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Dominant rule of community effect in synchronized beating behavior of cardiomyocyte networks. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:481-501. [PMID: 32367300 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting the combination of latest microfabrication technologies and single cell measurement technologies, we can measure the interactions of single cells, and cell networks from "algebraic" and "geometric" perspectives under the full control of their environments and interactions. However, the experimental constructive single cell-based approach still remains the limitations regarding the quality and condition control of those cells. To overcome these limitations, mathematical modeling is one of the most powerful complementary approaches. In this review, we first explain our on-chip experimental methods for constructive approach, and we introduce the results of the "community effect" of beating cardiomyocyte networks as an example of this approach. On-chip analysis revealed that (1) synchronized interbeat intervals (IBIs) of cell networks were followed to the more stable beating cells even their IBIs were slower than the other cells, which is against the conventional faster firing regulation or "overdrive suppression," and (2) fluctuation of IBIs of cardiomyocyte networks decreased according to the increase of the number of connected cells regardless of their geometry. The mathematical simulation of this synchronous behavior of cardiomyocyte networks also fitted well with the experimental results after incorporating the fluctuation-dissipation theorem into the oscillating stochastic phase model, in which the concept of spatially arranged cardiomyocyte networks was involved. The constructive experiments and mathematical modeling indicated the dominant rule of synchronization behavior of beating cardiomyocyte networks is a kind of stability-oriented synchronization phenomenon as the "community effect" or a fluctuation-dissipation phenomenon. Finally, as a practical application of this approach, the predictive cardiotoxicity is introduced.
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Takano M, Yura K, Uyeda T, Yasuda K. Biophysics at Waseda University. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:225-232. [PMID: 32157615 PMCID: PMC7242523 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysics in Waseda University was started in 1965 as one of the three key research areas that constitute the Physics Department. In the biophysics group, one theoretical lab and two experimental labs are now working on the cutting-edge themes on biophysics, disseminating the ideas and knowledge of biophysics to undergraduate and graduate students from the viewpoint of physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Takano
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Yura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Taro Uyeda
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuda
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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Segregated neural explants exhibit co-oriented, asymmetric, neurite outgrowth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216263. [PMID: 31487284 PMCID: PMC6728047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Explants of embryonic chick sympathetic and sensory ganglia were found to exhibit asymmetric radial outgrowth of neurites under standard culture conditions with or without exogenous Nerve Growth Factor [NGF]. Opposing sides of an explant exhibited: a) differences in neurite length and, b) differences in neurite morphology. Strikingly, this asymmetry exhibited co-orientation among segregated, neighboring explants. The underlying mechanism(s) of the asymmetry and its co-orientation are not known but appear to depend on cell clustering because dissociated sympathetic neurons do not exhibit co-orientation whereas re-aggregated clusters of cells do. This emergent behavior may be similar to the community effect described in other cell types. If a similar phenomenon exists in the embryo, or in maturity, it may contribute to the establishment of proper orientation of neurite outgrowth during development and/or injury-induced neuronal plasticity.
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Asahi Y, Hamada T, Hattori A, Matsuura K, Odaka M, Nomura F, Kaneko T, Abe Y, Takasuna K, Sanbuissho A, Yasuda K. On-chip spatiotemporal electrophysiological analysis of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes enables quantitative assessment of proarrhythmia in drug development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14536. [PMID: 30266924 PMCID: PMC6162288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined a simultaneous combined spatiotemporal field potential duration (FPD) and cell-to-cell conduction time (CT) in lined-up shaped human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) using an on-chip multielectrode array (MEA) system to evaluate two origins of lethal arrhythmia, repolarization and depolarization. The repolarization index, FPD, was prolonged by E-4031 and astemizole, and shortened by verapamil, flecainide and terfenadine at 10 times higher than therapeutic plasma concentrations of each drug, but it did not change after lidocaine treatment up to 100 μM. CT was increased by astemizol, flecainide, terfenadine, and lidocaine at equivalent concentrations of Nav1.5 IC50, suggesting that CT may be an index of cardiac depolarization because the increase in CT (i.e., decrease in cell-to-cell conduction speed) was relevant to Nav1.5 inhibition. Fluctuations (short-term variability; STV) of FPD and CT, STVFPD and STVCT also discriminated between torsadogenic and non-torsadogenic compounds with significant increases in their fluctuation values, enabling precise prediction of arrhythmogenic risk as potential new indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Asahi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hamada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Chiome Bioscience Inc. Shibuya, Tokyo, 151-0071, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hattori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Kenji Matsuura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Masao Odaka
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Fumimasa Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kaneko
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei Univ., Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sanbuissho
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan.
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore.
