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Yamaguchi Y, Ishii K, Koizumi S, Sakaue H, Maruno T, Fukuhara M, Shibuya R, Tsunaka Y, Matsushita A, Bandoh K, Torisu T, Murata-Kishimoto C, Tomioka A, Mizukado S, Kaji H, Kashiwakura Y, Ohmori T, Kuno A, Uchiyama S. Glycosylation of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 6. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101256. [PMID: 38774582 PMCID: PMC11107246 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation of biopharmaceuticals can affect their safety and efficacy. Glycans can occur on recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) that are used for gene therapy; however, the types of glycans that attach to rAAVs are controversial. Here, we conducted lectin microarray analyses on six rAAV serotype 6 (rAAV6) preparations that were produced differently. We demonstrate that O-glycans considered to be attached to rAAV6 were recognized by Agaricus bisporus agglutinin (ABA) and that N-glycans were detected in rAAV6 purified without affinity chromatography. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that the N-glycans detected in rAAV6 were derived from host cell proteins. A combination of ABA-based fractionation and LC-MS/MS revealed that rAAV6 was O-glycosylated with the mucin-type glycans, O-GalNAc (Tn antigen), and mono- and di-sialylated Galβ1-3GalNAc (T antigen) at S156, T162, T194, and T201 in viral protein (VP) 2 and with O-GlcNAc at T242 in VP3. The mucin-type O-glycosylated rAAV6 particles were 0.1%-1% of total particles. Further physicochemical and biological analyses revealed that mucin-type O-glycosylated rAAV6 had a lower ratio of VP1 to VP2/VP3, resulting in a lower transduction efficiency both in vitro and in vivo compared with rAAV6 without mucin-type O-glycans. This report details conclusive evidence of rAAV glycosylation and its impact on rAAV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sachiko Koizumi
- GlycoTechnica Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
- Precision System Science Co. Ltd., 88 Kamihongo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakaue
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Fukuhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Risa Shibuya
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsunaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aoba Matsushita
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karin Bandoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Torisu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Azusa Tomioka
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Saho Mizukado
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaji
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Kashiwakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3111-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University, 3111-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3111-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University, 3111-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Bektas S, Kaptan E. Microbial lectins as a potential therapeutics for the prevention of certain human diseases. Life Sci 2024; 346:122643. [PMID: 38614308 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are protein or glycoprotein molecules with a specific ability to bind to carbohydrates. From viruses to mammals, they are found in various organisms and exhibit remarkable diverse structures and functions. They are significant contributors to defense mechanisms against microbial attacks in plants. They are also involved in functions such as controlling lymphocyte migration, regulating glycoprotein biosynthesis, cell-cell recognition, and embryonic development in animals. In addition, lectins serve as invaluable molecular tools in various biological and medical disciplines due to their reversible binding ability and enable the monitoring of cell membrane changes in physiological and pathological contexts. Microbial lectins, often referred to as adhesins, play an important role in microbial colonization, pathogenicity, and interactions among microorganisms. Viral lectins are located in the bilayered viral membrane, whereas bacterial lectins are found intracellularly and on the bacterial cell surface. Microfungal lectins are typically intracellular and have various functions in host-parasite interaction, and in fungal growth and morphogenesis. Although microbial lectin studies are less extensive than those of plants and animals, they provide insights into the infection mechanisms and potential interventions. Glycan specificity, essential functions in infectious diseases, and applications in the diagnosis and treatment of viral and bacterial infections are critical aspects of microbial lectin research. In this review, we will discuss the application and therapeutic potential of viral, bacterial and microfungal lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Bektas
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey.
| | - Engin Kaptan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science Department of Biology, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Gupta A, Yadav K, Yadav A, Ahmad R, Srivastava A, Kumar D, Khan MA, Dwivedi UN. Mannose-specific plant and microbial lectins as antiviral agents: A review. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:1-33. [PMID: 38244136 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunological carbohydrate-binding proteins classified on the basis of their structure, origin, and sugar specificity. The binding specificity of such proteins with the surface glycan moiety determines their activity and clinical applications. Thus, lectins hold great potential as diagnostic and drug discovery agents and as novel biopharmaceutical products. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding plant and microbial lectins as therapeutic agents against various viral diseases. Among them, mannose-specific lectins have being proven as promising antiviral agents against a variety of viruses, such as HIV, Influenza, Herpes, Ebola, Hepatitis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The binding of mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) from plants and microbes to high-mannose containing N-glycans (which may be simple or complex) of glycoproteins found on the surface of viruses has been found to be highly specific and mainly responsible for their antiviral activity. MBLs target various steps in the viral life cycle, including viral attachment, entry and replication. The present review discusses the brief classification and structure of lectins along with antiviral activity of various mannose-specific lectins from plants and microbial sources and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, District-Banaskantha, Gujarat, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Bojar D, Meche L, Meng G, Eng W, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Mahal LK. A Useful Guide to Lectin Binding: Machine-Learning Directed Annotation of 57 Unique Lectin Specificities. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2993-3012. [PMID: 35084820 PMCID: PMC9679999 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are critical to every facet of biology and medicine, from viral infections to embryogenesis. Tools to study glycans are rapidly evolving; however, the majority of our knowledge is deeply dependent on binding by glycan binding proteins (e.g., lectins). The specificities of lectins, which are often naturally isolated proteins, have not been well-defined, making it difficult to leverage their full potential for glycan analysis. Herein, we use a combination of machine learning algorithms and expert annotation to define lectin specificity for this important probe set. Our analysis uses comprehensive glycan microarray analysis of commercially available lectins we obtained using version 5.0 of the Consortium for Functional Glycomics glycan microarray (CFGv5). This data set was made public in 2011. We report the creation of this data set and its use in large-scale evaluation of lectin-glycan binding behaviors. Our motif analysis was performed by integrating 68 manually defined glycan features with systematic probing of computational rules for significant binding motifs using mono- and disaccharides and linkages. Combining machine learning with manual annotation, we create a detailed interpretation of glycan-binding specificity for 57 unique lectins, categorized by their major binding motifs: mannose, complex-type N-glycan, O-glycan, fucose, sialic acid and sulfate, GlcNAc and chitin, Gal and LacNAc, and GalNAc. Our work provides fresh insights into the complex binding features of commercially available lectins in current use, providing a critical guide to these important reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bojar
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular
and Translational Medicine, University of
Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 405 30
| | - Lawrence Meche
- Biomedical
Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New
York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Guanmin Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - William Eng
- Biomedical
Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New
York, New York 10003, United States
| | - David F. Smith
- Department
of Biochemistry, Glycomics Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department
of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Biomedical
Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New
York, New York 10003, United States,Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2G2,E-mail:
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5
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Morel M, Pochard P, Echchih W, Dueymes M, Bagacean C, Jousse-Joulin S, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Cornec D, Jamin C, Pers JO, Bordron A. Abnormal B cell glycosylation in autoimmunity: A new potential treatment strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975963. [PMID: 36091064 PMCID: PMC9453492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) are two autoimmune diseases characterised by the production of pathogenic autoreactive antibodies. Their aetiology is poorly understood. Nevertheless, they have been shown to involve several factors, such as infections and epigenetic mechanisms. They also likely involve a physiological process known as glycosylation. Both SLE T cell markers and pSS-associated autoantibodies exhibit abnormal glycosylation. Such dysregulation suggests that defective glycosylation may also occur in B cells, thereby modifying their behaviour and reactivity. This study aimed to investigate B cell subset glycosylation in SLE, pSS and healthy donors and to extend the glycan profile to serum proteins and immunoglobulins. We used optimised lectin-based tests to demonstrate specific glycosylation profiles on B cell subsets that were specifically altered in both diseases. Compared to the healthy donor B cells, the SLE B cells exhibited hypofucosylation, whereas only the pSS B cells exhibited hyposialylation. Additionally, the SLE B lymphocytes had more galactose linked to N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GlcNAc/Gal-GalNAc) residues on their cell surface markers. Interestingly, some similar alterations were observed in serum proteins, including immunoglobulins. These findings indicate that any perturbation of the natural glycosylation process in B cells could result in the development of pathogenic autoantibodies. The B cell glycoprofile can be established as a preferred biomarker for characterising pathologies and adapted therapeutics can be used for patients if there is a correlation between the extent of these alterations and the severity of the autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morel
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Pochard
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Wiam Echchih
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
| | - Maryvonne Dueymes
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Cristina Bagacean
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Sandrine Jousse-Joulin
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Anne Bordron
- LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
- *Correspondence: Anne Bordron,
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6
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Ramadhin J, Silva-Moraes V, Norberg T, Harn D. Monoclonal Antibodies Generated against Glycoconjugates Recognize Chemical Linkers. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9030048. [PMID: 32942538 PMCID: PMC7551549 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize glycans are useful tools to assess carbohydrates’ structure and function. We sought to produce IgG mAbs to the human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII). LNFPIII contains the Lewisx antigen, which is found on the surface of schistosome parasites. mAbs binding the Lewisx antigen are well-reported in the literature, but mAbs recognizing HMO structures are rare. To generate mAbs, mice were immunized with LNFPIII-DEX (P3DEX) plus CpGs in VacSIM®, a novel vaccine/drug delivery platform. Mice were boosted with LNFPIII-HSA (P3HSA) plus CpGs in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA). Splenocytes from immunized mice were used to generate hybridomas and were screened against LNFPIII conjugates via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three positive hybridomas were expanded, and one hybridoma, producing IgG and IgM antibodies, was cloned via flow cytometry. Clone F1P2H4D8D5 was selected because it produced IgG1 mAbs, but rescreening unexpectedly showed binding to both LNFPIII and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) conjugates. To further assess the specificity of the mAb, we screened it on two glycan microarrays and found no significant binding. This finding suggests that the mAb binds to the acetylphenylenediamine (APD) linker-spacer structure of the conjugate. We present the results herein, suggesting that our new mAb could be a useful probe for conjugates using similar linker spacer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ramadhin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.R.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Vanessa Silva-Moraes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.R.); (V.S.-M.)
