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Murata K, Makino A, Tomonaga K, Masumoto H. Predicted risk of heart failure pandemic due to persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection using a three-dimensional cardiac model. iScience 2024; 27:108641. [PMID: 38299028 PMCID: PMC10829886 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic cardiomyopathy may have persistent viral infections in their hearts, particularly with SARS-CoV-2, which targets the ACE2 receptor highly expressed in human hearts. This raises concerns about a potential global heart failure pandemic stemming from COVID-19, an SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in near future. Although faced with this healthcare caveat, there is limited research on persistent viral heart infections, and no models have been established. In this study, we created an SARS-CoV-2 persistent infection model using human iPS cell-derived cardiac microtissues (CMTs). Mild infections sustained viral presence without significant dysfunction for a month, indicating persistent infection. However, when exposed to hypoxic conditions mimicking ischemic heart diseases, cardiac function deteriorated alongside intracellular SARS-CoV-2 reactivation in cardiomyocytes and disrupted vascular network formation. This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 persistently infects the heart opportunistically causing cardiac dysfunction triggered by detrimental stimuli such as ischemia, potentially predicting a post COVID-19 era heart failure pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Murata
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Komorizono R, Fujino K, Kessler S, Runge S, Kanda T, Horie M, Makino A, Rubbenstroth D, Tomonaga K. Reverse genetics of parrot bornavirus 4 reveals a unique splicing of the glycoprotein gene that affects viral propagation. J Virol 2023; 97:e0050923. [PMID: 37578232 PMCID: PMC10506466 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00509-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can utilize host splicing machinery to enable the expression of multiple genes from a limited-sized genome. Orthobornaviruses use alternative splicing to regulate the expression level of viral proteins and achieve efficient viral replication in the nucleus. Although more than 20 orthobornaviruses have been identified belonging to eight different viral species, virus-specific splicing has not been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate that the glycoprotein (G) transcript of parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4; species Orthobornavirus alphapsittaciforme), a highly virulent virus in psittacines, undergoes mRNA splicing and expresses a soluble isoform termed sGP. Interestingly, the splicing donor for sGP is not conserved in other orthobornaviruses, including those belonging to the same orthobornavirus species, suggesting that this splicing has evolved as a PaBV-4-specific event. We have also shown that exogenous expression of sGP does not affect PaBV-4 replication or de novo virion infectivity. In this study, to investigate the role of sGP in viral replication, we established a reverse genetics system for PaBV-4 by using avian cell lines and generated a recombinant virus lacking the spliced mRNA for sGP. Using the recombinant viruses, we show that the replication of the sGP-deficient virus is significantly slower than that of the wild-type virus and that the exogenous expression of sGP cannot restore its propagation efficiency. These results suggest that autologous or controlled expression of sGP by splicing may be important for PaBV-4 propagation. The reverse genetics system for avian bornaviruses developed here will be a powerful tool for understanding the replication strategies and pathogenesis of avian orthobornaviruses. IMPORTANCE Parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) is the dominant cause of proventricular dilatation disease, a severe gastrointestinal and central nervous system disease among avian bornaviruses. In this study, we discovered that PaBV-4 expresses a soluble isoform of glycoprotein (G), called sGP, through alternative splicing of the G mRNA, which is unique to this virus. To understand the role of sGP in viral replication, we generated recombinant PaBV-4 lacking the newly identified splicing donor site for sGP using a reverse genetics system and found that its propagation was significantly slower than that of the wild-type virus, suggesting that sGP plays an essential role in PaBV-4 infection. Our results provide important insights not only into the replication strategy but also into the pathogenesis of PaBV-4, which is the most prevalent bornavirus in captive psittacines worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Komorizono
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kan Fujino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kessler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Solveig Runge
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takehiro Kanda
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Virology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel, Riems, Germany
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Garcia BCB, Mukai Y, Tomonaga K, Horie M. The hidden diversity of ancient bornaviral sequences from X and P genes in vertebrate genomes. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead038. [PMID: 37360682 PMCID: PMC10288550 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) are heritable sequences derived from bornaviruses in vertebrate genomes that originate from transcripts of ancient bornaviruses. EBLs have been detected using sequence similarity searches such as tBLASTn, whose technical limitations may hinder the detection of EBLs derived from small and/or rapidly evolving viral X and P genes. Indeed, no EBLs derived from the X and P genes of orthobornaviruses have been detected to date in vertebrate genomes. Here, we aimed to develop a novel strategy to detect such 'hidden' EBLs. To this aim, we focused on the 1.9-kb read-through transcript of orthobornaviruses, which encodes a well-conserved N gene and small and rapidly evolving X and P genes. We show a series of evidence supporting the existence of EBLs derived from orthobornaviral X and P genes (EBLX/Ps) in mammalian genomes. Furthermore, we found that an EBLX/P is expressed as a fusion transcript with the cellular gene, ZNF451, which potentially encodes the ZNF451/EBLP fusion protein in miniopterid bat cells. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of ancient bornaviruses and co-evolution between bornaviruses and their hosts. Furthermore, our data suggest that endogenous viral elements are more abundant than those previously appreciated using BLAST searches alone, and further studies are required to understand ancient viruses more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Clarise B Garcia
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Orai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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4
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Sunagawa J, Komorizono R, Park H, Hart WS, Thompson RN, Makino A, Tomonaga K, Iwami S, Yamaguchi R. Contact-number-driven virus evolution: A multi-level modeling framework for the evolution of acute or persistent RNA virus infection. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011173. [PMID: 37253076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses evolve in infected host populations, and host population dynamics affect viral evolution. RNA viruses with a short duration of infection and a high peak viral load, such as SARS-CoV-2, are maintained in human populations. By contrast, RNA viruses characterized by a long infection duration and a low peak viral load (e.g., borna disease virus) can be maintained in nonhuman populations, and the process of the evolution of persistent viruses has rarely been explored. Here, using a multi-level modeling approach including both individual-level virus infection dynamics and population-scale transmission, we consider virus evolution based on the host environment, specifically, the effect of the contact history of infected hosts. We found that, with a highly dense contact history, viruses with a high virus production rate but low accuracy are likely to be optimal, resulting in a short infectious period with a high peak viral load. In contrast, with a low-density contact history, viral evolution is toward low virus production but high accuracy, resulting in long infection durations with low peak viral load. Our study sheds light on the origin of persistent viruses and why acute viral infections but not persistent virus infection tends to prevail in human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Sunagawa
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Komorizono
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hyeongki Park
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - William S Hart
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N Thompson
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Iwami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
- NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Science Groove Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Yamazaki H, Yamamoto N, Sonoyama T, Maruoka H, Nasu S, Makino A, Tomonaga K, Shigemoto N, Ohge H, Fujiwara K, Shinohara S, Takeno S, Omori K, Naito Y. A multicenter study to investigate the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in middle ear and mastoid specimens from otologic surgery patients. Auris Nasus Larynx 2023; 50:285-291. [PMID: 35945108 PMCID: PMC9334977 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Otologic surgeries with drilling by powered instruments induce significant aerosols, which may induce SARS-CoV-2 transmission to medical staff if SARS-CoV-2 exists in the middle ear and mastoid cavity. During a COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, confirming a negative COVID-19 test prior to otologic surgery is recommended. However, previous coronavirus studies demonstrated that coronavirus was detected in the middle ear in some patients even though the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using their nasopharyngeal swab was negative. This study aimed to elucidate the probability of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test in the middle ear or mastoid specimens from otologic surgery patients in whom SARS-CoV-2 was not detected by preoperative PCR test using a nasopharyngeal swab. METHODS We conducted a prospective, multicenter clinical study. Between April 2020 and December 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 251 ears of the 228 participants who underwent otologic surgery were included in this study. All participants had no symptoms suggesting COVID-19 or close contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient two weeks prior to the surgery. They were also negative in the SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests using a nasopharyngeal swab before surgery. We collected mucosa, granulation, bone dust with mucosa or fluid from the middle ear or mastoid for the SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests during each otologic surgery. RESULTS The median age of the participants at surgery was 31.5 years old. Mastoidectomy using a powered instrument was conducted in 180 of 251 otologic surgeries (71.8%). According to intraoperative findings, active inflammation in the middle ear or mastoid cavities was evident in 20 otologic surgeries (8.0%), while minor inflammation was observed in 77 (30.7%). All SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests of otologic specimens showed a negative result. No patient suffered from COVID-19 within two months after otologic surgery. Furthermore, no hospital-acquired infections associated with otologic surgery occurred in our institutions CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that PCR testing did not detect SARS-CoV-2 in middle ear and mastoid specimens, suggesting that the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not high in otologic surgeries even using powered instruments when both clinical and laboratory tests are confirmed to be negative for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Hearing Research Division, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Sonoyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hayato Maruoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiko Nasu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shigemoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keizo Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Shinohara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sachio Takeno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Naito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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6
