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Rom O, Liu Y, Finney AC, Ghrayeb A, Zhao Y, Shukha Y, Wang L, Rajanayake KK, Das S, Rashdan NA, Weissman N, Delgadillo L, Wen B, Garcia-Barrio MT, Aviram M, Kevil CG, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Zhang J, Sun D, Hayek T, Gottlieb E, Mor I, Chen YE. Induction of glutathione biosynthesis by glycine-based treatment mitigates atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102313. [PMID: 35447412 PMCID: PMC9044008 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower circulating levels of glycine are consistently reported in association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causative role and therapeutic potential of glycine in atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of most CVDs, remain to be established. Here, following the identification of reduced circulating glycine in patients with significant coronary artery disease (sCAD), we investigated a causative role of glycine in atherosclerosis by modulating glycine availability in atheroprone mice. We further evaluated the atheroprotective potential of DT-109, a recently identified glycine-based compound with dual lipid/glucose-lowering properties. Glycine deficiency enhanced, while glycine supplementation attenuated, atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. DT-109 treatment showed the most significant atheroprotective effects and lowered atherosclerosis in the whole aortic tree and aortic sinus concomitant with reduced superoxide. In Apoe−/− mice with established atherosclerosis, DT-109 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerosis and aortic superoxide independent of lipid-lowering effects. Targeted metabolomics and kinetics studies revealed that DT-109 induces glutathione formation in mononuclear cells. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), glycine and DT-109 attenuated superoxide formation induced by glycine deficiency. This was abolished in BMDMs from glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit-deficient (Gclm−/-) mice in which glutathione biosynthesis is impaired. Metabolic flux and carbon tracing experiments revealed that glycine deficiency inhibits glutathione formation in BMDMs while glycine-based treatment induces de novo glutathione biosynthesis. Through a combination of studies in patients with CAD, in vivo studies using atherosclerotic mice and in vitro studies using macrophages, we demonstrated a causative role of glycine in atherosclerosis and identified glycine-based treatment as an approach to mitigate atherosclerosis through antioxidant effects mediated by induction of glutathione biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Alia Ghrayeb
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yousef Shukha
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Krishani K Rajanayake
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Nabil A Rashdan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Natan Weissman
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Luisa Delgadillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Inbal Mor
- The Laboratory for Metabolism in Health and Disease, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Shukha Y, Lu H, Wang L, Liu Z, Liu C, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhao G, Liang W, Fan Y, Chang L, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Orr AW, Aviram M, Wen B, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhang J, Liu W, Sun D, Hayek T, Chen YE, Rom O. Dysregulated oxalate metabolism is a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109420. [PMID: 34320345 PMCID: PMC8363062 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated glycine metabolism is emerging as a common denominator in cardiometabolic diseases, but its contribution to atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate impaired glycine-oxalate metabolism through alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) in atherosclerosis. As found in patients with atherosclerosis, the glycine/oxalate ratio is decreased in atherosclerotic mice concomitant with suppression of AGXT. Agxt deletion in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice decreases the glycine/oxalate ratio and increases atherosclerosis with induction of hepatic pro-atherogenic pathways, predominantly cytokine/chemokine signaling and dysregulated redox homeostasis. Consistently, circulating and aortic C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and superoxide in lesional macrophages are increased. Similar findings are observed following dietary oxalate overload in Apoe-/- mice. In macrophages, oxalate induces mitochondrial dysfunction and superoxide accumulation, leading to increased CCL5. Conversely, AGXT overexpression in Apoe-/- mice increases the glycine/oxalate ratio and decreases aortic superoxide, CCL5, and atherosclerosis. Our findings uncover dysregulated oxalate metabolism via suppressed AGXT as a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yousef Shukha
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Cai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rom O, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Wu J, Ghrayeb A, Villacorta L, Fan Y, Chang L, Wang L, Liu C, Yang D, Song J, Rech JC, Guo Y, Wang H, Zhao G, Liang W, Koike Y, Lu H, Koike T, Hayek T, Pennathur S, Xi C, Wen B, Sun D, Garcia-Barrio MT, Aviram M, Gottlieb E, Mor I, Liu W, Zhang J, Chen YE. Glycine-based treatment ameliorates NAFLD by modulating fatty acid oxidation, glutathione synthesis, and the gut microbiome. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz2841. [PMID: 33268508 PMCID: PMC7982985 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has reached epidemic proportions with no pharmacological therapy approved. Lower circulating glycine is consistently reported in patients with NAFLD, but the causes for reduced glycine, its role as a causative factor, and its therapeutic potential remain unclear. We performed transcriptomics in livers from humans and mice with NAFLD and found suppression of glycine biosynthetic genes, primarily alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGXT1). Genetic (Agxt1 -/- mice) and dietary approaches to limit glycine availability resulted in exacerbated diet-induced hyperlipidemia and steatohepatitis, with suppressed mitochondrial/peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and enhanced inflammation as the underlying pathways. We explored glycine-based compounds with dual lipid/glucose-lowering properties as potential therapies for NAFLD and identified a tripeptide (Gly-Gly-L-Leu, DT-109) that improved body composition and lowered circulating glucose, lipids, transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, and steatohepatitis in mice with established NASH induced by a high-fat, cholesterol, and fructose diet. We applied metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to explore the underlying mechanisms. The bacterial genus Clostridium sensu stricto was markedly increased in mice with NASH and decreased after DT-109 treatment. DT-109 induced hepatic FAO pathways, lowered lipotoxicity, and stimulated de novo glutathione synthesis. In turn, inflammatory infiltration and hepatic fibrosis were attenuated via suppression of NF-κB target genes and TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Unlike its effects on the gut microbiome, DT-109 stimulated FAO and glutathione synthesis independent of NASH. In conclusion, impaired glycine metabolism may play a causative role in NAFLD. Glycine-based treatment attenuates experimental NAFLD by stimulating hepatic FAO and glutathione synthesis, thus warranting clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alia Ghrayeb
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason C Rech
- Michigan Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yui Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomonari Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | | | - Chuanwu Xi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Inbal Mor
