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Nana FA, Lamberts V, Hoton D, Stanciu CP, Lecocq M, Carlier FM, Duplaquet F, Pirard L, Pilette C, Bihin B, Ocak S. Restin protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2302-2309. [PMID: 37365889 PMCID: PMC10423652 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restin is a member of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) superfamily. Its expression has been reported to be up- or downregulated in cancer. Preclinical data suggest it is a tumor suppressor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate restin expression and prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Restin expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in three tissue microarrays consisting of formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded NSCLC specimens from 113 patients, represented in triplicate. Restin staining H-score was the result of the staining intensity (0-no, 1-weak, 2-moderate, and 3-strong) multiplied by the percentage of stained tumor cells; it was defined as low if 1-100, moderate if 101-200, and strong if 201-300. Haverage-score was the average H-score in the triplicate. Restin Haverage-scores were tested for correlations with clinical and pathological characteristics and patient outcome. RESULTS Restin expression was localized to the cytoplasm, with nuclear enhancement, of 112/113 (99.1%) NSCLCs. Restin Haverage-scores were 0 in 1/113 (0.88%), low in 15/113 (13.3%), moderate in 48/113 (42.5%), and strong in 49/113 (43.4%) NSCLCs. Restin Haverage-scores did not correlate with NSCLC histological subtype, disease stage, recurrence/progression-free, or overall survival. CONCLUSION Restin is moderately to strongly expressed in the majority of NSCLC tumors but its expression has no prognostic value in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Aboubakar Nana
- Division of PulmonologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Delphine Hoton
- Department of PathologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Marylène Lecocq
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
- Division of Pulmonology, CHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
| | | | | | - Charles Pilette
- Division of PulmonologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Benoît Bihin
- Scientific Support Unit, CHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
| | - Sebahat Ocak
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
- Division of Pulmonology, CHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
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Arora M, Kumari S, Singh J, Chopra A, Chauhan SS. Downregulation of Brain Enriched Type 2 MAGEs Is Associated With Immune Infiltration and Poor Prognosis in Glioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573378. [PMID: 33425727 PMCID: PMC7787151 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma associated antigen (MAGE) is an extensively studied family of tumor-associated genes that share a common MAGE homology domain (MHD). Based upon their expression pattern, MAGE genes have been broadly classified into type 1 MAGEs (T1Ms) and type 2 MAGEs (T2Ms) categories. Interestingly, several T2Ms are highly expressed in the brain and involved in the regulation of neuronal development, differentiation, and survival. Available literature suggests possible tumor suppressor functions of a few T2Ms, while information available about their expression, regulation, and clinical significance in glioma is scanty. This prompted us to perform a comprehensive analysis of T2M expression in glioma. Gene expression data from glioma datasets: Oncomine, TCGA, and REMBRANDT study, were used to assess the mRNA expression of T2M genes (MAGED1, MAGED2, MAGED3, MAGED4, MAGED4B, MAGEE1, MAGEE2, MAGEF1, MAGEH1, MAGEL2, NSMCE3, and NDN), and their association with clinical characteristics and composition of the tumor microenvironment. Further, mutation, copy number alteration, and DNA methylation data from TCGA were assessed for determining potential mechanisms of T2Ms expression in glioma. Expression analysis revealed overexpression of MAGED subfamily genes in glioma, while other genes of this family exhibited reduced expression in advanced grades of this malignancy. Further, the expression of T2Ms exhibited varying extent of positive correlations with each other. Amongst downregulated T2Ms, MAGEH1 expression exhibited negative correlations with DNA methylation. Additionally, genes associated with MAGEH1 were enriched in Myc and Hedgehog signaling. Furthermore, T2Ms downregulation was associated with immune infiltration in glioma tissues and poor overall survival of glioma patients. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, MAGEH1 emerged as an independent prognosticator in lower grade glioma. Conclusively, these results suggest that expression of T2Ms is associated with important clinical and molecular features in glioma. Mechanistic studies may further provide novel insights into their role in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (Dr. BRA-IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hamada H, Yamamura M, Ohi H, Kobayashi Y, Niwa K, Oyama T, Mano Y, Asai M, Tanuma SI, Uchiumi F. Characterization of the human zinc finger nfx‑1‑type containing 1 encoding ZNFX1 gene and its response to 12‑O‑tetradecanoyl‑13‑acetate in HL‑60 cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:896-904. [PMID: 31432148 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human promyelocytic HL‑60 cells can be differentiated into macrophage‑like cells by treatment with 12‑O‑tetra decanoylphorbol‑13‑acetate (TPA). Certain 5' upstream regions of the zinc finger protein (ZNF)‑encoding genes contain duplicated GGAA motifs, which are frequently found in the TPA‑responding gene promoter regions. To examine transcriptional responses to TPA, 5'flanking regions of human zinc finger CCCH‑type containing, antiviral, ZNF252, ZNF343, ZNF555, ZNF782 and zinc finger nfx‑1‑type containing 1 (ZNFX1) genes were isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligated into a multiple‑cloning site of the pGL4.10[luc2] vector. Transient transfection and a luciferase assay revealed that the ZNFX1 promoter most prominently responded to the TPA treatment. Deletion and point mutation experiments indicated that the duplicated GGAA motif in the 100‑bp region positively responded to TPA. In addition, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting showed that the mRNA and protein of ZNFX1 accumulate during the differentiation of HL‑60 cells. These results indicated that expression of the TPA‑inducible ZNFX1 gene, which belongs to the group of interferon‑responsive genes, is regulated by the cis‑action of the duplicated GGAA motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hamada