| | - Thomas Norberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Donald Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.R.); (V.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-542-4569
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7
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Tsaneva M, Van Damme EJM. 130 years of Plant Lectin Research. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:533-551. [PMID: 32860551 PMCID: PMC7455784 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with diverse molecular structures that share the ability to recognize and bind specifically and reversibly to carbohydrate structures without changing the carbohydrate moiety. The history of lectins started with the discovery of ricin about 130 years ago but since then our understanding of lectins has dramatically changed. Over the years the research focus was shifted from 'the characterization of carbohydrate-binding proteins' to 'understanding the biological function of lectins'. Nowadays plant lectins attract a lot of attention especially because of their potential for crop improvement and biomedical research, as well as their application as tools in glycobiology. The present review aims to give an overview of plant lectins and their applications, and how the field evolved in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Tsaneva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Yang L, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Huang J, Zhu D, Wang S, Zhu L, Chen L, Xu X, Liu H. Chemical structure, chain conformation and rheological properties of pectic polysaccharides from soy hulls. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:41-48. [PMID: 31917981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We obtained a new acidic soy hull polysaccharide (SHP-1) with a molecular weight (Mw) of 4.81 × 105 g/mol through ammonium oxalate and microwave assisted extraction. SHP-1 was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose (molar ratio = 46.59%:17.95%:14.77%:13.97%) with small amounts of fucose, glucose, mannose and xylose. The chemical structure was presumed to be of pectin-I type, consisting of 2/3 HGA and 1/3 RG-I. Furthermore, the rheological information and the chain morphology of SHP-1 were different in five solvents. Surfactant, salt and alkali solutions enhanced the solubility and flexibility of the polysaccharide, but the polysaccharide showed decreased fluidity under acidic conditions. The addition of ions and alkali increased the consistency coefficient of the solution, but the effect was far less than that of the cross-linking morphology. The structural and morphological information of purified SHP should aid in further study of its structure-function relationships and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yafan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Jinghang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
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9
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Dang K, Zhang W, Jiang S, Lin X, Qian A. Application of Lectin Microarrays for Biomarker Discovery. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:285-300. [PMID: 32154049 PMCID: PMC7050261 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins in living organisms are glycosylated. As their glycan patterns exhibit protein-, cell-, and tissue-specific heterogeneity, changes in the glycosylation levels could serve as useful indicators of various pathological and physiological states. Thus, the identification of glycoprotein biomarkers from specific changes in the glycan profiles of glycoproteins is a trending field. Lectin microarrays provide a new glycan analysis platform, which enables rapid and sensitive analysis of complex glycans without requiring the release of glycans from the protein. Recent developments in lectin microarray technology enable high-throughput analysis of glycans in complex biological samples. In this review, we will discuss the basic concepts and recent progress in lectin microarray technology, the application of lectin microarrays in biomarker discovery, and the challenges and future development of this technology. Given the tremendous technical advancements that have been made, lectin microarrays will become an indispensable tool for the discovery of glycoprotein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072, ShaanxiChina
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10
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Coff L, Chan J, Ramsland PA, Guy AJ. Identifying glycan motifs using a novel subtree mining approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:42. [PMID: 32019496 PMCID: PMC7001330 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycans are complex sugar chains, crucial to many biological processes. By participating in binding interactions with proteins, glycans often play key roles in host–pathogen interactions. The specificities of glycan-binding proteins, such as lectins and antibodies, are governed by motifs within larger glycan structures, and improved characterisations of these determinants would aid research into human diseases. Identification of motifs has previously been approached as a frequent subtree mining problem, and we extend these approaches with a glycan notation that allows recognition of terminal motifs. Results In this work, we customised a frequent subtree mining approach by altering the glycan notation to include information on terminal connections. This allows specific identification of terminal residues as potential motifs, better capturing the complexity of glycan-binding interactions. We achieved this by including additional nodes in a graph representation of the glycan structure to indicate the presence or absence of a linkage at particular backbone carbon positions. Combining this frequent subtree mining approach with a state-of-the-art feature selection algorithm termed minimum-redundancy, maximum-relevance (mRMR), we have generated a classification pipeline that is trained on data from a glycan microarray. When applied to a set of commonly used lectins, the identified motifs were consistent with known binding determinants. Furthermore, logistic regression classifiers trained using these motifs performed well across most lectins examined, with a median AUC value of 0.89. Conclusions We present here a new subtree mining approach for the classification of glycan binding and identification of potential binding motifs. The Carbohydrate Classification Accounting for Restricted Linkages (CCARL) method will assist in the interpretation of glycan microarray experiments and will aid in the discovery of novel binding motifs for further experimental characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Coff
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 3000, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Chan
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 3000, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 3000, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, 3004, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, 3084, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Andrew J Guy
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 3000, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Bala Subramaniyan S, Senthilnathan R, Arunachalam J, Anbazhagan V. Revealing the Significance of the Glycan Binding Property of Butea monosperma Seed Lectin for Enhancing the Antibiofilm Activity of Silver Nanoparticles against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 31:139-148. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Bala Subramaniyan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Rajendran Senthilnathan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Jothi Arunachalam
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Veerappan Anbazhagan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
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12
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Hinou H, Kikuchi S, Ochi R, Igarashi K, Takada W, Nishimura SI. Synthetic glycopeptides reveal specific binding pattern and conformational change at O-mannosylated position of α-dystroglycan by POMGnT1 catalyzed GlcNAc modification. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2822-2831. [PMID: 31079966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional effects of core M1 type glycan modification catalyzed by protein O-linked mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1) were investigated using a core M1 glycoform focused library of an α-dystroglycan fragment, 372TRGAIIQTPTLGPIQPTRV390. Evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted microarray system illuminated the specific binding pattern of plant lectins that can discriminate the glycan structure of core M1 glycan of the library. The comparative NMR analysis of synthetic glycopeptide having different length of the O-mannosylated glycans revealed a conformational change of the peptide backbone along with core M1 disaccharide formation. No long-range NOE signals of glycan-amino acid nor inter amino acid indicate the conformational change is induced by steric hindrance of core M1, the sole 1,2-O-modified form among protein binding sugar residue found in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hinou
