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Jankowiak S, Rossnagel K, Bauer J, Schulz A, Liebers F, Latza U, Romero Starke K, Seidler A, Nübling M, Riechmann-Wolf M, Letzel S, Wild P, Arnold N, Beutel M, Pfeiffer N, Lackner K, Münzel T, Schulze A, Hegewald J. Night shift work and cardiovascular diseases among employees in Germany: five-year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2024; 50:142-151. [PMID: 38258536 PMCID: PMC11006091 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine if there is an increased risk of incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD) resulting from cumulative night shift work in the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). METHODS We examined working participants of the GHS at baseline and after five years. Cumulative night shift work in the 10 years before baseline was assessed and categorized as low (1-220 nights ≙ up to 1 year), middle (221-660 nights ≙ 1-3 years), and high (>660 nights ≙ more than 3 years) night shift exposure. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated for incident "quality-assured CVD events" using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS At baseline, 1092 of 8167 working participants performed night shift work. During the follow-up, 202 incident cardiovascular events occurred. The crude incidence rates for CVD per 1000 person-years were 6.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.80-9.55] for night shift workers and 5.19 (95% CI 4.44-6.04) for day workers. Cumulative incidence curves showed a higher cumulative incidence in workers exposed to night shift work compared to day workers after five years. The adjusted HR for incident CVD events were 1.26 (95% CI 0.68-2.33), 1.37 (95% CI 0.74-2.53) and 1.19 (95% CI 0.67-2.12) for employees in the low, middle and high night shift categories compared to employees without night shift work, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The observed tendencies indicate that night shift work might be negatively associated with cardiovascular health. We expect the continued follow-up will clarify the long-term impact of night shift work.
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Sarbast S, Mohamad JB. Study of Lipid-Modifying Therapy Use and Risk Factor Management in Patients With Dyslipidemia in Duhok City/Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Cureus 2024; 16:e53849. [PMID: 38465113 PMCID: PMC10924617 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of mortality globally, according to the World Health Organization. Research from the Middle East indicates that cardiovascular disease-related deaths in the region are among the highest worldwide. Multiple risk factors contribute to ASCVD. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), often associated with hyperlipidemia, plays a pivotal role. The reduction of LDL cholesterol through statins has been extensively studied over the years and has demonstrated a significant decrease in rates of cardiovascular disease, particularly in high- and very high-risk groups. Study design This cross-sectional study enrolled 503 adult patients undergoing lipid-lowering therapy for primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD at the Azadi General & Teaching Hospital in Duhok City, Iraq. Data were collected from January 2, 2023, to October 31, 2023. The sample size was carefully determined to ensure a precise estimation of the primary outcome measure. Results Of the 503 patients aged 21-89 years, 315 (62.2%) were women. Among the 145 (28.8%) with ASCVD, 127 (87.5%) had coronary artery disease. Only 150 (29.8%) were on a high-intensity statin, compared to 293 (58.25%) on a moderate-intensity statin. In total, 155 (30.8%) attained LDL-C control (p<0.0001). Among the 207 with very high cardiovascular disease risk, only 10 (4.83%) achieved an LDL-C level below 55 mg/dl. Conclusion This study revealed inadequate management of LDL-C levels across various participant categories, particularly those classified as having high cardiovascular disease risk. Control of other risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) was overall very poor. Most participants were overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipan Sarbast
- Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Jamal B Mohamad
- Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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Avgousti H, Feinstein MJ. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in HIV: practical insights in an evolving field. Top Antivir Med 2023; 31:559-565. [PMID: 38198667 PMCID: PMC10776033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than people without HIV. As antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the natural history of HIV have evolved, so have the pathogenesis and manifestations of HIV-associated CVD. Epidemiologic data from several cohorts demonstrate that PWH have an approximately 50% higher risk than people without HIV for CVD, including, but not limited to, myocardial infarction and heart failure. This elevated CVD risk is not universal among PWH; for instance, the risk is higher among individuals with a history of sustained unsuppressed viremia, diminished CD4+ cell count recovery, or hepatitis C virus coinfection. Specific antiretroviral drugs may also associate differently with CVD risk. Regarding management, the recent REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) study results demonstrated a 35% relative risk reduction in atherosclerotic CVD for PWH at low to moderate predicted risk taking pitavastatin; this is a larger reduction than for comparable moderate-intensity statins in the general population. Whether these higher-than-expected reductions in CVD risk among PWH also extend to higher-intensity statins and into secondary prevention settings for people with existing CVD merits further study. Nonlipid approaches to CVD risk reduction in PWH-ranging from antithrombotic therapy to inflammation-modulating therapy-remain under active investigation. Results of these studies will provide essential information to further guide CVD management in PWH.
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Saeed D, Reza T, Shahzad MW, Karim Mandokhail A, Bakht D, Qizilbash FH, Silloca-Cabana EO, Ramadhan A, Bokhari SFH. Navigating the Crossroads: Understanding the Link Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Health. Cureus 2023; 15:e51362. [PMID: 38292979 PMCID: PMC10825078 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has emerged as a global healthcare challenge affecting a significant portion of the world's population. This comprehensive narrative review delves into the intricate relationship between CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CKD is characterized by kidney damage persisting for at least three months, often with or without a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It is closely linked with CVD, as individuals with CKD face a high risk of cardiovascular events, making cardiovascular-associated mortality a significant concern in advanced CKD stages. The review emphasizes the importance of precise risk assessment using biomarkers, advanced imaging, and tailored medication strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risks in CKD patients. Lifestyle modifications, early intervention, and patient-centered care are crucial in managing both conditions. Challenges in awareness and recognition of CKD and the need for comprehensive interdisciplinary care are highlighted. Recent advances in research offer promising therapies, such as SGLT2 inhibitors, MRAs, GLP-1R agonists, and selective endothelin receptor antagonists. Stem cell-based therapies, gene editing, and regenerative approaches are under investigation. Patient-physician "risk discussions" and tailored risk assessments are essential for improving patient outcomes. In conclusion, the review underscores the complexity of the interconnected CKD and cardiovascular health domains. Ongoing research, innovative therapies, and personalized healthcare will be instrumental in addressing the challenges, reducing the disease burden, and enhancing well-being for individuals facing CKD and cardiovascular issues. Recognizing the intricate connections between these conditions is imperative for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers as they seek to improve the quality of care and outcomes for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Saeed
- Internal Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, PAK
| | - Taufiqa Reza
- Internal Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Youngstown, USA
| | | | | | - Danyal Bakht
- Medicine and Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | | | | | - Afif Ramadhan
- General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, IDN
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Kumar M, Deshmukh P, Kumar M, Bhatt A, Sinha AH, Chawla P. Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48142. [PMID: 38046702 PMCID: PMC10692867 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article conducts a thorough investigation into the potential role of vitamin E in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the context of shifting mortality patterns from infectious diseases to the continued prominence of CVDs in modern medicine. The primary focus is on vitamin E's antioxidant properties and its specific ability to counter lipid peroxidation, a pivotal process in the early stages of atherosclerosis, a precursor to CVDs. The research spans a wide range of methodologies, including in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and experimental studies, examining how vitamin E affects critical aspects of cardiovascular health, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. It also explores vitamin E's influence on complex processes like smooth muscle cell development, oxidative stress reduction, foam cell formation, and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. In the context of clinical studies, the article presents findings that both support and yield inconclusive results regarding the impact of vitamin E supplementation on CVDs. It acknowledges the intricate interplay of factors such as patient selection, pathophysiological conditions, and genetic variations, all of which can significantly influence the efficacy of vitamin E. The article underscores the need for ongoing research, with a specific focus on understanding the regulatory metabolites of vitamin E and their roles in modulating cellular processes relevant to CVDs. It highlights the potential for innovative therapeutic approaches based on a deeper comprehension of vitamin E's multifaceted effects. However, it also candidly addresses the challenges of translating clinical trial findings into practical applications and emphasizes the importance of considering diverse variables to optimize therapeutic outcomes. In summary, this meticulously conducted study provides a comprehensive examination of vitamin E's potential as a preventive agent against CVDs, recognizing the complexity of the subject and the need for continued research to unlock its full potential in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasad Deshmukh
- Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Asmi Bhatt
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arya Harshyt Sinha
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Parth Chawla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Alrubaiaan MT, Alsulaiman SA, Altasan AN, Alqahtani A, Alrashid A, Mohamed OL. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Saudi Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46570. [PMID: 37933346 PMCID: PMC10625670 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an extremely heterogeneous disease with numerous articular phenotypes and extra-articular manifestations. It is common for patients with PsA to have coexisting medical conditions. In recent studies, PsA patients were found to have a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors when compared to non-PsA groups. Objectives This study aimed to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Saudi psoriatic arthritis patients treated at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh. Methods A hundred and twenty-six patients with psoriatic arthritis diagnoses were enrolled in this study. Patients who were 18-years-old or older, had PsA diagnosed by a rheumatologist, and met the Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria were included in the study population. Patients were excluded from the study if they were younger than 18, did not fulfill the CASPAR criteria, did not have a documented diagnosis by a rheumatologist, or had been diagnosed with any type of joint arthritis in the past. In this retrospective cohort article, we investigated the frequency of risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as [hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia (DLP), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and coronary heart disease (CHD)] and non-established risk factors such as [HbA1C, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)]. SPSS version 12.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc.) was used for statistical analysis. The threshold for statistical significance was set at 5%. Results A hundred and twenty-six PsA patients were enrolled in this study, 30 (24%) had PsA for less than two years (early), and 96 (76%) had PsA for more than two years (established). When the analysis was performed, the mean age was 47.5 years, and the mean age at diagnosis of PsA was 42.4 years. Of them, 89 (71%) were female while 37 (29%) were male. Established PsA patients were significantly older at the time of analysis than early PsA patients (49.2 vs. 41.8 years; P= 0.007). Furthermore, established PsA patients had a longer duration of PsA than those with early PsA (6.3 vs. 1.5 years; P= <0.001). The most frequently reported comorbidity was obesity (61%) followed by DLP (43%), HTN (34%), DM (30%), and CHD (11%). CV comorbidities did not differ between subgroups. However, patients with established PsA had a higher prevalence of DLP, especially females. Additionally, patients with early PsA had greater rates of HTN than those with established PsA, and patients with early PsA were more likely to have CHD. Conclusion This study confirms that PsA is linked with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. When evaluating PsA, future studies should take these CV conditions into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad A Alsulaiman
