1
|
Appraisal of the Possible Role of PPAR γ Upregulation by CLA of Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 in Colon Cancer Mitigation. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:9458308. [PMID: 36875279 PMCID: PMC9984262 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9458308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colon cancer (CC) is increasing at the endemic scale, which is accompanied by subsequent morbidity and mortality. Although there have been noteworthy achievements in the therapeutic strategies in recent years, the treatment of patients with CC remains a formidable task. The current study focused on to study role of biohydrogenation-derived conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 (CLAGS4) against CC, which induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in human CC HCT-116 cells. Pre-treatment with PPARγ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether has significantly reduced the inhibitory efficacy of enhanced cell viability of HCT-116 cells, suggesting the PPARγ-dependent cell death. The cancer cells treated with CLA/CLAGS4 demonstrated the reduced level of Prostaglandin E2 PGE2 in association with reduced COX-2 and 5-LOX expressions. Moreover, these consequences were found to be associated with PPARγ-dependent. Furthermore, delineation of mitochondrial dependent apoptosis with the help of molecular docking LigPlot analysis showed that CLA can bind with hexokinase-II (hHK-II) (highly expressed in cancer cells) and that this association underlies voltage dependent anionic channel to open, thereby causing mitochondrial membrane depolarization, a condition that initiates intrinsic apoptotic events. Apoptosis was further confirmed by annexin V staining and elevation of caspase 1p10 expression. Taken all together, it is deduced that, mechanistically, the upregulation of PPARγ by CLAGS4 of P. pentosaceus GS4 can alter cancer cell metabolism in association with triggering apoptosis in CC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are present in food produced by ruminant animals and they are accumulated in seeds of certain plants. These naturally occurring substances have demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Their potential effect to inhibit cancer has been shown in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we present the multiple effects of CLA isomers on cancer development such as anti-tumor efficiency, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant activity. Although the majority of the studies in vivo and in vitro summarized in this review have demonstrated beneficial effects of CLA on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, further experimental work is needed to estimate the true value of CLA as a real anti-cancer agent.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma A, Baddela VS, Roettgen V, Vernunft A, Viergutz T, Dannenberger D, Hammon HM, Schoen J, Vanselow J. Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Bovine Oocyte Competence and Granulosa Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32158433 PMCID: PMC7052110 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we assessed the effects of dietary essential fatty acids on the developmental competence of oocytes in cows and on the functionality of follicular granulosa cells (GC). Lactating German Holstein cows were supplemented from week 9 ante partum (ap) until week 8 post-partum (pp) in four dietary groups designed as (i) control (CTRL: coconut oil), (ii) essential fatty acid (EFA: linseed and safflower oil), (iii) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA: Lutalin®), and (iv) EFA+CLA (mixture of linseed oil, safflower oil and Lutalin®). EFA, CLA or EFA+CLA supplementation did not improve in vitro embryo production. However, higher proportions of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA were observed in the follicular fluid suggesting the exposure of GC to relatively high levels of ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Consequently, we tested different concentrations of ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in a bovine GC culture model for their effects on steroid production, marker gene expression and viability. Both fatty acids upregulated CD36 and downregulated the expression of FOXL2, while ALA significantly increased SOX 9 transcript levels. Both ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA reduced the CCND2 expression and cis-9, trans-11 CLA induced apoptosis. ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of STAR, CYP19A1, FSHR, LHCGR and decreased the 17β-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) production. In conclusion, dietary lipids did not improve in vitro embryo production, while ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA affected the morphology and functionality of GC. This could suggestively lead to compromised follicle development and ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows.