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Seiya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Rika Ochi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | | | | | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Hashim OH, Jayapalan JJ, Lee CS. Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3784. [PMID: 28894650 PMCID: PMC5592079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onn Haji Hashim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Siang Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jančaříková G, Houser J, Dobeš P, Demo G, Hyršl P, Wimmerová M. Characterization of novel bangle lectin from Photorhabdus asymbiotica with dual sugar-binding specificity and its effect on host immunity. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006564. [PMID: 28806750 PMCID: PMC5584973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photorhabdus asymbiotica is one of the three recognized species of the Photorhabdus genus, which consists of gram-negative bioluminescent bacteria belonging to the family Morganellaceae. These bacteria live in a symbiotic relationship with nematodes from the genus Heterorhabditis, together forming a complex that is highly pathogenic for insects. Unlike other Photorhabdus species, which are strictly entomopathogenic, P. asymbiotica is unique in its ability to act as an emerging human pathogen. Analysis of the P. asymbiotica genome identified a novel fucose-binding lectin designated PHL with a strong sequence similarity to the recently described P. luminescens lectin PLL. Recombinant PHL exhibited high affinity for fucosylated carbohydrates and the unusual disaccharide 3,6-O-Me2-Glcβ1-4(2,3-O-Me2)Rhaα-O-(p-C6H4)-OCH2CH2NH2 from Mycobacterium leprae. Based on its crystal structure, PHL forms a seven-bladed β-propeller assembling into a homo-dimer with an inter-subunit disulfide bridge. Investigating complexes with different ligands revealed the existence of two sets of binding sites per monomer-the first type prefers l-fucose and its derivatives, whereas the second type can bind d-galactose. Based on the sequence analysis, PHL could contain up to twelve binding sites per monomer. PHL was shown to interact with all types of red blood cells and insect haemocytes. Interestingly, PHL inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species induced by zymosan A in human blood and antimicrobial activity both in human blood, serum and insect haemolymph. Concurrently, PHL increased the constitutive level of oxidants in the blood and induced melanisation in haemolymph. Our results suggest that PHL might play a crucial role in the interaction of P. asymbiotica with both human and insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Jančaříková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houser
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dobeš
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Demo
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hyršl
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Nadimifar M, khorshidi H, Haghbeen K, Karkhane AA. A Facile and Cost Effective Method for Simultaneous Preparation of Lectin and Tyrosinase from Edible Mushroom. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1165251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Glycans or carbohydrates attached to therapeutic glycoproteins can directly affect product quality, safety and efficacy, and therefore must be adequately analyzed and controlled throughout product life cycles. However, the complexity of protein glycosylation poses a daunting analytical challenge. In this study, we evaluated the utility of a lectin microarray for assessing protein glycans. Using commercial lectin chips, which contain 45 lectins toward distinct glycan structures, we were able to determine the lectin binding patterns of a panel of 15 therapeutic proteins, including 8 monoclonal antibodies. Lectin binding signals were analyzed to generate glycan profiles that were generally consistent with the known glycan patterns for these glycoproteins. In particular, the lectin-based microarray was found to be highly sensitive to variations in the terminal carbohydrate structures such as galactose versus sialic acid epitopes. These data suggest that lectin microarray could be used for screening glycan patterns of therapeutic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- a Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Shen Luo
- a Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- a Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
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17
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Entomotoxic and nematotoxic lectins and protease inhibitors from fungal fruiting bodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:91-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Mushroom lectins: specificity, structure and bioactivity relevant to human disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7802-38. [PMID: 25856678 PMCID: PMC4425051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunoglobulin proteins that bind diverse sugar structures with a high degree of selectivity. Lectins play crucial role in various biological processes such as cellular signaling, scavenging of glycoproteins from the circulatory system, cell-cell interactions in the immune system, differentiation and protein targeting to cellular compartments, as well as in host defence mechanisms, inflammation, and cancer. Among all the sources of lectins, plants have been most extensively studied. However, more recently fungal lectins have attracted considerable attention due to their antitumor, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Given that only 10% of mushroom species are known and have been taxonomically classified, mushrooms represent an enormous unexplored source of potentially useful and novel lectins. In this review we provide an up-to-date summary on the biochemical, molecular and structural properties of mushroom lectins, as well as their versatile applications specifically focusing on mushroom lectin bioactivity.
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19
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Hirabayashi J, Tateno H, Shikanai T, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Narimatsu H. The Lectin Frontier Database (LfDB), and data generation based on frontal affinity chromatography. Molecules 2015; 20:951-73. [PMID: 25580689 PMCID: PMC6272529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a large group of carbohydrate-binding proteins, having been shown to comprise at least 48 protein scaffolds or protein family entries. They occur ubiquitously in living organisms—from humans to microorganisms, including viruses—and while their functions are yet to be fully elucidated, their main underlying actions are thought to mediate cell-cell and cell-glycoconjugate interactions, which play important roles in an extensive range of biological processes. The basic feature of each lectin’s function resides in its specific sugar-binding properties. In this regard, it is beneficial for researchers to have access to fundamental information about the detailed oligosaccharide specificities of diverse lectins. In this review, the authors describe a publicly available lectin database named “Lectin frontier DataBase (LfDB)”, which undertakes the continuous publication and updating of comprehensive data for lectin-standard oligosaccharide interactions in terms of dissociation constants (Kd’s). For Kd determination, an advanced system of frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) is used, with which quantitative datasets of interactions between immobilized lectins and >100 fluorescently labeled standard glycans have been generated. The FAC system is unique in its clear principle, simple procedure and high sensitivity, with an increasing number (>67) of associated publications that attest to its reliability. Thus, LfDB, is expected to play an essential role in lectin research, not only in basic but also in applied fields of glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirabayashi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Shikanai
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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20
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Tan B, Matsuda A, Zhang Y, Kuno A, Narimatsu H. Multilectin-assisted fractionation for improved single-dot tissue glycome profiling in clinical glycoproteomics. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:201-5. [PMID: 24301485 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To survey the glycome shift in cancer, single-dot tissue glycome profiling was improved by incorporating a lectin-assisted fractionation. The differential analysis of tissue specimens from colorectal cancer patients (n = 45) revealed that unfucosylated/α2,6-sialylated glycoproteins significantly increased in patients with poor prognoses. The detailed annotation will be an indispensable supplement for cancer-related glyco-biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Tan
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
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21