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah N Altasan
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alqahtani
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Fonseca R, Palmer AJ, Picone DS, Cox IA, Schultz MG, Black JA, Bos WJW, Cheng HM, Chen CH, Cremer A, Dwyer N, Hughes AD, Lacy P, Omboni S, Ott C, Pereira T, Pucci G, Schmieder R, Wang JG, Weber T, Westerhof BE, Williams B, Sharman JE. Cardiovascular and health cost impacts of cuff blood pressure underestimation and overestimation of invasive aortic systolic blood pressure. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1585-1594. [PMID: 37466429 PMCID: PMC7614996 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension management is directed by cuff blood pressure (BP), but this may be inaccurate, potentially influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and health costs. This study aimed to determine the impact on CVD events and related costs of the differences between cuff and invasive SBP. METHODS Microsimulations based on Markov modelling over one year were used to determine the differences in the number of CVD events (myocardial infarction or coronary death, stroke, atrial fibrillation or heart failure) predicted by Framingham risk and total CVD health costs based on cuff SBP compared with invasive (aortic) SBP. Modelling was based on international consortium data from 1678 participants undergoing cardiac catheterization and 30 separate studies. Cuff underestimation and overestimation were defined as cuff SBP less than invasive SBP and cuff SBP greater than invasive SBP, respectively. RESULTS The proportion of people with cuff SBP underestimation versus overestimation progressively increased as SBP increased. This reached a maximum ratio of 16 : 1 in people with hypertension grades II and III. Both the number of CVD events missed (predominantly stroke, coronary death and myocardial infarction) and associated health costs increased stepwise across levels of SBP control, as cuff SBP underestimation increased. The maximum number of CVD events potentially missed (11.8/1000 patients) and highest costs ($241 300 USD/1000 patients) were seen in people with hypertension grades II and III and with at least 15 mmHg of cuff SBP underestimation. CONCLUSION Cuff SBP underestimation can result in potentially preventable CVD events being missed and major increases in health costs. These issues could be remedied with improved cuff SBP accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fonseca
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
| | - Dean S Picone
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
| | - Ingrid A Cox
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
| | | | - J Andrew Black
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
- Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Willem J W Bos
- St Antonius Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Nieuwegein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Department of Medicine
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Antoine Cremer
- Department of Cardiology/Hypertension, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Alun D Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London
| | - Peter Lacy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University College London (UCL) and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) UCL/UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Omboni
- Clinical Research Unit, Italian Institute of Telemedicine, Varese, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School
- Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Unit of Internal Medicine at Terni University Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roland Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Weber
- Cardiology Department, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Berend E Westerhof
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan Williams
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University College London (UCL) and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) UCL/UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - James E Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
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Andersson L, Hedbrant A, Bryngelsson IL, Vihlborg P, Särndahl E, Westberg H. Silica Exposure and Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Morbidity in a Cohort of Male Swedish Iron Foundry Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:731-739. [PMID: 37311079 PMCID: PMC10487371 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present quantitative exposure-response data on silica exposure in male Swedish iron foundry workers for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory morbidity. METHODS This research is a cohort study of 2063 male Swedish iron foundry workers. From the Swedish National Patient Registers, data on morbidity incidence were retrieved. A historical measurement database of 1667 respirable silica exposure measurements from 10 Swedish iron foundries was used to calculate the cumulative exposure dose for each worker. RESULTS Increased morbidity risk for the whole group of foundry workers was determined for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and pneumonia. In addition, an increased risk for COPD at cumulative silica exposures ranging from 0.11 to 0.84 mg/m 3 year is presented. CONCLUSIONS The study presents a significantly increased COPD risk at cumulative silica exposures below the Swedish occupational exposure limit.
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Javed A, Ravi PC, Bilal Delvi S, Faraz Hussain I, Acosta G AJ, Iqbal W, Krishnamaneni V, Alasaadi S, Pradhan S, Vashisht R, Modi S. The Relationship Between Myocardial Infarction and Estrogen Use: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46134. [PMID: 37900417 PMCID: PMC10612533 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This thorough literature evaluation was prompted by significant research into the complex interactions between estrogen use and myocardial infarction (MI). Estrogen has fascinated researchers because of its possible cardioprotective benefits and its impact on cardiovascular health. In order to clarify the connection between estrogen use and the risk of MI, this review critically examines the body of prior evidence. This review focuses on estrogen and its pivotal role in cardiovascular health, concentrating on lipid metabolism, vasodilation, inflammation, and endothelial function. It examines contentious data about estrogen therapy's heart-protective effects, taking into account age, initiation timing, dosage, and dosage of administration. Genetic and epigenetic influences on MI risk among estrogen users highlight intricate, personalized estrogen effects. The conclusion summarizes the main findings and emphasizes the need for an all-encompassing strategy for initiating and managing estrogen medication. It is crucial to consider patient-specific traits and risk factors to successfully customize treatment regimens. This review sheds vital light on the potential directions for better cardiovascular treatment for postmenopausal women by shedding light on the complex link between estrogen use and myocardial infarction. The review also identifies research gaps and future objectives in this area, highlighting the demand for novel medicines and individualized strategies to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Javed
- Gynecology, Heart's International Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | - Phanish C Ravi
- Medicine and Surgery, Sri Venkata Sai Medical College, Telangana, IND
| | - Sarah Bilal Delvi
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | | | | | - Warda Iqbal
- Gynecology, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | | | - Rishabh Vashisht
- Internal Medicine, Non Resident Indian (NRI) Medical College, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Shivani Modi
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
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Zakir M, Ahuja N, Surksha MA, Sachdev R, Kalariya Y, Nasir M, Kashif M, Shahzeen F, Tayyab A, Khan MSM, Junejo M, Manoj Kumar F, Varrassi G, Kumar S, Khatri M, Mohamad T. Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes: From Microvascular to Macrovascular Pathways. Cureus 2023; 15:e45835. [PMID: 37881393 PMCID: PMC10594042 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, with a growing risk of developing complications, has a significant negative impact on cardiovascular health, including microvascular and macrovascular issues. This thorough narrative study methodically examines the complex connection between cardiovascular problems and diabetes. We start by thoroughly introducing diabetes mellitus, classifying its various forms, and discussing its growing global impact. Then, we examine retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in detail, illuminating their biology, clinical presentations, and treatment options. Moving on to macrovascular consequences, we investigate the complex relationships between diabetes and coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, emphasizing risk factors, diagnostic standards, and treatment plans designed for people with diabetes. The review analyzes the pathophysiological pathways that link diabetes to cardiovascular problems, including endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and oxidative stress brought on by hyperglycemia. Additionally, we review the critical function of risk monitoring, assessment, and predictive tools in early detection. While highlighting current research paths and the need for tailored medical approaches to address this complex health issue, the story also includes prevention and management strategies, ranging from lifestyle changes to developing medications. This narrative review concludes by providing a thorough summary of current information, highlighting research gaps, and advocating for interdisciplinary efforts to reduce the cardiovascular effects of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Zakir
- Medicine, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Neha Ahuja
- General Medicine, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
| | | | - Reya Sachdev
- Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
| | - Yash Kalariya
- Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Medicine, Rural Health Center (RHC) Dhonkal, Dhonkal, PAK
| | - Maham Kashif
- Medicine, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, PAK
| | - Fnu Shahzeen
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Arslan Tayyab
- Internal Medicine, Quaid e Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, PAK
| | | | | | | | | | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Tamam Mohamad
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
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Chen Z, Tao T, Huang G, Tong X, Li Q, Su G. Analysis of the association between serum antiaging humoral factor klotho and cardiovascular disease potential risk factor apolipoprotein B in general population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34056. [PMID: 37352065 PMCID: PMC10289511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prevalent health issue, and various risk factors contribute to its development, including blood lipids, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is related to CVD. ApoB is present on the surface of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and its cellular recognition and LDL uptake are mainly achieved through recognition. It plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of CVD. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Klotho and ApoB in the general population of the United States as the correlation between serum Klotho and apoB is currently unknown. These findings could potentially guide the development of future treatments for CVD. This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2016. A linear regression model and smooth curve fitting were conducted to analyze the relationship between serum Klotho and apoB. The results indicate a negative correlation between serum Klotho concentration and apoB concentration (β = -71.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -120.8, -22.6; P = .005). After adjusting for confounding variables, the negative correlation between apoB concentration and serum Klotho concentration became more significant (β = -91.8; 95% CI: -151.3, -32.2; P = .004). When apoB concentration was converted from a continuous variable to a categorical variable (tertiles: T1 <0.8 g/L; T2: ≥0.8 g/L to <1.0 g/L; T3: ≥1.0 g/L), the serum klotho level of participants in the highest tertile (≥1.0 g/L) was -44.8 pg/mL (95% CI: -86.3, -3.2; P = .040) lower than that in the lowest tertile (<0.8 g/L). The smooth curve fitting diagram revealed differences in the relationship between serum Klotho concentration and apoB among individuals with different CVD risk factors. This study demonstrates a significant negative correlation between serum Klotho concentration and apoB concentration, even after controlling for confounding factors. The findings suggest that serum Klotho and apoB may be involved in the development of CVD, and targeting these factors could be a potential approach for CVD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixiao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinhe Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guanyu Su
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Poznyak AV, Sukhorukov VN, Eremin II, Nadelyaeva II, Orekhov AN. Diagnostics of atherosclerosis: Overview of the existing methods. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1134097. [PMID: 37229223 PMCID: PMC10203409 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1134097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis was and remains an extremely common and serious health problem. Since the elderly are most at risk of cardiovascular risk, and the average life expectancy is increasing, the spread of atherosclerosis and its consequences increases as well. One of the features of atherosclerosis is its asymptomaticity. This factor makes it difficult to make a timely diagnosis. This entails the lack of timely treatment and even prevention. To date, in the arsenal of physicians, there is only a limited set of methods to suspect and fully diagnose atherosclerosis. In this review, we have tried to briefly describe the most common and effective methods for diagnosing atherosclerosis.
