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Barisas DAG, Choi K. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:549-558. [PMID: 38443597 PMCID: PMC10985111 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis can occur outside of the bone marrow during inflammatory stress to increase the production of primarily myeloid cells at extramedullary sites; this process is known as extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). As observed in a broad range of hematologic and nonhematologic diseases, EMH is now recognized for its important contributions to solid tumor pathology and prognosis. To initiate EMH, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mobilized from the bone marrow into the circulation and to extramedullary sites such as the spleen and liver. At these sites, HSCs primarily produce a pathological subset of myeloid cells that contributes to tumor pathology. The EMH HSC niche, which is distinct from the bone marrow HSC niche, is beginning to be characterized. The important cytokines that likely contribute to initiating and maintaining the EMH niche are KIT ligands, CXCL12, G-CSF, IL-1 family members, LIF, TNFα, and CXCR2. Further study of the role of EMH may offer valuable insights into emergency hematopoiesis and therapeutic approaches against cancer. Exciting future directions for the study of EMH include identifying common and distinct EMH mechanisms in cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic autoimmune diseases to control these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A G Barisas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Wang J, Wang K. New insights into Chlamydia pathogenesis: Role of leukemia inhibitory factor. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1029178. [PMID: 36329823 PMCID: PMC9623337 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Since the symptoms of Ct infection are often subtle or absent, most people are unaware of their infection until they are tested or develop severe complications such as infertility. It is believed that the primary culprit of Ct-associated tissue damage is unresolved chronic inflammation, resulting in aberrant production of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as dysregulated tissue influx of innate and adaptive immune cells. A member of the IL-6 cytokine family, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is one of the cytokines induced by Ct infection but its role in Ct pathogenesis is unclear. In this article, we review the biology of LIF and LIF receptor (LIFR)-mediated signaling pathways, summarize the physiological role of LIF in the reproductive system, and discuss the impact of LIF in chronic inflammatory conditions and its implication in Ct pathogenesis. Under normal circumstances, LIF is produced to maintain epithelial homeostasis and tissue repair, including the aftermath of Ct infection. However, LIF/LIFR-mediated signaling – particularly prolonged strong signaling – can gradually transform the microenvironment of the fallopian tube by altering the fate of epithelial cells and the cellular composition of epithelium. This harmful transformation of epithelium may be a key process that leads to an enhanced risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy and cancer following Ct infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang,
| | - Katherine Wang
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
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3
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Zhang K, Wu DY, Zheng H, Wang Y, Sun QR, Liu X, Wang LY, Xiong WJ, Wang Q, Rhodes JDP, Xu K, Li L, Lin Z, Yu G, Xia W, Huang B, Du Z, Yao Y, Nasmyth KA, Klose RJ, Miao YL, Xie W. Analysis of Genome Architecture during SCNT Reveals a Role of Cohesin in Impeding Minor ZGA. Mol Cell 2020; 79:234-250.e9. [PMID: 32579944 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can reprogram a somatic nucleus to a totipotent state. However, the re-organization of 3D chromatin structure in this process remains poorly understood. Using low-input Hi-C, we revealed that, during SCNT, the transferred nucleus first enters a mitotic-like state (premature chromatin condensation). Unlike fertilized embryos, SCNT embryos show stronger topologically associating domains (TADs) at the 1-cell stage. TADs become weaker at the 2-cell stage, followed by gradual consolidation. Compartments A/B are markedly weak in 1-cell SCNT embryos and become increasingly strengthened afterward. By the 8-cell stage, somatic chromatin architecture is largely reset to embryonic patterns. Unexpectedly, we found cohesin represses minor zygotic genome activation (ZGA) genes (2-cell-specific genes) in pluripotent and differentiated cells, and pre-depleting cohesin in donor cells facilitates minor ZGA and SCNT. These data reveal multi-step reprogramming of 3D chromatin architecture during SCNT and support dual roles of cohesin in TAD formation and minor ZGA repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan-Ya Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiao-Ran Sun
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Yan Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiong
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Kai Xu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijia Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zili Lin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weikun Xia
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenhai Du
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kim A Nasmyth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Mori R, Wauman J, Icardi L, Van der Heyden J, De Cauwer L, Peelman F, De Bosscher K, Tavernier J. TYK2-induced phosphorylation of Y640 suppresses STAT3 transcriptional activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15919. [PMID: 29162862 PMCID: PMC5698428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in homeostatic and host defense processes in the human body. It is activated by numerous cytokines and growth factors and generates a series of cellular effects. Of the STAT-mediated signal transduction pathways, STAT3 transcriptional control is best understood. Jak kinase dependent activation of STAT3 relies on Y705 phosphorylation triggering a conformational switch that is stabilized by intermolecular interactions between SH2 domains and the pY705 motif. We here show that a second tyrosine phosphorylation within the SH2 domain at position Y640, induced by Tyk2, negatively controls STAT3 activity. The Y640F mutation leads to stabilization of activated STAT3 homodimers, accelerated nuclear translocation and superior transcriptional activity following IL-6 and LIF stimulation. Moreover, it unlocks type I IFN-dependent STAT3 signalling in cells that are normally refractory to STAT3 transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Mori