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Inagaki M, Muranishi H, Yamada K, Kakehi K, Uchida K, Suzuki T, Yabe T, Nakagomi T, Nakagomi O, Kanamaru Y. Bovine κ-casein inhibits human rotavirus (HRV) infection via direct binding of glycans to HRV. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2653-61. [PMID: 24612801 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a major etiologic agent of severe infantile gastroenteritis. κ-Casein (κ-CN) from both human and bovine mature milk has been reported to have anti-HRV activity; however, the mechanism of this activity is poorly understood. The present study examined the molecular basis for the protective effect of bovine κ-CN derived from late colostrum (6-7 d after parturition) and from mature milk. Among the components of casein, κ-CN is the only glycosylated protein that has been identified. Therefore, we investigated whether the glycan residues in κ-CN were involved in the anti-HRV activity. Desialylated CN obtained by neuraminidase treatment exhibited anti-HRV activity, whereas deglycosylated CN obtained by o-glycosidase treatment lacked antiviral activity, indicating that glycans were responsible for the antiviral activity of CN. Furthermore, an evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted assay showed that HRV particles directly bound to heated casein (at 95°C for 30 min) in a viral titer-dependent manner. Although the heated κ-CN retained inhibitory activity in a neutralization assay, the activity was weaker than that observed before heat treatment. Our findings indicate that the inhibitory mechanism of bovine κ-CN against HRV involves direct binding to viral particles via glycan residues. In addition, heat-labile structures in κ-CN may play an important role in maintenance of κ-CN binding to HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inagaki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - H Muranishi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - K Kakehi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0057, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - T Yabe
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - T Nakagomi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Global Center of Excellence, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - O Nakagomi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Global Center of Excellence, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Y Kanamaru
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Kobayashi Y, Tateno H, Ogawa H, Yamamoto K, Hirabayashi J. Comprehensive list of lectins: origins, natures, and carbohydrate specificities. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1200:555-577. [PMID: 25117264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1292-6_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 years have passed since the first lectin ricin was discovered. Since then, a wide variety of lectins (lect means "select" in Latin) have been isolated from plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, as well as viruses, and their structures and properties have been characterized. At present, as many as 48 protein scaffolds have been identified as functional lectins from the viewpoint of three-dimensional structures as described in this chapter. In this chapter, representative 53 lectins are selected, and their major properties that include hemagglutinating activity, mitogen activity, blood group specificity, molecular weight, metal requirement, and sugar specificities are summarized as a comprehensive table. The list will provide a practically useful, comprehensive list for not only experienced lectin users but also many other non-expert researchers, who are not familiar to lectins and, therefore, have no access to advanced lectin biotechnologies described in other chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobayashi
- J-Oil Mills, Inc., 11, Kagetoricho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0064, Japan,
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23
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Abstract
Fungi are members of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts and molds, as well as the most familiar member, mushrooms. Fungal lectins with unique specificity and structures have been discovered. In general, fungal lectins are classified into specific families based on their amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the approximately 80 types of mushroom and fungal lectins that have been isolated and studied to date. In particular, we have focused on ten fungal lectins (Agaricus bisporus, Agrocybe cylindracea, Aleuria aurantia, Aspergillus oryzae, Clitocybe nebularis, Marasmius oreades, Psathyrella velutina, Rhizopus stolonifer, Pholiota squarrosa, Polyporus squamosus), many of which are commercially available and their properties, sugar-binding specificities, structural grouping into families, and applications for biological research being described. The sialic acid-specific lectins (Agrocybe cylindracea and Polyporus squamosus) and fucose-specific lectins (Aleuria aurantia, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Pholiota squarrosa) each showed potential for use in identifying sialic acid glycoconjugates and fucose glycoconjugates. Although not much is currently known about fungal lectins compared to animal and plant lectins, the knowledge accumulated thus far shows great promise for several applications in the fields of taxonomy, biomedicine, and molecular and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kobayashi
- J-Oil Mills Inc., 11, Kagetoricho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0064, Japan,
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Alborés S, Mora P, Cerdeiras MP, Franco Fraguas L. Screening for lectins from basidiomycetes and isolation of Punctularia atropurpurascens
lectin. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:89-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alborés
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Paola Mora
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - María Pía Cerdeiras
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Laura Franco Fraguas
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química; UdelaR; Montevideo Uruguay
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25
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Hirabayashi J, Yamada M, Kuno A, Tateno H. Lectin microarrays: concept, principle and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4443-58. [PMID: 23443201 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lectin microarray is a novel platform for glycan analysis, having emerged only in recent years. Unlike other conventional methods, e.g., liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, it enables rapid and high-sensitivity profiling of complex glycan features without the need for liberation of glycans. Target samples include an extensive range of glycoconjugates involved in cells, tissues, body fluids, as well as synthetic glycans and their mimics. Various procedures for rapid differential glycan profiling have been developed for glycan-related biomarkers. Such glycoproteomics targeting allows precise diagnosis of chronic diseases potentially related to cancer. Application of this method to evaluation of various types of stem cells resulted in the discovery of a new pluripotent cell-specific glycan marker. To explore this technology a more fundamental and extensive understanding of lectins is necessary in relation to the structural uniqueness of glycans. In this chapter, the essence of the lectin microarray is described with some focus on an evanescent-field-activated fluorescence detection principle as a system to achieve in situ (i.e., washing free) aqueous-phase observation under equilibrium conditions. The developed lectin microarray system allows even researchers with poor experience in glycan profiling to perform extensive high-throughput analysis targeting various forms of glycans and even cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Central-2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Easily measured and clinically useful biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are required to advance patient care. We previously reported that the agalactosyl fraction among fucosylated IgG oligosaccharides is increased in IBD, especially Crohn's disease (CD). The present study aimed to establish a simple detection system for aberrant glycosylated IgG based on lectin-oligosaccharide interactions. METHODS Lectins with higher affinity to serum IgG from IBD patients than healthy volunteers (HV) were screened by lectin microarray. Binding of selected lectins to agalactosyl IgG was definitively confirmed using step-by-step glycosidase treatment. Using the selected lectins, a lectin-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system was established and its clinical utility was investigated in a total of 410 (249 Japanese and 161 American) IBD patients, disease controls, and HVs. RESULTS Agaricus bisporus Agglutinin (ABA) and Griffonia simplicifolia Lectin-II (GSL-II) had higher affinity for serum agalactosyl IgG from IBD patients, especially those with CD, compared to HV. Agalactosyl IgG levels measured by a lectin-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with ABA or GSL-II were significantly increased in CD compared with HV and disease controls. Agalactosyl IgG levels significantly correlated with disease activity, showed higher predictability of therapeutic outcomes for CD than C-reactive protein levels, and exhibited higher specificity for diagnosing IBD in combination with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA). Validation analysis showed that agalactosyl IgG levels were significantly increased in Japanese and American CD patients. CONCLUSIONS A lectin-EIA for agalactosyl IgG is a novel biomarker for IBD, especially in patients with CD.
