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Wünkhaus D, Tang R, Nyame K, Laqtom NN, Schweizer M, Scotto Rosato A, Krogsæter EK, Wollnik C, Abu-Remaileh M, Grimm C, Hermey G, Kuhn R, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Markmann S. TRPML1 activation ameliorates lysosomal phenotypes in CLN3 deficient retinal pigment epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17469. [PMID: 39080379 PMCID: PMC11289453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lysosomal membrane protein CLN3 cause Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL). Activation of the lysosomal ion channel TRPML1 has previously been shown to be beneficial in several neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we tested whether TRPML1 activation rescues disease-associated phenotypes in CLN3-deficient retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19 CLN3-KO) cells. ARPE-19 CLN3-KO cells accumulate LAMP1 positive organelles and show lysosomal storage of mitochondrial ATPase subunit C (SubC), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs), whereas lysosomal bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP/LBPA) lipid levels were significantly decreased. Activation of TRPML1 reduced lysosomal storage of Gb3 and SubC but failed to restore BMP levels in CLN3-KO cells. TRPML1-mediated decrease of storage was TFEB-independent, and we identified TRPML1-mediated enhanced lysosomal exocytosis as a likely mechanism for clearing storage including GPDs. Therefore, ARPE-19 CLN3-KO cells represent a human cell model for CLN3 disease showing many of the described core lysosomal deficits, some of which can be improved using TRPML1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Charles River Laboratory, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, UK
| | - K Nyame
- Department of Chemical Engineering and of Genetics and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - N N Laqtom
- Department of Chemical Engineering and of Genetics and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Schweizer
- Core Facility Morphology and Electronmicroscopy, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Scotto Rosato
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - E K Krogsæter
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - M Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and of Genetics and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C Grimm
- Faculty of Medicine, Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Munich/Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Kuhn
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Heins-Marroquin U, Singh RR, Perathoner S, Gavotto F, Merino Ruiz C, Patraskaki M, Gomez-Giro G, Kleine Borgmann F, Meyer M, Carpentier A, Warmoes MO, Jäger C, Mittelbronn M, Schwamborn JC, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Crawford AD, Schymanski EL, Linster CL. CLN3 deficiency leads to neurological and metabolic perturbations during early development. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302057. [PMID: 38195117 PMCID: PMC10776888 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (or Batten disease) is an autosomal recessive, rare neurodegenerative disorder that affects mainly children above the age of 5 yr and is most commonly caused by mutations in the highly conserved CLN3 gene. Here, we generated cln3 morphants and stable mutant lines in zebrafish. Although neither morphant nor mutant cln3 larvae showed any obvious developmental or morphological defects, behavioral phenotyping of the mutant larvae revealed hyposensitivity to abrupt light changes and hypersensitivity to pro-convulsive drugs. Importantly, in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics analyses revealed significant accumulation of several glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs) and cholesteryl esters, and a global decrease in bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate species, two of which (GPDs and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates) were previously proposed as potential biomarkers for CLN3 disease based on independent studies in other organisms. We could also demonstrate GPD accumulation in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids carrying a pathogenic variant for CLN3 Our models revealed that GPDs accumulate at very early stages of life in the absence of functional CLN3 and highlight glycerophosphoinositol and BMP as promising biomarker candidates for pre-symptomatic CLN3 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Heins-Marroquin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Randolph R Singh
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- https://ror.org/00hj8s172 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Perathoner
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Floriane Gavotto
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Carla Merino Ruiz
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab SL, Reus, Spain
| | - Myrto Patraskaki
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Gemma Gomez-Giro
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Kleine Borgmann
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Meyer
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Carpentier
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christian Jäger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Science and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexander D Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Institute for Orphan Drug Discovery, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Carole L Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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3
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Chen J, Soni RK, Xu Y, Simoes S, Liang FX, DeFreitas L, Hwang R, Montesinos J, Lee JH, Area-Gomez E, Nandakumar R, Vardarajan B, Marquer C. Juvenile CLN3 disease is a lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder: similarities with Niemann-Pick type C disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104628. [PMID: 37245481 PMCID: PMC10227369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is juvenile CLN3 disease (JNCL), a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene. Based on our previous work and on the premise that CLN3 affects the trafficking of the cation-independent mannose-6 phosphate receptor and its ligand NPC2, we hypothesised that dysfunction of CLN3 leads to the aberrant accumulation of cholesterol in the late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Lys) of JNCL patients' brains. METHODS An immunopurification strategy was used to isolate intact LE/Lys from frozen autopsy brain samples. LE/Lys isolated from samples of JNCL patients were compared with age-matched unaffected controls and Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease patients. Indeed, mutations in NPC1 or NPC2 result in the accumulation of cholesterol in LE/Lys of NPC disease samples, thus providing a positive control. The lipid and protein content of LE/Lys was then analysed using lipidomics and proteomics, respectively. FINDINGS Lipid and protein profiles of LE/Lys isolated from JNCL patients were profoundly altered compared to controls. Importantly, cholesterol accumulated in LE/Lys of JNCL samples to a comparable extent than in NPC samples. Lipid profiles of LE/Lys were similar in JNCL and NPC patients, except for levels of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). Protein profiles detected in LE/Lys of JNCL and NPC patients appeared identical, except for levels of NPC1. INTERPRETATION Our results support that JNCL is a lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder. Our findings also support that JNCL and NPC disease share pathogenic pathways leading to aberrant lysosomal accumulation of lipids and proteins, and thus suggest that the treatments available for NPC disease may be beneficial to JNCL patients. This work opens new avenues for further mechanistic studies in model systems of JNCL and possible therapeutic interventions for this disorder. FUNDING San Francisco Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda Chen
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabrina Simoes
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Core Laboratory of Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura DeFreitas
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Hwang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine Marquer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA.