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Banks
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Ares I, Fontecha J, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Absorption Kinetics of the Main Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Commercial-Rich Oil after Oral Administration in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7680-7686. [PMID: 28789519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the oral absorption and plasma kinetics of two main isomers contained in commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-rich oil (Tonalin TG-80), rumenic acid (RA), and C18:2 trans-10, cis-12. The isomer plasma disposition after the single oral dose of 3000 mg of Tonalin TG-80/kg, containing 1200 mg/kg of each isomer, was studied in rats. The isomer plasma concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The plasma kinetics showed rapid oral absorption of RA and C18:2 trans-10, cis-12 (t1/2a 0.34 ± 0.09 and 0.53 ± 0.01 h) and slow elimination (t1/2β 25.68 ± 3.29 and 18.12 ± 1.71 h); the maximal isomer plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 8.48 ± 0.98 and 7.67 ± 0.80 μg mL-1, respectively, were estimated at 2.08 ± 0.14 and 2.26 ± 0.11 h. Our results from a preclinical kinetic study in rats help to design future studies in humans for evaluating the CLA isomer dose-response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O' Higgins , Fábrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago de Chile 8320000, Chile
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) could be involved in a regulatory role in apoptosis and a link between apoptosis and insulin resistance. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:574-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
7
|
Zhao B, Tomoda Y, Mizukami H, Makino T. 9-Oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid, a cytotoxic fatty acid ketodiene isolated from eggplant calyx, induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer (HRA) cells. J Nat Med 2015; 69:296-302. [PMID: 25724148 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
9-Oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid (9-EE-KODE), which is isolated from the calyx of eggplants, exhibits cytotoxic activity against human ovarian cancer (HRA) cells. The aim of the present study is to clarify the action mechanism of 9-EE-KODE leading to cell death. After the treatment of 9-EE-KODE in HRA cells, we found intracellular DNA fragmentation, surface-exposure of phosphatidylserine in the outer cell membrane, and increased caspase-3/7 activities in the HRA cells. The dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and up-regulation of Bax levels were also found in 9-EE-KODE-treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that 9-EE-KODE induced apoptosis in HRA cells via the mitochondrial regulation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Batista RITP, Raposo NRB, Campos-Junior PHA, Pereira MM, Camargo LSA, Carvalho BC, Gama MAS, Viana JHM. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces neutral lipid content and may affect cryotolerance of in vitro-produced crossbred bovine embryos. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:33. [PMID: 25002968 PMCID: PMC4083350 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to high neutral lipids accumulation in the cytoplasm, in vitro-produced embryos from Bos primigenius indicus and their crosses are more sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation than those from Bos primigenius taurus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the development and cryotolerance of crossbred Bos primigenius taurus x Bos primigenius indicus embryos produced in vitro, and cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum. Bovine zygotes (n = 1,692) were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: 1) Control, zygotes cultured in Charles Rosenkrans 2 amino acid (CR2aa) medium (n = 815) or 2) CLA, zygotes cultured in CR2aa medium supplemented with 100 μmol/L of trans-10, cis-12 CLA (n = 877). Embryo development (cleavage and blastocyst rates evaluated at days 3 and 8 of culture, respectively), lipid content at morula stage (day 5) and blastocyst cryotolerance (re-expansion and hatching rates, evaluated 24 and 72 h post-thawing, respectively) were compared between groups. Additionally, selected mRNA transcripts were measured by Real–Time PCR in blastocyst stage. Results The CLA treatment had no effect on cleavage and blastocyst rates, or on mRNA levels for genes related to cellular stress and apoptosis. On the other hand, abundance of mRNA for the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate 0-acyltransferase-encoding gene (AGPAT), which is involved in triglycerides synthesis, and consequently neutral lipid content, were reduced by CLA treatment. A significant