increase in miRNA-204. Structural analysis of TRβ1 UTR variants indicated that reduced TRβ1 expression may be maintained in ccRCC by posttranscriptional mechanisms involving 5'UTRs and miRNA-204. The tumor suppressor activity of TRβ1 indicates that reduced TRβ1 expression and tissue hypothyroidism in ccRCC tumors is likely to be involved in the process of carcinogenesis or in maintaining a proliferative advantage to malignant cells.
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Suetsugu S. The proposed functions of membrane curvatures mediated by the BAR domain superfamily proteins. J Biochem 2010; 148:1-12. [PMID: 20435640 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane, the outermost surface of eukaryotic cells, contains various substructures, such as protrusions or invaginations, which are associated with diverse functions, including endocytosis and cell migration. These structures of the plasma membrane can be considered as tubules or inverted tubules (protrusions) of the membrane. There are six modes of membrane curvature at the plasma membrane, which are classified by the positive or negative curvature and the location of the curvature (tip, neck or shaft of the tubules). The BAR domain superfamily proteins have structurally determined positive and negative curvatures of membrane contact at their BAR, F-BAR and I-BAR domains, which generate and maintain such curved membranes by binding to the membrane. Importantly, the SH3 domains of the BAR domain superfamily proteins bind to the actin regulatory WASP/WAVE proteins, and the BAR/F-BAR/I-BAR domain-SH3 unit could orient the actin filaments towards the membrane for each subcellular structure. These membrane tubulations are also considered to function in membrane fusion and fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suetsugu
- Laboratory of Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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15
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Aspenström P. Roles of F-BAR/PCH proteins in the regulation of membrane dynamics and actin reorganization. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 272:1-31. [PMID: 19121815 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Pombe Cdc15 Homology (PCH) proteins have emerged in many species as important coordinators of signaling pathways that regulate actomyosin assembly and membrane dynamics. The hallmark of the PCH proteins is the presence of a Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvsp (F-BAR) domain; therefore they are commonly referred to as F-BAR proteins. The prototype F-BAR protein, Cdc15p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has a role in the formation of the contractile actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. Vertebrate F-BAR proteins have an established role in binding phospholipids and they participate in membrane deformations, for instance, during the internalization of transmembrane receptors. This way the F-BAR proteins will function as linkers between the actin polymerization apparatus and the machinery regulating membrane dynamics. Interestingly, some members of the F-BAR proteins are implicated in inflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders and the observations can be expected to have clinical implications for the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Pritchard-Jones RO, Dunn DBA, Qiu Y, Varey AHR, Orlando A, Rigby H, Harper SJ, Bates DO. Expression of VEGF(xxx)b, the inhibitory isoforms of VEGF, in malignant melanoma. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:223-30. [PMID: 17595666 PMCID: PMC2360298 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most lethal of the skin cancers and the UK incidence is rising faster than that of any other cancer. Angiogenesis – the growth of new vessels from preexisting vasculature – is an absolute requirement for tumour survival and progression beyond a few hundred microns in diameter. We previously described a class of anti-angiogenic isoforms of VEGF, VEGFxxxb, that inhibit tumour growth in animal models, and are downregulated in some cancers, but have not been investigated in melanoma. To determine whether VEGFxxxb expression was altered in melanoma, PCR and immunohistochemistry of archived human tumour samples were used. In normal epidermis and in a proportion of melanoma samples, VEGFxxxb staining was seen. Some melanomas had much weaker staining. Subsequent examination revealed that expression was significantly reduced in primary melanoma samples (both horizontal and vertical growth phases) from patients who subsequently developed tumour metastasis compared with those who did not (analysis of variance (ANOVA) P<0.001 metastatic vs nonmetastatic), irrespective of tumour thickness, while the surrounding epidermis showed no difference in expression. Staining for total VEGF expression showed staining in metastatic and nonmetastatic melanomas, and normal epidermis. An absence of VEGFxxxb expression appears to predict metastatic spread in patients with primary melanoma. These results suggest that there is a switch in splicing as part of the metastatic process, from anti-angiogenic to pro-angiogenic VEGF isoforms. This may form part of a wider metastatic splicing phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Pritchard-Jones
- Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D B A Dunn
- Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Y Qiu
- Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A H R Varey
- Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Orlando
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - H Rigby
- Department of Pathology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - S J Harper
- Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D O Bates
- Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Southwell Street, Bristol BS2 8EJ, UK. E-mail:
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17
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Chitu V, Stanley ER. Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins: coordinators of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:145-56. [PMID: 17296299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion, motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis involve the coordinated reorganization of the cytoskeleton and of the plasma membrane. The 'Pombe Cdc15 homology' (PCH) family of adaptor proteins has recently been shown to coordinate the membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics involved in these processes by curving membranes, recruiting dynamin and controlling the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in PCH family members or proteins that interact with them are associated with autoinflammatory, neurological or neoplastic diseases. Here, we review the nature, actions and disease associations of the vertebrate PCH family members, highlighting their fundamental roles in the regulation of processes involving membrane-cytoskeletal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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18
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Aspenström P, Fransson A, Richnau N. Pombe Cdc15 homology proteins: regulators of membrane dynamics and the actin cytoskeleton. Trends Biochem Sci 2006; 31:670-9. [PMID: 17074490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pombe Cdc15 homology (PCH) proteins have emerged in many species as important coordinators of signalling pathways that regulate actomyosin assembly and membrane dynamics. For example, the prototype PCH protein, Cdc15p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, has a role in assembly of the contractile ring, which is needed to separate dividing cells. Recently, mammalian PCH proteins have been found to bind phospholipids and to participate in membrane deformation. These findings suggest that PCH proteins are crucial linkers of membrane dynamics and actin polymerization, for example, during the internalization of transmembrane receptors. Intriguingly, some members of the PCH protein family are mutated in neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, which has implications for the identification of cures for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Aspenström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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