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4
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Laqtom NN, Dong W, Medoh UN, Cangelosi AL, Dharamdasani V, Chan SH, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Heinze I, Tang R, Grimm C, Dang Do AN, Porter FD, Ori A, Sabatini DM, Abu-Remaileh M. CLN3 is required for the clearance of glycerophosphodiesters from lysosomes. Nature 2022; 609:1005-1011. [PMID: 36131016 PMCID: PMC10510443 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes have many roles, including degrading macromolecules and signalling to the nucleus1. Lysosomal dysfunction occurs in various human conditions, such as common neurodegenerative diseases and monogenic lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs)2-4. For most LSDs, the causal genes have been identified but, in some, the function of the implicated gene is unknown, in part because lysosomes occupy a small fraction of the cellular volume so that changes in lysosomal contents are difficult to detect. Here we develop the LysoTag mouse for the tissue-specific isolation of intact lysosomes that are compatible with the multimodal profiling of their contents. We used the LysoTag mouse to study CLN3, a lysosomal transmembrane protein with an unknown function. In children, the loss of CLN3 causes juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease), a lethal neurodegenerative LSD. Untargeted metabolite profiling of lysosomes from the brains of mice lacking CLN3 revealed a massive accumulation of glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs)-the end products of glycerophospholipid catabolism. GPDs also accumulate in the lysosomes of CLN3-deficient cultured cells and we show that CLN3 is required for their lysosomal egress. Loss of CLN3 also disrupts glycerophospholipid catabolism in the lysosome. Finally, we found elevated levels of glycerophosphoinositol in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Batten disease, suggesting the potential use of glycerophosphoinositol as a disease biomarker. Our results show that CLN3 is required for the lysosomal clearance of GPDs and reveal Batten disease as a neurodegenerative LSD with a defect in glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf N Laqtom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Uche N Medoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Cangelosi
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ivonne Heinze
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rachel Tang
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - An N Dang Do
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Hancock-Cerutti W, Wu Z, Xu P, Yadavalli N, Leonzino M, Tharkeshwar AK, Ferguson SM, Shadel GS, De Camilli P. ER-lysosome lipid transfer protein VPS13C/PARK23 prevents aberrant mtDNA-dependent STING signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202106046. [PMID: 35657605 PMCID: PMC9170524 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in VPS13C cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established that VPS13C encodes a lipid transfer protein localized to contact sites between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes. In the current study, we demonstrate that depleting VPS13C in HeLa cells causes an accumulation of lysosomes with an altered lipid profile, including an accumulation of di-22:6-BMP, a biomarker of the PD-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation. In addition, the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway, which was recently implicated in PD pathogenesis, is activated in these cells. This activation results from a combination of elevated mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and a defect in the degradation of activated STING, a lysosome-dependent process. These results suggest a link between ER-lysosome lipid transfer and innate immune activation in a model human cell line and place VPS13C in pathways relevant to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hancock-Cerutti
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- MD/PhD Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Narayana Yadavalli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Marianna Leonzino
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
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6
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Li W, Cologna SM. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Omics 2022; 18:256-278. [PMID: 35343995 PMCID: PMC9098683 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00004k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The major function of the lysosome is to degrade unwanted materials such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; therefore, deficits of the lysosomal system can result in improper degradation and trafficking of these biomolecules. Diseases associated with lysosomal failure can be lethal and are termed lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), which affect 1 in 5000 live births collectively. LSDs are inherited metabolic diseases caused by mutations in single lysosomal and non-lysosomal proteins and resulting in the subsequent accumulation of macromolecules within. Most LSD patients present with neurodegenerative clinical symptoms, as well as damage in other organs. The discovery of new biomarkers is necessary to understand and monitor these diseases and to track therapeutic progress. Over the past ten years, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has flourished in the biomarker studies in many diseases, including neurodegenerative, and more specifically, LSDs. In this review, biomarkers of disease pathophysiology and monitoring of LSDs revealed by MS-based proteomics are discussed, including examples from Niemann-Pick disease type C, Fabry disease, neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses, mucopolysaccharidosis, Krabbe disease, mucolipidosis, and Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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7
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Zhong Y, Mohan K, Liu J, Al-Attar A, Lin P, Flight RM, Sun Q, Warmoes MO, Deshpande RR, Liu H, Jung KS, Mitov MI, Lin N, Butterfield DA, Lu S, Liu J, Moseley HNB, Fan TWM, Kleinman ME, Wang QJ. Loss of CLN3, the gene mutated in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, leads to metabolic impairment and autophagy induction in retinal pigment epithelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165883. [PMID: 32592935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL, aka. juvenile Batten disease or CLN3 disease) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by progressive blindness, seizures, cognitive and motor failures, and premature death. JNCL is caused by mutations in the Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Neuronal 3 (CLN3) gene, whose function is unclear. Although traditionally considered a neurodegenerative disease, CLN3 disease displays eye-specific effects: Vision loss not only is often one of the earliest symptoms of JNCL, but also has been reported in non-syndromic CLN3 disease. Here we described the roles of CLN3 protein in maintaining healthy retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and normal vision. Using electroretinogram, fundoscopy and microscopy, we showed impaired visual function, retinal autofluorescent lesions, and RPE disintegration and metaplasia/hyperplasia in a Cln3 ~ 1 kb-deletion mouse model [1] on C57BL/6J background. Utilizing a combination of biochemical analyses, RNA-Seq, Seahorse XF bioenergetic analysis, and Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM), we further demonstrated that loss of CLN3 increased autophagic flux, suppressed mTORC1 and Akt activities, enhanced AMPK activity, and up-regulated gene expression of the autophagy-lysosomal system in RPE-1 cells, suggesting autophagy induction. This CLN3 deficiency induced autophagy induction coincided with decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and ATP production. We also reported for the first time that loss of CLN3 led to glycogen accumulation despite of impaired glycogen synthesis. Our comprehensive analyses shed light on how loss of CLN3 affect autophagy and metabolism. This work suggests possible links among metabolic impairment, autophagy induction and lysosomal storage, as well as between RPE atrophy/degeneration and vision loss in JNCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kabhilan Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Robert M Flight
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rahul R Deshpande
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kyung Sik Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mihail I Mitov
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - D Allan Butterfield
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shuyan Lu
- Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jinze Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hunter N B Moseley
