1
|
Gao L, Wang W, Li H, Li H, Yang Y, Zheng H, Tao J. Anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry flesh is associated with an alternative splicing variant of VvMYBA1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:1-13. [PMID: 36584628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoids that contribute to the color of grape berries and are an essential component of grape berry and wine quality. Anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries is dependent on the coordinated expression of genes encoding enzymes in the anthocyanin pathway that are principally regulated at the transcriptional level, with VvMYBA1 as the main transcriptional regulator in grapes. Alternative splicing (AS) events in VvMYBA1, however, have not been examined. In the present study, VvMYBA1-L, an AS variant of VvMYBA1, was identified in 'ZhongShan-Hong' (ZS-H) and its offspring. The AS variant is characterized by a deletion in the third exon of the open reading frame (ORF) of VvMYBA1-L, resulting in the early termination of the encoded protein. Overexpression of VvMYBA1-L in grape berries resulted in delayed flesh coloration and ectopic overexpression of VvMYBA1-L in tobacco inhibited the coloration of petals. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays revealed that VvMYBA1-L interacts with VvMYBA1. Dual luciferase assays indicated that co-infiltration of VvMYC1 and VvMYBA1 significantly activated the promoter regulated expression of VvCHS3, VvDFR, VvUFGT, and VvF3H. In the presence of VvMYBA1-L, however, the induction effect of VvMYBA1 on the indicated promoters was significantly inhibited. Our findings provide insight into the essential role of VvMYBA1 and its variant, VvMYBA1-L, in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry flesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Haoran Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Huan Zheng
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Tao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Im JH, Son S, Ko JH, Kim KH, An CS, Han KH. Nuclear Translocation of Soybean MPK6, GmMPK6, Is Mediated by Hydrogen Peroxide in Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122611. [PMID: 34961082 PMCID: PMC8704742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascade, a highly conserved signal transduction system in eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in the plant's response to environmental stimuli and phytohormones. It is well-known that nuclear translocation of MPKs is necessary for their activities in mammalian cells. However, the mechanism underlying nuclear translocation of plant MPKs is not well elucidated. In the previous study, it has been shown that soybean MPK6 (GmMPK6) is activated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are two signaling molecules generated during salt stress. Using the two signaling molecules, we investigated how salt stress triggers its translocation to the nucleus. Our results show that the translocation of GmMPK6 to the nucleus is mediated by H2O2, but not by PA. Furthermore, the translocation was interrupted by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) (an inhibitor of RBOH), confirming that H2O2 is the signaling molecule for the nuclear translocation of GmMPK6 during salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Seungmin Son
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Chung Sun An
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo B, Dai Y, Chen L, Pan Z, Song L. Genome-wide analysis of the soybean root transcriptome reveals the impact of nitrate on alternative splicing. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab162. [PMID: 33972998 PMCID: PMC8495941 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In plants, nitrate acts not only as a signaling molecule that affects plant development but also as a nutrient. The development of plant roots, which directly absorb nutrients, is greatly affected by nitrate supply. Alternative gene splicing plays a crucial role in the plant stress response by increasing transcriptome diversity. The effects of nitrate supply on alternative splicing (AS), however, have not been investigated in soybean roots. We used high-quality high-throughput RNA-sequencing data to investigate genome-wide AS events in soybean roots in response to various levels of nitrate supply. In total, we identified 355 nitrate-responsive AS events between optimal and high nitrate levels (NH), 335 nitrate-responsive AS events between optimal and low nitrate levels (NL), and 588 nitrate-responsive AS events between low and high nitrate levels (NLH). RI and A3SS were the most common AS types; in particular, they accounted for 67% of all AS events under all conditions. This increased complex and diversity of AS events regulation might be associated with the soybean response to nitrate. Functional ontology enrichment analysis suggested that the differentially splicing genes were associated with several pathways, including spliceosome, base excision repair, mRNA surveillance pathway and so on. Finally, we validated several AS events using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to confirm our RNA-seq results. In summary, we characterized the features and patterns of genome-wide AS in the soybean root exposed to different nitrate levels, and our results revealed that AS is an important mechanism of nitrate-response regulation in the soybean root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center of Life Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhenzhi Pan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ganie SA, Reddy ASN. Stress-Induced Changes in Alternative Splicing Landscape in Rice: Functional Significance of Splice Isoforms in Stress Tolerance. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:309. [PMID: 33917813 PMCID: PMC8068108 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in yield and quality of rice are crucial for global food security. However, global rice production is substantially hindered by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Making further improvements in rice yield is a major challenge to the rice research community, which can be accomplished through developing abiotic stress-resilient rice varieties and engineering durable agrochemical-independent pathogen resistance in high-yielding elite rice varieties. This, in turn, needs increased understanding of the mechanisms by which stresses affect rice growth and development. Alternative splicing (AS), a post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism, allows rapid changes in the transcriptome and can generate novel regulatory mechanisms to confer plasticity to plant growth and development. Mounting evidence indicates that AS has a prominent role in regulating rice growth and development under stress conditions. Several regulatory and structural genes and splicing factors of rice undergo different types of stress-induced AS events, and the functional significance of some of them in stress tolerance has been defined. Both rice and its pathogens use this complex regulatory mechanism to devise strategies against each other. This review covers the current understanding and evidence for the involvement of AS in biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes, and its relevance to rice growth and development. Furthermore, we discuss implications of AS for the virulence of different rice pathogens and highlight the areas of further research and potential future avenues to develop climate-smart and disease-resistant rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anireddy S. N. Reddy
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Dugé de Bernonville T, Sepúlveda LJ, Mosquera A, Bomzan DP, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Besseau S, Lemos Cruz P, Kulagina N, Stander EA, Eymieux S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Blanchard E, Clastre M, Atehortùa L, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Papon N, Nagegowda DA, O’Connor SE, Courdavault V. Alternative splicing creates a pseudo-strictosidine β-d-glucosidase modulating alkaloid synthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:836-856. [PMID: 33793899 PMCID: PMC8133614 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Deglycosylation is a key step in the activation of specialized metabolites involved in plant defense mechanisms. This reaction is notably catalyzed by β-glucosidases of the glycosyl hydrolase 1 (GH1) family such as strictosidine β-d-glucosidase (SGD) from Catharanthus roseus. SGD catalyzes the deglycosylation of strictosidine, forming a highly reactive aglycone involved in the synthesis of cytotoxic monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) and in the crosslinking of aggressor proteins. By exploring C. roseus transcriptomic resources, we identified an alternative splicing event of the SGD gene leading to the formation of a shorter isoform of this enzyme (shSGD) that lacks the last 71-residues and whose transcript ratio with SGD ranges from 1.7% up to 42.8%, depending on organs and conditions. Whereas it completely lacks β-glucosidase activity, shSGD interacts with SGD and causes the disruption of SGD multimers. Such disorganization drastically inhibits SGD activity and impacts downstream MIA synthesis. In addition, shSGD disrupts the metabolic channeling of downstream biosynthetic steps by hampering the recruitment of tetrahydroalstonine synthase in cell nuclei. shSGD thus corresponds to a pseudo-enzyme acting as a regulator of MIA biosynthesis. These data shed light on a peculiar control mechanism of β-glucosidase multimerization, an organization common to many defensive GH1 members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Liuda Johana Sepúlveda
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, 50010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Angela Mosquera
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, 50010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emily A Stander
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Eymieux
- INSERM U1259, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- INSERM U1259, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- INSERM U1259, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tours, 37170 Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, 50010 Medellin, Colombia
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Papon
- EA3142 “Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène,” Université d’Angers, 49035 Angers, France
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Sarah E O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales,” Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zuluaga AP, Bidzinski P, Chanclud E, Ducasse A, Cayrol B, Gomez Selvaraj M, Ishitani M, Jauneau A, Deslandes L, Kroj T, Michel C, Szurek B, Koebnik R, Morel JB. The Rice DNA-Binding Protein ZBED Controls Stress Regulators and Maintains Disease Resistance After a Mild Drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1265. [PMID: 33013945 PMCID: PMC7461821 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying new sources of disease resistance and the corresponding underlying resistance mechanisms remains very challenging, particularly in Monocots. Moreover, the modification of most disease resistance pathways made so far is detrimental to tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought. This is largely due to negative cross-talks between disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance signaling pathways. We have previously described the role of the rice ZBED protein containing three Zn-finger BED domains in disease resistance against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The molecular and biological functions of such BED domains in plant proteins remain elusive. RESULTS Using Nicotiana benthamiana as a heterologous system, we show that ZBED localizes in the nucleus, binds DNA, and triggers basal immunity. These activities require conserved cysteine residues of the Zn-finger BED domains that are involved in DNA binding. Interestingly, ZBED overexpressor rice lines show increased drought tolerance. More importantly, the disease resistance response conferred by ZBED is not compromised by drought-induced stress. CONCLUSIONS Together our data indicate that ZBED might represent a new type of transcriptional regulator playing simultaneously a positive role in both disease resistance and drought tolerance. We demonstrate that it is possible to provide disease resistance and drought resistance simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Paola Zuluaga
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Emilie Chanclud
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurelie Ducasse
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bastien Cayrol
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Alain Jauneau
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Plateforme Imagerie TRI-Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Thomas Kroj
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Michel
- BGPI, INRA, CIRAD, SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Szurek
- UMR Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-Environnement (IPME), IRD-Cirad-Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Ralf Koebnik
- UMR Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-Environnement (IPME), IRD-Cirad-Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang Z, Cao X, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Qiao D, Xu H, Cao Y. Two splice variants of the DsMEK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) are involved in salt stress regulation in Dunaliella salina in different ways. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:147. [PMID: 32843896 PMCID: PMC7439689 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dunaliella salina can produce glycerol under salt stress, and this production can quickly adapt to changes in external salt concentration. Notably, glycerol is an ideal energy source. In recent years, it has been reported that the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade pathway plays an important role in regulating salt stress, and in Dunaliella tertiolecta DtMAPK can regulate glycerol synthesis under salt stress. Therefore, it is highly important to study the relationship between the MAPK cascade pathway and salt stress in D. salina and modify it to increase the production of glycerol. RESULTS In our study, we identified and analysed the alternative splicing of DsMEK1 (DsMEK1-X1, DsMEK1-X2) from the unicellular green alga D. salina. DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 were both localized in the cytoplasm. qRT-PCR assays showed that DsMEK1-X2 was induced by salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X2 revealed a higher increase rate of glycerol production compared to the control and DsMEK1-X1-oe under salt stress. Under salt stress, the expression of DsGPDH2/3/5/6 increased in DsMEK1-X2-oe strains compared to the control. This finding indicated that DsMEK1-X2 was involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and glycerol overexpression under salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X1 increased the proline content and reduced the MDA content under salt stress, and DsMEK1-X1 was able to regulate oxidative stress; thus, we hypothesized that DsMEK1-X1 could reduce oxidative damage under salt stress. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that DsMEK1-X2 could interact with DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17 and DsMAPK1; however, DsMEK1-X1 interacted with neither upstream MAPKKK nor downstream MAPK. DsMEK1-X2-oe transgenic lines increased the expression of DsMAPKKK1/3/10/17 and DsMAPK1, and DsMEK1-X2-RNAi lines decreased the expression of DsMAPKKK2/10/17. DsMEK1-X1-oe transgenic lines did not exhibit increased gene expression, except for DsMAPKKK9. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 can respond to salt stress by two different pathways. The DsMEK1-X1 response to salt stress reduces oxidative damage; however, the DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17-DsMEK1-X2-DsMAPK1 cascade is involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and thus glycerol synthesis under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Tang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Dairong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brew-Appiah RAT, York ZB, Krishnan V, Roalson EH, Sanguinet KA. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE gene family in diploid and hexaploid wheat. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201439. [PMID: 30074999 PMCID: PMC6075773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of wheat responses to environmental stress will contribute to the long-term goal of feeding the planet. ALERNATIVE OXIDASE (AOX) genes encode proteins involved in a bypass of the electron transport chain and are also known to be involved in stress tolerance in multiple species. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the AOX gene family in diploid and hexaploid wheat. Four genes each were found in the diploid ancestors Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii, and three in Aegilops speltoides. In hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), 20 genes were identified, some with multiple splice variants, corresponding to a total of 24 proteins for those with observed transcription and translation. These proteins were classified as AOX1a, AOX1c, AOX1e or AOX1d via phylogenetic analysis. Proteins lacking most or all signature AOX motifs were assigned to putative regulatory roles. Analysis of protein-targeting sequences suggests mixed localization to the mitochondria and other organelles. In comparison to the most studied AOX from Trypanosoma brucei, there were amino acid substitutions at critical functional domains indicating possible role divergence in wheat or grasses in general. In hexaploid wheat, AOX genes were expressed at specific developmental stages as well as in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses such as fungal pathogens, heat and drought. These AOX expression patterns suggest a highly regulated and diverse transcription and expression system. The insights gained provide a framework for the continued and expanded study of AOX genes in wheat for stress tolerance through breeding new varieties, as well as resistance to AOX-targeted herbicides, all of which can ultimately be used synergistically to improve crop yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda A. T. Brew-Appiah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zara B. York
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vandhana Krishnan
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States of America
| | - Eric H. Roalson
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Karen A. Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bigeard J, Hirt H. Nuclear Signaling of Plant MAPKs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:469. [PMID: 29696029 PMCID: PMC5905223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are conserved protein kinases in eukaryotes that establish signaling modules where MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) activate MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) which in turn activate MAPKs. In plants, they are involved in the signaling of multiple environmental stresses and developmental programs. MAPKs phosphorylate their substrates and this post-translational modification (PTM) contributes to the regulation of proteins. PTMs may indeed modify the activity, subcellular localization, stability or trans-interactions of modified proteins. Plant MAPKs usually localize to the cytosol and/or nucleus, and in some instances they may also translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus. Upon the detection of environmental changes at the cell surface, MAPKs participate in the signal transduction to the nucleus, allowing an adequate transcriptional reprogramming. The identification of plant MAPK substrates largely contributed to a better understanding of the underlying signaling mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the nuclear signaling of plant MAPKs. We discuss the activation, regulation and activity of plant MAPKs, as well as their nuclear re-localization. We also describe and discuss known nuclear substrates of plant MAPKs in the context of biotic stress, abiotic stress and development and consider future research directions in the field of plant MAPKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Heribert Hirt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao X, Tang Z, Li X, Hong Y, Li B, Xiao W, Gao Z, Lin D, Li C, Luo L, Niu X, He C, Chen Y. Overexpressing OsMAPK12-1 inhibits plant growth and enhances resistance to bacterial disease in rice. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:694-704. [PMID: 32480599 DOI: 10.1071/fp16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant growth and development, plant abiotic stresses signalling pathway and plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of MAPKs in modulating plant growth and pathogen resistance. In this study, we found that OsMAPK12-1, an alternatively spliced form of BWMK1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.), was induced by various elicitors, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin and bacterial pathogens. To further investigate the involvement of OsMAPK12-1 in plant growth and stress responses to bacterial pathogens, we constructed OsMAPK12-1 overexpression and knockdown (RNAi) transgenic rice lines. Interestingly, overexpressing OsMAP12-1 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, the OsMAP12-1-overexpression lines displayed enhanced disease resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99 and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola RS105, whereas the OsMAPK12-1-RNAi lines were more susceptible to these pathogens than wild type. These results suggest that OsMAPK12-1 plays a negative role in plant growth and positively modulates disease resistance against bacterial blight and streak in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiuqiong Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yuhui Hong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Boling Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Wenfang Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Daozhe Lin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang S, Xu R, Luo X, Jiang Z, Shu H. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of MAPK and MAPKK gene family in Malus domestica. Gene 2013; 531:377-87. [PMID: 23939467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MAPK signal transduction modules play crucial roles in regulating many biological processes in plants, which are composed of three classes of hierarchically organized protein kinases, namely MAPKKKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKs. Although genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out in some species, little is known about MAPK and MAPKK genes in apple (Malus domestica). In this study, a total of 26 putative apple MAPK genes (MdMPKs) and 9 putative apple MAPKK genes (MdMKKs) have been identified and located within the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MdMAPKs and MdMAPKKs could be divided into 4 subfamilies (groups A, B, C and D), respectively. The predicted MdMAPKs and MdMAPKKs were distributed across 13 out of 17 chromosomes with different densities. In addition, analysis of exon-intron junctions and of intron phase inside the predicted coding region of each candidate gene has revealed high levels of conservation within and between phylogenetic groups. According to the microarray and expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis, the different expression patterns indicate that they may play different roles during fruit development and rootstock-scion interaction process. Moreover, MAPK and MAPKK genes were performed expression profile analyses in different tissues (root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit), and all of the selected genes were expressed in at least one of the tissues tested, indicating that the MAPKs and MAPKKs are involved in various aspects of physiological and developmental processes of apple. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a genome-wide analysis of the apple MAPK and MAPKK gene family. This study provides valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the MAPK signal in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zhang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Almeida T, Menéndez E, Capote T, Ribeiro T, Santos C, Gonçalves S. Molecular characterization of Quercus suber MYB1, a transcription factor up-regulated in cork tissues. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:172-8. [PMID: 23218545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular processes associated with cork development in Quercus suber L. are poorly understood. A previous molecular approach identified a list of genes potentially important for cork formation and differentiation, providing a new basis for further molecular studies. This report is the first molecular characterization of one of these candidate genes, QsMYB1, coding for an R2R3-MYB transcription factor. The R2R3-MYB gene sub-family has been described as being involved in the phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways, both involved in cork biosynthesis. The results showed that the expression of QsMYB1 is putatively mediated by an alternative splicing (AS) mechanism that originates two different transcripts (QsMYB1.1 and QsMYB1.2), differing only in the 5'-untranslated region, due to retention of the first intron in one of the variants. Moreover, within the retained intron, a simple sequence repeat (SSR) was identified. The upstream regulatory region of QsMYB1 was extended by a genome walking approach, which allowed the identification of the putative gene promoter region. The relative expression pattern of QsMYB1 transcripts determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that both transcripts were up-regulated in cork tissues; the detected expression was several times higher in newly formed cork harvested from trees producing virgin, second or reproduction cork when compared with wood. Moreover, the expression analysis of QsMYB1 in several Q. suber organs showed very low expression in young branches and roots, whereas in leaves, immature acorns or male flowers, no expression was detected. These preliminary results suggest that QsMYB1 may be related to secondary growth and, in particular, with the cork biosynthesis process with a possible alternative splicing mechanism associated with its regulatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Almeida
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Baixo Alentejo e Litoral (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
The role of canonical and noncanonical pre-mRNA splicing in plant stress responses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:264314. [PMID: 23509698 PMCID: PMC3591102 DOI: 10.1155/2013/264314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms capable of adapting to various environmental constraints, such as high or low temperatures, drought, soil salinity, or pathogen attack. To survive the unfavorable conditions, plants actively employ pre-mRNA splicing as a mechanism to regulate expression of stress-responsive genes and reprogram intracellular regulatory networks. There is a growing evidence that various stresses strongly affect the frequency and diversity of alternative splicing events in the stress-responsive genes and lead to an increased accumulation of mRNAs containing premature stop codons, which in turn have an impact on plant stress response. A number of studies revealed that some mRNAs involved in plant stress response are spliced counter to the traditional conception of alternative splicing. Such noncanonical mRNA splicing events include trans-splicing, intraexonic deletions, or variations affecting multiple exons and often require short direct repeats to occur. The noncanonical alternative splicing, along with common splicing events, targets the spliced transcripts to degradation through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or leads to translation of truncated proteins. Investigation of the diversity, biological consequences, and mechanisms of the canonical and noncanonical alternative splicing events will help one to identify those transcripts which are promising for using in genetic engineering and selection of stress-tolerant plants.