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13
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Cillekens B, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, van Mechelen W, Straker L, Krause N, van der Beek AJ, Coenen P. Re: Cillekens B, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, van Mechelen W, Straker L, Krause N, van der Beek AJ, Coenen P. Physical activity at work may not be health enhancing. A systematic review with meta-analysis on the association between occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality covering 23 studies with 655 892 participants. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2022;48(2):86-98. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3993. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:231-244. [PMID: 37000459 PMCID: PMC10621902 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Emerging evidence suggests contrasting health effects for leisure-time and occupational physical activity. In this systematic review, we synthesized and described the epidemiological evidence regarding the association between occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, from database inception to 17 April 2020. Articles were included if they described original observational prospective research, assessing the association between occupational physical activity and CVD mortality among adult workers. Reviews were included if they controlled for age and gender and at least one other relevant variable. We performed meta-analyses on the associations between occupational physical activity and CVD mortality. Results We screened 3345 unique articles, and 31 articles (from 23 studies) were described in this review. In the meta-analysis, occupational physical activity showed no significant association with overall CVD mortality for both males [hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–1.12] and females (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82–1.15). Additional analysis showed that higher levels of occupational physical activity were non-significantly associated with a 9% increase in studies reporting on the outcome ischemic heart disease mortality (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.82–1.43). Conclusions While the beneficial association between leisure-time physical activity and CVD mortality has been widely documented, occupational physical activity was not found to have a beneficial association with CVD mortality. This observation may have implications for our appreciation of the association between physical activity and health for workers in physically demanding jobs, as occupational physical activity may not be health enhancing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Canton-Vitoria R, Hotta T, Xue M, Zhang S, Kitaura R. Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoribbons Based on a Controllable O 2 Etching. JACS Au 2023; 3:775-784. [PMID: 37006761 PMCID: PMC10052231 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the synthesis of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides has been established in the last decade, synthesizing nanoribbons remains challenging. In this study, we have developed a straightforward method to obtain nanoribbons with controllable widths (25-8000 nm) and lengths (1-50 μm) by O2 etching of the metallic phase in metallic/semiconducting in-plane heterostructures of monolayer MoS2. We also successfully applied this process for synthesizing WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2 nanoribbons. Furthermore, field-effect transistors of the nanoribbons show an on/off ratio of larger than 1000, photoresponses of 1000%, and time responses of 5 s. The nanoribbons were compared with monolayer MoS2, highlighting a substantial difference in the photoluminescence emission and photoresponses. Additionally, the nanoribbons were used as a template to build one-dimensional (1D)-1D or 1D-2D heterostructures with various transition metal dichalcogenides. The process developed in this study offers simple production of nanoribbons with applications in several fields of nanotechnology and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Takato Hotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mengsong Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shaochun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department
of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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15
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Zhang Z, Zhu M, Wang Z, Zhang H. Associations between different eGFR estimating equations and mortality for CVD patients: A retrospective cohort study based on the NHANES database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30726. [PMID: 36197188 PMCID: PMC9509194 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the associations of eGFRCKD-EPI (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation), eGFRMDRD (eGFR by modification of diet in renal disease), and serum creatinine (scr) on the death for American people diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) respectively, and to compare the predicted performance of eGFRCKD-EPI, eGFRMDRD, and scr. A total of 63,078 participants who derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, were obtained in this retrospective cohort study, and collected the baseline characteristics all participants. The outcomes of our study were defined as death, and eGFR estimating equations was defined as eGFRCKD-EPI, eGFRMDRD, and scr. Univariate and multivariate COX analysis were performed to assess the relationship. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on whether patients had anemia. Simultaneously, we also considered the predictive value of eGFRCKD-EPI, eGFRMDRD, and scr in the risk of death. All patients were followed for at most 5-years. After excluded participants who did not meet the inclusion criteria and had missing information, the present study included 2419 participants ultimately, and were divided into alive group (n = 1800) and dead group (n = 619). The mortality rate for CVD patients in this study was approximately 25.59% at the end of follow-up. After adjustment for covariates, the result showed that participants with eGFRCKD-EPI/eGFRMDRD < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or 30 to 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a higher risk of mortality. Similarly, participants with scr (Q4 ≥ 1.2) were associated with the increased risk of death. Additionally, eGFRCKD-EPI has a higher predictive value in 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years risk of death among patients with CVD than eGFRMDRD and scr. The lower level of eGFR was associated with higher risk of death among American population diagnosed with CVD, especially for non-anemic patients. Importantly, our study also displayed that CKD-EPI-based calculation equation of eGFR (eGFRCKD-EPI) provided for a better predictive value than eGFRMDRD and scr in the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Maofang Zhu
- Physical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Zhang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 121 Jiang jia yuan road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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17
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Cillekens B, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, van Mechelen W, Straker L, Krause N, van der Beek AJ, Coenen P. Physical activity at work may not be health enhancing. A systematic review with meta-analysis on the association between occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality covering 23 studies with 655 892 participants. Scand J Work Environ Health 2022; 48:86-98. [PMID: 34656067 PMCID: PMC9045238 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3993 10.5271/sjweh.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence suggests contrasting health effects for leisure-time and occupational physical activity. In this systematic review, we synthesized and described the epidemiological evidence regarding the association between occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, from database inception to 17 April 2020. Articles were included if they described original observational prospective research, assessing the association between occupational physical activity and CVD mortality among adult workers. Reviews were included if they controlled for age and gender and at least one other relevant variable. We performed meta-analyses on the associations between occupational physical activity and CVD mortality. RESULTS We screened 3345 unique articles, and 31 articles (from 23 studies) were described in this review. In the meta-analysis, occupational physical activity showed no significant association with overall CVD mortality for both males [hazard ratio (HR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-1.15] and females (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82-1.09). Additional analysis showed that higher levels of occupational physical activity were non-significantly associated with a 15% increase in studies reporting on the outcome ischemic heart disease mortality (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.88-1.49). CONCLUSIONS While the beneficial association between leisure-time physical activity and CVD mortality has been widely documented, occupational physical activity was not found to have a beneficial association with CVD mortality. This observation may have implications for our appreciation of the association between physical activity and health for workers in physically demanding jobs, as occupational physical activity may not be health enhancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cillekens
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Brauer M, Davaakhuu N, Escamilla Nuñez MC, Hadley M, Kass D, Miller M, Prabhakaran D, Sliwa K, Su TC, Vaartjes ICH, Vedanthan R, Mwangi J, Armstrong-Walenczak K. Clean Air, Smart Cities, Healthy Hearts: Action on Air Pollution for Cardiovascular Health. Glob Heart 2021; 16:61. [PMID: 34692385 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
More than twenty percent of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths are caused by air pollution — more than three million deaths every year — and these numbers will continue to rise unless the global community takes action. Nine out of ten people worldwide breathe polluted air, which disproportionately affects those living in low-resource settings. The World Heart Federation (WHF) is committed to reducing the impact of air pollution on people’s health and has made this a priority area of its global advocacy efforts. In pursuit of this goal, WHF has formed an Air Pollution Expert Group to inform action on air pollution for CVD health and recommend changes to public health policy. This policy paper lays out the health impacts of air pollution, examines its position on the global policy agenda, demonstrates its relevance to the cardiovascular community, and proposes actionable policy measures to mitigate this deadly risk factor to health. The paper considers the important roles to be played by the Members of WHF, including scientific societies and the physicians that constitute them, heart health foundations, and patient advocacy groups. The paper concludes with a detailed table of recommendations for the various sub-target groups at the global, national, local, and patient level.