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Nakamura S, Horie M, Fujino K, Matsumoto Y, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Generation of human bronchial epithelial cell lines expressing inactive mutants of GALNT3. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1493-6. [PMID: 22785053 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a tool to understand the role of mucins in the infection of respiratory viruses, we established cell lines stably expressing inactive mutants of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3), which initiates O-glycosylation of mucins. We introduced single amino acid mutations into the regions essential for the enzyme activity of GALNT3 using the expression plasmid of human GALNT3 and transfected the mutant constructs into a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. We showed that although the mutants of GALNT3 exhibit an authentic localization at the Golgi apparatus, the glycosylation pattern of the expressing cell lines appeared to be different from that of the cells expressing wild-type GALNT3. These results suggested that the established cell lines express inactive forms of GALNT3 and might be useful in investigation of the significance of O-glycosylation of mucins in respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Nakamura
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Vasta GR, Nita-Lazar M, Giomarelli B, Ahmed H, Du S, Cammarata M, Parrinello N, Bianchet MA, Amzel LM. Structural and functional diversity of the lectin repertoire in teleost fish: relevance to innate and adaptive immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1388-99. [PMID: 21896283 PMCID: PMC3429948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions mediated by lectins have been recognized as key components of innate immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates, not only for recognition of potential pathogens, but also for participating in downstream effector functions, such as their agglutination, immobilization, and complement-mediated opsonization and killing. More recently, lectins have been identified as critical regulators of mammalian adaptive immune responses. Fish are endowed with virtually all components of the mammalian adaptive immunity, and are equipped with a complex lectin repertoire. In this review, we discuss evidence suggesting that: (a) lectin repertoires in teleost fish are highly diversified, and include not only representatives of the lectin families described in mammals, but also members of lectin families described for the first time in fish species; (b) the tissue-specific expression and localization of the diverse lectin repertoires and their molecular partners is consistent with their distinct biological roles in innate and adaptive immunity; (c) although some lectins may bind endogenous ligands, others bind sugars on the surface of potential pathogens; (d) in addition to pathogen recognition and opsonization, some lectins display additional effector roles, such as complement activation and regulation of immune functions; (e) some lectins that recognize exogenous ligands mediate processes unrelated to immunity: they may act as anti-freeze proteins or prevent polyspermia during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program in the Biology of Model Systems, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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Bleuler-Martínez S, Butschi A, Garbani M, Wälti MA, Wohlschlager T, Potthoff E, Sabotiĉ J, Pohleven J, Lüthy P, Hengartner MO, Aebi M, Künzler M. A lectin-mediated resistance of higher fungi against predators and parasites. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:3056-70. [PMID: 21486374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fruiting body lectins are ubiquitous in higher fungi and characterized by being synthesized in the cytoplasm and up-regulated during sexual development. The function of these lectins is unclear. A lack of phenotype in sexual development upon inactivation of the respective genes argues against a function in this process. We tested a series of characterized fruiting body lectins from different fungi for toxicity towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the mosquito Aedes aegypti and the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. Most of the fungal lectins were found to be toxic towards at least one of the three target organisms. By altering either the fungal lectin or the glycans of the target organisms, or by including soluble carbohydrate ligands as competitors, we demonstrate that the observed toxicity is dependent on the interaction between the fungal lectins and specific glycans in the target organisms. The toxicity was found to be dose-dependent such that low levels of lectin were no longer toxic but still led to food avoidance by C. elegans. Finally, we show, in an ecologically more relevant scenario, that challenging the vegetative mycelium of Coprinopsis cinerea with the fungal-feeding nematode Aphelenchus avenae induces the expression of the nematotoxic fruiting body lectins CGL1 and CGL2. Based on these findings, we propose that filamentous fungi possess an inducible resistance against predators and parasites mediated by lectins that are specific for glycans of these antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bleuler-Martínez
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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Chachadi VB, Inamdar SR, Yu LG, Rhodes JM, Swamy BM. Exquisite binding specificity of Sclerotium rolfsii lectin toward TF-related O-linked mucin-type glycans. Glycoconj J 2011; 28:49-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-011-9323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Wu AM, Liu JH, Gong YP, Li CC, Chang ET. Multiple recognition systems adopting four different glycotopes at the same domain for the Agaricus bisporus
agglutinin-glycan interactions. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:3561-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huang W, Wang D, Yamada M, Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and lectin array characterization of a class of N-glycan clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:17963-71. [PMID: 19916512 DOI: 10.1021/ja9078539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycans are major components of many glycoproteins. These sugar moieties are frequently involved in important physiological and disease processes via their interactions with a variety of glycan-binding proteins (GBP). Clustering effect is an important feature in many glycan-lectin interactions. We describe in this paper a chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel N-glycan clusters using a tandem endoglycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation. It was found that the internal beta-1,2-linked GlcNAc moieties in the N-glycan core, once exposed in the nonreducing terminus, was able to serve as acceptors for transglycosylation catalyzed by Endo-A and EndoM-N175A. This efficient chemoenzymatic method allows a quick extension of the sugar chains to form a class of glycan clusters in which sugar residues are all connected by native glycosidic linkages found in natural N-glycans. In addition, a discriminative enzymatic reaction at the two GlcNAc residues could be fulfilled to afford novel hybrid clusters. Lectin microarray studies revealed unusual properties in glyco-epitope expression by this panel of structurally well-defined synthetic N-glycans. These new compounds are likely valuable for functional glycomics studies to unveil new functions of both glycans and carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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33