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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Hayashi T, Tokihiro T, Kurihara H, Yasuda K. Community effect of cardiomyocytes in beating rhythms is determined by stable cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15450. [PMID: 29133848 PMCID: PMC5684290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The community effect of cardiomyocytes was investigated in silico by the change in number and features of cells, as well as configurations of networks. The theoretical model was based on experimental data and accurately reproduced recently published experimental results regarding coupled cultured cardiomyocytes. We showed that the synchronised beating of two coupled cells was tuned not to the cell with a faster beating rate, but to the cell with a more stable rhythm. In a network of cardiomyocytes, a cell with low fluctuation, but not a hight frequency, became a pacemaker and stabilised the beating rhythm. Fluctuation in beating rapidly decreased with an increase in the number of cells (N), almost irrespective of the configuration of the network, and a cell comes to have natural and stable beating rhythms, even for N of approximately 10. The universality of this community effect lies in the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in statistical mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hayashi
- Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8941, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Tokihiro
- Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8941, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuda
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan. .,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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Pesl M, Pribyl J, Acimovic I, Vilotic A, Jelinkova S, Salykin A, Lacampagne A, Dvorak P, Meli AC, Skladal P, Rotrekl V. Atomic force microscopy combined with human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes for biomechanical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:751-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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On-chip in vitro cell-network pre-clinical cardiac toxicity using spatiotemporal human cardiomyocyte measurement on a chip. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4670. [PMID: 24751527 PMCID: PMC5381194 DOI: 10.1038/srep04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the limitations and misjudgments of conventional prediction of arrhythmic cardiotoxicity, we have developed an on-chip in vitro predictive cardiotoxicity assay using cardiomyocytes derived from human stem cells employing a constructive spatiotemporal two step measurement of fluctuation (short-term variability; STV) of cell's repolarization and cell-to-cell conduction time, representing two origins of lethal arrhythmia. Temporal STV of field potential duration (FPD) showed a potential to predict the risks of lethal arrhythmia originated from repolarization dispersion for false negative compounds, which was not correctly predicted by conventional measurements using animal cells, even for non-QT prolonging clinical positive compounds. Spatial STV of conduction time delay also unveiled the proarrhythmic risk of asynchronous propagation in cell networks, whose risk cannot be correctly predicted by single-cell-based measurements, indicating the importance of the spatiotemporal fluctuation viewpoint of in vitro cell networks for precise prediction of lethal arrhythmia reaching clinical assessment such as thorough QT assay.
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Abstract
This paper reports on a cellular mechano-informatics network gel robot which was powered by culturing cardiomyocytes in the micro gel structure. Contraction activities propagated through the cardiomyocyte gel network will transmit a spatial mechanical wave as information about the chemical and mechanical responses to environmental changes. The cardiomyocyte gel network robot transmits electrically excited potential and mechanical stretch-induced contractions as information carried on the gel network. The cardiomyocyte gel network robot was fabricated from a mixture of primary cardiomyocytes and collagen gel and molded in a PDMS casting mold, which could produce serial, parallel lattice, or radial pattern networks. Fluorescent calcium imaging showed that the calcium activity of the cardiomyocytes in the gel network was segmented in small domains in the gel network; however, the local contraction that started on one branch of the gel network was propagated to a neighboring branch, and the propagation velocity was increased with increasing concentration of adrenaline. This increase was limited to ~20 mm/s. This proposed mechano-informatics kineticism will provide not only mechano-informatics for cardiomyocyte powered wet robotics but will also help show how cardiac disease occurs in activity propagation systems.
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Hamada H, Nomura F, Kaneko T, Yasuda K, Okamoto M. Exploring the implicit interlayer regulatory mechanism between cells and tissue: stochastic mathematical analyses of the spontaneous ordering in beating synchronization. Biosystems 2013; 111:208-15. [PMID: 23454354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on beating synchronization, and tried to elucidate the interlayer regulatory mechanisms between the cells and clump in beating synchronization with using the stochastic simulations which realize the beating synchronizations in beating cells with low cell-cell conductance. Firstly, the fluctuation in interbeat intervals (IBIs) of beating cells encouraged the process of beating synchronization, which was identified as the stochastic resonance. Secondly, fluctuation in the synchronized IBIs of a clump decreased as the number of beating cells increased. The decrease in IBI fluctuation due to clump formation implied both a decline of the electrophysiological plasticity of each beating cell and an enhancement of the electrophysiological stability of the clump. These findings were identified as the community effects. Because IBI fluctuation and the community effect facilitated the beating stability of the cell and clump, these factors contributed to the spontaneous ordering in beating synchronization. Thirdly, the cellular layouts in clump affected the synchronized beating rhythms. The synchronized beating rhythm in clump was implicitly regulated by a complicated synergistic effect among IBI fluctuation of each beating cell, the community effect and the cellular layout. This finding was indispensable for leading an elucidation of mechanism of emergence. The stochastic simulations showed the necessity of considering the synergistic effect, to elucidate the interlayer regulatory mechanisms in biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hamada