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19
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Feinstein MJ. HIV and Cardiovascular Disease: From Insights to Interventions. Top Antivir Med 2021; 29:407-411. [PMID: 34856094 PMCID: PMC8670825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with HIV have elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ranging from myocardial infarction to heart failure. Our understanding of this heightened HIV-associated cardiovascular risk has evolved over the past 2 decades. In the early era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), concern existed that ART was the primary driver of cardiovascular risk. However, it has become increasingly apparent that HIV-related viremia, immune dysregulation, and inflammation are primary drivers of HIV-associated cardiovascular risk, along with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as tobacco smoking. Indeed, early and effective ART blunts risk for CVDs among individuals with HIV. Despite these improvements in HIV-associated cardiovascular risk, questions remain regarding how to optimally predict, prevent, and treat CVDs among individuals with HIV. Efforts are underway to define more precisely which diagnostic and therapeutic strategies will be most effective in curbing HIV-associated CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Feinstein
- Send correspondence to Matthew J. Feinstein, MD, MSc, 300 E. Superior St, Tarry 3-703, Chicago, IL, 60611, or email
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20
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Shah S, Shiekh Y, Lawrence JA, Ezekwueme F, Alam M, Kunwar S, Gordon DK. A Systematic Review of Effects of Vitamin E on the Cardiovascular System. Cureus 2021; 13:e15616. [PMID: 34277234 PMCID: PMC8275884 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and an antioxidant that prevents the peroxidation of lipid in vitro. The antioxidant role of vitamin E in preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes is controversial as some studies support it, while others reject it. Therefore, this review aims to determine whether there is an association between vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). An electronic search was done to find out relevant articles. Papers were shortlisted after the initial title and abstract screen. A full-text study was done, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied before the quality assessment of each paper was done. Only high-quality papers were selected for analysis. Full-text articles of the last ten years were included, while non-English articles, gray literature, and animal studies were excluded. The majority of the papers, including 75% of the total population in this review, suggested no role of vitamin E in preventing CVD and CVD mortality. Some studies also suggested that a high level of vitamin E can be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, one should be prudent about taking vitamin E supplementation for cardiovascular risk prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Mulee Regional Hospital/Ministry of Health, Muli, MDV
| | - Yasir Shiekh
- Emergency Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Emergency Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, QAT
| | - Jannel A Lawrence
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Francis Ezekwueme
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammad Alam
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Saru Kunwar
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit, Kanti Childrens Hospital, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Domonick K Gordon
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Scarborough General Hospital, Scarborough, TTO
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21
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Su K, Wang Y, Hu K, Fang X, Yao J, Li Q, Yang J. Ultralight and High-Strength SiC nw@SiC Foam with Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption and Heat Insulation Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:22017-22030. [PMID: 33909396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An ultralight and high-strength SiCnw@SiC foam with highly efficient microwave absorption and heat insulation properties was successfully synthesized using the template sacrifice method and chemical vapor deposition process. The microstructure is a novel double network structure, which is formed by the coupling of the morphology-controlled SiCnw and the SiC skeleton. The introduction of SiCnw can not only provide more interface polarization and dielectric loss to the SiC foam, which greatly enhances the microwave absorption capacity of the composite foam, but also can enable it to act as an excellent radiation absorbent, which can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of the foam, especially at high temperatures. In this study, a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -52.49 dB was achieved at 2.82 mm thickness with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.6 GHz. As the length/diameter ratio of SiCnw decreases, the composite foam exhibits excellent high-temperature thermal insulation and mechanical properties. For the SiCnw@SiC foam, the thermal conductivity is only 0.304 W/mK at 1200 °C and the compressive strength reaches 1.53 MPa. This multifunctional SiCnw@SiC foam is an outstanding material, which has potential applications in microwave absorption and high-temperature heat insulation in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Su
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kexuan Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xia Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Abstract
The current and immediate past Presidents of the World Heart Federation are pleased to publish this invited editorial to demonstrate the organization’s strong, ongoing commitment to addressing the impacts of air pollution on cardiovascular health and outline its strategy for action.
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23
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Brauer M, Casadei B, Harrington RA, Kovacs R, Sliwa K. Taking a Stand Against Air Pollution - The Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: A Joint Opinion from the World Heart Federation, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology. Glob Heart 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 33598388 PMCID: PMC7845468 DOI: 10.5334/gh.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the attention of the world and the global health community specifically is deservedly focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, other determinants of health continue to have large impacts and may also interact with COVID-19. Air pollution is one crucial example. Established evidence from other respiratory viruses and emerging evidence for COVID-19 specifically indicates that air pollution alters respiratory defense mechanisms leading to worsened infection severity. Air pollution also contributes to co-morbidities that are known to worsen outcomes amongst those infected with COVID-19, and air pollution may also enhance infection transmission due to its impact on more frequent coughing. Yet despite the massive disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are reasons for optimism: broad societal lockdowns have shown us a glimpse of what a future with strong air pollution measures could yield. Thus, the urgency to combat air pollution is not diminished, but instead heightened in the context of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brauer
- World Heart Federation Air Pollution Expert Group, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, CA
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, US
- Prof Michael Brauer, The University of British Columbia, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (University of Washington) (Canada/United States); Dr Narantuya Davaakhuu, National Center for Public Health Mongolia (Mongolia); Dr Michael Hadley, Mount Sinai (United States); Mr Daniel Kass, Vital Strategies (United States); Prof Mark Miller, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom); Prof Maria Consuelo Escamilla Nuñez, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Mexico); Prof Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Public Health Foundation India (India); Dr Ta-Chen Su, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine (Taiwan); Dr Ilonca C.H. Vaartjes, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (The Netherlands); Dr Rajesh Vedanthan, Mount Sinai (United States)
| | - Barbara Casadei
- European Society of Cardiology, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, GB
| | | | - Richard Kovacs
- American College of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, US
| | - Karen Sliwa
- World Heart Federation, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, ZA
| | - the WHF Air Pollution Expert Group
- Prof Michael Brauer, The University of British Columbia, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (University of Washington) (Canada/United States); Dr Narantuya Davaakhuu, National Center for Public Health Mongolia (Mongolia); Dr Michael Hadley, Mount Sinai (United States); Mr Daniel Kass, Vital Strategies (United States); Prof Mark Miller, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom); Prof Maria Consuelo Escamilla Nuñez, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Mexico); Prof Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Public Health Foundation India (India); Dr Ta-Chen Su, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine (Taiwan); Dr Ilonca C.H. Vaartjes, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (The Netherlands); Dr Rajesh Vedanthan, Mount Sinai (United States)
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Temu TM, Zifodya JS, Polyak SJ, Wagoner J, Wanjalla CN, Masyuko S, Nyabiage J, Kinuthia J, Bloomfield GS, Page ST, Farquhar C. Antiretroviral therapy reduces but does not normalize immune and vascular inflammatory markers in adults with chronic HIV infection in Kenya. AIDS 2021; 35:45-51. [PMID: 33055570 PMCID: PMC7718419 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Markers of monocyte/macrophage activation and vascular inflammation are associated with HIV-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. We compared these markers among African people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative adults, and examined risk factors associated with elevated biomarkers (>75th percentile) in PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We measured serum concentrations of a gut integrity biomarker (intestinal-fatty acid binding protein), monocyte/macrophage activation biomarkers (soluble CD14 and CD163), and vascular inflammation biomarkers [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1)]. We assessed the relationship of these inflammatory parameters with HIV, using logistic regression adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors. RESULTS Among the 541 participants, median age was 43 years and half were female. Among 275 PLWH, median CD4 T-cell count and duration of ART use was 509 cells/μl and 8 years, respectively. PLWH had significantly higher prevalence of elevated inflammatory biomarkers compared with HIV-negative individuals even after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. Compared with individuals without HIV, the prevalence of elevated biomarkers was highest among persons with detectable viral load and CD4 T-cell counts 200 cells/μl or less. In a subanalysis among PLWH, nadir CD4 T-cell count 200 cells/μl or less was associated with elevated soluble CD14 (sCD14); dyslipidemia with elevated sCD14, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1; and overweight/obesity with reduced sCD14. Longer ART exposure (>4 years) was associated with reduced sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1. CONCLUSION HIV and not traditional CVD risk factors is a primary contributor of monocyte/macrophage activation and inflammation despite ART. Anti-inflammatory therapies in addition to ART may be necessary to reduce these immune dysregulations and improve health outcomes of African PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tecla M Temu
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jerry S Zifodya
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Stephen J Polyak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jessica Wagoner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sarah Masyuko
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Ministry of Health
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jerusha Nyabiage
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Gerald S Bloomfield
- Department of Medicine and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Kaplan A, Simon TG, Henson JB, Wang T, Zheng H, Osganian SA, Rosenblatt R, Lake J, Corey KE. Brief Report: Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in Persons With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 84:400-404. [PMID: 32235172 PMCID: PMC10462389 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and HIV are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the factors associated with NAFLD in persons living with HIV (PWH) and whether CVD is more frequent in PWH with NAFLD are currently unknown. METHODS From the Partners HealthCare Research Patient Data Registry, we identified PWH with and without NAFLD between 2010 and 2017. NAFLD was defined using validated histological or radiographic criteria. CVD was defined by an ICD-9 diagnosis of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, transient ischemic attack, or stroke and was confirmed by clinician review. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between NAFLD and CVD. RESULTS Compared with PWH without NAFLD (n = 135), PWH with NAFLD (n = 97) had higher body mass index and more frequently had hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and CVD (P < 0.01 for all). PWH with NAFLD were also more likely to have CD4 T-cell counts (CD4) <200 cells/mm. In multivariable models, the presence of NAFLD was significantly associated with CVD (adjusted odds ratio 3.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 6.94) and CD4 <200 cells/mm (adjusted odds ratio 4.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.74 to 11.55). CONCLUSION In PWH, CVD was independently associated with prevalent NAFLD after controlling for traditional CVD risk factors. NAFLD was also associated with CD4 <200 cells/mm, suggesting that immune dysfunction may be related to NAFLD. Both CVD and low CD4 count as risk factors for NAFLD require prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Kaplan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York Presbyterian, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline B. Henson