increase was observed in the re-expansion rate of embryos cultured with trans-10, cis-12 CLA when compared to control (56.3 vs. 34.4%, respectively, P = 0.002). However, this difference was not observed in the hatching rate (16.5 vs. 14.0%, respectively, P = 0.62). Conclusions The supplementation with trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer in culture medium reduced the lipid content of in vitro produced bovine embryos by reducing the gene expression of 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate 0-acyltransferase (AGPAT) enzyme. However, a possible improvement in embryo cryotolerance in response to CLA, as suggested by increased blastocyst re-expansion rate, was not confirmed by hatching rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ribrio Ivan Tavares Pereira Batista
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil ; Embrapa Dairy Cattle Research Center, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
trans-11 18:1 vaccenic acid (TVA) has a direct anti-carcinogenic effect on MCF-7 human mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Nutrients 2014; 6:627-36. [PMID: 24518825 PMCID: PMC3942722 DOI: 10.3390/nu6020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans vaccenic acid (TVA; trans-11 18:1) is a positional and geometric isomer of oleic acid and it is the predominant trans isomer found in ruminant fats. TVA can be converted into cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA), a CLA isomer that has many beneficial effects, by stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in the mammary gland. The health benefits associated with CLA are well documented, but it is unclear whether trans fatty acids (TFAs) from ruminant products have healthy effects. Therefore, the effects of TVA on the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells and MCF-10A human breast epithelial cells were investigated in the present study. Results showed that TVA inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells but not MCF-10A cells by down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 as well as procaspase-9. In addition, the suppressive effect of TVA was confirmed in SCD1-depleted MCF-7 cells. Our results suggested that TVA exerts a direct anti-carcinogenic effect on MCF-7 cells. These findings provided a better understanding of the research on the anti-carcinogenic effects of TVA and this may facilitate the manufacture of TVA/c9, t11-CLA fortified ruminant products.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bonafé EG, Boeing JS, Matsushita M, Claus T, de Oliveira Santos O, de Oliveira CC, Eberlin MN, Visentainer JV. Evaluation of conjugated fatty acids incorporation in tilapia through
GC
–
FID
and EASI–MS. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Makoto Matsushita
- Department of ChemistryState University of MaringaMaringaParana StateBrazil
| | - Thiago Claus
- Department of ChemistryState University of MaringaMaringaParana StateBrazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry LaboratoryInstitute of Chemistry, State University of CampinasCampinasSão Paulo StateBrazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trans-10, cis 12-Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Induced Milk Fat Depression Is Associated with Inhibition of PPARγ Signaling and Inflammation in Murine Mammary Tissue. J Lipids 2013; 2013:890343. [PMID: 23762566 PMCID: PMC3666273 DOI: 10.1155/2013/890343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous trans-10, cis-12-CLA (CLA) reduces lipid synthesis in murine adipose and mammary (MG) tissues. However, genomewide alterations in MG and liver (LIV) associated with dietary CLA during lactation remain unknown. We fed mice (n = 5/diet) control or control + trans-10, cis-12-CLA (37 mg/day) between d 6 and d 10 postpartum. The 35,302 annotated murine exonic evidence-based oligo (MEEBO) microarray and quantitative RT-PCR were used for transcript profiling. Milk fat concentration was 44% lower on d 10 versus d 6 due to CLA. The CLA diet resulted in differential expression of 1,496 genes. Bioinformatics analyses underscored that a major effect of CLA on MG encompassed alterations in cellular signaling pathways and phospholipid species biosynthesis. Dietary CLA induced genes related to ER stress (Xbp1), apoptosis (Bcl2), and inflammation (Orm1, Saa2, and Cp). It also induced marked inhibition of PPAR γ signaling, including downregulation of Pparg and Srebf1 and several lipogenic target genes (Scd, Fasn, and Gpam). In LIV, CLA induced hepatic steatosis probably through perturbations in the mitochondrial functions and induction of ER stress. Overall, results from this study underscored the role of PPAR γ signaling on mammary lipogenic target regulation. The proinflammatory effect due to CLA could be related to inhibition of PPAR γ signaling.