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Wauman
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Icardi
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Università vita-salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina Milano, 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - José Van der Heyden
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Argenx BVBA Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Liu Y, Wang YR, Ding GH, Yang TS, Yao L, Hua J, He ZG, Qian MP. JAK2 inhibitor combined with DC-activated AFP-specific T-cells enhances antitumor function in a Fas/FasL signal-independent pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4425-33. [PMID: 27499636 PMCID: PMC4959582 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Combination therapy for cancer is more effective than using only standard chemo- or radiotherapy. Our previous results showed that dendritic cell-activated α-fetoprotein (AFP)-specific T-cells inhibit tumor in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we focused on antitumor function of CD8+ T-cells combined with or without JAK2 inhibitor. Methods Proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Western blot was used to analyze the expression level of related protein and signaling pathway. Results We demonstrated reduced viability and induction of apoptosis of tumor cells with combination treatment. Intriguingly, cell cycle was blocked at the G1 phase by using AFP-specific CD8+ T-cells combined with JAK2 inhibitor (AG490). Furthermore, an enhanced expression of BAX but no influence on Fas/FasL was detected from the tumor cells. Conclusion These results indicate a Fas/FasL-independent pathway for cellular apoptosis in cancer therapies with the treatment of AFP-specific CD8+ T-cells combined with JAK2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Ru Wang
- Department of Infection, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Song Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ping Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the most pleiotropic member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. It utilises a receptor that consists of the LIF receptor β and gp130 and this receptor complex is also used by ciliary neurotrophic growth factor (CNTF), oncostatin M, cardiotrophin1 (CT1) and cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC). Despite common signal transduction mechanisms (JAK/STAT, MAPK and PI3K) LIF can have paradoxically opposite effects in different cell types including stimulating or inhibiting each of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. While LIF can act on a wide range of cell types, LIF knockout mice have revealed that many of these actions are not apparent during ordinary development and that they may be the result of induced LIF expression during tissue damage or injury. Nevertheless LIF does appear to have non-redundant actions in maternal receptivity to blastocyst implantation, placental formation and in the development of the nervous system. LIF has also found practical use in the maintenance of self-renewal and totipotency of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Pde, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Pde, Melbourne 3050, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Pde, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Pde, Melbourne 3050, VIC, Australia
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7
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Shoni M, Lui KO, Vavvas DG, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Vlahos N, Ng SW. Protein kinases and associated pathways in pluripotent state and lineage differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 9:366-87. [PMID: 24998240 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140616130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) mediate the reversible conversion of substrate proteins to phosphorylated forms, a key process in controlling intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Pluripotency is, among others, characterized by specifically expressed PKs forming a highly interconnected regulatory network that culminates in a finely-balanced molecular switch. Current high-throughput phosphoproteomic approaches have shed light on the specific regulatory PKs and their function in controlling pluripotent states. Pluripotent cell-derived endothelial and hematopoietic developments represent an example of the importance of pluripotency in cancer therapeutics and organ regeneration. This review attempts to provide the hitherto known kinome profile and the individual characterization of PK-related pathways that regulate pluripotency. Elucidating the underlying intrinsic and extrinsic signals may improve our understanding of the different pluripotent states, the maintenance or induction of pluripotency, and the ability to tailor lineage differentiation, with a particular focus on endothelial cell differentiation for anti-cancer treatment, cell-based tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu-Wing Ng
- 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI- 449A, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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Bosmann M, Strobl B, Kichler N, Rigler D, Grailer JJ, Pache F, Murray PJ, Müller M, Ward PA. Tyrosine kinase 2 promotes sepsis-associated lethality by facilitating production of interleukin-27. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:123-31. [PMID: 24604832 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1013-541r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that gene expression and release of IL-27 may be modulated by Tyk2. Macrophages derived from the peritoneum or bone marrow of C57BL/10SnJ (WT) mice produced abundant amounts of IL-27(p28) following TLR4 activation by LPS. In contrast, production of IL-27(p28), but not EBI3, was reduced by ∼50% in TLR4-activated macrophages derived from mice with genetic deficiency of Tyk2 compared with WT macrophages. Frequencies of IL-27(p28)+F4/80+CD11b+ cells were lower in TLR4-activated macrophages derived from Tyk2-/- mice. Mechanistically, Tyk2-/- resulted in disruption of a type I IFN-dependent mechanism for production of IL-27(p28), which was induced by type I IFNs, and release of IL-27 was defective in macrophages from IFN-β-/- and IFNAR1-/- mice. In contrast, Tyk2 was not required to mediate the effects of IL-27 on target gene expression in CD4(+) T cells. In vivo, we observed that Tyk2-/- mice have improved survival following endotoxic shock or polymicrobial sepsis induced by CLP. Plasma levels of IL-27(p28) during endotoxic shock or polymicrobial sepsis were markedly reduced in Tyk2-/- mice compared with WT mice. Disruption of IL-27 signaling using IL-27RA-/- mice was protective against sepsis-associated mortality. These data suggest that Tyk2 may mediate adverse outcomes of SIRS by promoting the production of IL-27. In conclusion, this report identifies Tyk2 as a prerequisite factor in the molecular networks that are involved in generation of IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bosmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany;