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Wang
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Russell Rosenblatt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Jordan Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Abstract
We report a facile method to produce ultrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) hybrids with polarized near-infrared (NIR) photoresponses, in which horizontally-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are integrated with single- and few-layer MoS2 through a two-step chemical vapor deposition process. The photocurrent generation mechanisms in SWNT-MoS2 hybrids are systematically investigated through wavelength- and polarization-dependent scanning photocurrent measurements. When the incident photon energy is above the direct bandgap of MoS2, isotropic photocurrent signals are observed, which can be primarily attributed to the direct bandgap transition in MoS2. In contrast, if the incident photon energy in the NIR region is below the direct bandgap of MoS2, the maximum photocurrent response occurs when the incident light is polarized in the direction along the SWNTs, indicating that photocurrent signals mainly result from the anisotropic absorption of SWNTs. More importantly, these two-dimensional (2D) hybrid structures inherit the electrical transport properties from MoS2, displaying n-type characteristics at a zero gate voltage. These fundamental studies provide a new way to produce ultrathin MoS2 hybrids with inherited electrical properties and polarized NIR photoresponses, opening doors for engineering various 2D hybrid materials for future broadband optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tu Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ya-Qiong Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Grajeda-Iglesias C, Aviram M. Specific Amino Acids Affect Cardiovascular Diseases and Atherogenesis via Protection against Macrophage Foam Cell Formation: Review Article. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2018; 9:RMMJ.10337. [PMID: 29944113 PMCID: PMC6115485 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD), atherosclerosis, and endogenous or exogenous lipids has been recognized for decades, underestimating the contribution of other dietary components, such as amino acids, to the initiation of the underlying inflammatory disease. Recently, specific amino acids have been associated with incident cardiovascular disorders, suggesting their significant role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Special attention has been paid to the group of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine, isoleucine, and valine, since their plasma values are frequently found in high concentrations in individuals with CVD risk. Nevertheless, dietary BCAA, leucine in particular, have been associated with improved indicators of atherosclerosis. Therefore, their potential role in the process of atherogenesis and concomitant CVD development remains unclear. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. They can accumulate high amounts of circulating lipids, through a process known as macrophage foam cell formation, and initiate the atherogenesis process. We have recently screened for anti- or pro-atherogenic amino acids in the macrophage model system. Our study showed that glycine, cysteine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and glutamine significantly affected macrophage atherogenicity mainly through modulation of the cellular triglyceride metabolism. The anti-atherogenic properties of glycine and leucine, and the pro-atherogenic effects of glutamine, were also confirmed in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to define the role of these amino acids in atherosclerosis and CVD, which may serve as a basis for the development of anti-atherogenic nutritional and therapeutic approaches.
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Currier JS. Management of Long-Term Complications of HIV Disease: Focus on Cardiovascular Disease. Top Antivir Med 2018; 25:133-137. [PMID: 29689541 PMCID: PMC5935217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy experience a number of non-AIDS noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, more frequently than uninfected individuals. Common pathways for such diseases are chronic immune activation and inflammation, including the prolonged inflammation associated with lower nadir CD4+ cell count. Prevention and treatment of non-AIDS conditions include treatment of traditional risk factors, lifestyle interventions, earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and potentially therapies specifically targeting inflammation and immune activation (eg, statins). This article summarizes a presentation by Judith S. Currier, MD, at the IAS-USA continuing education program, Improving the Management of HIV Disease, held in New York, New York, in February 2017.
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Han TS, Fry CH, Fluck D, Affley B, Gulli G, Barrett C, Kakar P, Patel T, Sharma S, Sharma P. Evaluation of anticoagulation status for atrial fibrillation on early ischaemic stroke outcomes: a registry-based, prospective cohort study of acute stroke care in Surrey, UK. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e019122. [PMID: 29247109 PMCID: PMC5736041 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship of anticoagulation therapies with stroke severity and outcomes have been well documented in the literature. However, none of the previous research has reported the relationship of atrial fibrillation (AF)/anticoagulation therapies with urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia and length of stay in hyperacute stroke units (HASUs). The present study aimed to evaluate AF and anticoagulation status in relation to early outcomes in 1387 men (median age=75 years, IQR=65-83) and 1371 women (median age=83 years, IQR=74-89) admitted with acute ischaemic stroke to HASUs in Surrey between 2014 and 2016. METHODS We conducted this registry-based, prospective cohort study using data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme. Association between AF anticoagulation status with severe stroke on arrival (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥16), prolonged HASU stay (>3 weeks), UTI and pneumonia within 7 days of admission, severe disability on discharge (modified Rankin Scale score=4 and 5) and inpatient mortality was assessed by logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes and previous stroke. RESULTS Compared with patients with stroke who are free from AF, those with AF without anticoagulation had an increased adjusted risk of having more severe stroke: 5.8% versus 14.0%, OR=2.4 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.6, P<0.001), prolonged HASU stay: 21.5% versus 32.0%, OR=1.4 (1.0-2.0, P=0.027), pneumonia: 8.2% versus 19.1%, OR=2.1 (1.4-2.9, P<0.001), more severe disability: 24.2% versus 40.4%, OR=1.6 (1.2-2.1, P=0.004) and mortality: 9.3% versus 21.7%, OR=1.9 (1.4-2.8, P<0.001), and AF patients with anticoagulation also had greater risk for having UTI: 8.6% versus 12.3%, OR=1.9 (1.2-3.0, P=0.004), pneumonia: 8.2% versus 11.5%, OR=1.6 (1.1-2.4, P=0.025) and mortality: 9.7% versus 21.7%, OR=1.9 (1.4-2.8, P<0.001). The median HASU stay for stroke patients with AF without anticoagulation was 10.6 days (IQR=2.8-26.4) compared with 5.8 days (IQR=2.3-17.5) for those free from AF (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with AF, particularly those without anticoagulation, are at increased risk of severe stroke, associated with prolonged HASU stay and increased risk of early infection, disability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang S Han
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Ashfordand St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Fluck
- Department of Cardiology, Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Brendan Affley
- Department of Stroke, Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Giosue Gulli
- Department of Stroke, Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | | | - Puneet Kakar
- Department of Stroke, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals, Epsom, UK
| | - Tasmin Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
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Drozd DR, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN, Zhang J, Gange SJ, Napravnik S, Burkholder GA, Mathews WC, Silverberg MJ, Sterling TR, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Van Rompaey S, Delaney JA, Wong C, Tong W, Palella FJ, Elion RA, Martin JN, Brooks JT, Jacobson LP, Eron JJ, Justice AC, Freiberg MS, Klein DB, Post WS, Saag MS, Moore RD, Crane HM. Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Individuals in North America Compared With the General Population. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:568-576. [PMID: 28520615 PMCID: PMC5522001 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among HIV-infected individuals have been limited by the inability to validate and differentiate atherosclerotic type 1 myocardial infarctions (T1MIs) from other events. We sought to define the incidence of T1MIs and risk attributable to traditional and HIV-specific factors among participants in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) and compare adjusted incidence rates (IRs) to the general population Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. METHODS We ascertained and adjudicated incident MIs among individuals enrolled in 7 NA-ACCORD cohorts between 1995 and 2014. We calculated IRs, adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), and 95% confidence intervals of risk factors for T1MI using Poisson regression. We compared aIRRs of T1MIs in NA-ACCORD with those from ARIC. RESULTS Among 29,169 HIV-infected individuals, the IR for T1MIs was 2.57 (2.30 to 2.86) per 1000 person-years, and the aIRR was significantly higher compared with participants in ARIC [1.30 (1.09 to 1.56)]. In multivariable analysis restricted to HIV-infected individuals and including traditional CVD risk factors, the rate of T1MI increased with decreasing CD4 count [≥500 cells/μL: ref; 350-499 cells/μL: aIRR = 1.32 (0.98 to 1.77); 200-349 cells/μL: aIRR = 1.37 (1.01 to 1.86); 100-199 cells/μL: aIRR = 1.60 (1.09 to 2.34); <100 cells/μL: aIRR = 2.19 (1.44 to 3.33)]. Risk associated with detectable HIV RNA [<400 copies/mL: ref; ≥400 copies/mL: aIRR = 1.36 (1.06 to 1.75)] was significantly increased only when CD4 was excluded. CONCLUSIONS The higher incidence of T1MI in HIV-infected individuals and increased risk associated with lower CD4 count and detectable HIV RNA suggest that early suppressive antiretroviral treatment and aggressive management of traditional CVD risk factors are necessary to maximally reduce MI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Drozd
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Mari M. Kitahata
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Keri N. Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jinbing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stephen J. Gange
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Greer A. Burkholder
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - William C. Mathews
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Timothy R. Sterling
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen Van Rompaey
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Joseph A.C. Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Cherise Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Weiqun Tong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Frank J. Palella
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard A. Elion
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Clinical Investigations, Whitman Walker Health, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John T. Brooks
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lisa P. Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Amy C. Justice
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Matthew S. Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel B. Klein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Leandro Medical Center, CA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael S. Saag
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Heidi M. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Glesby MJ. Cardiovascular Complications of HIV Infection. Top Antivir Med 2017; 24:127-131. [PMID: 28208120 PMCID: PMC5677048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. Widely used cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculators to determine indications for statin treatment are not well validated for use in the HIV-infecte population. Some experts advocate including HIV infection as an independent risk factor for CVD. The effects of antiretroviral therapy on lipid profiles and the potentially increased risk for cardiovascular events must be taken into account when selecting treatment for HIV-infected individuals. There is increasing evidence that chronic immune activation and inflammation play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD in the context of HIV infection. This article summarizes a presentation by Marshall J. Glesby, MD, PhD, at the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Clinical Care Conference held in New Orleans, Louisiana, in December 2015.