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Teresa W M Fan
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mark E Kleinman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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8
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Rivero-Ríos P, Romo-Lozano M, Fasiczka R, Naaldijk Y, Hilfiker S. LRRK2-Related Parkinson's Disease Due to Altered Endolysosomal Biology With Variable Lewy Body Pathology: A Hypothesis. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:556. [PMID: 32581693 PMCID: PMC7287096 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are associated with both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 encodes a large protein comprised of a GTPase and a kinase domain. All pathogenic variants converge on enhancing LRRK2 kinase substrate phosphorylation, and distinct LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are currently in various stages of clinical trials. Although the precise pathophysiological functions of LRRK2 remain largely unknown, PD-associated mutants have been shown to alter various intracellular vesicular trafficking pathways, especially those related to endolysosomal protein degradation events. In addition, biochemical studies have identified a subset of Rab proteins, small GTPases required for all vesicular trafficking steps, as substrate proteins for the LRRK2 kinase activity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the impact of such phosphorylation on neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying LRRK2-related PD, especially with respect to deregulated Rab-mediated endolysosomal membrane trafficking and protein degradation events. Surprisingly, a significant proportion of PD patients due to LRRK2 mutations display neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta in the absence of any apparent α-synuclein-containing Lewy body neuropathology. These findings suggest that endolysosomal alterations mediated by pathogenic LRRK2 per se are not sufficient to cause α-synuclein aggregation. Here, we will review current knowledge about the link between pathogenic LRRK2, Rab protein phosphorylation and endolysosomal trafficking alterations, and we will propose a testable working model whereby LRRK2-related PD may present with variable LB pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivero-Ríos
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - María Romo-Lozano
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Rachel Fasiczka
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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9
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Walters R, Medintz IL, Delehanty JB, Stewart MH, Susumu K, Huston AL, Dawson PE, Dawson G. The Role of Negative Charge in the Delivery of Quantum Dots to Neurons. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/4/1759091415592389. [PMID: 26243591 PMCID: PMC4550297 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415592389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite our extensive knowledge of the structure of negatively charged cell surface proteoglycans and sialoglycoconjugates in the brain, we have little understanding of how their negative charge contributes to brain function. We have previously shown that intensely photoluminescent 9-nm diameter quantum dots (QDs) with a CdSe core, a ZnS shell, and a negatively charged compact molecular ligand coating (CL4) selectively target neurons rather than glia. We now provide an explanation for this selective neuronal delivery. In this study, we compared three zwitterionic QD coatings differing only in their regions of positive or negative charge, as well as a positively charged (NH2) polyethylene glycol (PEG) coat, for their ability to deliver the cell-membrane-penetrating chaperone lipopeptide JB577 (WG(Palmitoyl)VKIKKP9G2H6) to individual cells in neonatal rat hippocampal slices. We confirm both that preferential uptake in neurons, and the lack of uptake in glia, is strongly associated with having a region of greater negative charge on the QD coating. In addition, the role of negatively charged chondroitin sulfate of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in restricting uptake was further suggested by digesting neonatal rat hippocampal slices with chondroitinase ABC and showing increased uptake of QDs by oligodendrocytes. Treatment still did not affect uptake in astrocytes or microglia. Finally, the future potential of using QDs as vehicles for trafficking proteins into cells continues to show promise, as we show that by administering a histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein (eGFP-His6) to hippocampal slices, we can observe neuronal uptake of GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Walters
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael H Stewart
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan L Huston
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Glyn Dawson
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, IL, USA Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Akgoc Z, Sena-Esteves M, Martin DR, Han X, d'Azzo A, Seyfried TN. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate: a secondary storage lipid in the gangliosidoses. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1006-13. [PMID: 25795792 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a negatively charged glycerophospholipid with an unusual sn-1;sn-1' structural configuration. BMP is primarily enriched in endosomal/lysosomal membranes. BMP is thought to play a role in glycosphingolipid degradation and cholesterol transport. Elevated BMP levels have been found in many lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), suggesting an association with lysosomal storage material. The gangliosidoses are a group of neurodegenerative LSDs involving the accumulation of either GM1 or GM2 gangliosides resulting from inherited deficiencies in β-galactosidase or β-hexosaminidase, respectively. Little information is available on BMP levels in gangliosidosis brain tissue. Our results showed that the content of BMP in brain was significantly greater in humans and in animals (mice, cats, American black bears) with either GM1 or GM2 ganglioside storage diseases, than in brains of normal subjects. The storage of BMP and ganglioside GM2 in brain were reduced similarly following adeno-associated viral-mediated gene therapy in Sandhoff disease mice. We also found that C22:6, C18:0, and C18:1 were the predominant BMP fatty acid species in gangliosidosis brains. The results show that BMP accumulates as a secondary storage material in the brain of a broad range of mammals with gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akgoc
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology and Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827
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11
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Hullin-Matsuda F, Taguchi T, Greimel P, Kobayashi T. Lipid compartmentalization in the endosome system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 31:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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CLN3 loss disturbs membrane microdomain properties and protein transport in brain endothelial cells. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18065-79. [PMID: 24227717 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0498-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a fatal childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal-3 (CLN3), a hydrophobic transmembrane protein of unresolved function. Previous studies indicate blood-brain barrier (BBB) defects in JNCL, and our earlier report showed prominent Cln3 expression in mouse brain endothelium. Here we find that CLN3 is necessary for normal trafficking of the microdomain-associated proteins caveolin-1, syntaxin-6, and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) in brain endothelial cells. Correspondingly, CLN3-null cells have reduced caveolae, and impaired caveolae- and MDR1-related functions including endocytosis, drug efflux, and cell volume regulation. We also detected an abnormal blood-brain barrier response to osmotic stress in vivo. Evaluation of the plasma membrane with fluorescent sphingolipid probes suggests microdomain destabilization and enhanced fluidity in CLN3-null cells. In further work we found that application of the glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide to CLN3-deficient cells rescues protein transport and caveolar endocytosis. Last, we show that CLN3 localizes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and partitions with buoyant microdomain fractions. We propose that CLN3 facilitates TGN-to-plasma membrane transport of microdomain-associated proteins. Insult to this pathway may underlie BBB dysfunction and contribute to JNCL pathogenesis.