- The Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Hayek T, Dawood M, Aviram M. Increased macrophage cholesterol accumulation by serum from patients with chest pain and significant atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rom O, Liu Y, Chang L, Chen YE, Aviram M. Editorial: Nitro-fatty acids: novel drug candidates for the co-treatment of atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:104-107. [PMID: 32132415 PMCID: PMC7534545 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Jeries H, Volkova N, Grajeda-Iglesias C, Najjar M, Rosenblat M, Aviram M, Hayek T. Prednisone and Its Active Metabolite Prednisolone Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Macrophages. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:174-186. [PMID: 31648564 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419883591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic forms of glucocorticoids (GCs; eg, prednisone, prednisolone) are anti-inflammatory drugs that are widely used in clinical practice. The role of GCs in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, is highly controversial, and their impact on macrophage foam cell formation is still unknown. We investigated the effects of prednisone and prednisolone on macrophage oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with prednisone or prednisolone (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, followed by lipid metabolism analyses in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. We also analyzed the effect of serum samples obtained from 9 healthy human volunteers before and after oral administration of prednisone (20 mg for 5 days) on J774A.1 macrophage atherogenicity. Finally, J774A.1 macrophages, human monocyte-derived macrophages, and fibroblasts were incubated with increasing concentrations (0-200 ng/mL) of prednisone or prednisolone, followed by determination of cellular oxidative status, and triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism. Prednisone and prednisolone treatment resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, as observed in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. These effects were associated with GCs' inhibitory effect on triglyceride- and cholesterol-biosynthesis rates, through downregulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and HMG-CoA reductase expression. Glucocorticoid-induced reduction of cellular lipid accumulation was mediated by the GC receptors on the macrophages, because the GC-receptor antagonist (RU486) abolished these effects. In fibroblasts, unlike macrophages, GCs showed no effects. CONCLUSION Prednisone and prednisolone exhibit antiatherogenic activity by protecting macrophages from lipid accumulation and foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helana Jeries
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Najjar
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Hayek
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Rom O, Xu G, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Fan Y, Liang W, Lu H, Liu Y, Aviram M, Liu Z, Kim S, Liu W, Wang X, Chen YE, Villacorta L. Nitro-fatty acids protect against steatosis and fibrosis during development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:62-72. [PMID: 30772307 PMCID: PMC6444056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are reaching global epidemic proportions. Lack of non-invasive diagnostic tools and effective therapies constitute two of the major hurdles for a bona fide treatment and a reversal of NASH progression and/or regression of the disease. Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) has been proven effective in multiple experimental models of inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, the potential benefit of in vivo administration of OA-NO2 to treat advanced NAFLD was tested herein in a model of long-term NASH diet-induced liver damage. METHODS Non-invasive imaging (e.g. photoacustic-ultrasound (PA-US)) was pursued to establish advanced experimental model of NASH in mice in which both steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed prior experimental therapy with OA-NO2. Experimental controls included equimolar amounts of the non-nitrated oleic acid (OA). CLAMS and NMR-based analysis was used for energy metabolism. FINDINGS CLAMS and NMR-based analysis demonstrates that OA-NO2 improves body composition and energy metabolism and inhibits hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation. Photoacoustic-ultrasound imaging revealed a robust inhibition of liver steatosis and fibrosis by OA-NO2. RNA-sequencing analysis uncovered inflammation and fibrosis as major pathways suppressed by OA-NO2 administration, as well as regulation of lipogenesis and lipolysis pathways, with a robust inhibition of SREBP1 proteolytic activation and subsequent lipogenesis gene expression by OA-NO2. These results were further supported by histological analysis and quantification of lipid accumulation, lobular inflammation (F4/80 staining) and fibrosis (collagen deposition, αSMA staining) as well as established parameters of liver damage (ALT). In vitro studies indicate that OA-NO2 inhibits TG biosynthesis and accumulation in hepatocytes and inhibits fibrogenesis in human stellate cells. INTERPRETATION OA-NO2 improve steatohepatitis and fibrosis and may constitute an effective therapeutic approach against advanced NAFLD that warrants further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yunhao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Rom O, Volkova N, Jeries H, Grajeda-Iglesias C, Aviram M. Exogenous (Pomegranate Juice) or Endogenous (Paraoxonase1) Antioxidants Decrease Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Mouse Cardiovascular Disease-Related Tissues. Lipids 2018; 53:1031-1041. [PMID: 30560569 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice (PJ) and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraoxonase1 (PON1) are known as potent atheroprotective antioxidants, but their effects on other tissues related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of treating mice with PJ or recombinant PON1 (rePON1) on the oxidation and lipid status of CVD-related tissues: serum, aorta, heart, liver, kidney, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT). Both PJ consumption and rePON1 injection decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (16% and 19%) and triacylglycerols (TAG, 24% and 27%), while only rePON1 increased the levels of thiol groups (35%) and decreased serum cholesterol (15%). Both PJ and rePON1 significantly decreased aortic cholesterol (38% and 32%) and TAG (62% and 58%) contents in association with downregulation of the key TAG biosynthetic enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1, 71% and 65%), while only PJ decreased aortic lipid peroxides (47%). Substantial TAG-lowering effects of both PJ and rePON1 were observed also in the heart (31% and 42%), liver (34% and 42%), and kidney (42% and 57%). In both VAT and SAT, rePON1 decreased the levels of lipid peroxides (28% and 25%), while PJ decreased the TAG content (22% and 18%). Ex vivo incubation of SAT with serum derived from mice that consumed PJ or injected with rePON1 decreased SAT lipid peroxides (35% or 28%) and TAG mass (12% or 10%). These novel findings highlight potent TAG-lowering properties of exogenous (PJ) and endogenous (PON1) antioxidants in tissues associated with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096
| | - Helana Jeries
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096.,Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, 8 HaAliya HaShniya St., Haifa, Israel 35254
| | - Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Haifa, Israel 31096
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Rom O, Villacorta L, Zhang J, Chen YE, Aviram M. Emerging therapeutic potential of glycine in cardiometabolic diseases: dual benefits in lipid and glucose metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2018; 29:428-432. [PMID: 30153136 PMCID: PMC6198663 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Grajeda-Iglesias C, Aviram M. Specific Amino Acids Affect Cardiovascular Diseases and Atherogenesis via Protection against Macrophage Foam Cell Formation: Review Article. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2018; 9:RMMJ.10337. [PMID: 29944113 PMCID: PMC6115485 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD), atherosclerosis, and endogenous or exogenous lipids has been recognized for decades, underestimating the contribution of other dietary components, such as amino acids, to the initiation of the underlying inflammatory disease. Recently, specific amino acids have been associated with incident cardiovascular disorders, suggesting their significant role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Special attention has been paid to the group of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine, isoleucine, and valine, since their plasma values are frequently found in high concentrations in individuals with CVD risk. Nevertheless, dietary BCAA, leucine in particular, have been associated with improved indicators of atherosclerosis. Therefore, their potential role in the process of atherogenesis and concomitant CVD development remains unclear. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. They can accumulate high amounts of circulating lipids, through a process known as macrophage foam cell formation, and initiate the atherogenesis process. We have recently screened for anti- or pro-atherogenic amino acids in the macrophage model system. Our study showed that glycine, cysteine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and glutamine significantly affected macrophage atherogenicity mainly through modulation of the cellular triglyceride metabolism. The anti-atherogenic properties of glycine and leucine, and the pro-atherogenic effects of glutamine, were also confirmed in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to define the role of these amino acids in atherosclerosis and CVD, which may serve as a basis for the development of anti-atherogenic nutritional and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aviram
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa, Israel
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13