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Mayu Yamamura
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Yota Kobayashi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Niwa
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mano
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Asai
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda‑shi, Chiba‑ken 278‑8510, Japan
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Lu Z, Jiao D, Qiao J, Yang S, Yan M, Cui S, Liu Z. Restin suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis in breast cancer cells through upregulating mir-200a/b expression via association with p73. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:102. [PMID: 25972084 PMCID: PMC4429374 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Restin belongs to MAGE superfamily and is known as MAGE H1. Restin was firstly cloned from HL-60 cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Previous studies showed a pro-apoptotic role of Restin in several cell lines. However, little information is available on its expression patterns and functions in vivo. Our study was performed to detect if Restin plays a role in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods and results Real-time PCR and western blot were conducted to detect Restin expression in multiple breast cancer cell lines and Restin level was negatively related with cell motility. Restin overexpression and knockdown stable cell lines were established by transducing lentivirus into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell morphology, wound closure assay, transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to detect if Restin inhibited EMT. Our data showed that Restin overexpressed cells exhibited classical epithelial cell morphology, and Restin overexpression resulted in activation of epithelial markers and suppression of mesenchymal markers, and inhibition of cell migration and invasion. Tumor xenograft model was used to characterize the biological functions of Restin in vivo. We found that Restin overexpression led to reduced lung metastasis. Real-time PCR, western blot, luciferase assay and ChIP assay were performed to identify the potential targets of Restin and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Among several master regulators of EMT, only ZEB1/2 levels were dramatically inhibited by Restin. Unexpectedly, Restin indirectly regulated ZEB1/2 expression at post-transcriptional level. We further identified mir-200a/b, well-characterized mediators controlling ZEB1/2 expression, were transcriptionally activated by Restin and the regulation was dependent on the p53 binding site in mir-200b/a/429 promoter. Further mechanical studies demonstrated Restin interacted with p73, one of p53 family members, which contributed to Restin-mediated activation of mir-200a/b and suppression of ZEB1/2. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that Restin inhibits EMT and tumor metastasis by controlling the expression of the tumor metastasis suppressor mir-200a/b via association with p73. Our findings not only establish a mechanistic link between Restin, EMT and tumor metastasis, but also provide strong evidence supporting the notion that MAGE Group II proteins may exert a tumor suppressive effect in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0370-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenduo Lu
- Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dechuang Jiao
- Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianghua Qiao
- Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, #100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shude Cui
- Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast surgery, Breast Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, #127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China.
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Ito H, Tanaka K, Hagiwara K, Kobayashi M, Hoshikawa A, Mizutani N, Takagi A, Kojima T, Sobue S, Ichihara M, Suzuki M, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Nakamura M, Banno Y, Nozawa Y, Murate T. Transcriptional regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 in all-trans retinoic acid-treated human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. J Biochem 2012; 151:599-610. [PMID: 22496486 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on sphingomyelinase expression were examined using MCF-7 (ATRA-sensitive) and MDA-MB-231 (ATRA-resistant) breast cancer cells. Increased NSMase activity, NSMase2 mRNA and protein were observed in ATRA-treated MCF-7 but not in ATRA-treated MDA-MB-231. Increased NSMase2 mRNA of ATRA-treated MCF-7 was mostly due to enhanced transcription. Promoter analysis revealed the important 5'-promoter region of NSMase2 between -148 and -42 bp containing three Sp1 sites but no retinoic acid responsive elements. Experiments using mutated Sp1 sites of the NSMase2 promoter, Mithramycin A (a Sp inhibitor) and Sp family over-expression demonstrated the importance of Sp family protein and the three Sp1 sites for ATRA-induced NSMase2 transcription of MCF-7 cells. Although no quantitative change of bound Sp1 on NSMase2 promoter region after ATRA treatment was detected, Sp1 phosphorylation (activation) by ATRA was observed. Interestingly, PKCδ was involved in ATRA-induced increased NSMase2 transcription. ATRA-induced PKCδ phosphorylation and then activated PKCδ phosphorylated Sp1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed Sp1, RARα and RXRα complex formation in MCF-7 cells regardless of ATRA treatment and ATRA-induced acetylated histone H3 of the 5'-promoter. Thus, NSMase2 mRNA expression enhanced by ATRA was due to increased transcription via phosphorylated Sp1 caused by PKCδ activation, followed by chromatin remodelling with histone H3 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ito