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Lannoo N, Van Damme EJM. Nucleocytoplasmic plant lectins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1800:190-201. [PMID: 19647040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade it was unambiguously shown that plants synthesize minute amounts of carbohydrate-binding proteins upon exposure to stress situations like drought, high salt, hormone treatment, pathogen attack or insect herbivory. In contrast to the 'classical' plant lectins, which are typically found in storage vacuoles or in the extracellular compartment this new class of lectins is located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Based on these observations the concept was developed that lectin-mediated protein-carbohydrate interactions in the cytoplasm and the nucleus play an important role in the stress physiology of the plant cell. Hitherto, six families of nucleocytoplasmic lectins have been identified. This review gives an overview of our current knowledge on the occurrence of nucleocytoplasmic plant lectins. The carbohydrate-binding properties of these lectins and potential ligands in the nucleocytoplasmic compartment are discussed in view of the physiological role of the lectins in the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaä Lannoo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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34
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Hirabayashi J. Concept, Strategy and Realization of Lectin-based Glycan Profiling. J Biochem 2008; 144:139-47. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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Yamamoto H, Takematsu H, Fujinawa R, Naito Y, Okuno Y, Tsujimoto G, Suzuki A, Kozutsumi Y. Correlation index-based responsible-enzyme gene screening (CIRES), a novel DNA microarray-based method for enzyme gene involved in glycan biosynthesis. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1232. [PMID: 18043739 PMCID: PMC2077928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycan biosynthesis occurs though a multi-step process that requires a variety of enzymes ranging from glycosyltransferases to those involved in cytosolic sugar metabolism. In many cases, glycan biosynthesis follows a glycan-specific, linear pathway. As glycosyltransferases are generally regulated at the level of transcription, assessing the overall transcriptional profile for glycan biosynthesis genes seems warranted. However, a systematic approach for assessing the correlation between glycan expression and glycan-related gene expression has not been reported previously. METHODOLOGY To facilitate genetic analysis of glycan biosynthesis, we sought to correlate the expression of genes involved in cell-surface glycan formation with the expression of the glycans, as detected by glycan-recognizing probes. We performed cross-sample comparisons of gene expression profiles using a newly developed, glycan-focused cDNA microarray. Cell-surface glycan expression profiles were obtained using flow cytometry of cells stained with plant lectins. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for these profiles and were used to identify enzyme genes correlated with glycan biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS This method, designated correlation index-based responsible-enzyme gene screening (CIRES), successfully identified genes already known to be involved in the biosynthesis of certain glycans. Our evaluation of CIRES indicates that it is useful for identifying genes involved in the biosynthesis of glycan chains that can be probed with lectins using flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Reiko Fujinawa
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Naito
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okuno
- Department of PharmacoInformatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gozoh Tsujimoto
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kozutsumi
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Supra-Biomolecular System Research Group, RIKEN Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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Wearne KA, Winter HC, Goldstein IJ. Temporal changes in the carbohydrates expressed on BG01 human embryonic stem cells during differentiation as embryoid bodies. Glycoconj J 2007; 25:121-36. [PMID: 17674202 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates present on BG01 human embryonic stem cells after 28 days of differentiation were examined using two classes of carbohydrate binding proteins: lectins and antibodies specific for carbohydrate epitopes. Specificity of lectin staining was verified using carbohydrate ligands to block lectin interaction, glycohydrolases to cleave specific sugar residues that are receptors for these proteins, and periodate oxidation to destroy susceptible sugar residues. Specific antibodies were used to identify various tissue types and germ layers present in the 12- and 28-day differentiating embryoid bodies. Results from 12 and 28-day differentiated embryoid bodies were compared to determine changes over time. A slight increase in the sialylation of alpha-GalNAc was seen between 12 and 28 days of differentiation due to the presence of sialyl Tn and/or other sialylated alpha-GalNAc residues. Increases were also observed in GalNAc, the T antigen (Gal beta1,3 GalNAc), and difucosylated LacNAc residues during this time interval. Additionally, some distinct differences in the pattern of lectin staining between 12 and 28 days were observed. Not unexpectedly, the presence of most differentiated cell-types increased during this time period with the exception of neural progenitors, which decreased. Undifferentiated cells, which were prevalent in the 12-day EBs, were undetectable after 28 days. We conclude that several changes in glycosylation occurred during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and that these changes may play a role in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Wearne
