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Wang X, Gan W, Kang M, Lv C, Zhao Z, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wang R. Asthma aggravates alzheimer's disease by up-regulating NF- κB signaling pathway through LTD4. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148711. [PMID: 38092296 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that asthma is a risk factor for dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate whether asthma aggravates AD in APP/PS1 mice and explore the potential mechanisms, an asthma model was established using six-month-old APP/PS1 mice, and montelukast was used as a therapeutic agent in APP/PS1 mice with asthma. The Morris water maze test showed that asthma aggravates spatial learning and memory abilities. Asthma also upregulates the NF-κB inflammatory pathway in APP/PS1 mice and promotes the expression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, neuronal damage, synaptic plasticity deficiency, activation of microglia and astrocytes. The level of LTD4 and its receptor CysLT1R in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice after the asthma modeling was established was higher than that in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting that asthma may affect the pathology of AD through LTD4 and its receptor Cys-LT1R. Montelukast ameliorates these pathological changes and cognitive impairment. These results suggest that asthma aggravates AD pathology and cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice via upregulation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, and montelukast ameliorates these pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenjing Gan
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Meimei Kang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Caizhen Lv
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanchuan Wu
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, PR China.
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Rahman SO, Singh RK, Hussain S, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. A novel therapeutic potential of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors modulation in the neurological complications associated with Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:208-220. [PMID: 30389631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are member of eicosanoid inflammatory lipid mediators family produced by oxidation of arachidonic acid by action of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). 5-LOX is activated by enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), which further lead to production of cysLTs i.e. leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and leukotriene E4 (LTE4). CysLTs then produce their potent inflammatory actions by activating CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors. Inhibitors of cysLTs are indicated in asthma, allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory disorders. Earlier studies have associated cysLTs and their receptors in several neurodegenerative disorders diseases like, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These inflammatory lipid mediators have previously shown effects on various aggravating factors of AD. However, not much data has been elucidated to test their role against AD clinically. Herein, through this review, we have provided the current and emerging information on the role of cysLTs and their receptors in various neurological complications responsible for the development of AD. In addition, literature evidences for the effect of cysLT inhibitors on distinct aspects of abnormalities in AD has also been reviewed. Promising advancement in understanding on the role of cysLTs on the various neuromodulatory processes and mechanisms may contribute to the development of newer and safer therapy for the treatment of AD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Sohna, Gurgaon 122013, Haryana, India.
| | - Salman Hussain
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Wang Z, Guo LM, Wang Y, Zhou HK, Wang SC, Chen D, Huang JF, Xiong K. Inhibition of HSP90α protects cultured neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation induced necroptosis by decreasing RIP3 expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4864-4884. [PMID: 29334122 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) maintains cell stabilization and regulates cell death, respectively. Recent studies have shown that HSP90α is involved in receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-mediated necroptosis in HT29 cells. It is known that oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) can induce necroptosis, which is regulated by RIP3 in neurons. However, it is still unclear whether HSP90α participates in the process of OGD-induced necroptosis in cultured neurons via the regulation of RIP3. Our study found that necroptosis occurs in primary cultured cortical neurons and PC-12 cells following exposure to OGD insult. Additionally, the expression of RIP3/p-RIP3, MLKL/p-MLKL, and the RIP1/RIP3 complex (necrosome) significantly increased following OGD, as measured through immunofluorescence (IF) staining, Western blotting (WB), and immunoprecipitation (IP) assay. Additionally, data from computer simulations and IP assays showed that HSP90α interacts with RIP3. In addition, HSP90α was overexpressed following OGD in cultured neurons, as measured through WB and IF staining. Inhibition of HSP90α in cultured neurons, using the specific inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), and siRNA/shRNA of HSP90α, protected cultured neurons from necrosis. Our study showed that the inhibitor of HSP90α, GA, rescued cultured neurons not only by decreasing the expression of total RIP3/MLKL, but also by decreasing the expression of p-RIP3/p-MLKL and the RIP1/RIP3 necrosome. In this study, we reveal that inhibition of HSP90α protects primary cultured cortical neurons and PC-12 cells from OGD-induced necroptosis through the modulation of RIP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Min Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Kang Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Chao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Potential Pharmacological Targets for Cerebral Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3454212. [PMID: 28607533 PMCID: PMC5451784 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3454212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid mediators widely known for their actions in asthma and in allergic rhinitis. Accumulating data highlights their involvement in a broader range of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. The reported elevated levels of CysLTs in acute and chronic brain lesions, the association between the genetic polymorphisms in the LTs biosynthesis pathways and the risk of cerebral pathological events, and the evidence from animal models link also CysLTs and brain diseases. This review will give an overview of how far research has gone into the evaluation of the role of CysLTs in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (ischemia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and epilepsy) in order to understand the underlying mechanism by which they might be central in the disease progression.