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Kawasaki J, Tomonaga K, Horie M. Large-scale investigation of zoonotic viruses in the era of high-throughput sequencing. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:1-13. [PMID: 36259224 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases considerably impact public health and socioeconomics. RNA viruses reportedly caused approximately 94% of zoonotic diseases documented from 1990 to 2010, emphasizing the importance of investigating RNA viruses in animals. Furthermore, it has been estimated that hundreds of thousands of animal viruses capable of infecting humans are yet to be discovered, warning against the inadequacy of our understanding of viral diversity. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has enabled the identification of viral infections with relatively little bias. Viral searches using both symptomatic and asymptomatic animal samples by HTS have revealed hidden viral infections. This review introduces the history of viral searches using HTS, current analytical limitations, and future potentials. We primarily summarize recent research on large-scale investigations on viral infections reusing HTS data from public databases. Furthermore, considering the accumulation of uncultivated viruses, we discuss current studies and challenges for connecting viral sequences to their phenotypes using various approaches: performing data analysis, developing predictive modeling, or implementing high-throughput platforms of virological experiments. We believe that this article provides a future direction in large-scale investigations of potential zoonotic viruses using the HTS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Kawasaki
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Kanda T, Tomonaga K. Reverse Genetics and Artificial Replication Systems of Borna Disease Virus 1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102236. [PMID: 36298790 PMCID: PMC9612284 DOI: 10.3390/v14102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a neurotropic RNA virus belonging to the family Bornaviridae within the order Mononegavirales. Whereas BoDV-1 causes neurological and behavioral disorders, called Borna disease (BD), in a wide range of mammals, its virulence in humans has been debated for several decades. However, a series of case reports in recent years have established the nature of BoDV-1 as a zoonotic pathogen that causes fatal encephalitis in humans. Although many virological properties of BoDV-1 have been revealed to date, the mechanism by which it causes fatal encephalitis in humans remains unclear. In addition, there are no effective vaccines or antiviral drugs that can be used in clinical practice. A reverse genetics approach to generating replication-competent recombinant viruses from full-length cDNA clones is a powerful tool that can be used to not only understand viral properties but also to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs. The rescue of recombinant BoDV-1 (rBoDV-1) was first reported in 2005. However, due to the slow nature of the replication of this virus, the rescue of high-titer rBoDV-1 required several months, limiting the use of this system. This review summarizes the history of the reverse genetics and artificial replication systems for orthobornaviruses and explores the recent progress in efforts to rescue rBoDV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kanda
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Kanda T, Sakai M, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Exogenous expression of both matrix protein and glycoprotein facilitates infectious viral particle production of Borna disease virus 1. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35819821 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus that is characterized by persistent infection in the nucleus and low production of progeny virions. This feature impedes not only the harvesting of infectious viral particles from infected cells but also the rescue of high titres of recombinant BoDV-1 (rBoDV-1) by reverse genetics. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous expression of both matrix protein (M) and glycoprotein (G), which are constituents of the viral lipid envelope, significantly facilitates the formation of infectious particles and propagation of BoDV-1 without affecting its viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, simultaneous transfection of M and G expression plasmids with N, P and L helper plasmids by reverse genetics drastically enhances the rescue efficiency of rBoDV-1. On the other hand, we also show that overexpression of M induces obvious cytotoxicity similar to that of other Mononegaviruses. Together with our recent report showing that excess expression of G induces aberrant accumulation of immature G, a potential stimulator of the host innate immune response, it is conceivable that BoDV-1 may suppress excess expression of M and G to reduce the cytopathic effect, thereby leading to maintenance of persistent infection. Our results contribute not only to the establishment of an efficient method to recover high-titre BoDV-1 but also to understanding the unique mechanism of persistent BoDV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kanda
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Matsunaga H, Takeuchi H, Oba Y, Fujimi S, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Waning of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Levels 100 to 200 Days after the Second Dose of the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020177. [PMID: 35214636 PMCID: PMC8879303 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies of 444 vaccinated hospital employees in Japan were measured 94–109 days and 199–212 days after receiving the second BNT162b2 vaccine dose to evaluate the intensity and duration of antibody response in our own cohort. Among uninfected participants, anti-S antibody levels were greatly decreased 199–212 days after the second vaccination compared to the levels measured 94–109 days after the second vaccination (median levels: 830 AU/mL and 2425 AU/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). The rate of decrease between the two testing periods was lower in infected participants than in uninfected participants (median: 47.7% and 33.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). Anti-S antibody levels were significantly higher in females (median: females, 2546 AU/mL; males, 2041 AU/mL; p = 0.002 during the first test period). The peak body temperature after vaccination was higher in females than in males (median: females, 37.4 °C; males: 37.1 °C; p = 0.044). Older males tended to have lower antibody levels. In conclusion, the duration of the anti-S antibody response to the BNT162b2 vaccine was short-lived, particularly in males. Anti-S antibody levels of 1000 AU/mL or lower according to SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott) might indicate insufficient prevention against the delta variant, and the majority of participants appeared to have lost their protection 200 days after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6692-1201
| | - Hidefumi Takeuchi
- Institute for General Research, Nihon Igaku Ltd., Kaizuka-City, Osaka 597-0081, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Oba
- Department of General Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fujimi
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
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10
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Mukai Y, Horie M, Kojima S, Kawasaki J, Maeda K, Tomonaga K. An endogenous bornavirus‐like nucleoprotein in miniopterid bats retains the RNA‐binding properties of the original viral protein. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:323-337. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses Department of Virus Research Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses Department of Virus Research Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology Division of Veterinary Sciences Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Izumisano Osaka Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases Osaka Japan
| | - Shohei Kojima
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses Department of Virus Research Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Junna Kawasaki
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses Department of Virus Research Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses Department of Virus Research Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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11
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Hirai Y, Tomonaga K, Horie M. Borna disease virus phosphoprotein triggers the organization of viral inclusion bodies by liquid-liquid phase separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:55-63. [PMID: 34606793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) are characteristic biomolecular condensates organized by the non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the order Mononegavirales. Although recent studies have revealed the characteristics of IBs formed by cytoplasmic mononegaviruses, that of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a unique mononegavirus that forms IBs in the cell nucleus and establishes persistent infection remains elusive. Here, we characterize the IBs of BoDV-1 in terms of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The BoDV-1 phosphoprotein (P) alone induces LLPS and the nucleoprotein (N) is incorporated into the P droplets in vitro. In contrast, co-expression of N and P is required for the formation of IB-like structure in cells. Furthermore, while BoDV-1 P binds to RNA, an excess amount of RNA dissolves the liquid droplets formed by N and P in vitro. Notably, the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of BoDV-1 P is essential to drive LLPS and to bind to RNA, suggesting that both abilities could compete with one another. These features are unique among mononegaviruses, and thus this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of LLPS-driven organization and RNA-mediated regulation of biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hirai
- Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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12
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Lin HH, Horie M, Tomonaga K. A comprehensive profiling of innate immune responses in Eptesicus bat cells. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 66:97-112. [PMID: 34842304 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bats (the order Chiroptera), including those of the genus Eptesicus, have been reported to serve as reservoirs of several zoonotic viruses. Notably, bats have been reported to lack obvious symptoms of infection with such viruses and are thought to have unique immune system responses. However, the responses of their innate immune system, the first line of immunity, remain largely unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the expression profiles in two Eptesicus bat cell lines to investigate their innate immune responses. The gene expression profiles after polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) induction were similar between the two bat cell lines, but uniquely upregulated differentially expressed genes were also identified. We also revealed that the upregulated genes of Eptesicus bat cells were distinct from those of human epithelial cells in response to induction. Moreover, the basal expression levels of several immune-related genes were higher in bat cells than in human cells. We also identified unannotated novel transcripts that were upregulated after induction and novel microRNAs expressed in bat cells, some of which were upregulated by poly (I:C) treatment. This is the first report to illustrate the innate immune response in Eptesicus bat cells; therefore, this study provides basic and novel insights into bat innate immunity. Our data represent a valuable resource for future studies into bat immunity and the biology of Eptesicus bats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hen Lin
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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Yanai M, Sakai M, Komorizono R, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Stability of Borna disease virus-based episomal vector under physical and chemical stimulation. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 66:24-30. [PMID: 34617609 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV), a nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA virus, establishes persistent infection and replicates in the cell nucleus. Since BoDV genomic RNA exists as episomal RNA, the host genome is not invaded by BoDV infection. These unique features make BoDV a promising gene delivery system as an RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec). Previously, the stable expression of genes of interest in vitro and in vivo using a REVec was reported. For the clinical application of a REVec, the fundamental properties under various physical and chemical conditions must be determined to develop purification processes, supply chains, and biosafety management. This study investigated the effects of the following conditions on the inducibility of transmission-defective ΔG-REVec: freeze-thaw cycles, dehydration, UV, temperature, pH, and reagents for virucides and laboratory experiments. Although the titer of ΔG-REVec was not influenced by the freeze-thaw process or 5 minute incubation at ≤50°C, ΔG-REVec was significantly inactivated by incubation at ≥70°C for 5 minutes. The induction titer of ΔG-REVec was decreased by long-term incubation, dehydration, and UV irradiation in a temperature- and time-dependent manner. ΔG-REVec was sensitive to lower pH and inactivated by chemical reagents under general conditions. These results provide important knowledge for developing the clinical use of REVec and biosafety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yanai
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Komorizono
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Kawasaki J, Kojima S, Tomonaga K, Horie M. Hidden Viral Sequences in Public Sequencing Data and Warning for Future Emerging Diseases. mBio 2021; 12:e0163821. [PMID: 34399612 PMCID: PMC8406186 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01638-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses cause numerous emerging diseases, mostly due to transmission from mammalian and avian reservoirs. Large-scale surveillance of RNA viral infections in these animals is a fundamental step for controlling viral infectious diseases. Metagenomic analysis is a powerful method for virus identification with low bias and has contributed substantially to the discovery of novel viruses. Deep-sequencing data have been collected from diverse animals and accumulated in public databases, which can be valuable resources for identifying unknown viral sequences. Here, we screened for infections of 33 RNA viral families in publicly available mammalian and avian sequencing data and found approximately 900 hidden viral infections. We also discovered six nearly complete viral genomes in livestock, wild, and experimental animals: hepatovirus in a goat, hepeviruses in blind mole-rats and a galago, astrovirus in macaque monkeys, parechovirus in a cow, and pegivirus in tree shrews. Some of these viruses were phylogenetically close to human-pathogenic viruses, suggesting the potential risk of causing disease in humans upon infection. Furthermore, infections of five novel viruses were identified in several different individuals, indicating that their infections may have already spread in the natural host population. Our findings demonstrate the reusability of public sequencing data for surveying viral infections and identifying novel viral sequences, presenting a warning about a new threat of viral infectious disease to public health. IMPORTANCE Monitoring the spread of viral infections and identifying novel viruses capable of infecting humans through animal reservoirs are necessary to control emerging viral diseases. Massive amounts of sequencing data collected from various animals are publicly available, and these data may contain sequences originating from a wide variety of viruses. Here, we analyzed more than 46,000 public sequencing data and identified approximately 900 hidden RNA viral infections in mammalian and avian samples. Some viruses discovered in this study were genetically similar to pathogens that cause hepatitis, diarrhea, or encephalitis in humans, suggesting the presence of new threats to public health. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of reusing public sequencing data to identify known and unknown viral infections, indicating that future continuous monitoring of public sequencing data by metagenomic analyses would help prepare and mitigate future viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Kawasaki
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohei Kojima
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Garcia BCB, Horie M, Kojima S, Makino A, Tomonaga K. BUD23-TRMT112 interacts with the L protein of Borna disease virus and mediates the chromosomal tethering of viral ribonucleoproteins. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:492-504. [PMID: 34324219 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Persistent intranuclear infection is an uncommon infection strategy among RNA viruses. However, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus, maintains viral infection in the cell nucleus by forming structured aggregates of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs), and by tethering these vRNPs onto the host chromosomes. To better understand the nuclear infection strategy of BoDV-1, we determined the host protein interactors of the BoDV-1 large (L) protein. By proximity-dependent biotinylation, we identified several nuclear host proteins interacting with BoDV-1 L, one of which is TRMT112, a partner of several RNA methyltransferases (MTase). TRMT112 binds with BoDV-1 L at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain, together with BUD23, an 18S rRNA MTase and 40S ribosomal maturation factor. We then discovered that BUD23-TRMT112 mediates the chromosomal tethering of BoDV-1 vRNPs, and that the MTase activity is necessary in the tethering process. These findings provide us a better understanding on how nuclear host proteins assist the chromosomal tethering of BoDV-1, as well as new prospects of host-viral interactions for intranuclear infection strategy of orthobornaviruses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Clarise B Garcia
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto.,Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Shohei Kojima
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Matsunaga H, Makino A, Kato Y, Murakami T, Yamaguchi Y, Kumanogoh A, Oba Y, Fujimi S, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Radioligand Assay-Based Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Hospital Workers Treating Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Japan. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020347. [PMID: 33672213 PMCID: PMC7926924 DOI: 10.3390/v13020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is prevalent among the staff of a hospital providing treatment to patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using radioligand assay (RLA). One thousand samples from the staff of a general hospital providing treatment to patients with severe COVID-19 were assayed for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) IgG using RLA. Nine patients with COVID-19 who had been treated in inpatient settings and had already recovered were used as control subjects, and 186 blood donor samples obtained more than 10 years ago were used as negative controls. Four of the 1000 samples showed apparently positive results, and approximately 10 or more samples showed slightly high counts. Interestingly, a few among the blood donor samples also showed slightly high values. To validate the results, antibody examinations using ELISA and neutralizing antibody tests were performed on 21 samples, and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) was performed on 201 samples, both resulting in a very high correlation. One blood donor sample showed slightly positive results in both RLA and CLIA, suggesting a cross-reaction. This study showed that five months after the pandemic began in Japan, the staff of a general hospital with a tertiary emergency medical facility had an extremely low seroprevalence of the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Further investigation will be needed to determine whether the slightly high results were due to cross-reactions or a low titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The quantitative RLA was considered sensitive enough to detect low titers of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Teruaki Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuta Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuichiro Oba
- Department of General Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fujimi
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (A.M.); (K.T.)