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Meier D, Schindler D. Fanconi anemia core complex gene promoters harbor conserved transcription regulatory elements. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22911. [PMID: 21826217 PMCID: PMC3149625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) gene family is a recent addition to the complex network of proteins that respond to and repair certain types of DNA damage in the human genome. Since little is known about the regulation of this novel group of genes at the DNA level, we characterized the promoters of the eight genes (FANCA, B, C, E, F, G, L and M) that compose the FA core complex. The promoters of these genes show the characteristic attributes of housekeeping genes, such as a high GC content and CpG islands, a lack of TATA boxes and a low conservation. The promoters functioned in a monodirectional way and were, in their most active regions, comparable in strength to the SV40 promoter in our reporter plasmids. They were also marked by a distinctive transcriptional start site (TSS). In the 5' region of each promoter, we identified a region that was able to negatively regulate the promoter activity in HeLa and HEK 293 cells in isolation. The central and 3' regions of the promoter sequences harbor binding sites for several common and rare transcription factors, including STAT, SMAD, E2F, AP1 and YY1, which indicates that there may be cross-connections to several established regulatory pathways. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and siRNA experiments confirmed the shared regulatory responses between the prominent members of the TGF-β and JAK/STAT pathways and members of the FA core complex. Although the promoters are not well conserved, they share region and sequence specific regulatory motifs and transcription factor binding sites (TBFs), and we identified a bi-partite nature to these promoters. These results support a hypothesis based on the co-evolution of the FA core complex genes that was expanded to include their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meier
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
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Terao M, Fratelli M, Kurosaki M, Zanetti A, Guarnaccia V, Paroni G, Tsykin A, Lupi M, Gianni M, Goodall GJ, Garattini E. Induction of miR-21 by retinoic acid in estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma cells: biological correlates and molecular targets. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4027-42. [PMID: 21131358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.184994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are promising agents for the treatment/prevention of breast carcinoma. We examined the role of microRNAs in mediating the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which suppresses the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive (ERα(+)) breast carcinoma cells, such as MCF-7, but not estrogen receptor-negative cells, such as MDA-MB-231. We found that pro-oncogenic miR-21 is selectively induced by ATRA in ERα(+) cells. Induction of miR-21 counteracts the anti-proliferative action of ATRA but has the potentially beneficial effect of reducing cell motility. In ERα(+) cells, retinoid-dependent induction of miR-21 is due to increased transcription of the MIR21 gene via ligand-dependent activation of the nuclear retinoid receptor, RARα. RARα is part of the transcription complex present in the 5'-flanking region of the MIR21 gene. The receptor binds to two functional retinoic acid-responsive elements mapping upstream of the transcription initiation site. Silencing of miR-21 enhances ATRA-dependent growth inhibition and senescence while reverting suppression of cell motility afforded by the retinoid. Up-regulation of miR-21 results in retinoid-dependent inhibition of the established target, maspin. Knockdown and overexpression of maspin in MCF-7 cells indicates that the protein is involved in ATRA-induced growth inhibition and contributes to the ATRA-dependent anti-motility responses. Integration between whole genome analysis of genes differentially regulated by ATRA in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, prediction of miR-21 regulated genes, and functional studies led to the identification of three novel direct miR-21 targets: the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1B, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and PLAT, the tissue-type plasminogen activator. Evidence for ICAM-1 involvement in retinoid-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 cell motility is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineko Terao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milano, Italy
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Yang G, Yu F, Fu H, Lu F, Huang B, Bai L, Zhao Z, Yao L, Lu Z. Identification of the distinct promoters for the two transcripts of apoptosis related protein 3 and their transcriptional regulation by NFAT and NFkappaB. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 302:187-94. [PMID: 17387583 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
APR3 (apoptosis related protein 3) is a novel gene highly conserved across species. Analysis of the data about APR3 available at GEO profiles revealed consistent and significant changes of APR3 expression level in certain developmental and inflammatory processes. Based on the search and analysis of all the submitted mRNA sequence, we postulated that the two transcripts may arise from separate promoter activities rather than previously assumed alternative splicing. Through reporter assay and PCR data, we identified the distinct promoters for the two transcripts of APR3. Furthermore, exogenous expression of a constitutively active mutant of transcription factor NFAT was able to enhance both the promoter activities of APR3. Sequential deletion of the promoter from the 5' side and mutation of the promoter suggested the functional NFAT binding sites might localize between -96 bp and -47 bp. In contrast, exogenous expression of a constitutively active mutant of the transcription factor NFkB inhibited APR3 transcription. Our data suggested that APR3 might be functionally important in certain processes under which NFAT and/or NFkappaB are/is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Lab of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
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