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13
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Scifo E, Szwajda A, Dębski J, Uusi-Rauva K, Kesti T, Dadlez M, Gingras AC, Tyynelä J, Baumann MH, Jalanko A, Lalowski M. Drafting the CLN3 protein interactome in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells: a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2101-15. [PMID: 23464991 DOI: 10.1021/pr301125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are the most common inherited progressive encephalopathies of childhood. One of the most prevalent forms of NCL, Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or CLN3 disease (OMIM: 204200), is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene on chromosome 16p12.1. Despite progress in the NCL field, the primary function of ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 3 (CLN3) remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of human CLN3 in the brain by identifying CLN3-associated proteins using a Tandem Affinity Purification coupled to Mass Spectrometry (TAP-MS) strategy combined with Significance Analysis of Interactome (SAINT). Human SH-SY5Y-NTAP-CLN3 stable cells were used to isolate native protein complexes for subsequent TAP-MS. Bioinformatic analyses of isolated complexes yielded 58 CLN3 interacting partners (IP) including 42 novel CLN3 IP, as well as 16 CLN3 high confidence interacting partners (HCIP) previously identified in another high-throughput study by Behrends et al., 2010. Moreover, 31 IP of ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 5 (CLN5) were identified (18 of which were in common with the CLN3 bait). Our findings support previously suggested involvement of CLN3 in transmembrane transport, lipid homeostasis and neuronal excitability, as well as link it to G-protein signaling and protein folding/sorting in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Scifo
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, and Finnish Graduate School of Neuroscience, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Getty AL, Rothberg PG, Pearce DA. Diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: mutation detection strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:351-62. [PMID: 23489355 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.1.3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of rare genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorders in children. These diseases are classified by age of onset (congenital, infantile, late-infantile, juvenile and adult-onset) and by the gene bearing mutations (CLN10/CTSD, CLN1/PPT1, CLN2/TPP1, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN7/MFSD8 and CLN8). Enzyme activity assays are helpful in identifying several of these disorders; however confirmation of the mutation in the gene causing these diseases is vital for definitive diagnosis. There exists considerable heterogeneity in the NCLs as a whole and within each type of NCL both in phenotype (disease manifestation and progression) and genotype (type of mutation), which complicates NCL diagnosis. In order to streamline the diagnostic process, the age of symptom onset, geography and/or ethnicity, and enzyme activity may be considered together. However, these ultimately serve to guide targeting the correct route to genetic confirmation of an NCL through mutational analysis. Herein, an effective protocol to diagnose NCLs using these criteria is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Getty
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Neural Development and Disease, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Box 645, Rochester, New York 14642, USA +1 585 506 1972 ;
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15
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Kollmann K, Uusi-Rauva K, Scifo E, Tyynelä J, Jalanko A, Braulke T. Cell biology and function of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1866-81. [PMID: 23402926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) comprise a group of inherited lysosomal disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments, neuroinflammation, photoreceptor- and neurodegeneration. Most of the NCL-related genes encode soluble and transmembrane proteins which localize to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment and directly or indirectly regulate lysosomal function. Recently, exome sequencing led to the identification of four novel gene defects in NCL patients and a new NCL nomenclature currently comprising CLN1 through CLN14. Although the precise function of most of the NCL proteins remains elusive, comprehensive analyses of model organisms, particularly mouse models, provided new insight into pathogenic mechanisms of NCL diseases and roles of mutant NCL proteins in cellular/subcellular protein and lipid homeostasis, as well as their adaptive/compensatorial regulation at the transcriptional level. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression, function and regulation of NCL proteins and their impact on lysosomal integrity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses or Batten Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kollmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Uusi-Rauva K, Kyttälä A, van der Kant R, Vesa J, Tanhuanpää K, Neefjes J, Olkkonen VM, Jalanko A. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis protein CLN3 interacts with motor proteins and modifies location of late endosomal compartments. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2075-89. [PMID: 22261744 PMCID: PMC11114557 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CLN3 is an endosomal/lysosomal transmembrane protein mutated in classical juvenile onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a fatal inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. The function of CLN3 in endosomal/lysosomal events has remained elusive due to poor understanding of its interactions in these compartments. It has previously been shown that the localisation of late endosomal/lysosomal compartments is disturbed in cells expressing the most common disease-associated CLN3 mutant, CLN3∆ex7-8 (c.462-677del). We report here that a protracted disease causing mutant, CLN3E295K, affects the properties of late endocytic compartments, since over-expression of the CLN3E295K mutant protein in HeLa cells induced relocalisation of Rab7 and a perinuclear clustering of late endosomes/lysosomes. In addition to the previously reported disturbances in the endocytic pathway, we now show that the anterograde transport of late endosomal/lysosomal compartments is affected in CLN3 deficiency. CLN3 interacted with motor components driving both plus and minus end microtubular trafficking: tubulin, dynactin, dynein and kinesin-2. Most importantly, CLN3 was found to interact directly with active, guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)-bound Rab7 and with the Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP) that anchors the dynein motor. The data presented in this study provide novel insights into the role of CLN3 in late endosomal/lysosomal membrane transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Uusi-Rauva