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17
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Hirai Y, Domae E, Yoshikawa Y, Tomonaga K. Differential roles of two DDX17 isoforms in the formation of membraneless organelles. J Biochem 2021; 168:33-40. [PMID: 32065632 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA helicase, DDX17 is a member of the DEAD-box protein family. DDX17 has two isoforms: p72 and p82. The p82 isoform has additional amino acid sequences called intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which are related to the formation of membraneless organelles (MLOs). Here, we reveal that p72 is mostly localized to the nucleoplasm, while p82 is localized to the nucleoplasm and nucleoli. Additionally, p82 exhibited slower intranuclear mobility than p72. Furthermore, the enzymatic mutants of both p72 and p82 accumulate into the stress granules. The enzymatic mutant of p82 abolishes nucleolar localization of p82. Our findings suggest the importance of IDRs and enzymatic activity of DEAD-box proteins in the intracellular distribution and formation of MLOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hirai
- Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Eisuke Domae
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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18
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Iwamoto M, Shibata Y, Kawasaki J, Kojima S, Li YT, Iwami S, Muramatsu M, Wu HL, Wada K, Tomonaga K, Watashi K, Horie M. Identification of novel avian and mammalian deltaviruses provides new insights into deltavirus evolution. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab003. [PMID: 33614159 PMCID: PMC7882216 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus that requires hepadnavirus envelope proteins for its transmission. Although recent studies identified HDV-related deltaviruses in certain animals, the evolution of deltaviruses, such as the origin of HDV and the mechanism of its coevolution with its helper viruses, is unknown, mainly because of the phylogenetic gaps among deltaviruses. Here, we identified novel deltaviruses of passerine birds, woodchucks, and white-tailed deer by extensive database searches and molecular surveillance. Phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological analyses suggest that HDV originated from mammalian deltaviruses and the past interspecies transmission of mammalian and passerine deltaviruses. Further, metaviromic and experimental analyses suggest that the satellite-helper relationship between HDV and hepadnavirus was established after the divergence of the HDV lineage from non-HDV mammalian deltaviruses. Our findings enhance our understanding of deltavirus evolution, diversity, and transmission, indicating the importance of further surveillance for deltaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Iwamoto
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Mathematical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yukino Shibata
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Junna Kawasaki
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shohei Kojima
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 1-7-22, Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ward, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yung-Tsung Li
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Shingo Iwami
- Mathematical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hui-Lin Wu
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Kazuhiro Wada
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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19
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Komorizono R, Sassa Y, Horie M, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Evolutionary Selection of the Nuclear Localization Signal in the Viral Nucleoprotein Leads to Host Adaptation of the Genus Orthobornavirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111291. [PMID: 33187187 PMCID: PMC7698282 DOI: 10.3390/v12111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of the viral life cycle to host cells is necessary for efficient viral infection and replication. This evolutionary process has contributed to the mechanism for determining the host range of viruses. Orthobornaviruses, members of the family Bornaviridae, are non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, and several genotypes have been isolated from different vertebrate species. Previous studies revealed that some genotypes isolated from avian species can replicate in mammalian cell lines, suggesting the zoonotic potential of avian orthobornaviruses. However, the mechanism by which the host specificity of orthobornaviruses is determined has not yet been identified. In this study, we found that the infectivity of orthobornaviruses is not determined at the viral entry step, mediated by the viral glycoprotein and matrix protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence in the viral nucleoprotein (N) has evolved under natural selection and determines the host-specific viral polymerase activity. A chimeric mammalian orthobornavirus, which has the NLS sequence of avian orthobornavirus N, exhibited a reduced propagation efficiency in mammalian cells. Our findings indicated that nuclear transport of the viral N is a determinant of the host range of orthobornaviruses, providing insights into the evolution and host adaptation of orthobornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Komorizono
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sassa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (K.T.)
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20
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Horie M, Akashi H, Kawata M, Tomonaga K. Identification of a reptile lyssavirus in Anolis allogus provided novel insights into lyssavirus evolution. Virus Genes 2020; 57:40-49. [PMID: 33159637 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lyssaviruses (genus Lyssavirus) are negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae. Although a lyssa-like virus (frog lyssa-like virus 1 [FLLV-1]), which is distantly related to lyssaviruses, was recently identified in frogs, a large phylogenetic gap exists between those viruses, and thus the evolution of lyssaviruses is unclear. In this study, we detected a lyssa-like virus from publicly available RNA-seq data obtained using the brain and skin of Anolis allogus (Spanish flag anole), which was designated anole lyssa-like virus 1 (ALLV-1), and determined its complete coding sequence. Via mapping analysis, we demonstrated that ALLV-1 was actively replicating in the original brain and skin samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ALLV-1 is more closely related to lyssaviruses than FLLV-1. Overall, the topology of the tree is compatible with that of hosts, suggesting the long-term co-divergence of lyssa-like and lyssaviruses and vertebrates. The ψ region, which is a long 3' untranslated region of unknown origin present in the G mRNA of lyssaviruses (approximately 400-700 nucleotides), is also present in the genome of ALLV-1, but it is much shorter (approximately 180 nucleotides) than those of lyssaviruses. Interestingly, FLLV-1 lacks the ψ region, suggesting that the ψ region was acquired after the divergence of the FLLV-1 and ALLV-1/lyssavirus lineages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify a lyssa-like virus in reptiles, and thus, our findings provide novel insights into the evolution of lyssaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Akashi
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Komatsu Y, Kakuya Y, Tomonaga K. Production of high-titer transmission-defective RNA virus-based episomal vector using tangential flow filtration. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:602-609. [PMID: 32644225 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, viral vector based in vivo gene delivery strategies have achieved a significant success in the treatment of genetic diseases. RNA virus-based episomal vector lacking viral glycoprotein gene (ΔG-REVec) is a nontransmissive gene delivery system that enables long-term gene expression in a variety of cell types in vitro, yet in vivo gene delivery has not been successful due to the difficulty in producing high titer vector. The present study showed that tangential flow filtration (TFF) can be effectively employed to increase the titer of ΔG-REVec. Concentration and diafiltration of ΔG-REVec using TFF significantly increased its titer without loss of infectious activity. Importantly, intracranial administration of high titer vector enabled persistent transgene expression in rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Komatsu
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoji Kakuya
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Komatsu Y, Tomonaga K. Reverse genetics approaches of Borna disease virus: applications in development of viral vectors and preventive vaccines. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:42-48. [PMID: 32659515 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The plasmid-based reverse genetics system, which involves generation of recombinant viruses from cloned cDNA, has accelerated the understanding of clinical and virological aspects of different viruses. Borna disease virus (BoDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus that causes persistent intranuclear infection in various vertebrate species. Since its first report, reverse genetics approaches with modified strategies have greatly improved rescue efficiency of recombinant BoDV and enhanced the understanding of function of each viral protein and mechanism of intranuclear persistency. Here, we summarize different reverse genetics approaches of BoDV and recent developments in the use of reverse genetics for generation of viral vectors for gene therapy and virus-like particles for potential preventive vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Komatsu
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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23