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 3220E MSRBIII, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Peumans WJ, Fouquaert E, Jauneau A, Rougé P, Lannoo N, Hamada H, Alvarez R, Devreese B, Van Damme EJM. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha expresses orthologs of the fungal Agaricus bisporus agglutinin family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:637-47. [PMID: 17041032 PMCID: PMC1914199 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.087437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A lectin different from the previously described mannose-binding agglutinins has been isolated from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Biochemical characterization of the purified lectin combined with the data from earlier transcriptome analyses demonstrated that the novel M. polymorpha agglutinin is not related to any of the known plant lectin families, but closely resembles the Agaricus bisporus-type lectins, which hitherto have been found exclusively in fungi. Immunolocalization studies confirmed that lectin is exclusively associated with plant cells, ruling out the possibility of a fungal origin. Extensive screening of publicly accessible databases confirmed that, apart from fungi, the occurrence of A. bisporus-type lectins is confined to M. polymorpha and the moss Tortula ruralis. Expression of a typical fungal protein in a liverwort and a moss raises the question of the origin of the corresponding genes. Regardless of the evolutionary origin, the presence of a functional A. bisporus lectin ortholog in M. polymorpha provides evidence for the expression of an additional carbohydrate-binding domain in Viridiplantae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy J Peumans
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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38
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Leonidas DD, Swamy BM, Hatzopoulos GN, Gonchigar SJ, Chachadi VB, Inamdar SR, Zographos SE, Oikonomakos NG. Structural Basis for the Carbohydrate Recognition of the Sclerotium rolfsii Lectin. J Mol Biol 2007; 368:1145-61. [PMID: 17391699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a novel fungal lectin from Sclerotium rolfsii (SRL) in its free form and in complex with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl- d -glucosamine (GlcNAc) has been determined at 1.1 A, 2.0 A, and 1.7 A resolution, respectively. The protein structure is composed of two beta-sheets, which consist of four and six beta-strands, connected by two alpha-helices. Sequence and structural comparisons reveal that SRL is the third member of a newly identified family of fungal lectins, which includes lectins from Agaricus bisporus and Xerocomus chrysenteron that share a high degree of structural similarity and carbohydrate specificity. The data for the free SRL are the highest resolution data for any protein of this family. The crystal structures of the SRL in complex with two carbohydrates, GalNAc and GlcNAc, which differ only in the configuration of a single epimeric hydroxyl group, provide the structural basis for its carbohydrate specificity. SRL has two distinct carbohydrate-binding sites, a primary and a secondary. GalNAc binds at the primary site, whereas GlcNAc binds only at the secondary site. Thus, SRL has the ability to recognize and probably bind at the same time two different carbohydrate structures. Structural comparison to Agaricus bisporus lectin-carbohydrate complexes reveals that the primary site is also able to bind the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Galbeta1-->3GalNAc-alpha- glycan structures) whereas the secondary site cannot. The features of the molecular recognition at the two sites are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetres D Leonidas
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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Kamekawa N, Hayama K, Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Kuno A, Hirabayashi J. A Combined Strategy for Glycan Profiling: a Model Study with Pyridylaminated Oligosaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 140:337-47. [PMID: 16861248 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Structural glycomics plays a fundamental role in glycoscience and glycotechnology. In this paper, a novel strategy for the structural characterization of glycans is described, in which MS2 analysis involving a LIFT-TOF/TOF procedure is combined with frontal affinity chromatography (FAC). As model compounds, 20 neutral pyridylaminated (PA) oligosaccharides were chosen, which included four groups of structural isomers differing in sequence, linkage, position, or branching features. By depicting significant diagnostic ions on MS2, most of the analyzed oligosaccharides were successfully differentiated, while two pairs of linkage isomers, i.e., LNT/LNnT, and LNH/LNnH were not. For subsequent analysis by FAC, 14 lectins showing significant affinity to either LNT (type 1) or LNnT (type 2) were screened, and a galectin from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium (GC1) and a plant seed lectin from Ricinus communis (RCA-I) were used for determination of type 1 and 2 chains, respectively. With these specific probes, both of the isomeric pairs were unambiguously differentiated. Furthermore, a pair of triantennary, asparagine-linked oligosaccharide isomers could also be successfully differentiated. Thus, the combination of MS2 and FAC is a practical alternative for the structural characterization of complex glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kamekawa
- Glycostructure Analysis Team, Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central-2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568
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40
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Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Kominami J, Kamei M, Koyama Y, Suzuki T, Isemura M, Hirabayashi J. Comparative analysis by frontal affinity chromatography of oligosaccharide specificity of GlcNAc-binding lectins, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-II (GSL-II) and Boletopsis leucomelas lectin (BLL). J Biochem 2006; 140:285-91. [PMID: 16835257 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-based structural glycomics requires a search for useful lectins and their biochemical characterization to profile complex features of glycans. In this paper, two GlcNAc-binding lectins are reported with their detailed oligosaccharide specificity. One is a classic plant lectin, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-II (GSL-II), and the other is a novel fungal lectin, Boletopsis leucomelas lectin (BLL). Their sugar-binding specificity was analyzed by frontal affinity chromatography using 146 glycans (125 pyridylaminated and 21 p-nitrophenyl saccharides). As a result, it was found that both GSL-II and BLL showed significant affinity toward complex-type N-glycans, which are either partially or completely agalactosylated. However, their branch-specific features differed significantly: GSL-II strongly bound to agalacto-type, tri- or tetra-antennary N-glycans with its primary recognition of a GlcNAc residue transferred by GlcNAc-transferase IV, while BLL preferred N-glycans with fewer branches. In fact, the presence of a GlcNAc residue transferred by GlcNAc-transferase V abolishes the binding of BLL. Thus, GSL-II and BLL forms a pair of complementally probes to profile a series of agalacto-type N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Nakamura-Tsuruta
- Glycostructure Analysis Team, Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568
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