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Petrie JR, Marso SP, Bain SC, Franek E, Jacob S, Masmiquel L, Leiter LA, Haluzik M, Satman I, Omar M, Shestakova M, Van Gaal L, Mann JF, Baeres FM, Zinman B, Poulter NR. LEADER-4: blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk: baseline data from the LEADER randomized trial. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1140-50. [PMID: 26855018 PMCID: PMC4856174 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists lower blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we examined BP control in relation to targets set by international bodies prior to randomization in the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of cardiovascular outcome Results (LEADER) trial. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from LEADER (NCT01179048), an ongoing phase 3B, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcomes trial examining the cardiovascular safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in 9340 people with T2DM from 32 countries [age (all mean ± SD) 64 ± 7.2 years, BMI 32.5 ± 6.3 kg/m, duration of diabetes 12.7 ± 8.0 years], all of whom were at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). RESULTS A total of 81% (n = 7592) of participants had prior CVD and 90% (n = 8408) had a prior history of hypertension. Despite prescription of multiple antihypertensive agents at baseline, only 51% were treated to a target BP of less than 140/85 mmHg and only 26% to the recommended baseline BP target of less than 130/80 mmHg. In univariate analyses, those with prior CVD were prescribed more agents (P < 0.001) and had lower BP than those without (137 ± 18.8/78 ± 10.6 mmHg versus 140 ± 17.7/80 ± 9.9 mmHg; P < 0.001). In logistic regression analyses, residency in North America (64% treated to <140/85 mmHg; 38% treated to <130/80 mmHg) was the strongest predictor of BP control. CONCLUSION These contemporary data confirm that BP remains insufficiently controlled in a large proportion of individuals with T2DM at high cardiovascular risk, particularly outside North America. Longitudinal data from the LEADER trial may provide further insights into BP control in relation to cardiovascular outcomes in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Steven P. Marso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen C. Bain
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Edward Franek
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital MSW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephan Jacob
- Kardio Metabolischen Instituts, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS)-Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Divisions of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Haluzik
- 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilhan Satman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Marina Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Diabetes Institute
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Faculty of Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes F. Mann
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension & Rheumatology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen, Munchen, Germany
| | | | - Bernard Zinman
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil R. Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Havlir DV, Currier JS. CROI 2016: Complications of HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy. Top Antivir Med 2016; 24:38-46. [PMID: 27398861 PMCID: PMC6148923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Noncommunicable conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal and bone diseases, and malignancies as well as infectious complications are an ongoing concern during the course of treated HIV disease. Research in this area continues to focus on the epidemiology and risk factors for these conditions, on identifying the contributions of HIV-related immunopathology to specific and collective end-organ diseases, and on evaluating interventions to prevent or reduce the morbidity associated with these conditions. Data presented at the 2016 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections provided new insights into all of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane V Havlir
- University of California San Francisco and San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith S Currier
- Clinical AIDS Research and Education (CARE) Center at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Joe DJ, Hwang J, Johnson C, Cha HY, Lee JW, Shen X, Spencer MG, Tiwari S, Kim M. Surface Functionalized Graphene Biosensor on Sapphire for Cancer Cell Detection. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:144-151. [PMID: 27398439 PMCID: PMC5724034 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has several unique physical, optical and electrical properties such as a two-dimensional (2D) planar structure, high optical transparency and high carrier mobility at room temperature. These make graphene interesting for electrical biosensing. Using a catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, graphene film is grown on a sapphire substrate. There is a single or a few sheets as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrical graphene biosensors are fabricated to detect large-sized biological analytes such as cancer cells. Human colorectal carcinoma cells are sensed by the resistance change of an active bio-functionalized graphene device as the cells are captured by the immobilized antibody surface. The functionalized sensors show an increase in resistance as large as ~20% of the baseline with a small number of adhered cells. This study suggests that the bio-functionalized electrical graphene sensors on sapphire, which is a highly transparent material, can potentially detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and monitor cellular electrical behavior while being compatible with fluorescence-based optical-detection bioassays.
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Man B, Xu S, Jiang S, Liu A, Gao S, Zhang C, Qiu H, Li Z. Graphene-Based Flexible and Transparent Tunable Capacitors. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015; 10:974. [PMID: 26138450 PMCID: PMC4489973 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a kind of electric field tunable transparent and flexible capacitor with the structure of graphene-Bi1.5MgNb1.5O7 (BMN)-graphene. The graphene films with low sheet resistance were grown by chemical vapor deposition. The BMN thin films were fabricated on graphene by using laser molecular beam epitaxy technology. Compared to BMN films grown on Au, the samples on graphene substrates show better quality in terms of crystallinity, surface morphology, leakage current, and loss tangent. By transferring another graphene layer, we fabricated flexible and transparent capacitors with the structure of graphene-BMN-graphene. The capacitors show a large dielectric constant of 113 with high dielectric tunability of ~40.7 % at a bias field of 1.0 MV/cm. Also, the capacitor can work stably in the high bending condition with curvature radii as low as 10 mm. This flexible film capacitor has a high optical transparency of ~90 % in the visible light region, demonstrating their potential application for a wide range of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Man
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China,
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Brouwer ED, Watkins D, Olson Z, Goett J, Nugent R, Levin C. Provider costs for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and related conditions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1183. [PMID: 26612044 PMCID: PMC4660724 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk conditions is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries, where health systems are generally ill-equipped to manage chronic disease. Policy makers need an understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the costs of cardiovascular disease related conditions to make decisions on how to allocate limited health resources. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of the published literature on provider-incurred costs of treatment for cardiovascular diseases and risk conditions in low- and middle-income countries. Total costs of treatment were inflated to 2012 US dollars for comparability across geographic settings and time periods. RESULTS This systematic review identified 60 articles and 143 unit costs for the following conditions: ischemic heart disease, non-ischemic heart diseases, stroke, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Cost data were most readily available in middle-income countries, especially China, India, Brazil, and South Africa. The most common conditions with cost studies were acute ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Emerging economies are currently providing a base of cost evidence for NCD treatment that may prove useful to policy-makers in low-income countries. Initial steps to publicly finance disease interventions should take account of costs. The gaps and limitations in the current literature include a lack of standardized reporting as well as sparse evidence from low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Brouwer
- Disease Control Priorities Network, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 259931, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - David Watkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359780, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - Zachary Olson
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, #7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA.
| | - Jane Goett
- PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave #200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA.
| | - Rachel Nugent
- Disease Control Priorities Network, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 259931, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - Carol Levin
- Disease Control Priorities Network, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 259931, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
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Gilbert JM, Fitch KV, Grinspoon SK. HIV-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Statins, and the REPRIEVE Trial. Top Antivir Med 2015; 23:146-149. [PMID: 26713505 PMCID: PMC6148918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), and increased rates of myocardial infarction and stroke have been observed in HIV-infected individuals. After traditional risk factors that are more common among people living with HIV infection (such as smoking and diabetes) are accounted for, the excess risk for CVD persists. Recent studies suggest that increased immune activation and inflammation may contribute to excess risk for CVD in the context of HIV infection. Imaging studies in the HIV-infected population have found inflamed, noncalcified plaque that is vulnerable to rupture. Statin therapy may represent a potentially useful primary prevention strategy for CVD in HIV-infected individuals, as this class of drugs lowers lipid levels and may simultaneously reduce immune activation and inflammation. REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) is a large, multicenter study funded by the National Institutes of Health. REPRIEVE will test whether pitavastatin, a newer statin that does not have substantial interactions with antiretroviral drugs, can prevent vascular events over time among HIV-infected individuals who do not have known CVD. This study is now open to enrollment at sites throughout the United States and abroad and will hopefully provide definitive data on this important question.