Collapse
|
12
|
El Roz A, Bard JM, Huvelin JM, Nazih H. The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of the trans9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid isomer on MCF-7 breast cancer cells are associated with LXR activation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:265-72. [PMID: 23375583 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), naturally found in dairy products and ruminant meat, are positional and geometric isomers (trans: t or cis: c) of linoleic acid, and have been widely reported to possess anti-tumoral activity against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. CLA isomer t9,t11 was recently proposed as an agonist of the transcriptional factor LXR, which is known for inducing genes implicated in cholesterol efflux. In this study, the growth inhibitory effect of three CLA isomers (c9,t11-CLA, t9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA) was investigated on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as well as their effect on LXR target genes. Our results revealed that t9,t11-CLA was the most efficient isomer by decreasing MCF-7 proliferation, inhibiting migration, and inducing apoptosis after 24h of treatment. t9,t11-CLA treatment led to an increase in the mRNA levels of LXR target genes involved in cholesterol efflux (ABCG1 and ARL7), as well as an increase of HMG-CoA-reductase which is the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. Interestingly, confocal microscopy analysis showed that t9,t11-CLA treatment remarkably reduced the intracellular and membrane-associated cholesterol levels. LXR activation through t9,t11-CLA isomer could lead to cholesterol cell deprivation by stimulating its efflux, which results in the inhibition of cell proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A El Roz
- EA2160, Mer, Molécules, Santé, IUML: Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral FR3473 CNRS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induced cell death in human colon cancer cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated ER stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:759-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Zhong XF, Luo T, Huang GD, Deng ZY, Lei L. Equimolar mixture of c9,t11 and t9,t11 CLA inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Herman-Lara E, Santos-Blanco V, Vivar-Vera M, García H, Ochoa-Martínez L, Martínez-Sánchez C. Conjugated linoleic acid content in selected Mexican beef and dairy products. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2011.560966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
16
|
Brooke DG, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogues of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7033-43. [PMID: 22044656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity study of several new synthetic analogues of the avocado-produced toxin persin has been conducted, with compounds being evaluated for their cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. A 4-pyridinyl derivative demonstrated activity comparable to that of the natural product, suggesting future directions for exploration of structure-activity relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darby G Brooke
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsu YC, Ip MM. Conjugated linoleic acid-induced apoptosis in mouse mammary tumor cells is mediated by both G protein coupled receptor-dependent activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and by oxidative stress. Cell Signal 2011; 23:2013-20. [PMID: 21821121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has shown chemopreventive activity in several tumorigenesis models, in part through induction of apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that the t10,c12 isomer of CLA induced apoptosis of TM4t mouse mammary tumor cells through both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways, and that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) played a critical role in the apoptotic effect. In the current study, we focused on the upstream pathways by which AMPK was activated, and additionally evaluated the contributing role of oxidative stress to apoptosis. CLA-induced activation of AMPK and/or induction of apoptosis were inhibited by infection of TM4t cells with an adenovirus expressing a peptide which blocks the interaction between the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and Gα(q), by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, by the inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor inhibitor 2-APB, by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase α (CaMKK) inhibitor STO-609 and by the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM. This suggests that t10,c12-CLA may exert its apoptotic effect by stimulating GPCR through Gα(q) signaling, activation of phosphatidylinositol-PLC, followed by binding of the PLC-generated IP(3) to its receptor on the ER, triggering Ca(2+) release from the ER and finally stimulating the CaMKK-AMPK pathway. t10,c12-CLA also increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants blocked its apoptotic effect, as well as the CLA-induced activation of p38 MAPK, a downstream effector of AMPK. Together these data elucidate two major pathways by which t10,c12-CLA induces apoptosis, and suggest a point of intersection of the two pathways both