- National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aija Kyttälä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rik van der Kant
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jouni Vesa
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088 USA
| | - Kimmo Tanhuanpää
- Light Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare and FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 104, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
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17
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18
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Padilla-López S, Langager D, Chan CH, Pearce DA. BTN1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog to the human Batten disease gene, is involved in phospholipid distribution. Dis Model Mech 2011; 5:191-9. [PMID: 22107873 PMCID: PMC3291640 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.008490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BTN1, the yeast homolog to human CLN3 (which is defective in Batten disease), has been implicated in the regulation of vacuolar pH, potentially by modulating vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity. However, we report that Btn1p and the V-ATPase complex do not physically interact, suggesting that any influence that Btn1p has on V-ATPase is indirect. Because membrane lipid environment plays a crucial role in the activity and function of membrane proteins, we investigated whether cells lacking BTN1 have altered membrane phospholipid content. Deletion of BTN1 (btn1-Δ) led to a decreased level of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) in both mitochondrial and vacuolar membranes. In yeast there are two phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) decarboxylases, Psd1p and Psd2p, and these proteins are responsible for the synthesis of PtdEtn in mitochondria and Golgi-endosome, respectively. Deletion of both BTN1 and PSD1 (btn1-Δ psd1-Δ) led to a further decrease in levels of PtdEtn in ER membranes associated to mitochondria (MAMs), with a parallel increase in PtdSer. Fluorescent-labeled PtdSer (NBD-PtdSer) transport assays demonstrated that transport of NBD-PtdSer from the ER to both mitochondria and endosomes and/or vacuole is affected in btn1-Δ cells. Moreover, btn1-Δ affects the synthesis of PtdEtn by the Kennedy pathway and impairs the ability of psd1-Δ cells to restore PtdEtn to normal levels in mitochondria and vacuoles by ethanolamine addition. In summary, lack of Btn1p alters phospholipid levels and might play a role in regulating their subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Padilla-López
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
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19
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Kohan R, Cismondi IA, Oller-Ramirez AM, Guelbert N, Anzolini TV, Alonso G, Mole SE, de Kremer DR, de Halac NI. Therapeutic approaches to the challenge of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:867-83. [PMID: 21235444 PMCID: PMC3632406 DOI: 10.2174/138920111795542633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) affecting the central nervous system (CNS), with generally recessive inheritance. They are characterized by pathological lipofuscin-like material accumulating in cells. The clinical phenotypes at all onset ages show progressive loss of vision, decreasing cognitive and motor skills, epileptic seizures and premature death, with dementia without visual loss prominent in the rarer adult forms. Eight causal genes, CLN10/CTSD, CLN1/PPT1, CLN2/TPP1, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN7/MFSD8, CLN8, with more than 265 mutations and 38 polymorphisms (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ncl) have been described. Other NCL genes are hypothesized, including CLN4 and CLN9; CLCN6, CLCN7 and possibly SGSH are under study. Some therapeutic strategies applied to other LSDs with significant systemic involvement would not be effective in NCLs due to the necessity of passing the blood brain barrier to prevent the neurodegeneration, repair or restore the CNS functionality. There are therapies for the NCLs currently at preclinical stages and under phase 1 trials to establish safety in affected children. These approaches involve enzyme replacement, gene therapy, neural stem cell replacement, immune therapy and other pharmacological approaches. In the next decade, progress in the understanding of the natural history and the biochemical and molecular cascade of events relevant to the pathogenesis of these diseases in humans and animal models will be required to achieve significant therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kohan
- Center for the Study of Inherited Metabolic Diseases (CEMECO),Children's Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, National University Cordoba, Argentina.
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20
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A knock-in reporter mouse model for Batten disease reveals predominant expression of Cln3 in visual, limbic and subcortical motor structures. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 41:237-48. [PMID: 20875858 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or Batten disease is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder of children caused by mutation in CLN3. JNCL is characterized by progressive visual impairment, cognitive and motor deficits, seizures and premature death. Information about the localization of CLN3 expressing neurons in the nervous system is limited, especially during development. The present study has systematically mapped the spatial and temporal localization of CLN3 reporter neurons in the entire nervous system including retina, using a knock-in reporter mouse model. CLN3 reporter is expressed predominantly in post-migratory neurons in visual and limbic cortices, anterior and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, amygdala, cerebellum, red nucleus, reticular formation, vestibular nuclei and retina. CLN3 reporter in the nervous system is mainly expressed during the first postnatal month except in the dentate gyrus, parasolitary nucleus and retina, where it is still strongly expressed in adulthood. The predominant distribution of CLN3 reporter neurons in visual, limbic and subcortical motor structures correlates well with the clinical symptoms of JNCL. These findings have also revealed potential target brain regions and time periods for future investigations of the disease mechanisms and therapeutic intervention.