Collapse
|
14
|
Carvalho SD, Saraiva R, Maia TM, Abreu IA, Duque P. XBAT35, a novel Arabidopsis RING E3 ligase exhibiting dual targeting of its splice isoforms, is involved in ethylene-mediated regulation of apical hook curvature. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:1295-309. [PMID: 22628544 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis XBAT35 is one of five structurally related ankyrin repeat-containing Really Interesting New Gene (RING) E3 ligases involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, which plays key roles in a wide range of cellular processes. Here, we show that the XBAT35 gene undergoes alternative splicing, generating two transcripts that are constitutively expressed in all plant tissues. The two splice variants derive from an exon skipping event that excludes an in-frame segment from the XBAT35 precursor mRNA, giving rise to two protein isoforms that differ solely in the presence of a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Transient expression assays indicate that the isoform lacking the NLS localizes in the cytoplasm of plant cells, whereas the other is targeted to the nucleus, accumulating in nuclear speckles. Both isoforms are functional E3 ligases, as assessed by in vitro ubiquitination assays. Two insertion mutant alleles and RNA-interference (RNAi) silencing lines for XBAT35 display no evident phenotypes under normal growth conditions, but exhibit hypersensitivity to the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) during apical hook exaggeration in the dark, which is rescued by an inhibitor of ethylene perception. Independent expression of each XBAT35 splice variant in the mutant background indicates that the two isoforms may differentially contribute to apical hook formation but are both functional in this ethylene-mediated response. Thus, XBAT35 defines a novel player in ethylene signaling involved in negatively regulating apical hook curvature, with alternative splicing controlling dual targeting of this E3 ubiquitin ligase to the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia D Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mastrangelo AM, Marone D, Laidò G, De Leonardis AM, De Vita P. Alternative splicing: enhancing ability to cope with stress via transcriptome plasticity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 185-186:40-9. [PMID: 22325865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a mechanism for the regulation of gene expression that is widespread in higher eukaryotes. Genome-wide approaches, based on comparison of expressed and genomic sequences, on tiling arrays, and on next-generation sequencing, have provided growing knowledge of the extent, distribution and association of alternative splicing with stress-related genes in plants. The functional meaning of alternative splicing in response to stress has been defined for many genes, and in particular for those involved in the regulation of the stress responses, such as protein kinases, transcription factors, splicing regulators and pathogen-resistance genes. The production of proteins with diverse domain rearrangements from the same gene is the main alternative splicing mechanism for pathogen-resistance genes. The plant response to abiotic stress is also characterized by a second mechanism, which consists of the expression of alternative transcripts that are targeted to nonsense-mediated decay. These quantitatively regulate stress-related gene expression. Many alternative splicing events are well conserved among plant species, and also across kingdoms, especially those observed in response to stress, for genes encoding splicing regulators, and other classes of RNA-binding proteins. Nevertheless, non-conserved events indicate that alternative splicing represents an evolutionary strategy that rapidly increases genome plasticity and develops new gene functions, along with other mechanisms such as gene duplication. Finally, the study of the naturally occurring variability of alternative splicing and the identification of genomic regions involved in the regulation of alternative splicing in crops are proposed as strategies for selecting genotypes with superior performance under adverse environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Delteil A, Blein M, Faivre-Rampant O, Guellim A, Estevan J, Hirsch J, Bevitori R, Michel C, Morel JB. Building a mutant resource for the study of disease resistance in rice reveals the pivotal role of several genes involved in defence. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:72-82. [PMID: 21726398 PMCID: PMC6638870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, gene expression studies and analysis of knock-out (KO) mutants have been instrumental in building an integrated view of disease resistance pathways. Such an integrated view is missing in rice where shared tools, including genes and mutants, must be assembled. This work provides a tool kit consisting of informative genes for the molecular characterization of the interaction of rice with the major fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. It also provides for a set of eight KO mutants, all in the same genotypic background, in genes involved in key steps of the rice disease resistance pathway. This study demonstrates the involvement of three genes, OsWRKY28, rTGA2.1 and NH1, in the establishment of full basal resistance to rice blast. The transcription factor OsWRKY28 acts as a negative regulator of basal resistance, like the orthologous barley gene. Finally, the up-regulation of the negative regulator OsWRKY28 and the down-regulation of PR gene expression early during M. oryzae infection suggest that the fungus possesses infection mechanisms that enable it to block host defences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Delteil
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/SupAgro, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A 54/K, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shi J, Zhang L, An H, Wu C, Guo X. GhMPK16, a novel stress-responsive group D MAPK gene from cotton, is involved in disease resistance and drought sensitivity. BMC Mol Biol 2011; 12:22. [PMID: 21575189 PMCID: PMC3117701 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses. In plants, MAPKs are classified into four major groups (A-D) according to their sequence homology and conserved phosphorylation motifs. Members of group A and B have been extensively characterized, but little information on the group D MAPKs has been reported. Results In this study, we isolated and characterised GhMPK16, the first group D MAPK gene found in cotton. Southern blot analysis suggests GhMPK16 is single copy in the cotton genome, and RNA blot analysis indicates that GhMPK16 transcripts accumulate following pathogen infection and treatment with multiple defense-related signal molecules. The analysis of the promoter region of GhMPK16 revealed a group of putative cis-acting elements related to stress responses. Subcellular localization analysis suggests that GhMPK16 acts in the nucleus. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GhMPK16 displayed significant resistance to fungi (Colletotrichum nicotianae and Alternaria alternata) and bacteria (Pseudomonas solanacearum) pathogen, and the transcripts of pathogen-related (PR) genes were more rapidly and strongly induced in the transgenic plants. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis showed reduced drought tolerance and rapid H2O2 accumulation. Conclusion These results suggest that GhMPK16 might be involved in multiple signal transduction pathways, including biotic and abiotic stress signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Overexpression of maize mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, ZmSIMK1 in Arabidopsis increases tolerance to salt stress. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:4067-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
19
|
Koo SC, Choi MS, Chun HJ, Park HC, Kang CH, Shim SI, Chung JI, Cheong YH, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Chung WS, Cho MJ, Kim MC. Identification and characterization of alternative promoters of the rice MAP kinase gene OsBWMK1. Mol Cells 2009; 27:467-73. [PMID: 19390828 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study suggested that OsBWMK1, a gene which encodes a member of the rice MAP kinase family, generates transcript variants which show distinct expression patterns in response to environmental stresses. The transcript variants are generated by alternative splicing and by use of alternative promoters. To test whether the two alternative promoters, pOsBWMK1L (promoter for the OsBWMK1L splice variant) and pOsBWMK1S (promoter for the OsBWMK1S splice variant), are biologically functional, we analyzed transgenic plants expressing GUS fusion constructs for each promoter. Both pOsBWMK1L and pOsBWMK1S are biologically active, although the activity of pOsBWMK1S is lower than that of pOsBWMK1L. Histochemical analysis revealed that pOsBWMK1L is constitutively active in most tissues at various developmental stages in rice and Arabidopsis, whereas pOsBWMK1S activity is spatially and temporally restricted. Furthermore, the expression of pOsBWMK1S::GUS was upregulated in response to hydrogen peroxide, a plant defense signaling molecule, in both plant species. These results suggest that the differential expression of OsBWMK1 splice variants is the result of alternative promoter usage and, moreover, that the mechanisms controlling OsBWMK1 gene expression are conserved in both monocot and dicot plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Cheol Koo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|