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Nimri L, Grajeda-Iglesias C, Volkova N, Aviram M. Pro-atherogenic and pro-oxidant crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:879-893. [PMID: 29804185 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity, which is characterized by triglyceride accumulation mainly in adipocytes but also in arterial wall cells such as macrophages, is a major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis. We aimed to identify the crosstalk related to lipid metabolism and oxidation status between adipocytes and macrophages. METHODS We used a co-culture model system with J477A.1 cultured macrophages and 3T3L1 cultured adipocytes. For an in-vivo co-culture system, we used C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages and visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue. RESULTS Adipocytes significantly increased reactive oxygen species generation, up to twofold, and decreased cholesterol content by 22% in the co-cultured macrophages. Macrophages significantly increased triglyceride-biosynthesis rate by twofold and decreased triglyceride-degradation rate by 30%, resulting in increased triglyceride accumulation in the co-cultured adipocytes by up to 72%. In the in-vivo mouse model, visceral adipose tissue crosstalk with macrophages resulted in a significant pro-atherogenic phenotype with respect to cellular cholesterol metabolism. In contrast, the interaction between subcutaneous adipose tissue and macrophages mostly affected cellular triglyceride metabolism. There were no significant effects on mitochondrial respiration capacity in the macrophages. Upon oxidative-stress reduction in the co-cultured cells using the polyphenol-rich antioxidant, pomegranate juice, the expression of genes related to cellular lipid accumulation was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS We reveal, for the first time, that paracrine interactions between adipocytes and macrophages result in oxidative stress and lipids metabolic alterations in both cells, toward increased atherogenicity which can be reversed by phenolic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nimri
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Efron 1, Bat Galim, 31096, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Efron 1, Bat Galim, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Efron 1, Bat Galim, 31096, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Efron 1, Bat Galim, 31096, Haifa, Israel
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14
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Grajeda-Iglesias C, Rom O, Hamoud S, Volkova N, Hayek T, Abu-Saleh N, Aviram M. Leucine supplementation attenuates macrophage foam-cell formation: Studies in humans, mice, and cultured macrophages. Biofactors 2018; 44:245-262. [PMID: 29399895 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Whereas atherogenicity of dietary lipids has been largely studied, relatively little is known about the possible contribution of dietary amino acids to macrophage foam-cell formation, a hallmark of early atherogenesis. Recently, we showed that leucine has antiatherogenic properties in the macrophage model system. In this study, an in-depth investigation of the role of leucine in macrophage lipid metabolism was conducted by supplementing humans, mice, or cultured macrophages with leucine. Macrophage incubation with serum obtained from healthy adults supplemented with leucine (5 g/d, 3 weeks) significantly decreased cellular cholesterol mass by inhibiting the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis and increasing cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Similarly, leucine supplementation to C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks) resulted in decreased cholesterol content in their harvested peritoneal macrophages (MPM) in relation with reduced cholesterol biosynthesis rate. Studies in J774A.1 murine macrophages revealed that leucine dose-dependently decreased cellular cholesterol and triglyceride mass. Macrophages treated with leucine (0.2 mM) showed attenuated uptake of very low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride biosynthesis rate, with a concurrent down-regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1, a key enzyme catalyzing triglyceride biosynthesis in macrophages. Similar effects were observed when macrophages were treated with α-ketoisocaproate, a key leucine metabolite. Finally, both in vivo and in vitro leucine supplementation significantly improved macrophage mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. The above studies, conducted in human, mice, and cultured macrophages, highlight a protective role for leucine attenuating macrophage foam-cell formation by mechanisms related to the metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides, and energy production. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):245-262, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shadi Hamoud
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Niroz Abu-Saleh
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Aviram M, Presser D. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein reduces plasma coagulationin vitro. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.1991.11978684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Aviram
- Lipid Research Laboratory and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Emergency Test Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - D. Presser
- Emergency Test Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Omar I, Rom O, Aviram M, Cohen-Daniel L, Gebre AK, Parks JS, Berger M. Slfn2 mutation-induced loss of T-cell quiescence leads to elevated de novo sterol synthesis. Immunology 2017; 152:484-493. [PMID: 28672048 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of a 'quiescence programme' by naive T cells is important to provide a stress-free environment and resistance to apoptosis while preserving their responsiveness to activating stimuli. Therefore, the survival and proper function of naive T cells depends on their ability to maintain quiescence. Recently we demonstrated that by preventing chronic unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Schlafen2 (Slfn2) maintains a stress-free environment to conserve a pool of naive T cells ready to respond to a microbial invasion. These findings strongly suggest an intimate association between quiescence and stress signalling. However, the connection between ER stress conditions and loss of T-cell quiescence is unknown. Here we demonstrate that homeostasis of cholesterol and lipids, is disrupted in T cells and monocytes from Slfn2-mutant, elektra, mice with higher levels of lipid rafts and lipid droplets found in these cells. Moreover, elektra T cells had elevated levels of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester due to increased de novo synthesis and higher levels of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. As cholesterol plays an important role in the transition of T cells from resting to active state, and ER regulates cholesterol and lipid synthesis, we suggest that regulation of cholesterol levels through the prevention of ER stress is an essential component of the mechanism by which Slfn2 regulates quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Omar
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Rom
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonor Cohen-Daniel
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham K Gebre
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Berger
- The Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Biomedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Rom O, Grajeda-Iglesias C, Najjar M, Abu-Saleh N, Volkova N, Dar DE, Hayek T, Aviram M. Atherogenicity of amino acids in the lipid-laden macrophage model system in vitro and in atherosclerotic mice: a key role for triglyceride metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:24-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Dropiyvsky-Goldstein H, Yaakov Y, Blau H, Efrati O, Bentur L, Livnat G, Picard E, Aviram M, Machlin R, Wilschanski M. WS15.5 Electrophysiological tests in CF diagnosis: nasal potential difference is more predictive than sweat test – single center study. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Rom O, Aviram M. High-density lipoprotein-associated paraoxonase 1: a possible prognostic biomarker for heart failure? Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19:756-759. [PMID: 28371029 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, North Campus Research Complex Building, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Efron 1, Bat Galim, Haifa, 31096, Israel
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21
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Rosman Y, Ravfogel S, Shiyovich A, Shrot S, Milk N, Ophir N, Aviram M, Nir I, Kassirer M, Eisenkraft A. Resveratrol fails to provide prophylactic protection in a rat model of organophosphate poisoning. Disaster Mil Med 2017; 2:11. [PMID: 28265445 PMCID: PMC5329943 DOI: 10.1186/s40696-016-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background
Paraoxonase-1, an organophosphorous-hydrolyzing enzyme, was shown to provide protection against organophosphates poisoning in vivo. In vitro findings suggest that the phytoalexin resveratrol can elevate paraoxonase-1 levels and thus may provide protection against organophosphate poisoning. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prolonged resveratrol intake on paraoxonase-1 levels in rats, and its role as a potential prophylactic treatment in organophosphate poisoning.