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Yamamoto Y, Tomonaga K, Honda T. Development of an RNA Virus-Based Episomal Vector Capable of Switching Transgene Expression. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2485. [PMID: 31781052 PMCID: PMC6851019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors are efficient gene delivery systems, although most of these vectors still present limitations to their practical use, such as achieving only transient transgene expression and a risk of insertional mutations. We have recently developed an RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec), based on nuclear-replicating Borna disease virus (BoDV). REVec can transduce transgenes into various types of cells and stably express transgenes; however, an obstacle to the practical use of REVec is the lack of a mechanism to turn off transgene expression once REVec is transduced. Here, we developed a novel REVec system, REVec-L2b9, in which transgene expression can be switched on and off by using a theophylline-dependent self-cleaving riboswitch. Transgene expression from REVec-L2b9 was suppressed in the absence of theophylline and induced by theophylline administration. Conversely, transgene expression from REVec-L2b9 was switched off by removing theophylline. To our knowledge, REVec-L2b9 is the first nuclear-replicating RNA virus vector capable of switching transgene expression on and off as needed, which will expand the potential for gene therapies by increasing safety and usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Mukai Y, Tomita Y, Kryukov K, Nakagawa S, Ozawa M, Matsui T, Tomonaga K, Imanishi T, Kawaoka Y, Watanabe T, Horie M. Identification of a distinct lineage of aviadenovirus from crane feces. Virus Genes 2019; 55:815-824. [PMID: 31549291 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are believed to be ubiquitous; however, the diversity of viruses is largely unknown because of the bias of previous research toward pathogenic viruses. Deep sequencing is a promising and unbiased approach to detect viruses from animal-derived materials. Although cranes are known to be infected by several viruses such as influenza A viruses, previous studies targeted limited species of viruses, and thus viruses that infect cranes have not been extensively studied. In this study, we collected crane fecal samples in the Izumi plain in Japan, which is an overwintering site for cranes, and performed metagenomic shotgun sequencing analyses. We detected aviadenovirus-like sequences in the fecal samples and tentatively named the discovered virus crane-associated adenovirus 1 (CrAdV-1). We determined that our sequence accounted for approximately three-fourths of the estimated CrAdV-1 genome size (33,245 bp). The GC content of CrAdV-1 genome is 34.1%, which is considerably lower than that of other aviadenoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CrAdV-1 clusters with members of the genus Aviadenovirus, but is distantly related to the previously identified aviadenoviruses. The protein sequence divergence between the DNA polymerase of CrAdV-1 and those of other aviadenoviruses is 45.2-46.8%. Based on these results and the species demarcation for the family Adenoviridae, we propose that CrAdV-1 be classified as a new species in the genus Aviadenovirus. Results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the diversity and evolution of viruses and provide additional information on viruses that infect cranes, which might lead to protection of the endangered species of cranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tomita
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirill Kryukov
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imanishi
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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25
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Watanabe T, Suzuki N, Tomonaga K, Sawa H, Matsuura Y, Kawaguchi Y, Takahashi H, Nagasaki K, Kawaoka Y. Neo-virology: The raison d'etre of viruses. Virus Res 2019; 274:197751. [PMID: 31520652 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Given that approximately 1031 virus particles exist on Earth and all of them are parasitic in living organisms, it is not hard to imagine how virus infection might affect the physiology of hosts and their ecosystems. However, traditional virology research tends to focus on viral pathogenicity or the individual pathogenic viruses; hence, the significance of viruses and viral-mediated processes in the global ecosystem has been poorly understood. To identify the previously unrecognized "raison d'etre of viruses" in nature, we established a research community, designated as the 'Neo-virology' consortium. In this consortium, we define a virus as a component of the global ecosystem and our aim is to elucidate its key roles in host organisms, that is, the intra-host ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keizo Nagasaki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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26
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Komatsu Y, Takeuchi D, Tokunaga T, Sakurai H, Makino A, Honda T, Ikeda Y, Tomonaga K. RNA Virus-Based Episomal Vector with a Fail-Safe Switch Facilitating Efficient Genetic Modification and Differentiation of iPSCs. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:47-55. [PMID: 31309127 PMCID: PMC6606997 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A gene delivery system that allows efficient and safe stem cell modification is critical for next-generation stem cell therapies. An RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec) is a gene transfer system developed based on Borna disease virus (BoDV), which facilitates persistent intranuclear RNA transgene delivery without integrating into the host genome. In this study, we analyzed susceptibility of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from different somatic cell sources to REVec, along with commonly used viral vectors, and demonstrated highly efficient REVec transduction of iPSCs. Using REVec encoding myogenic transcription factor MyoD1, we further demonstrated potential application of the REVec system for inducing differentiation of iPSCs into skeletal muscle cells. Of note, treatment with a small molecule, T-705, completely eliminated REVec in persistently transduced cells. Thus, the REVec system offers a versatile toolbox for stable, integration-free iPSC modification and trans-differentiation, with a unique switch-off mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Komatsu
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research (K-CONNEX), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Dan Takeuchi
- Section of Bacterial Drug Resistance Research, Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tokunaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Etoh S, Kawamura K, Tomonaga K, Miura S, Harada S, Kikuno S, Ueno M, Miyata R, Shimodozono M. The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation before repetitive facilitation exercise on the hemiparetic hand in chronic stroke patients. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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28
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Hirai Y, Domae E, Yoshikawa Y, Okamura H, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Intracellular dynamics of actin affects Borna disease virus replication in the nucleus. Virus Res 2019; 263:179-183. [PMID: 30769121 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus that uniquely replicates and establishes persistent infection in cell nucleus. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of actin in the nucleus and its role in intranuclear phenomena such as transcription and DNA repair. Although nuclear actin is involved in the life cycle of some intranuclear DNA viruses, the interaction between BoDV and nuclear actin has not been reported. In this study, we show that the inhibition of the nucleocytoplasmic transport of actin affects the replication of BoDV in the nucleus. The knockdown of a nuclear export factor of actin, exportin 6, results in the induction of structural aberration in intranuclear viral factories of BoDV. Furthermore, the inhibition of the nuclear export of actin promotes accumulation of viral matrix protein in the cytoplasm and periphery of the infected cells. These results suggest that the dynamics of actin affect the replication of BoDV by disturbing the structure of viral factories in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hirai
- Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Eisuke Domae
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okamura
- Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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29
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Tomonaga K, Suzuki N, Berkhout B. "Integration of viral sequences into eukaryotic host genomes: legacy of ancient infections". Virus Res 2019; 262:1. [PMID: 30732705 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
Arc, a master regulator of synaptic plasticity, contains sequence elements that are evolutionarily related to retrotransposon Gag genes. Two related papers in this issue of Cell show that Arc retains retroviral-like capsid-forming ability and can transmit mRNA between cells in the nervous system, a process that may be important for synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Parrish
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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31
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Abstract
While we previously detected anti-bornavirus antibodies via radioligand assay in psychiatric patients, we did not examine the viral pathogenicity in these individuals. Herein, we present 2 psychiatric patients who were seropositive for bornavirus and whose treatment-resistant symptoms improved after oral administration of ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated that ribavirin affected the central nervous system of these patients. Ribavirin ameliorated intermittent involuntary head shaking, which is reminiscent of a symptom observed in bornavirus-infected animals. Using radioligand assays to examine the serial sera of these patients, we found a relationship between the titers of anti-bornavirus antibodies and the change in the patients' symptoms. Our findings suggest there is a relationship between bornavirus infection and human symptoms and that ribavirin may be useful in suppressing chronic bornavirus infection in some neuropsychiatric patients. However, the possibility remains that some other known or unknown virus other than bornavirus that is sensitive to ribavirin may have caused the symptoms. Additional evidence that directly indicates the causative relationship between bornavirus infection and human symptoms is needed before establishing the pathogenesis and treatment for human bornavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akio Fukumori
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development for Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Kohji Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University
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32
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Abstract
Endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) are sequences derived from bornaviruses (the
family Bornaviridae) that are integrated into animal genomes. They are
formed through germline insertions of segments of bornaviral transcripts into animal
genomes. Because EBLs are molecular fossils of bornaviruses, they serve as precious
sources of information to understand the evolutionary history of bornaviruses. Previous
studies revealed the presence of many EBLs in bat genomes, especially in vesper bats, and
suggested the long-term association between bats and bornaviruses. However, insertion
dates of EBLs are largely unknown because of the limitations of available bat genome
sequences in the public database. In this study, through a combination of database
searches, PCR, and sequencing approaches, we systematically determined the gene
orthologies of 13 lineages of EBLs in bats of the genus Myotis and
Eptesicus and family Vespertilionidae. Using the above data, we
estimated their insertion dates: the EBLs in vesper bats were inserted approximately 14.2
to 53 million years ago. These results suggest that vesper bats have been repeatedly