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Hoxha M, Rovati GE, Cavanillas AB. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and its possible role in the cardiovascular field. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:799-809. [PMID: 28374082 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are pro-inflammatory mediators of the 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) pathway, that play an important role in bronchoconstriction, but can also enhance endothelial cell permeability and myocardial contractility, and are involved in many other inflammatory conditions. In the late 1990s, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) were introduced in therapy for asthma and later on, approved for the relief of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and urticaria. In addition, it has been shown that LTRAs may have a potential role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. PURPOSE The aims of this short review are to delineate the potential cardiovascular protective role of a LTRA, montelukast, beyond its traditional use, and to foster the design of appropriate clinical trials to test this hypothesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS What it is known about leukotriene receptor antagonists? •Leukotriene receptor antagonist, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, is used in asthma, COPD, and allergic rhinitis. • Montelukast is the most prescribed CysLT1 antagonist used in asthmatic patients. • Different in vivo animal studies have shown that leukotriene receptor antagonists can prevent the atherosclerosis progression, and have a protective role after cerebral ischemia. What we still need to know? • Today, there is a need for conducting clinical trials to assess the role of montelukast in reducing cardiovascular risk and to further understand the mechanism of action behind this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department of Chemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga. D. Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Bueno Cavanillas
- IBS Granada, University of Granada, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
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Autocrine activity of cysteinyl leukotrienes in human vascular endothelial cells: Signaling through the CysLT2 receptor. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:115-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Wu L, Li HH, Wu Q, Miao S, Liu ZJ, Wu P, Ye DY. Lipoxin A4 Activates Nrf2 Pathway and Ameliorates Cell Damage in Cultured Cortical Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Insults. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:848-857. [PMID: 25702137 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammation mediator, protects brains against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. However, few reports concern its function on astrocytes during cerebral I/R injury. The pathogenesis of cerebral I/R injury involves oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is generally considered to reduce oxidative stress. Nrf2 can induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and glutathione (GSH) release to combat increased oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of LXA4 on astrocytic cell damage, the production of ROS, and Nrf2 pathway, especially on HO-1 expression and GSH release in cultured cortical astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/recovery (OGDR) insults. Primary astrocytes were subjected to a 4-h OGD, followed by 8-h recovery. Cell viability, the production of ROS, and GSH release were measured. Furthermore, Nrf2, HO-1, and p62 expression levels were determined by Western blot. Moreover, Nrf2 location was studied by immunofluorescence staining. Treatment of LXA4 attenuates OGDR-induced cell damage and the production of ROS in a concentration-related manner. LXA4 induced Nrf2 expression and its nuclear translocation, as well as HO-1 expression and GSH release. Moreover, LXA4 induced the excess p62 accumulation. These results indicate that LXA4 can effectively protect against OGDR-induced cell damage in astrocytes, and activation of Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress may be involved in its protective effects. p62 accumulation induced by LXA4 may be closely related to Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, No. 627, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, No. 627, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, No. 627, Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sen Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zi-Jian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Du-Yun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
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8