Methods 30 adult male albino Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: rats receiving no resveratrol (Control group, n = 10), rats treated once daily with oral gavage of ethanol only (Sham group, n = 6), and rats treated once daily with oral gavage of resveratrol (50 mg/kg) (Study group, n = 14). Following 2 weeks of feeding, all rats were exposed to 1.4LD50 paraoxon (450 mg/kg, intramuscular; 0.5 ml/kg) and monitored for severity of clinical signs and mortality. Paraoxonase-1 activity level was recorded in the beginning of the study and 2 weeks later, just before exposure to paraoxon. Results We found a significant decrease in paraoxonase-1 activity levels in all groups compared to baseline levels (p = 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the study group and the controls (p = 0.7). Following exposure to paraoxon, all animals suffered from severe convulsions and died within minutes. Conclusions Following resveratrol intake in rats, paraoxonase-1 activity levels decreased. We found no beneficial effects in using resveratrol as a prophylactic medical countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Rosman
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaul Ravfogel
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Shai Shrot
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nadav Milk
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nimrod Ophir
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Medical Center, Bat-Galim, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ishai Nir
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Arik Eisenkraft
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,The Institute for Research in Military Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,NBC Protection Division, Israel Ministry of Defense, Kaplan St., Hakirya, Tel Aviv, 61909 Israel
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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23
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Rom O, Jeries H, Hayek T, Aviram M. Supplementation with linoleic acid-rich soybean oil stimulates macrophage foam cell formation via increased oxidative stress and diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-mediated triglyceride biosynthesis. Biofactors 2017; 43:100-116. [PMID: 27517171 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades there has been a staggering rise in human consumption of soybean oil (SO) and its major polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid (LA). The role of SO or LA in cardiovascular diseases is highly controversial, and their impact on macrophage foam cell formation, the hallmark of early atherogenesis, is unclear. To investigate the effects of high SO or LA intake on macrophage lipid metabolism and the related mechanisms of action, C57BL/6 mice were orally supplemented with increasing levels of SO-based emulsion or equivalent levels of purified LA for 1 month, followed by analyses of lipid accumulation and peroxidation in aortas, serum and in peritoneal macrophages (MPM) of the mice. Lipid peroxidation and triglyceride mass in aortas from SO or LA supplemented mice were dose-dependently and significantly increased. In MPM from SO or LA supplemented mice, lipid peroxides were significantly increased and a marked accumulation of cellular triglycerides was found in accordance with enhanced triglyceride biosynthesis rate and overexpression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1), the key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. In cultured J774A.1 macrophages treated with SO or LA, triglyceride accumulated via increased oxidative stress and a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated overexpression of DGAT1. Accordingly, anti-oxidants (pomegranate polyphenols), inhibition of p38 MAPK (by SB202190) or DGAT1 (by oleanolic acid), all significantly attenuated SO or LA-induced macrophage triglyceride accumulation. These findings reveal novel mechanisms by which supplementation with SO or LA stimulate macrophage foam cell formation, suggesting a pro-atherogenic role for overconsumption of SO or LA. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):100-116, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Helana Jeries
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rosenblat M, Rom O, Volkova N, Aviram M. Nitro-Oleic Acid Reduces J774A.1 Macrophage Oxidative Status and Triglyceride Mass: Involvement of Paraoxonase2 and Triglyceride Metabolizing Enzymes. Lipids 2016; 51:941-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- ; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; 1 Efron St., Bat-Galim Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Oren Rom
- ; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; 1 Efron St., Bat-Galim Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- ; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; 1 Efron St., Bat-Galim Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- ; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; 1 Efron St., Bat-Galim Haifa 31096 Israel
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25
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Petrick L, Rosenblat M, Paland N, Aviram M. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles increase macrophage atherogenicity: Stimulation of cellular cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and triglycerides accumulation. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:713-23. [PMID: 25448404 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle research has focused on their toxicity in general, while increasing evidence points to additional specific adverse effects on atherosclerosis development. Arterial macrophage cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) accumulation and foam cell formation are the hallmark of early atherogenesis, leading to cardiovascular events. To investigate the in vitro atherogenic effects of silicon dioxide (SiO2 ), J774.1 cultured macrophages (murine cell line) were incubated with SiO2 nanoparticle (SP, d = 12 nm, 0-20 µg/mL), followed by cellular cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, TG and cholesterol metabolism analyses. A significant dose-dependent increase in oxidative stress (up to 164%), in cytotoxicity (up to 390% measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release), and in TG content (up to 63%) was observed in SiO2 exposed macrophages compared with control cells. A smaller increase in macrophage cholesterol mass (up to 22%) was noted. TG accumulation in macrophages was not due to a decrease in TG cell secretion or to an increased TG biosynthesis rate, but was the result of attenuated TG hydrolysis secondary to decreased lipase activity and both adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein expression (by 42 and 25%, respectively). Overall, SPs showed pro-atherogenic effects on macrophages as observed by cytotoxicity, increased oxidative stress and TG accumulation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 713-723, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Petrick
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, 31096, Israel
- The Technion Center of Excellence in Exposure Science and Environmental Health (TCEEH), Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Nicole Paland
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa, 31096, Israel
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Shteinberg M, Lulu AB, Blumenfeld Z, Gur M, Bentur L, Mussaffi H, Blau H, Sarouk I, Efrati O, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Kerem E, Aviram M, Pickard E, Livnat G. 223 Infertility among women with cystic fibrosis: prevalence and risk factors. J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Loizides-Mangold U, Koren-Gluzer M, Skarupelova S, Makhlouf AM, Hayek T, Aviram M, Dibner C. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and pomegranate influence circadian gene expression and period length. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:453-61. [PMID: 27010443 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2016.1154067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system regulates key aspects of mammalian physiology. Here, we analyzed the effect of the endogenous antioxidant paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein-associated lipolactonase that hydrolyses lipid peroxides and attenuates atherogenesis, on circadian gene expression in C57BL/6J and PON1KO mice fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Expression levels of core-clock transcripts Nr1d1, Per2, Cry2 and Bmal1 were altered in skeletal muscle in PON1-deficient mice in response to HFD. These findings were supported by circadian bioluminescence reporter assessments in mouse C2C12 and human primary myotubes, synchronized in vitro, where administration of PON1 or pomegranate juice modulated circadian period length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Loizides-Mangold
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Marie Koren-Gluzer
- b The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine , the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Svetlana Skarupelova
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Makhlouf
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Tony Hayek
- b The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine , the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- b The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine , the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Charna Dibner
- a Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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Cohen E, Aviram M, Khatib S, Volkova N, Vaya J. Human carotid atherosclerotic plaque protein(s) change HDL protein(s) composition and impair HDL anti-oxidant activity. Biofactors 2016; 42:115-28. [PMID: 26662883 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) anti-atherogenic functions are closely associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor, and are dictated by its composition, which is often affected by environmental factors. The present study investigates the effects of the human carotid plaque constituents on HDL composition and biological functions. To this end, human carotid plaques were homogenized and incubated with HDL. Results showed that after incubation, most of the apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) protein was released from the HDL, and HDL diameter increased by an average of approximately 2 nm. In parallel, HDL antioxidant activity was impaired. In response to homogenate treatment HDL could not prevent the accelerated oxidation of LDL caused by the homogenate. Boiling of the homogenate prior to its incubation with HDL abolished its effects on HDL composition changes. Moreover, tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay revealed an interaction between plaque component(s) and HDL, an interaction that was reduced by 50% upon using pre-boiled homogenate. These results led to hypothesize that plaque protein(s) interacted with HDL-associated Apo A1 and altered the HDL composition. Immuno-precipitation of Apo A1 that was released from the HDL after its incubation with the homogenate revealed a co-precipitation of three isomers of actin. However, beta-actin alone did not significantly affect the HDL composition, and yet the active protein within the plaque was elusive. In conclusion then, protein(s) in the homogenate interact with HDL protein(s), leading to release of Apo A1 from the HDL particle, a process that was associated with an increase in HDL diameter and with impaired HDL anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Cohen