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21
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Getty AL, Benedict JW, Pearce DA. A novel interaction of CLN3 with nonmuscle myosin-IIB and defects in cell motility of Cln3(-/-) cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:51-69. [PMID: 20850431 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a pediatric lysosomal storage disorder characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material and neurodegeneration, which result from mutations in CLN3. The function of CLN3, a lysosomal membrane protein, is currently unknown. We report that CLN3 interacts with cytoskeleton-associated nonmuscle myosin-IIB. Both CLN3 and myosin-IIB are ubiquitously expressed, yet mutations in either produce dramatic consequences in the CNS such as neurodegeneration in JNCL patients and Cln3(-/-) mouse models, or developmental deficiencies in Myh10(-/-) mice, respectively. A scratch assay revealed a migration defect associated with Cln3(-/-) cells. Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin-II with blebbistatin in WT cells resulted in a phenotype that mimics the Cln3(-/-) migration defect. Moreover, inhibiting lysosome function by treating cells with chloroquine exacerbated the migration defect in Cln3(-/-). Cln3(-/-) cells traversing a transwell filter under gradient trophic factor conditions displayed altered migration, further linking lysosomal function and cell migration. The myosin-IIB distribution in Cln3(-/-) cells is elongated, indicating a cytoskeleton defect caused by the loss of CLN3. In summary, cells lacking CLN3 have defects that suggest altered myosin-IIB activity, supporting a functional and physical interaction between CLN3 and myosin-IIB. We propose that the migration defect in Cln3(-/-) results, in part, from the loss of the CLN3-myosin-IIB interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Getty
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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22
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Stein CS, Yancey PH, Martins I, Sigmund RD, Stokes JB, Davidson BL. Osmoregulation of ceroid neuronal lipofuscinosis type 3 in the renal medulla. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298:C1388-400. [PMID: 20219947 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00272.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recessive inheritance of mutations in ceroid neuronal lipofuscinosis type 3 (CLN3) results in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), a childhood neurodegenerative disease with symptoms including loss of vision, seizures, and motor and mental decline. CLN3p is a transmembrane protein with undefined function. Using a Cln3 reporter mouse harboring a nuclear-localized bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) gene driven by the native Cln3 promoter, we detected beta-Gal most prominently in epithelial cells of skin, colon, lung, and kidney. In the kidney, beta-Gal-positive nuclei were predominant in medullary collecting duct principal cells, with increased expression along the medullary osmotic gradient. Quantification of Cln3 transcript levels from kidneys of wild-type (Cln3(+/+)) mice corroborated this expression gradient. Reporter mouse-derived renal epithelial cultures demonstrated a tonicity-dependent increase in beta-Gal expression. RT-quantitative PCR determination of Cln3 transcript levels further supported osmoregulation at the Cln3 locus. In vivo, osmoresponsiveness of Cln3 was demonstrated by reduction of medullary Cln3 transcript abundance after furosemide administration. Primary cultures of epithelial cells of the inner medulla from Cln3(lacZ/lacZ) (CLN3p-null) mice showed no defect in osmolyte accumulation or taurine flux, arguing against a requirement for CLN3p in osmolyte import or synthesis. CLN3p-deficient mice with free access to water showed a mild urine-concentrating defect but, upon water deprivation, were able to concentrate their urine normally. Unexpectedly, we found that CLN3p-deficient mice were hyperkalemic and had a low fractional excretion of K(+). Together, these findings suggest an osmoregulated role for CLN3p in renal control of water and K(+) balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Hullin-Matsuda F, Luquain-Costaz C, Bouvier J, Delton-Vandenbroucke I. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, a peculiar phospholipid to control the fate of cholesterol: Implications in pathology. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:313-24. [PMID: 19857945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is a structural isomer of phosphatidylglycerol that exhibits an unusual sn1:sn1' stereoconfiguration, based on the position of the phosphate moiety on its two glycerol units. Early works have underlined the high concentration of BMP in the lysosomal compartment, especially during some lysosomal storage disorders and drug-induced phospholipidosis. Despite numerous studies, both biosynthetic and degradative pathways of BMP remained not completely elucidated. More recently, BMP has been localized in the internal membranes of late endosomes where it forms specialized lipid domains. Its involvement in both dynamics and lipid/protein sorting functions of late endosomes has started to be documented, especially in the control of cellular cholesterol distribution. BMP also plays an important role in the late endosomal/lysosomal degradative pathway. Another peculiarity of BMP is to be naturally enriched in docosahexaenoic acid and/or to specifically incorporate this fatty acid compared to other polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may confer specific biophysical and functional properties to this phospholipid. This review summarizes and updates our knowledge on BMP with an emphasis on its possible implication in human health and diseases, especially in relation to cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hullin-Matsuda
- Université de Lyon, UMR 870 Inserm, Insa-Lyon, UMR 1135 Inra, Univ Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IMBL, 20 Ave A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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24
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Bozorg S, Ramirez-Montealegre D, Chung M, Pearce DA. Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) and the eye. Surv Ophthalmol 2009; 54:463-71. [PMID: 19539834 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, or Batten disease, is the most common type of NCL in the United States and Europe. This devastating disorder presents with vision failure and progresses to include seizures, motor dysfunction, and dementia. Death usually occurs in the third decade, but some patients die before age twenty. Though the mechanism of visual failure remains poorly understood, recent advances in molecular genetics have improved diagnostic testing and suggested possible therapeutic strategies. The ophthalmologist plays a crucial role in both early diagnosis and documentation of progression of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. We update Batten disease research, particularly as it relates to the eye, and present various theories on the pathophysiology of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bozorg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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25