infected by bornaviruses at different points in time during evolution. This study provides
novel insights into the evolutionary history of bornaviruses and demonstrates the
robustness of combining database searches, PCR, and sequencing approaches to estimate
insertion dates of bornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Fujino K, Yamamoto Y, Daito T, Makino A, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Generation of a non-transmissive Borna disease virus vector lacking both matrix and glycoprotein genes. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:380-386. [PMID: 28776750 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV), a prototype of mammalian bornavirus, is a non-segmented, negative strand RNA virus that often causes severe neurological disorders in infected animals, including horses and sheep. Unique among animal RNA viruses, BoDV transcribes and replicates non-cytopathically in the cell nucleus, leading to establishment of long-lasting persistent infection. This striking feature of BoDV indicates its potential as an RNA virus vector system. It has previously been demonstrated by our team that recombinant BoDV (rBoDV) lacking an envelope glycoprotein (G) gene develops persistent infections in transduced cells without loss of the viral genome. In this study, a novel non-transmissive rBoDV, rBoDV ΔMG, which lacks both matrix (M) and G genes in the genome, is reported. rBoDV-ΔMG expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP), rBoDV ΔMG-GFP, was efficiently generated in Vero/MG cells stably expressing both BoDV M and G proteins. Infection with rBoDV ΔMG-GFP was persistently maintained in the parent Vero cells without propagation within cell culture. The optimal ratio of M and G for efficient viral particle production by transient transfection of M and G expression plasmids into cells persistently infected with rBoDV ΔMG-GFP was also demonstrated. These findings indicate that the rBoDV ΔMG-based BoDV vector may provide an extremely safe virus vector system and could be a novel strategy for investigating the function of M and G proteins and the host range of bornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Fujino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Japan
| | - Takuji Daito
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Matsunaga H, Tachibana M, Mohri I, Taniike M, Tomonaga K. Prevalence of antibodies against Borna disease virus proteins in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:473-476. [PMID: 29786872 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bornavirus infection is observed in both animals, including humans. However, bornavirus epidemiology in humans, especially in children, remains unclear. Here, we evaluated antibodies against bornaviruses in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting, and radio ligand assay. The prevalence of antibodies against bornavirus-specific speckles, N, and P proteins were 22%, 48%, and 33%, respectively, in the ASD children. According to our criteria, the prevalence of antibodies against bornaviruses was 7.4% in the ASD children. This is the first report of the serological prevalence of bornavirus in Japanese children. Our results provide valuable baseline-data regarding bornavirus epidemiology in children for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kozue Sofuku
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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35
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Sakai M, Ueda S, Daito T, Asada-Utsugi M, Komatsu Y, Kinoshita A, Maki T, Kuzuya A, Takahashi R, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Degradation of amyloid β peptide by neprilysin expressed from Borna disease virus vector. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:467-472. [PMID: 29771464 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ40 and Aβ42) in the brain is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because neprilysin (NEP) is a major Aβ-degrading enzyme, NEP delivery in the brain is a promising gene therapy for AD. Borna disease virus (BoDV) vector enables long-term transduction of foreign genes in the central nerve system. Here, we evaluated the proteolytic ability of NEP transduced by the BoDV vector and found that the amounts of Aβ40 and Aβ42 significantly decreased, which suggests that NEP expressed from the BoDV vector is functional to degrade Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Sakai
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sakiho Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuji Daito
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Biologics Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Megumi Asada-Utsugi
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yumiko Komatsu
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- K-CONNEX, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayae Kinoshita
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Kuzuya
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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36
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Matsunaga H, Tachibana M, Mohri I, Taniike M, Tomonaga K. Detection of Antibodies against Borna Disease Virus Proteins in an Autistic Child and Her Mother. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 70:599. [PMID: 28943599 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.e001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Volume 70, no 2, p.225-227, 2017. Page 226, Figure 1B and C should appear as shown below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University.,Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kozue Sofuku
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
| | | | - Masaya Tachibana
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
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37
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Horie M, Tomonaga K. Paleovirology of bornaviruses: What can be learned from molecular fossils of bornaviruses. Virus Res 2018; 262:2-9. [PMID: 29630909 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are virus-derived sequences embedded in eukaryotic genomes formed by germline integration of viral sequences. As many EVEs were integrated into eukaryotic genomes millions of years ago, EVEs are considered molecular fossils of viruses. EVEs can be valuable informational sources about ancient viruses, including their time scale, geographical distribution, genetic information, and hosts. Although integration of viral sequences is not required for replications of viruses other than retroviruses, many non-retroviral EVEs have been reported to exist in eukaryotes. Investigation of these EVEs has expanded our knowledge regarding virus-host interactions, as well as provided information on ancient viruses. Among them, EVEs derived from bornaviruses, non-retroviral RNA viruses, have been relatively well studied. Bornavirus-derived EVEs are widely distributed in animal genomes, including the human genome, and the history of bornaviruses can be dated back to more than 65 million years. Although there are several reports focusing on the biological significance of bornavirus-derived sequences in mammals, paleovirology of bornaviruses has not yet been well described and summarized. In this paper, we describe what can be learned about bornaviruses from endogenous bornavirus-like elements from the view of paleovirology using published results and our novel data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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38
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Cui X, Mino T, Yoshinaga M, Nakatsuka Y, Hia F, Yamasoba D, Tsujimura T, Tomonaga K, Suzuki Y, Uehata T, Takeuchi O. Regnase-1 and Roquin Nonredundantly Regulate Th1 Differentiation Causing Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. J I 2017; 199:4066-4077. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yanai M, Sakai M, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Dual function of the nuclear export signal of the Borna disease virus nucleoprotein in nuclear export activity and binding to viral phosphoprotein. Virol J 2017; 14:126. [PMID: 28693611 PMCID: PMC5504739 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borna disease virus (BoDV), which has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, causes persistent infection in the cell nucleus. The nuclear export signal (NES) of the viral nucleoprotein (N) consisting of leucine at positions 128 and 131 and isoleucine at positions 133 and 136 overlaps with one of two predicted binding sites for the viral phosphoprotein (P). A previous study demonstrated that higher expression of BoDV-P inhibits nuclear export of N; however, the function of N NES in the interaction with P remains unclear. We examined the subcellular localization, viral polymerase activity, and P-binding ability of BoDV-N NES mutants. We also characterized a recombinant BoDV (rBoDV) harboring an NES mutation of N. RESULTS BoDV-N with four alanine-substitutions in the leucine and isoleucine residues of the NES impaired its cytoplasmic localization and abolished polymerase activity and P-binding ability. Although an alanine-substitution at position 131 markedly enhanced viral polymerase activity as determined by a minigenome assay, rBoDV harboring this mutation showed expression of viral RNAs and proteins relative to that of wild-type rBoDV. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that BoDV-N NES has a dual function in BoDV replication, i.e., nuclear export of N and an interaction with P, affecting viral polymerase activity in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yanai
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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40
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Tokunaga T, Yamamoto Y, Sakai M, Tomonaga K, Honda T. Antiviral activity of favipiravir (T-705) against mammalian and avian bornaviruses. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:237-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Postler TS, Clawson AN, Amarasinghe GK, Basler CF, Bavari S, Benkő M, Blasdell KR, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Calisher CH, Chandran K, Charrel R, Clegg CS, Collins PL, Juan Carlos DLT, Derisi JL, Dietzgen RG, Dolnik O, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Emonet S, Formenty P, Fouchier RAM, Ghedin E, Gonzalez JP, Harrach B, Hewson R, Horie M, Jiāng D, Kobinger G, Kondo H, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Lamb RA, Leroy EM, Lukashevich IS, Maisner A, Mushegian AR, Netesov SV, Nowotny N, Patterson JL, Payne SL, PaWeska JT, Peters CJ, Radoshitzky SR, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Salvato MS, Schwemmle M, Smither SJ, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Takada A, Tesh RB, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Vasilakis N, Volchkov VE, Wahl-Jensen V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Varsani A, Whitfield AE, Zerbini FM, Kuhn JH. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials. Syst Biol 2017; 66:463-473. [PMID: 27798405 PMCID: PMC5837305 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and, even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment. [Arenaviridae; binomials; ICTV; International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; Mononegavirales; virus nomenclature; virus taxonomy.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Anna N. Clawson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110 MO, USA