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, , P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
- Lipid Research Laboratory Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- Lipid Research Laboratory Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, , P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- Lipid Research Laboratory Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, , P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Aviram M. Selective oxidative stress and cholesterol metabolism in lipid-metabolizing cell classes: Distinct regulatory roles for pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Biofactors 2015; 41:273-88. [PMID: 26228307 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenesis is associated with macrophage cholesterol and oxidized lipids accumulation and foam cell formation. However, two other major lipid-metabolizing cell classes, namely intestinal and liver cells, are also associated with atherogenesis. This study demonstrates that manipulations of cellular oxidative stress (by fatty acids, glucose, low-density lipoprotein, angiotensin II, polyphenolic antioxidants, or the glutathione/paraoxonase 1 systems) have some similar, but also some different effects on cholesterol metabolism in macrophages (J774A.1) versus intestinal cells (HT-29) versus liver cells (HuH7). Cellular oxidative stress was ≈3.5-folds higher in both intestinal and liver cells versus macrophages. In intestinal cells or liver cells versus macrophages, the cholesterol biosynthesis rate was increased by 9- or 15-fold, respectively. In both macrophages and intestinal cells C-18:1 and C-18:2 but not C-18:0, fatty acids significantly increased oxidative stress, whereas in liver cells oxidative stress was significantly decreased by all three fatty acids. In liver cells, trans C-18:1 versus cis C-18:1, unlike intestinal cells or macrophages, significantly increased cellular oxidative stress and cellular cholesterol biosynthesis rate. Pomegranate juice (PJ), red wine, or their phenolics gallic acids or quercetin significantly reduced cellular oxidation mostly in macrophages. Recombinant PON1 significantly decreased macrophage (but not the other cells) oxidative stress by ≈30%. We conclude that cellular atherogenesis research should look at atherogenicity, not only in macrophages but also in intestinal and liver cells, to advance our understanding of the complicated mechanisms behind atherogenesis. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(4):273-288, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Abassi Z, Britton SL, Koch LG, Aviram M. High intrinsic aerobic capacity and pomegranate juice are protective against macrophage atherogenecity: studies in high- vs. low-capacity runner (HCR vs. LCR) rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1015-21. [PMID: 26004903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the rat model system of high- vs. low-capacity runner (HCR vs. LCR) rats to question the atherogenic properties (oxidative stress, triglycerides and cholesterol metabolism) in the rat macrophages, serum, liver and heart. Half of the LCR or HCR rats consumed pomegranate juice (PJ; 15 μmol of gallic acid equivalents/rat/day) for 3 weeks and were compared to placebo-treated rats. At the end of the study blood samples, peritoneal macrophages (RPM), livers, and hearts were harvested from the rats. RPM harvested from HCR vs. LCR demonstrated reduced cellular oxidation (21%), increased paraoxonase 2 activity (28%) and decreased triglycerides mass (44%). Macrophage uptake rates of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or oxidized LDL were significantly lower, by 37% or by 18%, respectively, in HCR vs. LCR RPM. PJ consumption significantly decreased all the above atherogenic parameters with more substantial beneficial effects observed in the LCR vs. the HCR rats (~80% vs. ~40% improvement, respectively). Similar hypo-triglyceridemic pattern was noted in serum from HCR vs. LCR. In contrast to the above results, liver oxidation and triglycerides mass were both minimally increased in HCR vs. LCR rats by 31% and 28%, respectively. In the heart, lipid content was very low, and interestingly, an absence of any significant oxidative stress, along with modest triglyceride accumulation, was observed. We conclude that HCR vs. LCR rats demonstrate reduced atherogenicity, mostly in their macrophages. PJ exerts a further improvement, mostly in macrophages from LCR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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31
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Borochov-Neori H, Judeinstein S, Greenberg A, Volkova N, Rosenblat M, Aviram M. Antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of phenolic acid and flavonol fractions of fruits of 'Amari' and 'Hallawi' date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:3189-3195. [PMID: 25765921 DOI: 10.1021/jf506094r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit phenolic-acid or flavonol fractions were examined in vitro for antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties. Two fractions of each subgroup were prepared from two date varieties, 'Amari' and 'Hallawi', by solid phase extraction on C18. The fractions were analyzed for phenolics composition by RP-HPLC and tested for ferric-reducing antioxidant power, free radical scavenging capacity, inhibition of Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation, and enhancement of HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. All four fractions exhibited variable capacities to reduce ferric ions, scavenge radicals, and inhibit LDL oxidation. Flavonol fractions were considerably better inhibitors of LDL oxidation compared to phenolic acid fractions, with IC50's of 9-31 nmol GAE mL(-1) compared to 85-116 nmol GAE mL(-1), respectively. Only the flavonol fractions stimulated cholesterol removal from macrophages. Within each subgroup, the levels of all the activities varied with fraction composition. The results demonstrated strong structure-activity relationships for date phenolics and identified date flavonols as potential antiatherogenic bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Judeinstein
- †Southern Arava Research and Development, M. P. Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Amnon Greenberg
- †Southern Arava Research and Development, M. P. Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Mira Rosenblat
- ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Wu PT, Fitschen PJ, Kistler BM, Jeong JH, Chung HR, Aviram M, Phillips SA, Fernhall B, Wilund KR. Effects of Pomegranate Extract Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Physical Function in Hemodialysis Patients. J Med Food 2015; 18:941-9. [PMID: 25826143 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral supplementation with pomegranate extract on cardiovascular risk, physical function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Thirty-three HD subjects were randomized to the pomegranate (POM) or placebo (CON) group. Patients in POM ingested a 1000 mg capsule of a purified pomegranate polyphenol extract 7 days/week for 6 months. Individuals in CON ingested a noncaloric placebo capsule using the same protocol. Measurements were conducted at baseline and repeated 6 months following the start of the intervention. Brachial blood pressure (BP) was obtained using an automatic digital BP monitor. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using ultrasound and arterial tonometry. Blood samples were collected for the measurements of circulating markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity. Muscle strength and physical function were assessed by isokinetic dynamometry, a validated shuttle walk test, and a battery of tests to assess functional fitness. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 24 ± 13.7 and 10 ± 5.3 mmHg, respectively, in POM (P < .05). However, the BP differences in POM were no longer significant after controlling for baseline BP. The paraoxonase-1 activity increased by 26.6% (P < .05) in POM, compared to no significant change in CON. However, pomegranate supplementation had no effect on other markers of cardiovascular disease risk, inflammation and oxidative stress, or measures of physical function and muscle strength. While pomegranate extract supplementation may reduce BP and increase the antioxidant activity in HD patients, it does not improve other markers of cardiovascular risk, physical function, or muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tzu Wu
- 1 School of Nursing, University of California-Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California, USA .,3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter J Fitschen
- 2 Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Brandon M Kistler
- 3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jin Hee Jeong
- 3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hae Ryong Chung
- 3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- 4 Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Medical Center , Haifa, Israel
| | - Shane A Phillips
- 5 Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- 6 Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth R Wilund