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Magnetic field induced hopping among Arnold entrainment tongues of coupled iron electrochemical oscillators. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kaneko T, Nomura F, Yasuda K. On-chip constructive cell-network study (I): contribution of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiomyocyte beating synchronization and community effect. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:21. [PMID: 21605419 PMCID: PMC3123623 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds To clarify the role of cardiac fibroblasts in beating synchronization, we have made simple lined-up cardiomyocyte-fibroblast network model in an on-chip single-cell-based cultivation system. Results The synchronization phenomenon of two cardiomyocyte networks connected by fibroblasts showed (1) propagation velocity of electrophysiological signals decreased a magnitude depending on the increasing number of fibroblasts, not the lengths of fibroblasts; (2) fluctuation of interbeat intervals of the synchronized two cardiomyocyte network connected by fibroblasts did not always decreased, and was opposite from homogeneous cardiomyocyte networks; and (3) the synchronized cardiomyocytes connected by fibroblasts sometimes loses their synchronized condition and recovered to synchronized condition, in which the length of asynchronized period was shorter less than 30 beats and was independent to their cultivation time, whereas the length of synchronized period increased according to cultivation time. Conclusions The results indicated that fibroblasts can connect cardiomyocytes electrically but do not significantly enhance and contribute to beating interval stability and synchronization. This might also mean that an increase in the number of fibroblasts in heart tissue reduces the cardiomyocyte 'community effect', which enhances synchronization and stability of their beating rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kaneko
- Department of Biomedical Information, Division of Biosystems, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pirlo RK, Ma Z, Sweeney A, Liu H, Yun JX, Peng X, Yuan X, Guo GX, Gao BZ. Laser-guided cell micropatterning system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:013708. [PMID: 21280838 PMCID: PMC3045411 DOI: 10.1063/1.3529919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Employing optical force, our laser-guided cell micropatterning system, is capable of patterning different cell types onto and within standard cell research devices, including commercially available multielectrode arrays (MEAs) with glass culture rings, 35 mm Petri dishes, and microdevices microfabricated with polydimethylsiloxane on 22 mm × 22 mm cover glasses. We discuss the theory of optical forces for generating laser guidance and the calculation of optimal beam characteristics for cell guidance. We describe the hardware design and software program for the cell patterning system. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of the system by (1) patterning neurons to form an arbitrary pattern, (2) patterning neurons onto the electrodes of a standard MEA, and (3) patterning and aligning adult cardiomyocytes in a polystyrene Petri dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Pirlo
- Department of Bioengineering, COMSET, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634, USA
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Bloomfield JM, Painter KJ, Sherratt JA. How does cellular contact affect differentiation mediated pattern formation? Bull Math Biol 2010; 73:1529-58. [PMID: 20798994 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-010-9578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a two-population continuous integro-differential model of cell differentiation, using a non-local term to describe the influence of the local environment on differentiation. We investigate three different versions of the model, with differentiation being cell autonomous, regulated via a community effect, or weakly dependent on the local cellular environment. We consider the spatial patterns that such different modes of differentiation produce, and investigate the formation of both stripes and spots by the model. We show that pattern formation only occurs when differentiation is regulated by a strong community effect. In this case, permanent spatial patterns only occur under a precise relationship between the parameters characterising cell dynamics, although transient patterns can persist for biologically relevant timescales when this condition is relaxed. In all cases, the long-lived patterns consist only of stripes, not spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bloomfield
- Department of Mathematics and the Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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YASUDA K. On-chip Cellomics Technology for Drug Screening System Using Cardiomyocyte Cells from Human Stem Cell. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:545-57. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji YASUDA
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Smith NI, Kumamoto Y, Iwanaga S, Ando J, Fujita K, Kawata S. A femtosecond laser pacemaker for heart muscle cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:8604-16. [PMID: 18545573 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.008604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular effects of focused near-infrared femtosecond laser irradiation are shown to cause contraction in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. By periodic exposure to femtosecond laser pulse-trains, periodic contraction cycles in cardiomyocytes could be triggered, depleted, and synchronized with the laser periodicity. This was observed in isolated cells, and in small groups of cardiomyocytes with the laser acting as pacemaker for the entire group. A window for this effect was found to occur between 15 and 30 mW average power for an 80 fs, 82 MHz pulse train of 780 nm, using 8 ms exposures applied periodically at 1 to 2 Hz. At power levels below this power window, laser-induced cardiomyocyte contraction was not observed, while above this power window, cells typically responded by a high calcium elevation and contracted without subsequent relaxation. This laser-cell interaction allows the laser irradiation to act as a pacemaker, and can be used to trigger contraction in dormant cells as well as synchronize or destabilize contraction in spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes. By increasing laser power above the window available for laser-cell synchronization, we also demonstrate the use of cardiomyocytes as optically-triggered actuators. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of remote optical control of cardiomyocytes without requiring exogenous photosensitive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Smith
- Department of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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