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30303 GA, USA
| | - Sbina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697 CA, USA
| | | | - Charles H. Calisher
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523 CO, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461 NY, USA
| | - Rémi Charrel
- MR “Emergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Université – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – EHESP), 13284 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France
| | | | - Peter L. Collins
- Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - De La Torre Juan Carlos
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Joseph L. Derisi
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94158 CA, USA
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Sébastian Emonet
- Unité de Virologie, IRBA – Echelon Recherche de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003 NY, USA
| | | | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG Salisbury, UK
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 890-0065 Japan Korimoto Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húbōi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wŭhàn, 430070 China, China
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada, Canada
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan, Japan
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, 98115 WA, USA
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208 IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208 IL, USA
| | - Eric M. Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202 KY, USA
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Arcady R. Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, 22230, USA
| | - Sergey V. Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, 630090 Russia, Russia
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, 78230 TX, USA
| | - Susan L. Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77845 TX, USA
| | - Janusz T. PaWeska
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131 Sandringham, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Bertus K. Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 39762 MS, USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, V0H 1Z0 British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie J. Smither
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ Wiltshire, UK
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523 CO, USA
| | - David M. Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth, DT4 8UB Dorset, UK
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, 001-0020 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- University of Texas Medical Branch, TX 77555 Galveston, USA
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 6068507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30333 GA, USA
| | | | - Viktor E. Volchkov
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, CIRI, INSERM U1111 – CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Brisbane, 4000 Queensland, Australia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 1659857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | | | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- Department de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa - MG, 36570-900, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
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42
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Amarasinghe GK, Bào Y, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Bochnowski A, Briese T, Bukreyev A, Calisher CH, Chandran K, Collins PL, Dietzgen RG, Dolnik O, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Fang Q, Formenty P, Fouchier RAM, Ghedin E, Harding RM, Hewson R, Higgins CM, Hong J, Horie M, James AP, Jiāng D, Kobinger GP, Kondo H, Kurath G, Lamb RA, Lee B, Leroy EM, Li M, Maisner A, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Nowotny N, Patterson JL, Payne SL, Paweska JT, Pearson MN, Randall RE, Revill PA, Rima BK, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Schwemmle M, Smither SJ, Song Q, Stone DM, Takada A, Terregino C, Tesh RB, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Vasilakis N, Volchkov VE, Wahl-Jensen V, Walker PJ, Wang B, Wang D, Wang F, Wang LF, Werren JH, Whitfield AE, Yan Z, Ye G, Kuhn JH. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2493-2504. [PMID: 28389807 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yīmíng Bào
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nicolás Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alisa Bochnowski
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Charles H Calisher
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Peter L Collins
- Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhèjiāng University, Hángzhōu, China
| | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Harding
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, UK
| | - Colleen M Higgins
- Institute of Applied Ecology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,AUT Roche Diagnostic Laboratory, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jian Hong
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences and Institute of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhèjiāng University, Hángzhōu, China
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anthony P James
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húběi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wǔhàn, China
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert A Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric M Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,AUT Roche Diagnostic Laboratory, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Janusz T Paweska
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Michael N Pearson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rick E Randall
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter A Revill
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie J Smither
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV and CCHFV, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Viktor E Volchkov
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, CIRIINSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhèjiāng University, Hángzhōu, China
| | - David Wang
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhèjiāng University, Hángzhōu, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhèjiāng University, Hángzhōu, China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhèjiāng University, Hángzhōu, China
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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43
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Matsunaga H, Tachibana M, Mohri I, Taniike M, Tomonaga K. Detection of Antibodies against Borna Disease Virus Proteins in an Autistic Child and Her Mother. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:225-227. [PMID: 27795475 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
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44
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Hirai Y, Hirano Y, Matsuda A, Hiraoka Y, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Borna Disease Virus Assembles Porous Cage-like Viral Factories in the Nucleus. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25789-25798. [PMID: 27803166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-derived RNA viruses frequently generate viral factories in infected cells. However, the details of how RNA viruses build such intracellular structures are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the structure and formation of the viral factories, called viral speckle of transcripts (vSPOTs), that are produced in the nuclei of host cells by Borna disease virus (BDV). Super-resolution microscopic analysis showed that BDV assembled vSPOTs as intranuclear cage-like structures with 59-180-nm pores. The viral nucleoprotein formed the exoskeletons of vSPOTs, whereas the other viral proteins appeared to be mainly localized within these structures. In addition, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy revealed that filamentous structures resembling viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) appeared to protrude from the outer surfaces of the vSPOTs. We also found that vSPOTs disintegrated into RNPs concurrently with the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. These observations demonstrated that BDV generates viral replication factories whose shape and formation are regulated, suggesting the mechanism of the integrity of RNA virus persistent infection in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hirai
- From the Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata 573-1121.,the Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT)
| | - Yasuhiro Hirano
- the Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, and
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- the Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, and.,the Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- the Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, and.,the Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- the Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT)
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- the Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), .,Departments of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, and.,Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507
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45
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Afonso CL, Amarasinghe GK, Bányai K, Bào Y, Basler CF, Bavari S, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Briand FX, Briese T, Bukreyev A, Calisher CH, Chandran K, Chéng J, Clawson AN, Collins PL, Dietzgen RG, Dolnik O, Domier LL, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Farkas SL, Freitas-Astúa J, Formenty P, Fouchier RAM, Fù Y, Ghedin E, Goodin MM, Hewson R, Horie M, Hyndman TH, Jiāng D, Kitajima EW, Kobinger GP, Kondo H, Kurath G, Lamb RA, Lenardon S, Leroy EM, Li CX, Lin XD, Liú L, Longdon B, Marton S, Maisner A, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Nowotny N, Patterson JL, Payne SL, Paweska JT, Randall RE, Rima BK, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Schwemmle M, Shi M, Smither SJ, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Takada A, Terregino C, Tesh RB, Tian JH, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, Volchkov VE, Wahl-Jensen V, Walsh JA, Walker PJ, Wang D, Wang LF, Wetzel T, Whitfield AE, Xiè JT, Yuen KY, Zhang YZ, Kuhn JH. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2351-60. [PMID: 27216929 PMCID: PMC4947412 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio L Afonso
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yīmíng Bào
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicolás Bejerman
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Charles H Calisher