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Andaki ACR, Tinôco ALA, Mendes EL, Andaki Júnior R, Hills AP, Amorim PRS. Anthropometry and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in children. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2287-94. [PMID: 24063585 PMCID: PMC10282609 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001300253x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of anthropometric measures and physical activity level in the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with children from public and private schools. Children underwent an anthropometric assessment, blood pressure measurement and biochemical evaluation of serum for determination of TAG, HDL-cholesterol and glucose. Physical activity level was calculated and number of steps per day obtained using a pedometer for seven consecutive days. SETTING Viçosa, south-eastern Brazil. SUBJECTS Boys and girls (n 187), mean age 9·90 (SD 0·7) years. RESULTS Conicity index, sum of four skinfolds, physical activity level and number of steps per day were accurate in predicting MetS in boys. Anthropometric indicators were accurate in predicting MetS for girls, specifically BMI, waist circumference measured at the narrowest point and at the level of the umbilicus, four skinfold thickness measures evaluated separately, the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, the sum of four skinfolds and body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS The sum of four skinfolds was the most accurate method in predicting MetS in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alynne Christian Ribeiro Andaki
- Nutrition and Health Department, Viçosa Federal University, DNS – Prédio CCBII, Sexto andar, Lab. 47 – Campus UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Adelson Luiz Araújo Tinôco
- Nutrition and Health Department, Viçosa Federal University, DNS – Prédio CCBII, Sexto andar, Lab. 47 – Campus UFV, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000 Brazil
| | - Edmar Lacerda Mendes
- Sport Science Department, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Andrew P Hills
- Mater Mother's Hospital, Mater Medical Research Institute and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Grinspoon SK. Cardiovascular disease in HIV: traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Top Antivir Med 2014; 22:676-679. [PMID: 25398068 PMCID: PMC6148851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new paradigm for atherogenesis in HIV infection is emerging, in which viral replication and microbial translocation result in ongoing T-cell and monocyte activation, with persistent inflammation leading to the development of atypical, high-risk morphology plaques. These plaques, characterized by low attenuation and positive remodeling, can be found even among HIV-infected patients who are at low risk for cardiovascular disease based on traditional risk factors. Prevention of cardiovascular events in HIV infection requires modulation of traditional risk factors and is also likely to require effective antiinflammatory treatment strategies. Statins, which are traditionally used to treat dyslipidemia, have also been shown to exert antiinflammatory effects associated with clinical benefit and may be useful to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients. However, large-scale studies of statins in the context of HIV infection must be conducted. This article summarizes a presentation by Steven K. Grinspoon, MD, at the IAS-USA continuing education program held in Chicago, Illinois, in May 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Grinspoon
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Boston, MA, USA
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Ponce X, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Mundo-Rosas V, Shamah T, Barquera S, de Cossio TG. Dietary quality indices vary with sociodemographic variables and anthropometric status among Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study. Results from the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1717-28. [PMID: 24124890 PMCID: PMC10282364 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dietary quality of Mexican adults' diet, we constructed three dietary quality indices: a cardioprotective index (CPI), a micronutrient adequacy index (MAI) and a dietary diversity index (DDI). DESIGN Data were derived from the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey, which is a national survey representative of the Mexican population with a stratified, multistage, probabilistic sample design. Dietary intake was assessed from an FFQ with 101 different foods and daily nutrient intakes were computed. The CPI evaluated compliance with seven WHO recommendations for the prevention of CVD, the MAI evaluated the intake of six micronutrients based on the estimated average requirements from the US Institute of Medicine and the DDI was constructed based on the consumption of thirty different food groups. SETTINGS Mexico. SUBJECTS Mexican adults aged 19-59 years old. RESULTS We evaluated the diet of 15 675 males and females. Adjusted means and adjusted proportions by age and sex were computed to predict adherence to dietary recommendations. Rural inhabitants, those living in the South and those from the lowest socio-economic status reported a significantly higher CPI (4·5 (se 0·08), 4·3 (se 0·08) and 4·2 (se 0·09), respectively; P < 0·05), but a significantly lower MAI and DDI, compared with urban inhabitants, those from the North and those of upper socio-economic status (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The constructed diet quality indices identify nutrients and foods whose recommended intakes are not adequately consumed by the population. Given the epidemiological and nutritional transition that Mexico is experiencing, the CPI is the most relevant index and its components should be considered in Mexican dietary guidelines as well as in any food and nutrition programmes developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xochitl Ponce
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México CP 62508
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México CP 62508
| | - Verónica Mundo-Rosas
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México CP 62508
| | - Teresa Shamah
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México CP 62508
| | - Simón Barquera
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México CP 62508
| | - Teresa González de Cossio
- Research Center on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México CP 62508
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Gu W, Shen J, Ma X. Fabrication and electrical properties of MoS2 nanodisc-based back-gated field effect transistors. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:100. [PMID: 24576344 PMCID: PMC3943990 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an attractive alternative semiconductor material for next-generation low-power nanoelectronic applications, due to its special structure and large bandgap. Here, we report the fabrication of large-area MoS2 nanodiscs and their incorporation into back-gated field effect transistors (FETs) whose electrical properties we characterize. The MoS2 nanodiscs, fabricated via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are homogeneous and continuous, and their thickness of around 5 nm is equal to a few layers of MoS2. In addition, we find that the MoS2 nanodisc-based back-gated field effect transistors with nickel electrodes achieve very high performance. The transistors exhibit an on/off current ratio of up to 1.9 × 105, and a maximum transconductance of up to 27 μS (5.4 μS/μm). Moreover, their mobility is as high as 368 cm2/Vs. Furthermore, the transistors have good output characteristics and can be easily modulated by the back gate. The electrical properties of the MoS2 nanodisc transistors are better than or comparable to those values extracted from single and multilayer MoS2 FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Gu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 1# Kerui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Jiaoyan Shen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 1# Kerui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Xiying Ma
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 1# Kerui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
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Abstract
Most researches related to pregnancy complications and future cardiovascular disease, and their risk factors have been equivocal. Existence and extent of these complications, as a contributing factor to CVD risks, with underlying mechanisms of these associations, still remain uncertain. Hence, the current study tends to examine associations between "complicated pregnancies" with obesity markers known to be coherent reflections of cardiovascular health in urban women. A cross-sectional sample of 631 Punjabi Khatri (mean age: 33 ± 5.58 years) urban women was studied for associations of pregnancy diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders, preterm delivery, and size for GA with calculated 10-year CVD risk (based on the Framingham score). A wide range of obesity markers (BMI, waist circumference (WC), WHR, and WHtR) were measured 3-8 years postpregnancy to determine its association with complications during pregnancy. The association with the calculated 10-year CVD risk (≥10 %) based on the Framingham prediction score was 3.01 OR (2.11-3.72 CI) for pregnancy DM, 4.52 (3.68-4.93 CI) for preeclampsia/gestational hypertension, 2.16 (2.01-2.79 CI) for size at GA (SGA and LGA), 2.25 (1.91-2.85 CI) for preterm births, and 2.48 (2.08-3.98 CI) for abnormal birth weight when compared with women without pregnancy diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia/gestational hypertension, appropriate gestational age, full-term babies, and normal birth weight, respectively, in completely adjusted models. Therefore, HDP, pregnancy diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes are all associated with an increased risk of CVD 10 years later. Pregnancy may provide an opportunity to identify women at increased risk of CVD relatively early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Bhasin
- Obesity Research Unit, Physiological Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India,
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Aung MN, Yuasa M, Lorga T, Moolphate S, Fukuda H, Kitajima T, Yokokawa H, Minematsu K, Tanimura S, Hiratsuka Y, Ono K, Naunboonruang P, Thinuan P, Kawai S, Suya Y, Chumvicharana S, Marui E. Evidence-based new service package vs. routine service package for smoking cessation to prevent high risk patients from cardiovascular diseases ( CVD): study protocol for randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:419. [PMID: 24308874 PMCID: PMC4028806 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation is a high-priority intervention to prevent CVD events and deaths in developing countries. While several interventions to stop smoking have been proved successful, the question of how to increase their effectiveness and practicality in developing countries remains. In this study, a newly devised evidence-based smoking cessation service package will be compared with the existing service in a randomized controlled trial within the community setting of Thailand. METHOD/DESIGN This randomized control trial will recruit 440 current smokers at CVD risk because of being diabetic and/or hypertensive. Informed, consented participants will be randomly allocated into the new service-package arm and the routine service arm. The study will take place in the non-communicable disease clinics of the Maetha District Hospital, Lampang, northern Thailand. The new smoking-cessation service-package comprises (1) regular patient motivation and coaching from the same primary care nurse over a 3-month period; (2) monthly application of piCO + smokerlyzer to sustain motivation of smoker's quitting attempt and provide positive feedback over a 3-month period; (3) assistance by an assigned family member; (4) nicotine replacement chewing gum to relieve withdrawal symptoms. This new service will be compared with the traditional routine service comprising the 5A approach in a 1-year follow-up. Participants who consent to participate in the study but refuse to attempt quitting smoking will be allocated to the non-randomized arm, where they will be just followed up and monitored. Primary outcome of the study is smoking cessation rate at 1-year follow-up proven by breath analysis measuring carbomonoxide in parts per million in expired air. Secondary outcomes are smoking cessation rate at the 6-month follow-up, blood pressure and heart rate, CVD risk according to the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score, CVD events and deaths at the 12-month follow-up, and the cost-effectiveness of the health service packages. Intention-to-treat analysis will be followed. Factors influencing smoking cessation will be analyzed by the structure equation model. DISCUSSION This multicomponent intervention, accessible at primary healthcare clinics, and focusing on the individual as well as the family and social environment, is unique and expected to work effectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN89315117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Nyein Aung