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Shi QJ, Wang H, Liu ZX, Fang SH, Song XM, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Sa XY, Ying HZ, Wei EQ. HAMI 3379, a CysLT2R antagonist, dose- and time-dependently attenuates brain injury and inhibits microglial inflammation after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 291:53-69. [PMID: 25681271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) induce inflammatory responses by activating their receptors, CysLT1R and CysLT2R. We have reported that CysLT2R is involved in neuronal injury, astrocytosis, and microgliosis, and that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the selective CysLT2R antagonist HAMI 3379 protects against acute brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. In the present study, we clarified features of the protective effect of intraperitoneally-injected HAMI 3379 in rats. We found that HAMI 3379 attenuated the acute brain injury 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with effective doses of 0.1-0.4 mg/kg and a therapeutic window of ∼1h. It attenuated the neurological deficits, and reduced infarct volume, brain edema, and neuronal loss and degeneration 24 and 72h after MCAO. RNA interference with i.c.v. injection of CysLT2R short hairpin RNA (shRNA) attenuated the acute injury as well. Also, HAMI 3379 inhibited release of the cytokines IL-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) into the serum and cerebrospinal fluid 24h after MCAO. Moreover, HAMI 3379 ameliorated the microglial activation and neutrophil accumulation in the ischemic regions, but did not affect astrocyte proliferation 72h after MCAO. In comparison, the CysLT1R antagonist pranlukast did not affect microglial activation and IFN-γ release, but inhibited astrocyte proliferation and reduced serum IL-4. Thus, we conclude that HAMI 3379 has a protective effect on acute and subacute ischemic brain injury, and attenuates microglia-related inflammation. CysLT2R antagonist(s) alone or in combination with CysLT1R antagonists may be a novel class of therapeutic agents in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Experimental Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Z X Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - S H Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X M Song
- Experimental Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Y B Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - W P Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Y Sa
- Experimental Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - H Z Ying
- Experimental Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - E Q Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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9
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Zhang XY, Wang XR, Xu DM, Yu SY, Shi QJ, Zhang LH, Chen L, Fang SH, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Wei EQ. HAMI 3379, a CysLT2 Receptor Antagonist, Attenuates Ischemia-Like Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Microglial Activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:328-41. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.203604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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10
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Shi QJ, Xiao L, Zhao B, Zhang XY, Wang XR, Xu DM, Yu SY, Fang SH, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Sa XY, Wei EQ. Intracerebroventricular injection of HAMI 3379, a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 antagonist, protects against acute brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2012; 1484:57-67. [PMID: 23000196 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) induce inflammatory responses by activating their receptors, CysLT(1)R and CysLT(2)R. We recently reported that CysLT(2)R is involved in neuronal injury, astrocytosis and microgliosis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Here, we determined whether HAMI 3379, a selective CysLT(2)R antagonist, protects against acute brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. We induced transient focal cerebral ischemia by 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 24h of reperfusion. HAMI 3379 (1, 10 or 100 ng) was injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) 30 min before MCAO, and the CysLT(1)R antagonist pranlukast (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a positive control. HAMI 3379 at 10 and 100 ng (but not at 1 ng) attenuated the neurological deficits, and reduced infarct volume, brain edema, IgG exudation, neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss. This protective effect was similar to that of pranlukast. Thus, HAMI 3339 at 10-100 ng i.c.v. is neuroprotective against acute brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. These findings suggest therapeutic potential for CysLT(2)R antagonists in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Juan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Capra V, Bäck M, Barbieri SS, Camera M, Tremoli E, Rovati GE. Eicosanoids and Their Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on Atherosclerosis and Stroke. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:364-438. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Cardiology and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino; I.R.C.C.S Milan Italy
| | - G. Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; University of Milan; Via Balzaretti 9 20133 Milan Italy
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12