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Chan CH, Ramirez-Montealegre D, Pearce DA. Altered arginine metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) of the Cln3-/- mouse model of juvenile Batten disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2009; 35:189-207. [PMID: 19284480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.00984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (JNCL) or juvenile Batten disease is a recessively inherited childhood neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a mutation in CLN3, which encodes a putative lysosomal protein of unknown function. AIM Recent evidence suggests that a disruption in CLN3 function results in altered regulation of arginine transport into lysosomes, and may influence intracellular arginine levels. We sought to investigate the possible consequences of arginine dysregulation in the brain of the Cln3(-/-) mouse model of JNCL. METHODS Using a combination of enzyme assays, metabolite profiling, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, we analysed the activities and expression of enzymes involved in arginine metabolism in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of Cln3(-/-) mice over several developmental time points. RESULTS We report subtle, but significant changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the citrulline-NO recycling pathway, and altered regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the cortex and cerebellum of Cln3(-/-) mice. In addition, a significant decrease in arginine transport into cerebellar granule cells was observed, despite an apparent upregulation of the cationic amino acid transporter-1 transporter at the cell surface. Our results provide further evidence that CLN3 function and arginine homeostasis are intricately related, and that cellular mechanisms may act to compensate for the loss of this protein. CONCLUSIONS This and other studies indicate that CLN3 dysfunction in JNCL may result in multiple disturbances in metabolism that together contribute to the pathophysiological processes underlying this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Chan
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642, USA
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26
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Ramachandran N, Girard JM, Turnbull J, Minassian BA. The autosomal recessively inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsies and their genes. Epilepsia 2009; 50 Suppl 5:29-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Codlin S, Mole SE. S. pombe btn1, the orthologue of the Batten disease gene CLN3, is required for vacuole protein sorting of Cpy1p and Golgi exit of Vps10p. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1163-73. [PMID: 19299465 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.038323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Batten disease is characterised by lysosomal dysfunction. The most common type of the disease is caused by mutations in the membrane protein CLN3, whose function is unknown. We show that the fission yeast orthologue Btn1p, previously implicated in vacuole function, is required for correct sorting of the vacuole hydrolase carboxypeptidase Y (Cpy1p). This is, in part, due to a defect in trafficking of Vps10p, the sorting receptor for Cpy1p, from the Golgi to the trans-Golgi network in btn1Delta cells. Our data also implicate btn1 in other Vps10-independent Cpy1-sorting pathways. Furthermore, btn1 affects the number, intracellular location and structure of Golgi compartments. We show that the prevacuole location of Btn1p is at the Golgi, because Btn1p colocalises predominantly with the Golgi marker Gms1p in compartments that are sensitive to Brefeldin A. Btn1p function might be linked to that of Vps34p, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, because Btn1p acts as a multicopy suppressor of the severe Cpy1p vacuole protein-sorting defect of vps34Delta cells. Together, these results indicate an important role for Btn1p in the Golgi complex, which affects Golgi homeostasis and vacuole protein sorting. We propose a similar role for CLN3 in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Codlin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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28
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Osório NS, Sampaio-Marques B, Chan CH, Oliveira P, Pearce DA, Sousa N, Rodrigues F. Neurodevelopmental delay in the Cln3Deltaex7/8 mouse model for Batten disease. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:337-45. [PMID: 19243453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), also known as Batten disease, is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder. The major clinical features of this disease are vision loss, seizures and progressive cognitive and motor decline starting in childhood. Mutations in CLN3 are known to cause the disease, allowing the generation of mouse models that are powerful tools for JNCL research. In this study, we applied behavioural phenotyping protocols to test for early behavioural alterations in Cln3(Deltaex7/8) knock-in mice, a genetic model that harbours the most common disease-causing CLN3 mutation. We found delayed acquisition of developmental milestones, including negative geotaxis, grasping, wire suspension time and postural reflex in both homozygous and heterozygous Cln3(Deltaex7/8) preweaning pups. To further investigate the consequences of this neurodevelopmental delay, we studied the behaviour of juvenile mice and found that homozygous and heterozygous Cln3(Deltaex7/8) knock-in mice also exhibit deficits in exploratory activity. Moreover, when analysing motor behaviour, we observed severe motor deficits in Cln3(Deltaex7/8) homozygous mice, but only a mild impairment in motor co-ordination and ambulatory gait in Cln3(Deltaex7/8) heterozygous animals. This study reveals previously overlooked behaviour deficits in neonate and young adult Cln3(Deltaex7/8) mice indicating neurodevelopmental delay as a putative novel component of JNCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Haines RL, Codlin S, Mole SE. The fission yeast model for the lysosomal storage disorder Batten disease predicts disease severity caused by mutations in CLN3. Dis Model Mech 2008; 2:84-92. [PMID: 19132115 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the CLN3 protein, which is mutated in patients with the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Batten disease, has remained elusive since it was identified 13 years ago. Here, we exploited the Schizosaccharomyces pombe model to gain new insights into CLN3 function. We modelled all missense mutations of CLN3 in the orthologous protein Btn1p, as well as a series of targeted mutations, and assessed trafficking and the ability of the mutant proteins to rescue four distinct phenotypes of btn1Delta cells. Mutating the C-terminal cysteine residues of Btn1p caused it to be internalised into the vacuole, providing further evidence that this protein functions from pre-vacuole compartments. Mutations in the lumenal regions of the multi-spanning membrane protein, especially in the third lumenal domain which contains a predicted amphipathic helix, had the most significant impact on Btn1p function, indicating that these domains of CLN3 are functionally important. Only one mutant protein was able to rescue the cell curving phenotype (p.Glu295Lys), and since this mutation is associated with a very protracted disease progression, this phenotype could be used to predict the disease severity of novel mutations in CLN3. The ability to predict disease phenotypes in S. pombe confirms this yeast as an invaluable tool to understanding Batten disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Haines
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