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Boromrajonani College of Nursing Nakhon Lampang (BCNLP), Lampang, Thailand
| | - Motoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Thaworn Lorga
- Boromrajonani College of Nursing Nakhon Lampang (BCNLP), Lampang, Thailand
| | - Saiyud Moolphate
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kitajima
- Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies, Kyorin University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hirohide Yokokawa
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Minematsu
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshimune Hiratsuka
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Koichi Ono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Payom Thinuan
- Boromrajonani College of Nursing Nakhon Lampang (BCNLP), Lampang, Thailand
| | - Sachio Kawai
- Department of Sport Medicine, Juntendo University School of Health and Sport Science, Inba, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiji Marui
- Department of Human Arts Sciences, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
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Mercuri A, Turchi S, Borghini A, Chiesa MR, Lazzerini G, Musacchio L, Zirilli O, Andreassi MG. Nitrogen biobank for cardiovascular research. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 9:253-9. [PMID: 23909635 PMCID: PMC3780350 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x113099990035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobanks play a crucial role in "-Omics" research providing well-annotated samples to study major diseases, their pathways and mechanisms. Accordingly, there are major efforts worldwide to professionalize biobanks in order to provide high quality preservation and storage of biological samples with potentially greater scientific impact. Biobanks are an important resource to elucidate relevant disease mechanisms as well as to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of both pediatric and adult cardiovascular disease. High-quality biological sample collections housed in specialized bio-repositories are needed to discover new genetic factors and molecular mechanisms of congenital heart disease and inherited cardiomyopathies in order to prevent the potential risk of having a fatal cardiac condition as well as to facilitate rational drug design around molecular diseases (personalized medicine). Biological samples are also required to improve the understanding the environmental mechanisms of heart disease (environmental cardiology). The goal of this paper is to focus on preanalytical issues (informed consent, sample type, time of collection, temperature and processing procedure) related to collection of biological samples for research purposes. In addition, the paper provides an overview of the efforts made recently by our Institute in designing and implementing a high-security liquid nitrogen storage system (-196°C). We described the implementations of reliable preservation technologies and appropriate quality control (the right temperature, the right environment, fully traceable with all possible back-up systems) in order to ensure maximum security for personnel as well as the quality and suitability of the stored samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Turchi
- U.O. Biobank, CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Borghini
- U.O. Biobank, CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Guido Lazzerini
- U.O. Biobank, CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ottavio Zirilli
- U.O. Biobank, CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
With the rise in obesity epidemic primary hypertension (PH) is now one of the most common chronic diseases in adolescence. In contrast to hypertensive adults, hypertensive children usually are not exposed to other comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease and atherosclerosis. Thus, PH in children and adolescents can be treated as the early stage of development of cardiovascular disease. There is increasing amount of data indicating that PH is not only hemodynamic phenomenon but a complex syndrome involving disturbed activity of sympathetic nervous system, metabolic abnormalities and activation of innate and adaptive immune system. We discuss results of the studies on clinical, metabolic and immunological phenotype of hypertensive children, associations between metabolic and immunological abnormalities with target organ damage and results of antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Litwin
- Department of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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Santisteban MM, Zubcevic J, Baekey DM, Raizada MK. Dysfunctional brain-bone marrow communication: a paradigm shift in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 15:377-89. [PMID: 23715920 PMCID: PMC3714364 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the pathophysiology of hypertension involves autonomic nervous system dysfunction, as well as a multitude of immune responses. However, the close interplay of these systems in the development and establishment of high blood pressure and its associated pathophysiology remains elusive and is the subject of extensive investigation. It has been proposed that an imbalance of the neuro-immune systems is a result of an enhancement of the "proinflammatory sympathetic" arm in conjunction with dampening of the "anti-inflammatory parasympathetic" arm of the autonomic nervous system. In addition to the neuronal modulation of the immune system, it is proposed that key inflammatory responses are relayed back to the central nervous system and alter the neuronal communication to the periphery. The overall objective of this review is to critically discuss recent advances in the understanding of autonomic immune modulation, and propose a unifying hypothesis underlying the mechanisms leading to the development and maintenance of hypertension, with particular emphasis on the bone marrow, as it is a crucial meeting point for neural, immune, and vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Santisteban
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - David M. Baekey
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Lu CM, Hsu HF, Lu KC. Growth of single-crystalline cobalt silicide nanowires and their field emission property. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:308. [PMID: 23819795 PMCID: PMC3710505 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, cobalt silicide nanowires were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition processes on Si (100) substrates with anhydrous cobalt chloride (CoCl2) as precursors. Processing parameters, including the temperature of Si (100) substrates, the gas flow rate, and the pressure of reactions were varied and studied; additionally, the physical properties of the cobalt silicide nanowires were measured. It was found that single-crystal CoSi nanowires were grown at 850°C ~ 880°C and at a lower gas flow rate, while single-crystal Co2Si nanowires were grown at 880°C ~ 900°C. The crystal structure and growth direction were identified, and the growth mechanism was proposed as well. This study with field emission measurements demonstrates that CoSi nanowires are attractive choices for future applications in field emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Fu Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Chiu WL, Chiu CH, Chen JY, Huang CW, Huang YT, Lu KC, Hsin CL, Yeh PH, Wu WW. Single-crystalline δ-Ni2Si nanowires with excellent physical properties. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:290. [PMID: 23782805 PMCID: PMC3691636 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report the synthesis of single-crystalline nickel silicide nanowires (NWs) via chemical vapor deposition method using NiCl2·6H2O as a single-source precursor. Various morphologies of δ-Ni2Si NWs were successfully acquired by controlling the growth conditions. The growth mechanism of the δ-Ni2Si NWs was thoroughly discussed and identified with microscopy studies. Field emission measurements show a low turn-on field (4.12 V/μm), and magnetic property measurements show a classic ferromagnetic characteristic, which demonstrates promising potential applications for field emitters, magnetic storage, and biological cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lun Hsin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Tao Yuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hung Yeh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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Ibrahim I, Zhang Y, Popov A, Dunsch L, Büchner B, Cuniberti G, Rümmeli MH. Growth of all-carbon horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes nucleated from fullerene-based structures. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:265. [PMID: 23742117 PMCID: PMC3685564 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
All-carbon single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were successfully synthesized, nucleated using a fullerene derivative. A systematic investigation into the initial preparation of C60 fullerenes as growth nucleators for the SWCNTs was conducted. Enhancement in the yield of the produced SWCNT has been achieved with exploring different dispersing media for the fullerenes, the period, and environment of the initial thermal treatment of the fullerenes in addition to the use of different fullerene-based structures. The systematic studies significantly advance our understanding of the growth of the all-carbon catalyst-free single-walled carbon nanotubes. Field-effect transistors were fabricated using the catalyst-free SWCNT and then electrically characterized, showing current capacity as high as the well-studied catalyst-assisted nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Ibrahim
- IFW-Dresden e.V., PF 270116, Dresden 01171, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Yang Zhang
- IFW-Dresden e.V., PF 270116, Dresden 01171, Germany
| | - Alexey Popov
- IFW-Dresden e.V., PF 270116, Dresden 01171, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Büchner
- IFW-Dresden e.V., PF 270116, Dresden 01171, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- IFW-Dresden e.V., PF 270116, Dresden 01171, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
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Doycheva I, Patel N, Peterson M, Loomba R. Prognostic implication of liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:293-300. [PMID: 23312215 PMCID: PMC4167586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently coexist due to shared risk factors. Their rising prevalence parallels the growing epidemic of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). In patients with T2DM and biopsy-proven NAFLD, a significantly higher prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (63-87%), any fibrosis (22-60%), and advanced fibrosis (4-9%) is noted. Possible risk factors for more advanced liver disease include concomitant metabolic syndrome with three or more components, visceral obesity, older age, increased duration of diabetes, and family history of diabetes. Liver biopsy is strongly suggested in these patients. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and malignancy are the leading causes of death in this population, but a growing body of evidence shows liver-related mortality as an important cause of death, including an increased rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in diabetes. The presence of NAFLD in T2DM is also associated with increased overall mortality. We aim with this review to summarize the results from studies investigating NAFLD in T2DM and to outline the factors that predict more advanced liver histology as well as the impact of these hepatic changes on CVD, overall and liver-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Doycheva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Niraj Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Peterson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Corresponding author. Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel.: +1 858 534 2624; fax: +1 858 534 3338. (R. Loomba). URL: http://fattyliver.ucsd.edu (R. Loomba)
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