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Barajas‐Espinosa A, Ni NC, Yan D, Zarini S, Murphy RC, Funk CD. The cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor mediates retinal edema and pathological neovascularization in a murine model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy. FASEB J 2011; 26:1100-9. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-195792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Barajas‐Espinosa
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Nathan C. Ni
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Simona Zarini
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Colorado–DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Robert C. Murphy
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Colorado–DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Colin D. Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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13
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Zhao C, Zhao B, Zhang X, Huang X, Shi W, Liu H, Fang S, Lu Y, Zhang W, Tang F, Wei E. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 is spatiotemporally involved in neuron injury, astrocytosis and microgliosis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 189:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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14
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Bäck M, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIV: Leukotriene Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, and Pathophysiological Functions. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:539-84. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Qi LL, Fang SH, Shi WZ, Huang XQ, Zhang XY, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Wei EQ. CysLT2 receptor-mediated AQP4 up-regulation is involved in ischemic-like injury through activation of ERK and p38 MAPK in rat astrocytes. Life Sci 2010; 88:50-6. [PMID: 21055410 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We previously reported that cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLT(2)) mediates ischemic astrocyte injury, and leukotriene D(4)-activated CysLT(2) receptor up-regulates the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Here we investigated the mechanism underlying CysLT(2) receptor-mediated ischemic astrocyte injury induced by 4-h oxygen-glucose deprivation and 24-h recovery (OGD/R). MAIN METHODS Primary cultures of rat astrocytes were treated by OGD/R to construct the cell injury model. AQP4 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expressions of AQP4 and CysLTs receptors, and the MAPK signaling pathway were determined. KEY FINDINGS OGD/R induced astrocyte injury, and increased expression of the CysLT(2) (but not CysLT(1)) receptor and AQP4. OGD/R-induced cell injury and AQP4 up-regulation were inhibited by a CysLT(2) receptor antagonist (Bay cysLT2) and a non-selective CysLT receptor antagonist (Bay u9773), but not by a CysLT(1) receptor antagonist (montelukast). Knockdown of AQP4 by siRNA attenuated OGD/R injury. Furthermore, OGD/R increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, whose inhibitors relieved the cell injury and AQP4 up-regulation. SIGNIFICANCE The CysLT(2) receptor mediates AQP4 up-regulation in astrocytes, and up-regulated AQP4 leads to OGD/R-induced injury, which results from activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Qi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Denes A, Thornton P, Rothwell NJ, Allan SM. Inflammation and brain injury: acute cerebral ischaemia, peripheral and central inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:708-23. [PMID: 19770034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a classical host defence response to infection and injury that has many beneficial effects. However, inappropriate (in time, place and magnitude) inflammation is increasingly implicated in diverse disease states, now including cancer, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, heart disease and, most relevant here, CNS disease. A growing literature shows strong correlations between inflammatory status and the risk of cerebral ischaemia (CI, most commonly stroke), as well as with outcome from an ischaemic event. Intervention studies to demonstrate a causal link between inflammation and CI (or its consequences) are limited but are beginning to emerge, while experimental studies of CI have provided direct evidence that key inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory cells) contribute directly to ischaemic brain injury. However, it remains to be determined what the relative importance of systemic (largely peripheral) versus CNS inflammation is in CI. Animal models in which CI is driven by a CNS intervention may not accurately reflect the clinical condition; stroke being typically induced by atherosclerosis or cardiac dysfunction, and hence current experimental paradigms may underestimate the contribution of peripheral inflammation. Experimental studies have already identified a number of potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions that may limit ischaemic brain damage, some of which have been tested in early clinical trials with potentially promising results. However, a greater understanding of the contribution of inflammation to CI is still required, and this review highlights some of the key mechanism that may offer