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadia Kichler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Rigler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jamison J Grailer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Florence Pache
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Peter J Murray
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter A Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; and
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Sang QXA, Man YG, Sung YM, Khamis ZI, Zhang L, Lee MH, Byers SW, Sahab ZJ. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase 2 reaches its lowest expression levels in human breast cancer during regional nodal metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:143-53. [PMID: 22116632 PMCID: PMC3449303 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Almost half of breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ are likely to remain non threatening in situ lesions with no invasion to the surrounding stroma and no metastases. The majority of focal disruptions in myoepithelial (ME) cell layers indicative of invasion onset were found to be overlying epithelial cell clusters with no or substantially reduced estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression. Here we report the down-regulation of tyrosine kinase-2 (TYK2) and up-regulation of strumpellin expression, among other proteins in ERα(-) cells located at disrupted ME layers compared to adjacent ERα(+) cells overlying an intact myoepithelial layer. ERα(+) and ERα(-) cells were microdissected from the same in vivo human breast cancer tissues, proteins were extracted and separated utilizing Differential in-Gel Electrophoresis followed by trypsin digestion, MALDI-TOF analysis, and protein identification. Proteins expressed by ERα(-) cell clusters were found to express higher levels of strumpellin that binds to valosin-containing protein (VCP) to slow-down wound closure and promote growth; and lower levels of TYK2, a jak protein necessary for lineage specific differentiation. TYK2 levels were further analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort composed of 70 patients with broad clinical characteristics. TYK2 levels were minimal in TxN1M0 breast cancers which is the stage where the initial regional lymph node metastasis is observed. Our data highlight the role of TYK2 downregulation in breast cancer cell de-differentitation and initiation of regional metastasis. In addition, the aggressiveness of the ERα(-) cell clusters compared to ERα(+) ones present in the same duct of the same patient was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- The Diagnostic and Translational Research Center, the Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC 20307
- Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - You Me Sung
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Zahraa I. Khamis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Mi-Hye Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Stephen W. Byers
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Ziad J. Sahab
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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10
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The Role of the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) - Pathway in Derivation and Maintenance of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2011; 2:280-97. [PMID: 24710148 PMCID: PMC3924847 DOI: 10.3390/genes2010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental biology, regenerative medicine and cancer biology are more and more interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling pluripotency and self-renewal in stem cells. Pluripotency is maintained by a synergistic interplay between extrinsic stimuli and intrinsic circuitries, which allow sustainment of the undifferentiated and self-renewing state. Nevertheless, even though a lot of efforts have been made in the past years, the precise mechanisms regulating these processes remain unclear. One of the key extrinsic factors is leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) that is largely used for the cultivation and derivation of mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. LIF acts through the LIFR/gp130 receptor and activates STAT3, an important regulator of mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal. STAT3 is known to inhibit differentiation into both mesoderm and endoderm lineages by preventing the activation of lineage-specific differentiation programs. However, LIF activates also parallel circuitries like the PI3K-pathway and the MEK/ERK-pathway, but its mechanisms of action remain to be better elucidated. This review article aims at summarizing the actual knowledge on the importance of LIF in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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11
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Abstract
Pluripotent ES (embryonic stem) cells can be expanded in culture and induced to differentiate into a wide range of cell types. Self-renewal of ES cells involves proliferation with concomitant suppression of differentiation. Some critical and conserved pathways regulating self-renewal in both human and mouse ES cells have been identified, but there is also evidence suggesting significant species differences. Cytoplasmic and receptor tyrosine kinases play important roles in proliferation, survival, self-renewal and differentiation in stem, progenitor and adult cells. The present review focuses on the role of tyrosine kinase signalling for maintenance of the undifferentiated state, proliferation, survival and early differentiation of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Annerén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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