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Herrmann P, Druckrey-Fiskaaen C, Kouznetsova E, Heinitz K, Bigl M, Cotman SL, Schliebs R. Developmental impairments of select neurotransmitter systems in brains of Cln3(Deltaex7/8) knock-in mice, an animal model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:1857-70. [PMID: 18265413 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroidlipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders and are the most common lysosomal storage diseases of infancy and childhood. Juvenile NCL is caused by CLN3 mutation, producing retinal degeneration, uncontrollable seizures, cognitive and motor decline, and early death before the age of 30 years. To study the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, Cln3 knock-in mice (Cln3(Deltaex7/8)) have been generated, which reproduce the 1.02-kb deletion in the CLN3 gene observed in more than 85% of juvenile NCL patients. To characterize the impact of the common Cln3 mutation on development of autofluorescent storage material, gliosis, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and transmitter receptors during postnatal brain maturation, brain tissue of Cln3(Deltaex7/8) mice at the ages of 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 19 months was subjected to immunocytochemistry to label gliotic markers and nitric oxide synthases; photometric assays to assess enzyme activities of glycolysis and antioxidative defense systems; and level of reactive nitrogen species as well as quantitative receptor autoradiography to detect select cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic receptor subtypes. The developmental increase in cerebral cortical autofluorescent lipofuscin-like deposition is accompanied by a significant astro- and microgliosis, increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase, decreased level of glutathione peroxidase, enhanced amount of reactive nitrogen species, and lowered binding levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate- and M1-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in select brain regions but hardly in GABA(A) receptor sites compared with wild-type mice. Detailed elucidation of the sequence of pathological events during postnatal development highlights new potential strategies for symptomatic treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Herrmann
- Paul-Flechsig-Institut for Brain Research, Department of Neurochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Codlin S, Haines RL, Burden JJE, Mole SE. Btn1 affects cytokinesis and cell-wall deposition by independent mechanisms, one of which is linked to dysregulation of vacuole pH. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2860-70. [PMID: 18697832 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
btn1, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe orthologue of the human Batten-disease gene CLN3, is involved in vacuole pH homeostasis. We show that loss of btn1 also results in a defective cell wall marked by sensitivity to zymolyase, a beta-glucanase. The defect can be rescued by expression of Btn1p or CLN3, and the extent of the defect correlates with disease severity. The vacuole and cell-wall defects are linked by a common pH-dependent mechanism, because they are suppressed by growth in acidic pH and a similar glucan defect is also apparent in the V-type H(+) ATPase (v-ATPase) mutants vma1Delta and vma3Delta. Significantly, Btn1p acts as a multicopy suppressor of the cell-wall and other vacuole-related defects of these v-ATPase-null cells. In addition, Btn1p is required in a second, pH-independent, process that affects sites of polarised growth and of cell-wall deposition, particularly at the septum, causing cytokinesis problems under normal growth conditions and eventual cell lysis at 37 degrees C. Thus, Btn1p impacts two independent processes, which suggests that Batten disease is more than a pH-related lysosome disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Codlin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
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Novel interactions of CLN3 protein link Batten disease to dysregulation of fodrin-Na+, K+ ATPase complex. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:2895-905. [PMID: 18621045 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL, Batten disease) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. CLN3, the transmembrane protein underlying JNCL, is proposed to participate in multiple cellular events including membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal functions. We demonstrate here that CLN3 interacts with the plasma membrane-associated cytoskeletal and endocytic fodrin and the associated Na(+), K(+) ATPase. The ion pumping activity of Na(+), K(+) ATPase was unchanged in Cln3(-/-) mouse primary neurons. However, the immunostaining pattern of fodrin appeared abnormal in JNCL fibroblasts and Cln3(-/-) mouse brains suggesting disturbances in the fodrin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the basal subcellular distribution as well as ouabain-induced endocytosis of neuron-specific Na(+), K(+) ATPase were remarkably affected in Cln3(-/-) mouse primary neurons. These data suggest that CLN3 is involved in the regulation of plasma membrane fodrin cytoskeleton and consequently, the plasma membrane association of Na(+), K(+) ATPase. Most of the processes regulated by multifunctional fodrin and Na(+), K(+) ATPase are also affected in JNCL and Cln3-deficiency implicating that dysregulation of fodrin cytoskeleton and non-pumping functions of Na(+), K(+) ATPase may play a role in the neuronal degeneration in JNCL.
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Rusyn E, Mousallem T, Persaud-Sawin DA, Miller S, Boustany RMN. CLN3p impacts galactosylceramide transport, raft morphology, and lipid content. Pediatr Res 2008; 63:625-31. [PMID: 18317235 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31816fdc17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) belongs to the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses characterized by blindness/seizures/motor/cognitive decline and early death. JNCL is caused by CLN3 gene mutations that negatively modulate cell growth/apoptosis. CLN3 protein (CLN3p) localizes to Golgi/Rab4-/Rab11-positive endosomes and lipid rafts, and harbors a galactosylceramide (GalCer) lipid raft-binding domain. Goals are proving CLN3p participates in GalCer transport from Golgi to rafts, and GalCer deficits negatively affect cell growth/apoptosis. GalCer/mutant CLN3p are retained in Golgi, with CLN3p rescuing GalCer deficits in rafts. Diminishing GalCer in normal cells by GalCer synthase siRNA negatively affects cell growth/apoptosis. GalCer restores JNCL cell growth. WT CLN3p binds GalCer, but not mutant CLN3p. Sphingolipid content of rafts/Golgi is perturbed with diminished GalCer in rafts and accumulation in Golgi. CLN3-deficient raft vesicular structures are small by transmission electron microscopy, reflecting altered sphingolipid composition of rafts. CLN1/CLN2/CLN6 proteins bind to lysophosphatidic acid/sulfatide, CLN6/CLN8 proteins to GalCer, and CLN8 protein to ceramide. Sphingolipid composition/morphology of CLN1-/CLN2-/CLN6-/CLN8- and CLN9-deficient rafts are altered suggesting changes in raft structure/lipid stoichiometry could be common themes underlying these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rusyn
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Codlin S, Haines RL, Mole SE. btn1 affects endocytosis, polarization of sterol-rich membrane domains and polarized growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Traffic 2008; 9:936-50. [PMID: 18346214 PMCID: PMC2440566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
btn1, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe orthologue of the human Batten disease gene CLN3, exerts multiple cellular effects. As well as a role in vacuole pH homoeostasis, we now show that Btn1p is essential for growth at high temperatures. Its absence results in progressive defects at 37°C that culminate in total depolarized growth and cell lysis. These defects are preceded by a progressive failure to correctly polarize sterol-rich domains after cytokinesis and are accompanied by loss of Myo1p localization. Furthermore, we found that in Sz. pombe, sterol spreading is linked to defective formation/polarization of F-actin patches and disruption of endocytosis and that these processes are aberrant in btn1Δ cells. Consistent with a role for Btn1p in polarized growth, Btn1p has an altered location at 37°C and is retained in actin-dependent endomembrane structures near the cell poles or septum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Codlin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, MC 9073, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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