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jiāsēn Chéng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húběi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anna N Clawson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter L Collins
- Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Szilvia L Farkas
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yànpíng Fù
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húběi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, UK
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húběi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Microscopia Eletrônica Aplicada a Agricultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert A Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sergio Lenardon
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eric M Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ci-Xiu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Dan Lin
- Wēnzhōu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lìjiāng Liú
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húběi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Longdon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Szilvia Marton
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Janusz T Paweska
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Rick E Randall
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human-Animal Interface, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Hua Tian
- Wǔhàn Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viktor E Volchkov
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John A Walsh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David Wang
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thierry Wetzel
- DLR Rheinpfalz, Institute of Plant Protection, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany
| | | | - Ji Tāo Xiè
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húběi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Komorizono R, Makino A, Horie M, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Sequence determination of a new parrot bornavirus-5 strain in Japan: implications of clade-specific sequence diversity in the regions interacting with host factors. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:437-41. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Komorizono
- Department of Viral Oncology; Institute for Virus Research
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network; Graduate School of Biostudies
| | - Akiko Makino
- Department of Viral Oncology; Institute for Virus Research
- Center for Emerging Virus Research; Institute for Virus Research; Kyoto University
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center; Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology; Institute for Virus Research
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network; Graduate School of Biostudies
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology; Institute for Virus Research
- Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network; Graduate School of Biostudies
- Department of Tumor Viruses; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Honda T, Yamamoto Y, Daito T, Matsumoto Y, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Long-term expression of miRNA for RNA interference using a novel vector system based on a negative-strand RNA virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26154. [PMID: 27189575 PMCID: PMC4870639 DOI: 10.1038/srep26154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising technique for gene therapy. However, the safe and long-term expression of small RNA molecules is a major concern for the application of RNAi therapies in vivo. Borna disease virus (BDV), a non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus, establishes a persistent infection without obvious cytopathic effects. Unique among animal non-retroviral RNA viruses, BDV persistently establishes a long-lasting persistent infection in the nucleus. These features make BDV ideal for RNA virus vector persistently expressing small RNAs. Here, we demonstrated that the recombinant BDV (rBDV) containing the miR-155 precursor, rBDV-miR-155, persistently expressed miR-155 and efficiently silenced its target gene. The stem region of the miR-155 precursor in rBDV-miR-155 was replaceable by any miRNA sequences of interest and that such rBDVs efficiently silence the expression of target genes. Collectively, BDV vector would be a novel RNA virus vector enabling the long-term expression of miRNAs for RNAi therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuji Daito
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Center for Emerging Virus Research, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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48
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Parrish NF, Tomonaga K. Endogenized viral sequences in mammals. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 31:176-183. [PMID: 27128186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reverse-transcribed RNA molecules compose a significant portion of the human genome. Many of these RNA molecules were retrovirus genomes either infecting germline cells or having done so in a previous generation but retaining transcriptional activity. This mechanism itself accounts for a quarter of the genomic sequence information of mammals for which there is data. We understand relatively little about the causes and consequences of retroviral endogenization. This review highlights functions ascribed to sequences of viral origin endogenized into mammalian genomes and suggests some of the most pressing questions raised by these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Parrish
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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49
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Honda T, Tomonaga K. Endogenous non-retroviral RNA virus elements evidence a novel type of antiviral immunity. Mob Genet Elements 2016; 6:e1165785. [PMID: 27510928 PMCID: PMC4964890 DOI: 10.1080/2159256x.2016.1165785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate genomes contain many virus-related sequences derived from both retroviruses and non-retroviral RNA and DNA viruses. Such non-retroviral RNA sequences are possibly produced by reverse-transcription and integration of viral mRNAs of ancient RNA viruses using retrotransposon machineries. We refer to this process as transcript reversion. During an ancient bornavirus infection, transcript reversion may have left bornavirus-related sequences, known as endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoproteins (EBLNs), in the genome. We have recently demonstrated that all Homo sapiens EBLNs are expressed in at least one tissue. Because species with EBLNs appear relatively protected against infection by a current bornavirus, Borna disease virus, it is speculated that EBLNs play some roles in antiviral immunity, as seen with some endogenous retroviruses. EBLNs can function as dominant negative forms of viral proteins, small RNAs targeting viral sequences, or DNA or RNA elements modulating the gene expression. Growing evidence reveals that various RNA viruses are reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome of infected cells, suggesting transcript reversion generally occurs during ongoing infection. Considering this, transcript reversion-mediated interference with related viruses may be a novel type of antiviral immunity in vertebrates. Understanding the biological significance of transcript reversion will provide novel insights into host defenses against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Nakamura S, Horie M, Daidoji T, Honda T, Yasugi M, Kuno A, Komori T, Okuzaki D, Narimatsu H, Nakaya T, Tomonaga K. Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of a GalNAc Transferase, GALNT3, via MicroRNAs Is Required for Enhanced Viral Replication. J Virol 2016; 90:1788-801. [PMID: 26637460 PMCID: PMC4734006 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02246-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and rapidly induces the expression of mucins, which are common O-glycosylated proteins, on the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract. Although mucin production is associated with the inhibition of virus transmission as well as characteristic clinical symptoms, little is known regarding how mucins are produced on the surfaces of respiratory epithelial cells and how they affect IAV replication. In this study, we found that two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-17-3p and miR-221, which target GalNAc transferase 3 (GALNT3) mRNA, are rapidly downregulated in human alveolar basal epithelial cells during the early stage of IAV infection. We demonstrated that the expression of GALNT3 mRNA is upregulated in an IAV replication-dependent fashion and leads to mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. A lectin microarray analysis revealed that the stable expression of GALNT3 by human alveolar basal epithelial cells induces mucin-type O-glycosylation modifications similar to those present in IAV-infected cells, suggesting that GALNT3 promotes mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in IAV-infected cells. Notably, analyses using short interfering RNAs and miRNA mimics showed that GALNT3 knockdown significantly reduces IAV replication. Furthermore, IAV replication was markedly decreased in embryonic fibroblast cells obtained from galnt3-knockout mice. Interestingly, IAV-infected galnt3-knockout mice exhibited high mortality and severe pathological alterations in the lungs compared to those of wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate not only the molecular mechanism underlying rapid mucin production during IAV infection but also the contribution of O-linked glycosylation to the replication and propagation of IAV in lung cells. IMPORTANCE Viral infections that affect the upper or lower respiratory tracts, such as IAV, rapidly induce mucin production on the epithelial surfaces of respiratory cells. However, the details of how mucin-type O-linked glycosylation is initiated by IAV infection and how mucin production affects viral replication have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that levels of two miRNAs that target the UDP-GalNAc transferase GALNT3 are markedly decreased during the early stage of IAV infection, resulting in the upregulation of GALNT3 mRNA. We also demonstrate that the expression of GALNT3 initiates mucin production and affects IAV replication in infected cells. This is the first report demonstrating the mechanism underlying the miRNA-mediated initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation in IAV-infected cells and its role in viral replication. Our results have broad implications for understanding IAV replication and suggest a strategy for the development of novel anti-influenza approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Nakamura
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomo Daidoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayo Yasugi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-Chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Tumor Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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