future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Denes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Daniele S, Lecca D, Trincavelli ML, Ciampi O, Abbracchio MP, Martini C. Regulation of PC12 cell survival and differentiation by the new P2Y-like receptor GPR17. Cell Signal 2010; 22:697-706. [PMID: 20056144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The P2Y-like receptor GPR17 has been reported to respond to both uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysLTs), such as UDP-glucose and LTD(4). Our previous data suggest a potential role for GPR17 in regulation of both cell viability and differentiation state of central nervous system cells. On this basis, in the present paper we investigated the effect of GPR17 receptor ligands on PC12 cell viability, following induction of morphological differentiation by nerve growth factor (NGF). In addition, the role of GPR17 ligands, either alone or in combination with growth factors, on the degree of PC12 cell differentiation was investigated. GPR17, which was not basally expressed in undifferentiated PC12 cells, was specifically induced by a 10day-treatment with NGF, suggesting a role in the control of neuronal specification. Both UDP-glucose and LTD(4), agonists at the nucleotide and cysLT GPR17 binding sites, respectively, induced a significant pro-survival effect on PC12 cells after priming with NGF. By in vitro silencing experiments with specific small interfering RNAs and by using receptor antagonists, we confirmed that the agonist effects are indeed mediated by the selective activation of GPR17. We also demonstrated that GPR17 agonists act, both alone and synergistically with NGF, to promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. In addition, GPR17 ligands were able to confer an NGF-like activity to the epidermal growth factor (EGF), that, under these experimental conditions, also promoted cell differentiation and neurite elongation. Finally, we show that GPR17 ligands activate the intracellular phosphorylation of both ERK 1/2 and p38 kinases, that have been identified as important signalling pathways for neurotrophins in PC12 cells. Our results establish GPR17 as a neurotrophic regulator for neuronal-like cells and suggest a possible interplay between endogenous uracil derivatives, cysLTs and NGF in the signalling pathways involved in neuronal survival and differentiation. They also represent the first direct demonstration, in a native system, that GPR17 can indeed be activated by uracil nucleotides and cysLTs, in line with what previously demonstrated in recombinant expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Daniele
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Bıber N, Toklu HZ, Solakoglu S, Gultomruk M, Hakan T, Berkman Z, Dulger FG. Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast decreases blood–brain barrier permeability but does not prevent oedema formation in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2009; 23:577-84. [DOI: 10.1080/02699050902926317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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IL-18 accelerates the cell apoptosis by up-regulating Cysteinyl Leukotriene 2 Receptor Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells at the early stage of administration. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 50:171-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moos MP, Funk CD. Endothelial Cysteinyl Leukotriene 2 Receptor Expression and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2008; 18:268-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Huang XJ, Zhang WP, Li CT, Shi WZ, Fang SH, Lu YB, Chen Z, Wei EQ. Activation of CysLT receptors induces astrocyte proliferation and death after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Glia 2008; 56:27-37. [PMID: 17910051 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently found that 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is activated to produce cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), and CysLTs may cause neuronal injury and astrocytosis through activation of CysLT(1) and CysLT(2) receptors in the brain after focal cerebral ischemia. However, the property of astrocyte responses to in vitro ischemic injury is not clear; whether 5-LOX, CysLTs, and their receptors are also involved in the responses of ischemic astrocytes remains unknown. In the present study, we performed oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by recovery to induce ischemic-like injury in the cultured rat astrocytes. We found that 1-h OGD did not injure astrocytes (sub-lethal OGD) but induced astrocyte proliferation 48 and 72 h after recovery; whereas 4-h OGD moderately injured the cells (moderate OGD) and led to death 24-72 h after recovery. Inhibition of phospholipase A(2) and 5-LOX attenuated both the proliferation and death. Sub-lethal and moderate OGD enhanced the production of CysLTs that was inhibited by 5-LOX inhibitors. Sub-lethal OGD increased the expressions of CysLT(1) receptor mRNA and protein, while moderate OGD induced the expression of CysLT(2) receptor mRNA. Exogenously applied leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) induced astrocyte proliferation at 1-10 nM and astrocyte death at 100-1,000 nM. The