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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Lushchak O. Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:447. [PMID: 31998711 PMCID: PMC6965023 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is known to be associated with heightened oxidative stress and related systemic inflammation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation is regarded as a promising strategy to combat aging and associated pathological conditions. Food-grade antioxidants from plant-derived extracts are the most common ingredients of these supplements. Phyto-bioactive compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin are among the most commonly applied natural compounds used as potential modulators of the free radical-induced cellular damages. The therapeutic potential of these compounds is, however, restricted by their low bioavailability related to poor solubility, stability, and absorbance in gastrointestinal tract. Recently, novel nanotechnology-based systems were developed for therapeutic delivery of natural antioxidants with improved bioavailability and, consequently, efficacy in clinical practice. Such systems have provided many benefits in preclinical research over the conventional preparations, including superior solubility and stability, extended half-life, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and minimized side effects. The present review summarizes recent developments in nanodelivery of natural antioxidants and its application to combat pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Zayachkivska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Enhancing bio-recovery of bioactive compounds extracted from Citrus medica L. Var. sarcodactylis: optimization performance of integrated of pulsed-ultrasonic/microwave technique. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [PMCID: PMC7149043 DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study mainly aimed to optimize a sustainable and green process for extracting bioactive compounds from Foshou fruit by using an integrated technique based on ultrasonic-microwave assisted extraction (UMAE). Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design was applied to determine optimal conditions. The following optimized UMAE processing parameters were obtained: sonication time (96.13 s), microwave power (305.28 W), and solid/solvent ratio (1:37). Based on a total phenolic compound extraction yield of 9.21 mg gallic acid (GA) equ/g dry weight (DW), a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 27.52 μg GA equ, and an antioxidant capacity detected by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay of 8.79 mg trolox equ/g DW. The optimized UMAE extract was superior to those obtained using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) or conventional solvent extraction (CSE) methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the three extraction methods affected the sample tissue microstructure. Among them, UMAE caused the most marked structural disruption. UPLC-PDA-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified 67 phenolic compounds in the optimized UMAE extract of the Foshou fruit extract. This study indicated that the integrated UMAE technique is a suitable and safe technique to enhance the qualitative and quantitative extraction of phenolic compounds from Foshou fruit. These phenolic compounds can be used as a functional food ingredient in industrial production. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Shen L, Ji HF. Is antioxidant supplement beneficial? New avenue to explore. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization, and bio-activity evaluation of thiourea derivatives of epinephrine as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents: molecular docking studies. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gandhi J, Dagur G, Sheynkin YR, Smith NL, Khan SA. Testicular compartment syndrome: an overview of pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management. Transl Androl Urol 2016; 5:927-934. [PMID: 28078225 PMCID: PMC5182235 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular compartment syndrome (TCS) refers to the impairment of microcirculation in the testicle due to either increased venous resistance or extraluminal compression, which leads to hypoxia. TCS releases oxidants through hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management of TCS are reviewed. Based on the properties of TCS, specific causes, e.g., varicocele, hydrocele, orchitis, cryptorchidism, and scrotal hernia, are suggested and categorized. The oxidant-induced stress from TCS may explain the correlations between these causes and infertility. A chief shortcoming of current imaging modalities is that they detect TCS late after it has progressed to impair the macrocirculation of the testicle. We propose frequent sequential periodic power Doppler ultrasonography to monitoring for earlier detection. Intraoperatively, TCS can be diagnosed by the dull purple appearance of a hypoxic testicle and by tissue pressures above 30 mmHg. When compartment pressure is low, the underlying etiology must be promptly treated. During acute presentation, an incision of the resilient tunica albuginea may be necessary. A great challenge of treating TCS is restoring microcirculation while minimizing IRI; concomitant antioxidant therapy secondary to treatment may be effective and harmless at the least. Because testicular oxidant stress is common in infertility and since TCS can cause such a stress, TCS may be a larger factor in infertility than currently suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gautam Dagur
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yefim R Sheynkin
- Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA;; Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Jahandideh F, Chakrabarti S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Antioxidant Peptides Identified from Ovotransferrin by the ORAC Method Did Not Show Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities in Endothelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:113-119. [PMID: 26670793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) is a widely used method of measuring antioxidant capacities of various antioxidant components. Surprisingly, 16 antioxidant peptides previously identified from egg protein ovotransferrin using the ORAC method did not show any anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in cells. After simulated gastro-intestinal digestion (GID), several peptide digests significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced pro-inflammatory intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by 65.7 ± 10.4% and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by 53.5 ± 9.6% to 61.0 ± 14.5%, but only GWNI reduced TNF-α-activated superoxide generation by 71.0 ± 12.9% when tested with dihydroethidium (DHE) assay. Mass spectrometer analysis identified two new peptides, GWN and GW, in the GWNI digest; however, only GW reduced TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression (64.3 ± 20.6%) significantly compared to the TNF-α treated cells. Our study suggested that ORAC lacked biological relevance in assessing bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, §Department of Physiology, ∥Cardiovascular Research Centre and ⊥Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, §Department of Physiology, ∥Cardiovascular Research Centre and ⊥Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, §Department of Physiology, ∥Cardiovascular Research Centre and ⊥Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, §Department of Physiology, ∥Cardiovascular Research Centre and ⊥Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Kaur Kala H, Mehta R, Tandey R, Sen KK, Mandal V. Ten years of research on phenolics (2005–2015): A status report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psra.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Praveena R, Sadasivam K, Deepha V, Sivakumar R. Antioxidant potential of orientin: A combined experimental and DFT approach. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Praveena R, Sadasivam K, Kumaresan R, Deepha V, Sivakumar R. Experimental and DFT studies on the antioxidant activity of a C-glycoside from Rhynchosia capitata. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 103:442-452. [PMID: 23246319 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchosia capitata (=Glycine capitata) Heyne ex roth, was found to possess polyphenolics including flavonoids, which acts as potential antioxidant. The study of ethanolic extract of roots and leaves reveals that the leaves possess high polyphenolics including flavonoids than roots. This was also confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Leaf powder of the plant was extracted with different solvents by soxhlet apparatus in the order of increasing polarity. The DPPH scavenging activity of methanol fraction was found to be high compared to the crude extract and other fractions. Nitric oxide scavenging activity was dominant in chloroform fraction compared to methanol fraction. Presence of flavonoids especially vitexin, a C-glycoside in methanol and chloroform fractions were confirmed by high pressure thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. The structural and molecular characteristics of naturally occurring flavonoid, vitexin was investigated in gas phase using density functional theory (DFT) approach with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. Analysis of bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) reveals that the OH site that requires minimum energy for dissociation is 4'-OH from B-ring. To explore the radical scavenging activity of vitexin, the adiabatic ionization potential, electron affinity, hardness, softness, electronegativity and electrophilic index properties were computed and interpreted. The nonvalidity of Koopman's theorem has been verified by the computation of Eo and Ev energy magnitudes. Interestingly, from BDE calculations it was observed that BDE for 4'-OH, 5-OH and 7-OH are comparatively low for vitexin than its aglycone apigenin and this may be due to the presence of C-8 glucoside in vitexin. To substantiate this, plot of frontier molecular orbital and spin density distribution analysis for neutral and the corresponding radical species for the compound vitexin have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Praveena
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology (Autonomous), Sathyamangalam, Erode 638 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Visioli F, De La Lastra CA, Andres-Lacueva C, Aviram M, Calhau C, Cassano A, D'Archivio M, Faria A, Favé G, Fogliano V, Llorach R, Vitaglione P, Zoratti M, Edeas M. Polyphenols and human health: a prospectus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 51:524-46. [PMID: 21929330 DOI: 10.1080/10408391003698677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lay press often heralds polyphenols as panacea for all sorts of diseases. The rationale is that their antioxidant activity would prevent free radical damage to macromolecules. However, basic and clinical science is showing that the reality is much more complex than this and that several issues, notably content in foodstuff, bioavailability, or in vivo antioxidant activity are yet to be resolved. We summarize the recent findings concerning the effects of polyphenols on human health, analyze the current limitations at pitfalls, and propose future directions for research.