- 2 Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois, USA .,3 Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Mann E, Kolusheva S, Yossef R, Porgador A, Aviram M, Jelinek R. Colorimetric Polymer Assay for the Diagnosis of Plasma Lipids Atherogenic Quality in Hypercholesterolemic Patients. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 19:35-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aharoni S, Lati Y, Aviram M, Fuhrman B. Pomegranate juice polyphenols induce a phenotypic switch in macrophage polarization favoring a M2 anti-inflammatory state. Biofactors 2015; 41:44-51. [PMID: 25650983 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It was documented that pomegranate has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated a direct effect of pomegranate juice (PJ) and its polyphenols on macrophage inflammatory phenotype. In vitro, PJ and its major polyphenols dose-dependently attenuated macrophage response to M1 proinflammatory activation in J774.A1 macrophage-like cell line. This was evidenced by a significant decrease in TNFα and IL-6 secretion in response to stimulation by IFNγ and Lipopolysaccharide. In addition, PJ and punicalagin dose-dependently promoted the macrophages toward a M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, as determined by a significant increase in the spontaneous secretion of IL-10. In mice, supplementation with dietary PJ substantially inhibited the M2 to M1 macrophage phenotypic shift associated with age, toward a favorable anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This effect was also reflected in the mice atherosclerotic plaques, as evaluated by the distinct expression of arginase isoforms. PJ consumption inhibited the increment of arginase II (Arg II, M1) mRNA expression during aging, and maintained the levels of Arg I (M2) expression similar to those in young mice aorta. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that pomegranate polyphenols directly suppress macrophage inflammatory responses and promote M1 to M2 switch in macrophage phenotype. Furthermore, this study indicates that PJ consumption may inhibit the progressive proinflammatory state in the aorta along atherosclerosis development with aging, due to a switch in macrophage phenotype from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Aharoni
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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35
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Borochov-Neori H, Judeinstein S, Aviram M. Anti-atherogenic properties of date vs. pomegranate polyphenols: the benefits of the combination. Food Funct 2015; 6:1496-509. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00998c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MPM cholesterol content was not significantly affected by consumption of PJ or date seed extract alone. In contrast, consumption of Hallawi date fruit extract or a combination of PJ together with date fruit and date seeds extract significantly decreased macrophage cholesterol content by 12% or 28%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory
- Rambam Health Care Campus
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory
- Rambam Health Care Campus
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
| | | | | | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory
- Rambam Health Care Campus
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
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36
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Cohen E, Aviram M, Khatib S, Rosenblat M, Vaya J. Human carotid atherosclerotic lesion protein components decrease cholesterol biosynthesis rate in macrophages through 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase regulation. Biofactors 2015; 41:28-34. [PMID: 25639207 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of cholesterol-loaded macrophages, which are turned into foam cells, the hallmark of early atherogenesis. As part of ongoing research on the interactions among human carotid lesion components and blood elements, the effect of plaque homogenate on macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis rate was examined. Human carotid plaques were ground, extracted with phosphate-buffered saline (homogenate), and then added to the macrophage medium. This extract decreased macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis rate up to 50% in a dose-dependent manner. Cholesterol or lipoproteins were separated from the homogenate and added to the MQ medium. Unlike the homogenate, neither free cholesterol nor the lipoproteins were able to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis rate under the above experimental concentration, suggesting that the homogenate-induced cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition in our experimental system was not owing to the feedback inhibition of cholesterol. Furthermore, the homogenate remaining after lipoprotein removal (lipoprotein-deficient homogenate) also decreased cholesterol biosynthesis rate, whereas boiled homogenate or phospholipids extracted from the homogenate decreased macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis rate only partially. Finally, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition was achieved only upon using the precursor [(3)H]acetate, but not [(14)C]mevalonate, suggesting that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCoA Reductase), the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, is involved in the above antiatherogenic effect of the homogenate, whereas the treatment with homogenate decreased HMGCoA Reductase mRNA. Proteins and phospholipids from human carotid lesion homogenate decrease cholesterol biosynthesis rate in macrophages secondary to HMGCoA Reductase feedback regulation. Such an effect may delay foam cell formation and atherosclerosis progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/chemistry
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Cell Line
- Chemical Fractionation
- Cholesterol/biosynthesis
- Complex Mixtures/analysis
- Complex Mixtures/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/genetics
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/chemistry
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/enzymology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Cohen
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Tel Hai College, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, the Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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37
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Petrick L, Rosenblat M, Aviram M. In vitro effects of exogenous carbon monoxide on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in macrophages. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1318-23. [PMID: 25501254 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714558084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major constituent of traffic-related air pollution and is also produced endogenously under conditions of oxygen-mediated stress. It has been shown to affect both oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its role in lipid metabolism has been neglected. Using short exposure times, the effect of CO on J774A.1 macrophage atherogenic functions was investigated up to 16 h after exposure. Exposure of macrophages was found to be pro-atherogenic as it significantly increased triglyceride mass, up to 60%, and decreased high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux, up to 27%. In contrast, paraoxonase 2 lactonase activity was increased, up to 65%, and cellular oxidative stress was attenuated by 29%, compared with the control cells. The above results on lipid metabolism may lead to arterial macrophage foam cell formation, the hallmark of early atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Petrick
- The Technion Center of Excellence in Exposure Science and Environmental Health (TCEEH), Technion, Israel The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Israel
| | - Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Israel
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38
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Cohen E, Aviram M, Khatib S, Artoul F, Rabin A, Mannheim D, Karmeli R, Salamon T, Vaya J. Human carotid plaque phosphatidylcholine specifically interacts with paraoxonase 1, increases its activity, and enhances its uptake by macrophage at the expense of its binding to HDL. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:14-24. [PMID: 25091896 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human carotid atherosclerotic plaque is in direct contact with circulatory blood components. Thus, plaque and blood components may affect each other. The current study presents the effects of plaque chloroform:methanol (C:M) extract on the HDL-associated enzyme paraoxnase 1 (PON1). This study is part of our investigation on the mutual effects of the interactions between atherosclerotic lesions and blood components. Recombinant PON1 (rePON1) was incubated with the human carotid plaques C:M extract and PON1 activities were analyzed. Lactonase and paraoxonase activities were elevated due to C:M treatment, by 140 and by 69%, respectively. Analytical chemistry analyses revealed specific phosphatidylcholines (PCs) as the plaque active components. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay, together with molecular docking, shows that PON1 activity is enhanced in correlation with the level of PC affinity to PON1. Molecular docking revealed that PCs interact specifically with H2-PON1 α-helix, which together with H1 enzyme α-helix links the protein to the HDL surface. These findings are supported by additional results from the PON1 ∆20 mutant that lack its H1-α-helix. Incubation of this mutant with the plaque C:M extract increased PON1 activity by only 20%, much less than the wild-type PON1 that elevated PON1 activity at the same concentration by as much as 95%. Furthermore, as much as the affinity of the enzyme to the PC was augmented, the ability of PON1 to bind to the HDL particle decreased. Finally, PON1 interaction with PC enhance its uptake into the macrophage cytoplasm. In conclusions, Specific lesion phosphatidylcholines (PCs) present in the human carotid plaque significantly enhance PON1 catalytic activities due to their interaction with the enzyme. Such a lesion׳s PC-PON1 interaction, in turn, competes with HDL PCs and enhances PON1 uptake by macrophage at the expense of PON1 binding to the HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Cohen
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, and Tel Hai College, Israel; Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, and Tel Hai College, Israel
| | - Fadi Artoul
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, and Tel Hai College, Israel
| | - Asaf Rabin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dalit Mannheim
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Karmeli
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Salamon
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Ziv Medical center, Zefat, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, and Tel Hai College, Israel.