upstream and downstream of AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chung Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang T, Gao Y, Mao Y, Zhang Q, Lin C, Lin P, Zhang J, Wang X. Growth inhibition and apoptotic effect of alpha-eleostearic acid on human breast cancer cells. J Nat Med 2011; 66:77-84. [PMID: 21691836 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-eleostearic acid (α-ESA) is a natural and biologically active compound which possesses potent antioxidant and anti-tumor activity. The purpose of this study was to confirm the anticancer activity of α-ESA against human breast cancer cells and to further elucidate its mechanism of activity. Human breast cancer cells and normal liver cells were used for in-vitro tests of the anticancer activity of α-ESA, including cytotoxicity, colony formation inhibition, EdU incorporation, AO/EB staining of apoptotic cells, cell cycle distribution through flow cytometry, and PPARγ, p21, Bax, p53, and caspase-3 mRNA expressions through RT-PCR. After α-ESA treatment, the proliferation, colony formation, and EdU labeling indices of cancer cells decreased (p < 0.05), while the AO/EB-stained apoptotic cells increased (p < 0.05). By FCM analysis, the apoptotic indices increased (p < 0.01), and the cell population decreased in S phase (p < 0.01) and increased in G(2)/M phase (p < 0.05) in α-ESA treated cancer cells. RT-RCR showed that α-ESA significantly increased the expression levels of PPARγ, p21, Bax, p53, and caspase-3 mRNA. The findings in these studies suggested that α-ESA exhibited a potential cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction effect on human breast cancer cells, with little effect on normal cells at certain concentrations. The mechanism for such effects might be associated with the inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of cancer cells through up-regulation of PPARγ, p21, Bax, p53, and caspase-3 expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
SATO K, SHINOHARA N, HONMA T, ITO J, ARAI T, NOSAKA N, AOYAMA T, TSUDUKI T, IKEDA I. The Change in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentration in Blood of Japanese Fed a Conjugated Linoleic Acid Diet. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:364-71. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Flowers M, Schroeder JA, Borowsky AD, Besselsen DG, Thomson CA, Pandey R, Thompson PA. Pilot study on the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on tumorigenesis and gene expression in PyMT transgenic mice. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1642-9. [PMID: 20624750 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a class of commercially available fatty acids that have been associated with anticancer properties in rodent models of chemical carcinogenesis. We conducted a pilot study to examine the antitumor effect of dietary CLA in a polyoma virus-middle T antigen (PyMT) mouse model of invasive breast cancer. Virgin 4-week-old PyMT mice were administered a mixed-isomer CLA diet (1% wt/wt) or control AIN-93G diet for 4 weeks (N = 6 and 5, respectively) and tumor burden was assessed at 8 weeks of age. Thoracic mammary glands were prepared as whole mounts with other glands being formalin fixed and paraffin embedded for histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Total RNA was prepared for microarray and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Western blots were performed for protein expression analysis. Tumor incidence was significantly increased in CLA-treated animals compared with controls (P = 0.009) and occurred with extensive lobular-alveolar expansion and loss of mammary adipose tissue. More than 100 genes were downregulated > or = 2-fold in the CLA-treated group compared with controls, including adipose-specific markers, as wells as cytoskeletal and adhesion-related genes. This was supported by dramatic decreases in the epithelial adherens E-cadherin and beta-catenin as demonstrated by IHC. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary CLA affects the mammary stromal environment, leading to tumor progression and cellular expansion in the PyMT mouse model. Further studies of the potential for cancer promotion are needed, especially because mixed-isomer CLA formulations are sold commercially as a nutritional supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Flowers
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen J. Src may be involved in the anti-cancer effect of conjugated linoleic acid. Comment on: CLA reduces breast cancer cell growth and invasion through ER and PI3K/Akt pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:250-1; author reply 252-3. [PMID: 20381479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Hsu YC, Meng X, Ou L, Ip MM. Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase-p38 MAP kinase pathway mediates apoptosis induced by conjugated linoleic acid in p53-mutant mouse mammary tumor cells. Cell Signal 2010; 22:590-9. [PMID: 19932174 PMCID: PMC2838459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits tumorigenesis and tumor growth in most model systems, an effect mediated in part by its pro-apoptotic activity. We previously showed that trans-10,cis-12 CLA induced apoptosis of p53-mutant TM4t mouse mammary tumor cells through both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. In the current study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key player in fatty acid metabolism, in CLA-induced apoptosis in TM4t cells. We found that t10,c12-CLA increased phosphorylation of AMPK, and that CLA-induced apoptosis was enhanced by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. The increased AMPK activity was not due to nutrient/energy depletion since ATP levels did not change in CLA-treated cells, and knockdown of the upstream kinase LKB1 did not affect its activity. Furthermore, our data do not demonstrate a role for the AMPK-modulated mTOR pathway in CLA-induced apoptosis. Although CLA decreased mTOR levels, activity was only modestly decreased. Moreover, rapamycin, which completely blocked the activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2, did not induce apoptosis, and attenuated rather than enhanced CLA-induced apoptosis. Instead, the data suggest that CLA-induced apoptosis is mediated by the AMPK-p38 MAPK-Bim pathway: CLA-induced phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, and increased expression of Bim, occurred with a similar time course as apoptosis; phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was blocked by compound C; the increased Bim expression was blocked by p38 MAPK siRNA; CLA-induced apoptosis was attenuated by the p38 inhibitor SB-203580 and by siRNAs directed against p38 MAPK or Bim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chung Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cao Y, Chen J, Yang L, Chen ZY. Differential incorporation of dietary conjugated linolenic and linoleic acids into milk lipids and liver phospholipids in lactating and suckling rats. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:685-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
24
|
Serini S, Piccioni E, Merendino N, Calviello G. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids as inducers of apoptosis: implications for cancer. Apoptosis 2009; 14:135-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
25
|
Seo JH, Moon HS, Kim IY, Guo DD, Lee HG, Choi YJ, Cho CS. PEGylated conjugated linoleic acid stimulation of apoptosis via a p53-mediated signaling pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:621-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
26
|
Islam MA, Kim YS, Jang WJ, Lee SM, Kim HG, Kim SY, Kim JO, Ha YL. A mixture of trans, trans conjugated linoleic acid induces apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with reciprocal expression of Bax and Bcl-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5970-5976. [PMID: 18570428 DOI: 10.1021/jf8004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growth inhibitory effect of a mixture of trans, trans conjugated linoleic acid isomers (t, t CLA) was investigated in a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, with references to c9, t11 CLA, t10, c12 CLA, and linoleic acid. The t, t CLA treatment effectively induced a cytotoxic effect in a time-dependent (0-6 days) and concentration-dependent (0-40 microM) manner, as compared to the reference and control treatments. The apoptotic parameters were measured on cells treated with 40 microM t, t CLA for 4 days. The occurrence of the characteristic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation confirmed apoptosis. The t, t CLA treatment led to an increase in the level of p53 tumor suppressor protein and Bax protein, but suppressed the expression of Bcl-2 protein. In addition, cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and the activation of caspase-3 led to the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, the composition of the linoleic and arachidonic acids was decreased in cellular membranes. These findings suggest that incorporation of t, t CLA in the membrane induces a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis that can enhance the antiproliferative effect of t, t CLA in MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Islam
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), Graduate School, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) inhibits new vessel growth in the mammalian brain. Brain Res 2008; 1213:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
The plasma membranes of all eukaryotic cells contain heterogeneous self-organising intrinsically unstable liquid ordered domains or lipid assemblies in which key signal transduction proteins are localised. These assemblies are classified as 'lipid rafts' (10-200 nm), which are composed mostly of cholesterol and sphingolipid microdomains and therefore do not integrate well into the fluid phospholipid bilayers. In addition, caveolae represent a subtype of lipid raft macrodomain that form flask-shaped membrane invaginations containing structural proteins, i.e. caveolins. With respect to the diverse biological effects of long-chain PUFA, increasing evidence suggests that n-3 PUFA and perhaps conjugated fatty acids uniquely alter the basic properties of cell membranes. Because of its polyunsaturation, DHA and possibly conjugated linoleic acid are sterically incompatible with sphingolipid and cholesterol and, therefore, appear to alter lipid raft behaviour and protein function. The present review examines the evidence indicating that dietary sources of n-3 PUFA can profoundly alter the biochemical make up of lipid rafts/caveolae microdomains, thereby influencing cell signalling, protein trafficking and cell cytokinetics.