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Ouédraogo M, Charles C, Ouédraogo M, Guissou IP, Stévigny C, Duez P. An Overview of Cancer Chemopreventive Potential and Safety of Proanthocyanidins. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1163-73. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.607549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Bala A, Haldar PK, Kar B, Naskar S, Mazumder UK. Carbon tetrachloride: A hepatotoxin causes oxidative stress in murine peritoneal macrophage and peripheral blood lymphocyte cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:157-62. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.590498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Marković ZS, Dimitrić Marković JM, Milenković D, Filipović N. Mechanistic study of the structure-activity relationship for the free radical scavenging activity of baicalein. J Mol Model 2011; 17:2575-84. [PMID: 21229369 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of baicalein. The conformational behaviors of both the isolated and the aqueous-solvated species (simulated with the conductor-like polarizable continuum solvation model) were analyzed at the M052X/6-311 + G(d,p) level. The most stable tautomers of various forms of baicalein displayed three IHBs between O4 and OH5, O5 and OH6, and O6 and OH7. The most stable tautomer of the baicalein radical was obtained by dehydrogenating the hydroxyl at C6, while the most stable anion tautomer was obtained by deprotonating the C7 hydroxyl in gaseous and aqueous phases. The expected antioxidant activity of baicalein was explained by its ionization potentials (IPs) and homolytic O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), which were obtained via the UM052X optimization level of the corresponding radical species. Heterolytic O-H bond cleavages (proton dissociation enthalpies, PDEs) were also computed. The calculated IP, BDE, and PDE values suggested that one-step H-atom transfer, rather than sequential proton loss-electron transfer or electron transfer-proton transfer, would be the most favorable mechanism for explaining the antioxidant activity of baicalein in the gas phase and in nonpolar solvents. In aqueous solution, the SPLET mechanism was more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran S Marković
- Department of Biochemical and Medical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, Novi Pazar 36300, Republic of Serbia
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Ndhlala AR, Moyo M, Van Staden J. Natural antioxidants: fascinating or mythical biomolecules? Molecules 2010; 15:6905-30. [PMID: 20938402 PMCID: PMC6259562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the use, properties, characteristics and sources of antioxidants especially phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, synthetic chemicals and some micronutrients began in the late 18th century. Since then antioxidant research has received considerable attention and over a hundred thousand papers have been published on the subject. This has led to a rampant use of antioxidants in order to try to obtain and preserve optimal health. A number of nutraceuticals and food supplements are frequently fortified with synthetic or natural antioxidants. However, some research outcomes have led to the belief that antioxidants exist as mythical biomolecules. This review provides a critical evaluation of some common in vitro antioxidant capacity methods, and a discussion on the role and controversies surrounding non-enzymatic biomolecules, in particular phenolic compounds and non-phenolic compounds, in oxidative processes in an attempt of stemming the tidal wave that is threatening to swamp the concept of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes Van Staden
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +27 33 260 5130; Fax: +27 33 260 5897
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Gião MS, Leitão I, Pereira A, Borges AB, Guedes CJ, Fernandes JC, Belo L, Santos-Silva A, Hogg TA, Pintado ME, Malcata FX. Plant aqueous extracts: Antioxidant capacity via haemolysis and bacteriophage P22 protection. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gim GT, Kim HM, Kim J, Kim J, Whang WW, Cho SH. Antioxidant effect of tianwang buxin pills a traditional chinese medicine formula: double-blind, randomized controlled trial. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 37:227-39. [PMID: 19507268 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09006795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derivatives play important roles in the development of diseases such as, cardiovascular disease, ischemic disease, and aging. Much effort has been devoted to finding both an effective and non-toxic antioxidant traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formula. Tianwang Buxin Pills (TBPs) have been used in TCM to treat mild cognitive impairment and palpitations. Recently, research has revealed that TBPs are effective against oxidative stress and psychological stress in experimental studies. However, randomized controlled trials (RCT) are rare. This study was conducted to assess the antioxidative and anti-stress effects of TBPs by analyzing (determination) reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs test) of the blood, the stress response inventory (SRI), and the Korean version of the WHO Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF) in 39 healthy volunteers (Placebo group = 20, TBPs group = 19) before and after oral administration of TBPs for 4 weeks. However, d-ROMs test, SRI, and WHOQOL-BREF values did not differ significantly between the two groups. These results indicate that TBPs do not effectively restrain ROS or their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Taek Gim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Synthesis, antioxidant evaluation, and quantitative structure–activity relationship studies of chalcones. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li XJ, Gao N, Zhang HY. Natural inspirations for antioxidant drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:910-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rodríguez H, Curiel JA, Landete JM, de las Rivas B, López de Felipe F, Gómez-Cordovés C, Mancheño JM, Muñoz R. Food phenolics and lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 132:79-90. [PMID: 19419788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are important constituents of food products of plant origin. These compounds are directly related to sensory characteristics of foods such as flavour, astringency, and colour. In addition, the presence of phenolic compounds on the diet is beneficial to health due to their chemopreventive activities against carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, mainly due to their antioxidant activities. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are autochthonous microbiota of raw vegetables. To get desirable properties on fermented plant-derived food products, LAB has to be adapted to the characteristics of the plant raw materials where phenolic compounds are abundant. Lactobacillus plantarum is the commercial starter most frequently used in the fermentation of food products of plant origin. However, scarce information is still available on the influence of phenolic compounds on the growth and viability of L. plantarum and other LAB species. Moreover, metabolic pathways of biosynthesis or degradation of phenolic compounds in LAB have not been completely described. Results obtained in L. plantarum showed that L. plantarum was able to degrade some food phenolic compounds giving compounds influencing food aroma as well as compounds presenting increased antioxidant activity. Recently, several L. plantarum proteins involved in the metabolism of phenolic compounds have been genetically and biochemically characterized. The aim of this review is to give a complete and updated overview of the current knowledge among LAB and food phenolics interaction, which could facilitate the possible application of selected bacteria or their enzymes in the elaboration of food products with improved characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Gião MS, Borges AB, Guedes CJ, Hogg TA, Pintado ME, Malcata FX. Determination of antioxidant capacity using the biological system bacteriophage P22/bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:22-25. [PMID: 19072632 DOI: 10.1021/jf802185k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage/bacterium systems have been employed in the past in assays for virucidal activity. A novel application of one such system is proposed here for the in vivo determination of antioxidant capacity. It was shown that an antioxidant such as gallic acid can effectively protect against oxidative damage brought about by H2O2-but only within a narrow range of concentrations (i.e., from 250 to 500 mg L-1); ascorbic acid, on the other hand, did not exhibit any protective effect against H2O2. Finally, neither ascorbic nor gallic acid demonstrated a virucidal effect. The P22/Salmonella typhimurium model system thus proved to be useful in the assessment of antioxidant capacity in vivo, at least using those two alternative model antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Gião
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, Portugal
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Bolognesi ML, Cavalli A, Melchiorre C. Memoquin: a multi-target-directed ligand as an innovative therapeutic opportunity for Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:152-62. [PMID: 19110206 PMCID: PMC5084263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is currently thought to be a complex, multifactorial syndrome, unlikely to arise from a single causal factor; instead, a number of related biological alterations are thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. This may explain why the currently available drugs, developed according to the classic drug discovery paradigm of "one-molecule-one-target," have turned out to be palliative. In light of this, drug combinations that can act at different levels of the neurotoxic cascade offer new avenues toward curing Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. In parallel, a new strategy is emerging-that of developing a single chemical entity able to modulate multiple targets simultaneously. This has led to a new paradigm in medicinal chemistry, the "multi-target-directed ligand" design strategy, which has already been successfully exploited at both academic and industrial levels. As a case study, we report here on memoquin, a new molecule developed following this strategy. The in vitro and in vivo biological profile of memoquin demonstrates the suitability of the new strategy for obtaining innovative drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Bolognesi
- grid.6292.f0000000417571758Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- grid.6292.f0000000417571758Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- grid.25786.3e0000000417642907Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Melchiorre
- grid.6292.f0000000417571758Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Essential oils are gaining increasing interest due to their multiple biological activities and great potential for therapeutic use. The antioxidant effect of essential oils is of special interest in diseases with inflammatory aspects. In this paper, the antioxidant activities of eleven essential oils extracted from Australian native plants were examined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays. In the DPPH assay, all of the essential oils showed substantial antioxidant potential, with a radical-scavenging activity ranging from 12.9% ± 0.3% to 86.9% ± 0.2% at the concentration of 1.6 × 10−2 mL/mL. In the ABTS assay, lemon-scented tea-tree oil ( Leptospermum petersonii Bailey) (80.6% ± 0.7%), Australian blue cypress oil ( Callitris intratropica R. T. Baker & H. G. Smith) (78.6% ± 1.3%), lemon-scented eucalyptus oil ( Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.) (56.7% ± 0.9%) and lemon-scented ironbark oil ( Eucalyptus staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey) (58.9% ± 0.8%) exhibited relatively high radical-scavenging activities at the concentration of 1.6 × 10−2 mL/mL. Taken together, in both DPPH and ABTS assays, lemon-scented tea-tree oil (with IC50 of 1.5 × 10−3 mL/mL and 1.5 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively), Australian blue cypress oil (with IC50 of 9.5 × 10−3 mL/mL and 3.0 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively), lemon-scented eucalyptus oil (with IC50 of 4.8 × 10−3 mL/mL and 8.9 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively) and lemon-scented ironbark oil (with IC50 of 6.4 × 10−3 mL/mL and 7.0 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively) showed the highest antioxidant potential of the essential oils tested. By comparison, the antioxidant capacity of vitamin E had IC50 values of 5.3 × 10−5 mL/mL and 4.3 × 10−6 mL/mL in the DPPH and ABTS tests respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | | | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
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Ji HF, Zhang HY. Multipotent natural agents to combat Alzheimer's disease. Functional spectrum and structural features. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:143-51. [PMID: 18215342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With the accelerated aging of human society, Alzheimeros disease (AD) is becoming one of the biggest threats to human health. Since multiple pathogenetic factors are implicated in the disease, the current hitting-one-target therapeutic strategy has proved inefficient to AD. As a result, finding multipotent agents that aim at multiple targets is attracting more and more attention. Although multifunctional anti-AD agents can be created by incorporating two or more pharmacophores in one scaffold, naturally occurring multipotent agents also attracted much attention. In this review, we first describe the functions of some typical naturally originated multipotent anti-AD compounds, then summarize their structural features and reveal that phenolics with certain flexibility predominate in these agents, which are of significance to find novel multipotent drugs to combat AD and other neurodegenerative diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-fang Ji
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Center for Advanced Study, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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