CysLT(1) receptor antagonist montelukast attenuated astrocyte proliferation, the CysLT(2) receptor antagonist BAY cysLT2 reversed astrocyte death, and the dual CysLT receptor antagonist BAY u9773 exhibited both effects. In addition, LTD(4) (100 nM) increased the expression of CysLT(2) receptor mRNA. Thus, in vitro ischemia activates astrocyte 5-LOX to produce CysLTs, and CysLTs result in CysLT(1) receptor-mediated proliferation and CysLT(2) receptor-mediated death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jia Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Fang SH, Zhou Y, Chu LS, Zhang WP, Wang ML, Yu GL, Peng F, Wei EQ. Spatio-temporal expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-2 mRNA in rat brain after focal cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2007; 412:78-83. [PMID: 17196746 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) induce inflammatory responses mediated by activating CysLT(1) and CysLT(2) receptors. We have recently reported that CysLT(1) receptor expression is increased in rat brain after focal cerebral ischemia and the increased expression is spatio-temporally related to acute neuronal injury and late astrocyte proliferation. Here we report spatio-temporal expression of CysLT(2) receptor mRNA in rat brain after focal cerebral ischemia induced by 30min of middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that the neuron density was gradually decreased or disappeared in the ischemic core and boundary zone during 14 days after reperfusion, and the astrocyte population in the boundary zone was increased 3-14 days after reperfusion. In the ischemic core, the expression of CysLT(2) receptor mRNA was increased at 6, 12 and 24h and then recovered at 3, 7 and 14 days after reperfusion. In the boundary zone, the expression was significantly increased 3, 7 and 14 days after reperfusion. The results suggest that CysLT(2) receptor may be related to the acute neuronal injury and late astrocyte proliferation in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Hua Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388, Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhang YJ, Zhang L, Ye YL, Fang SH, Zhou Y, Zhang WP, Lu YB, Wei EQ. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptors CysLT1 and CysLT2 are upregulated in acute neuronal injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2006; 27:1553-60. [PMID: 17112408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2) are upregulated in acute neuronal injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice, and to confirm CysLT1 receptor localization. METHODS After permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), neurological deficits and neuron loss were determined at various time points within 48 h. The mRNA expressions of CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors in the brain were analyzed by RT-PCR. CysLT1 receptor localization was detected by double immunofluorescence. RESULTS Neurological deficits and neuron loss were found 6, 24 and 48 h after MCAO. The mRNA expressions of both CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors were upregulated in the ischemic hemisphere 1, 24, and 48 h after MCAO with peaks at 24 h. The CysLT1 receptor was selectively localized in neurons 24 h after MCAO. CONCLUSION CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors are upregulated in acute neuronal injury after focal cerebral ischemia, and the CysLT1 receptor is localized in neurons after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang ML, Huang XJ, Fang SH, Yuan YM, Zhang WP, Lu YB, Ding Q, Wei EQ. Leukotriene D4 induces brain edema and enhances CysLT2 receptor-mediated aquaporin 4 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:399-404. [PMID: 17010308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (including LTC(4), LTD(4), and LTE(4)), potent inflammatory mediators, can induce brain-blood barrier (BBB) disruption and brain edema. These reactions are mediated by their receptors, CysLT(1) and CysLT(2) receptors. On the other hand, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) primarily modulates brain water homeostasis and edema after various injuries. Here, we aimed to determine whether AQP4 is involved in LTD(4)-induced brain edema. LTD(4) (1ng in 0.5mul PBS) microinjection into the cortex increased endogenous IgG exudation (BBB disruption) and water content (brain edema), and enhanced AQP4 expression in mouse brain. The selective CysLT(1) receptor antagonist pranlukast inhibited the IgG exudation, but not the increased water content and AQP4 expression induced by LTD(4). In the cultured rat astrocytes, LTD(4) (10(-9)-10(-7)M, for 24h) similarly enhanced AQP4 expression. The enhanced AQP4 expression was inhibited by Bay u9773, a non-selective CysLT(1)/CysLT(2) receptor antagonist, but not by pranlukast. LTD(4) (10(-9)-10(-7)M) also induced the mRNA expression of CysLT(2) (not CysLT(1)) receptor in astrocytes. These results indicate that LTD(4) modulates brain edema; CysLT(1) receptor mediates vasogenic edema while CysLT(2) receptor may mediate cytotoxic edema via up-regulating AQP4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388, Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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