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Khatib S, Mahmood S, Vaya J, Aviram M. Reduced glutathione increases quercetin stimulatory effects on HDL- or apoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophages. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1462-72. [PMID: 25204422 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.963574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In our in vitro study, we analyzed the effects of incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with reduced glutathione (GSH) and quercetin on the extent of cellular cholesterol efflux by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). This combination was the most potent one among other exogenous and endogenous antioxidant combinations, since it significantly increased the extent of HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages by 47% versus control cells, whereas quercetin (20 μM) or GSH (200 μM) alone increased it by only 37% or 17%, respectively. Similarly, apoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was increased by 11% or 22% in quercetin or quercetin + GSH-treated cells, respectively, versus control cells. These stimulatory effects were noted only after 20 h of cell incubation. The combination of quercetin + GSH demonstrated high scavenging capacity of free radicals versus quercetin or GSH alone. In addition, quercetin + GSH significantly decreased macrophage oxidative stress as measured by the scavenging capacity of free radicals in the cells, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and the levels of cellular glutathione and lipid peroxides. There was no significant effect of quercetin + GSH on cellular HDL binding, on ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) activity, or on ABCG1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. In contrast, mRNA levels for ABCA1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were both significantly increased by 89% and 93%, respectively, in quercetin + GSH-treated cells versus control cells. Quercetin alone increased the mRNA levels for ABCA1 or PPARα by 42% or 77%, respectively, whereas GSH alone increased it by 22% or 28%, respectively. Mass spectra analysis revealed that oxidized quercetin reacts with GSH to form a new adduct product. We thus conclude that the stimulatory effects of quercetin + GSH on apoA1- or HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux are related to the ability of GSH to preserve quercetin in its reduced form.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Aviram M. HDL3 stimulates paraoxonase 1 antiatherogenic catalytic and biological activities in a macrophage model system: in vivo and in vitro studies. Biofactors 2014; 40:536-45. [PMID: 25230879 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed in-vivo and in-vitro high density lipoprotein (HDL) effects on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) antiatherogenic properties in serum and in macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection to C57BL/6 mice of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) + HDL, in comparison to HDL or to rePON1 alone, significantly increased serum PON1 arylesterase activity (by 20%), and serum-mediated cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophages (by 18%). Similarly, in peritoneal macrophages (MPM) harvested from mice injected with HDL + rePON1 versus rePON1 alone, we observed reduction in oxidative stress (by 11%), increase in cellular PON1 activity (by 14%) and in HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux (by 38%). Incubation of serum or HDL with rePON1, substantially increased PON1 arylesterase activity, two-fold more than the expected additive values. HDL2 and HDL3 increased PON1 activity by 199% or 274%, respectively. Macrophage (J774A.1) cholesterol efflux rate significantly increased by HDL3 + rePON1 versus HDL3 alone (by 19%), but not by HDL2 + rePON1 versus HDL2 alone. Oxidation of HDL3 reduced its ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux, and abolished HDL3 stimulatory effects on rePON1. Addition of exogenous polyphenol quercetin (60 µM), but not phosphatidylcholine or apolipoprotein A1, to HDL + rePON1 increased PON1 activity (by 404%), increased the ability to reduce oxidative stress in J774A.1 macrophages (by 53%) and to stimulate macrophage cholesterol efflux (by 14%). Upon adding the hypocholesterolemic drug simvastatin (15 µg/mL) to HDL + rePON1, PON1 activity and the ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux increased, in comparison to HDL + rePON1. We thus concluded that HDL (mostly HDL3), stimulates PON1 antiatherogenic activities in macrophages, and these PON1 activities were further stimulated by quercetin, or by simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, the Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Gilead N, Shoseyov D, Breuer O, Blau H, Muzzafi H, Gur M, Rivlin J, Picard E, Armoni S, Aviram M, Bentur L, Kerem E. 147 Causes of failure to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with CF. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hamoud S, Hayek T, Volkova N, Attias J, Moscoviz D, Rosenblat M, Aviram M. Pomegranate extract (POMx) decreases the atherogenicity of serum and of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) in simvastatin-treated hypercholesterolemic patients: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, prospective pilot study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 232:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Koren-Gluzer M, Aviram M, Hayek T. Metformin inhibits macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis rate: Possible role for metformin-induced oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:396-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Aviram M. [Addition of pomegranate juice to statin inhibits cholesterol accumulation in macrophages: protective role for the phytosterol beta-sitosterol and for the polyphenolic antioxidant punicalagin]. Harefuah 2013; 152:513-565. [PMID: 24364088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage cholesterol and oxidized lipids accumulation and foam cell formation occur in the early stages of atherosclerosis development. In the current study we used the J774A.1 murine macrophage cell line in order to analyze two atherogenic functions: a. the ability of the cells to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to increase cellular oxidative stress, and b. the ability of the cells to synthesize cholesterol, leading to cholesterol accumulation in the cells. The addition of punicalagin, or beta-sitosterol, or pomegranate juice (which contains both of the above) to simvastatin, significantly improved the statin's ability to inhibit macrophage cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, the addition of pomegranate juice (or punicalagin, but not beta sitosterol) to simvastatin significantly increased the statin ability to protect the cells from oxidative stress. Taken together, the current research provides evidence for the additional cardio protection of statins, that is provided by pomegranate juice antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic effects. The use of statins in combination with pomegranate juice in hypercholesterolemic patients, may allow for the use of lower dosages of statin in order to prevent statin deleterious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improving serum levels of HDL and its subfractions, as well as, oxidative/inflammatory properties has become a fundamental aim in today's atherosclerosis research. Efforts to reach this goal are paralleled by achievements in drug development toward decreasing serum LDL levels and oxidative status. RECENT FINDINGS Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme that is deemed responsible for many of the HDL's antiatherogenic and cardioprotective characteristics. PON1 is highly sensitive to variations in its milieu, and endogenous compounds (fatty acids, phospholipids), nutritional ingredients (flavonoids and other antioxidants), and environmental elements (reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, metals, surfactants), significantly affect the enzyme's activities. PON1 was shown to be responsible for some of the HDL antiatherogenic characteristics such as HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages, and the inhibition of LDL oxidation. SUMMARY The present review summarizes the recent literature related to various elements in PON1's milieu that regulate its activities, with an emphasis on its interrelation with components of the human carotid atherosclerotic lesion (plaque) which are in constant contact with circulating HDL-associated PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aviram
- Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Koren-Gluzer M, Aviram M, Hayek T. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) reduces insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet, and promotes GLUT4 overexpression in myocytes, via the IRS-1/Akt pathway. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Borochov-Neori H, Judeinstein S, Greenberg A, Volkova N, Rosenblat M, Aviram M. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit soluble phenolics composition and anti-atherogenic properties in nine Israeli varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:4278-4286. [PMID: 23587027 DOI: 10.1021/jf400782v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit soluble phenolics composition and anti-atherogenic properties were examined in nine diverse Israeli grown varieties. Ethanol and acetone extracts of 'Amari', 'Barhi', 'Deglet Noor', 'Deri', 'Hadrawi', 'Hallawi', 'Hayani', 'Medjool', and 'Zahidi' fruit were analyzed for phenolics composition by RP-HPLC and tested for anti-atherogenicity by measuring their effects on LDL susceptibility to copper ion- and free radical-induced oxidation, and on serum-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The most frequently detected phenolics were hydroxybenzoates, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonols. Significant differences in phenolics composition were established between varieties as well as extraction solvents. All extracts inhibited LDL oxidation, and most extracts also stimulated cholesterol removal from macrophages. Considerable varietal differences were measured in the levels of the bioactivities. Also, acetone extracts exhibited a significantly higher anti-atherogenic potency for most varieties. The presence of soluble ingredients with anti-atherogenic capacities in dates and the possible involvement of phenolics are discussed.
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Abstract
Pomegranate is a source of some very potent antioxidants (tannins, anthocyanins) which are considered to be also potent anti-atherogenic agents. The combination of the above unique various types of pomegranate polyphenols provides a much wider spectrum of action against several types of free radicals. Indeed, pomegranate is superior in comparison to other antioxidants in protecting low-density lipoprotein (LDL, "the bad cholesterol") and high-density lipoprotein (HDL, "the good cholesterol") from oxidation, and as a result it attenuates atherosclerosis development and its consequent cardiovascular events. Pomegranate antioxidants are not free, but are attached to the pomegranate sugars, and hence were shown to be beneficial even in diabetic patients. Furthermore, pomegranate antioxidants are unique in their ability to increase the activity of the HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which breaks down harmful oxidized lipids in lipoproteins, in macrophages, and in atherosclerotic plaques. Finally, unique pomegranate antioxidants beneficially decrease blood pressure. All the above beneficial characteristics make the pomegranate a uniquely healthy fruit.
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Aharoni S, Aviram M, Fuhrman B. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) reduces macrophage inflammatory responses. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:353-61. [PMID: 23582715 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) was suggested to play an anti-inflammatory role. In the present study we questioned whether PON1 has a direct impact on macrophage inflammatory responses, and the possible functional implications of such effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex-vivo studies were performed with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) harvested from C57BL/6 and human-PON1 transgenic (PON1-Tg) mice, and for the in vitro studies the J774.A1 macrophage-like cell line was used. Pro-inflammatory (M1) activation was induced by LPS and INFγ. The spontaneous and M1-induced TNFα and IL-6 secretion were significantly reduced in BMDM derived from PON1-Tg vs. C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, PON1 dose-dependently attenuated both the spontaneous and M1-induced TNFα and IL-6 secretion, and contributed to the anti-inflammatory activity of HDL. Functionally, PON1 attenuated M1-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytosis, and necrotic macrophage death. PON1 anti-inflammatory activity was mediated, at least in part, via binding to SR-BI, but was independent of the enzyme catalytic activity or of cholesterol efflux stimulation, and did not involve binding to ABCA1. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that PON1 directly suppresses macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that PON1 decreases sustained pro-inflammatory reactions, which subsequently can attenuate plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Aharoni
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Rosenblat M, Elias A, Volkova N, Aviram M. Monocyte-macrophage membrane possesses free radicals scavenging activity: stimulation by polyphenols or by paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Free Radic Res 2013; 47:257-67. [PMID: 23316782 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.765562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we analysed free radicals scavenging activity of monocytes-macrophages in the absence or presence of antioxidants such as polyphenols or paraoxonase 1 (PON1). THP-1 human monocytic cell line, murine J774A.1 macrophages, as well as human primary monocytes have the capability to scavenge free radicals, as measured by the 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. This effect (which could be attributed to the cell's membrane) was cell number and incubation time dependent. Upon incubation of J774A.1 macrophages with acetylated LDL (Ac-LDL), with VLDL, or with the radical generator, AAPH, the cells' lipid peroxides content, and paraoxonase 2 (PON2) activity were significantly increased. While non-treated cells decreased DPPH absorbance by 65%, the Ac-LDL-, VLDL- or AAPH-treated cells, decreased it by only 33%, 30%, or 45%, respectively. We next analysed the effect of J774A.1 macrophage enrichment with antioxidants, such as polyphenols or PON1 on the cells' free radicals scavenging activity. Non-treated cells decreased DPPH absorbance by 50%, whereas vitamin E-, punicalagin- or PJ-treated cells significantly further decreased it, by 75%. Similarly, in PON1-treated cells DPPH absorbance was further decreased by 63%, in association with 23% increment in PON1 catalytic activity. In cells under oxidative stress [treated with AAPH-, or with oxidized LDL], PON1 activity was decreased by 31% or 40%, as compared to the activity observed in PON1 incubated with non-treated cells. We conclude that monocytes-macrophages possess free radicals scavenging activity, which is decreased under atherogenic conditions, and increased upon cell enrichment with potent antioxidants such as nutritional polyphenols, or PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenblat
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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