Collapse
|
29
|
Keating AF, Zhao FQ, Finucane KA, Glimm DR, Kennelly JJ. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on bovine mammary cell growth, apoptosis and stearoyl Co-A desaturase gene expression. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 34:284-92. [PMID: 17959332 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the primary biologically active conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12; 15-150microM) on growth and survival of the bovine mammary cell-line, Mac-T, were evaluated using cell enumeration and TUNEL assay. Previous studies have shown that high concentrations of CLA induced severe milk fat depression and have had negative effects on milk yield and composition whereas the impact of lower doses has been a modest depression in milk fat percent. In this study, we show that increasing concentrations of both CLA isomers had negative impacts on cell growth, including reduced cell number at concentrations of 35microM and above (P<0.05) and a two-fold increase in induction of apoptosis in the mammary cells. Changes in cell morphology occurred with large vacuole-like structures in the cytoplasm, nuclear shrinkage and changes of nuclear shape to kidney shape. Insulin did not significantly affect apoptosis in CLA-treated cells. In addition, the effect of increased doses of CLA and the interaction of CLA and insulin on the bovine stearoyl Co-A desaturase (Scd) gene promoter was also analyzed. While a significant difference in the Scd promoter transcriptional activity was not observed in cells treated with different concentrations of CLA, insulin significantly enhanced Scd promoter activity in CLA-treated cells. Our in vitro data support the hypothesis that high levels of CLA may induce in vivo apoptosis in the mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen F Keating
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meng X, Shoemaker SF, McGee SO, Ip MM. t10,c12-Conjugated linoleic acid stimulates mammary tumor progression in Her2/ErbB2 mice through activation of both proliferative and survival pathways. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1013-21. [PMID: 18339686 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The t10,c12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis, metastasis from a transplantable mouse mammary tumor and angiogenesis; however, it stimulates mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice overexpressing ErbB2 in the mammary epithelium (ErbB2 transgenic mice). In the current study, we report that a 4-week supplementation of the diet with 0.5% trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) stimulated the growth of established ErbB2-overexpressing mammary tumors by 30% and increased the number of new tumors from 11% to 82%. Additionally, when t10,c12-CLA supplementation of ErbB2 transgenic mice was initiated at 21 weeks of age, a time just prior to tumor appearance, overall survival was decreased from 46.4 weeks in the control to 39.0 weeks in the CLA group, and survival after detection of a palpable tumor from 7.5 to 4.6 weeks. Short-term supplementation from 10 to 14 weeks or 21 to 25 weeks of age temporarily accelerated tumor development, but over the long term, there was no significant effect on mammary tumorigenesis. Long term as well as a short 4-week supplementation increased mammary epithelial hyperplasia and lobular development, and altered the mammary stroma; this was reversible in mice returned to the control diet. t10,c12-CLA altered proliferation and apoptosis of the mammary epithelium, although this differed depending on the length of administration and/or the age of the mice. The increased tumor development with t10,c12-CLA was associated with increased phosphorylation of the IGF-I/insulin receptor, as well as increased signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways; however, neither phospho-ErbB2 nor ErbB2 was altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ou L, Wu Y, Ip C, Meng X, Hsu YC, Ip MM. Apoptosis induced by t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid is mediated by an atypical endoplasmic reticulum stress response. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:985-94. [PMID: 18263853 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700465-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits rat mammary carcinogenesis, in part by inducing apoptosis of preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary epithelial cells. The current study focused on the mechanism by which apoptosis is induced. In TM4t mammary tumor cells, trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12)-CLA induced proapoptotic C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) concurrent with the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Knockdown of CHOP attenuated t10,c12-CLA-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, t10,c12-CLA induced the cleavage of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident caspase-12, and a selective inhibitor of caspase-12 significantly alleviated t10,c12-CLA-induced apoptosis. Using electron microscopy, we observed that t10,c12-CLA treatment resulted in marked dilatation of the ER lumen. Together, these data suggest that t10,c12-CLA induces apoptosis through ER stress. To further explore the ER stress pathway, we examined the expression of the following upstream ER stress signature markers in response to CLA treatment: X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA (unspliced and spliced), phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2 alpha, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and BiP proteins. We found that t10,c12-CLA induced the expression and splicing of XBP1 mRNA as well as the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha. In contrast, ATF4 was induced modestly, but not significantly, and BiP was not altered. In summary, our data demonstrate that apoptosis induced by t10,c12-CLA is mediated, at least in part, through an atypical ER stress response that culminates in the induction of CHOP and the cleavage of caspase-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Ou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim Y, Cerbo R, Hah C, Bahn K, Kim J, Ha Y. Growth Inhibition of Osteosarcoma Cell MG-63 by a Mixture of trans,trans Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers: Possible Mechanistic Actions. J Food Sci 2007; 73:T7-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|