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Zhu Z, Huang F, Gao M, Liu M, Zhang Y, Tang L, Wu J, Yu H, He C, Chen J, Yang Z, Chen Z, Li Y, Chen H, Lei T, Zeng F, Cui Y. Osteogenic-Like Microenvironment of Renal Interstitium Induced by Osteomodulin Contributes to Randall's Plaque Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405875. [PMID: 39225583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones are common and recurrent, lacking pharmacological prevention. Randall's plaques (RPs), calcium deposits in renal papillae, serve as niduses for some CaOx stones. This study explores the role of osteogenic-like cells in RP formation resembling ossification. CaP crystals deposit around renal tubules, interstitium, and blood vessels in RP tissues. Human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) exhibit the highest osteogenic-like differentiation potential compared to chloride voltage-gated channel Ka positive tubular epithelial cells, aquaporin 2 positive collecting duct cells, and vascular endothelial cells, echoing the upregulated osteogenic markers primarily in hRIFs within RP tissues. Utilizing RNA-seq, osteomodulin (OMD) is found to be upregulated in hRIFs within RP tissues and hRIFs following osteogenic induction. Furthermore, OMD colocalizes with CaP crystals and calcium vesicles within RP tissues. OMD can enhance osteogenic-like differentiation of hRIFs in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, crystal deposits are attenuated in mice with Omd deletion in renal interstitial fibroblasts following CaOx nephrocalcinosis induction. Mechanically, a positive feedback loop of OMD/BMP2/BMPR1A/RUNX2/OMD drives hRIFs to adopt osteogenic-like fates, by which OMD induces osteogenic-like microenvironment of renal interstitium to participate in RP formation. We identify OMD upregulation as a pathological feature of RP, paving the way for preventing CaOx stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Youjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhongqing Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ting Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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Zhao W, von Kroge S, Jadzic J, Milovanovic P, Sihota P, Luther J, Brylka L, von Brackel FN, Bockamp E, Busse B, Amling M, Schinke T, Yorgan TA. Osteomodulin deficiency in mice causes a specific reduction of transversal cortical bone size. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:1025-1041. [PMID: 38722812 PMCID: PMC11301521 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal growth, modeling, and remodeling are regulated by various molecules, one of them being the recently identified osteoanabolic factor WNT1. We have previously reported that WNT1 transcriptionally activates the expression of Omd, encoding Osteomodulin (OMD), in a murine mesenchymal cell line, which potentially explained the skeletal fragility of mice with mutational WNT1 inactivation, since OMD has been shown to regulate type I collagen fibril formation in vitro. In this study we confirmed the strong induction of Omd expression in a genome-wide expression analysis of transfected cells, and we obtained further evidence for Omd being a direct target gene of WNT1. To assess the in vivo relevance of this regulation, we crossed Omd-deficient mice with a mouse line harboring an inducible, osteoblast-specific Wnt1 transgene. After induction of Wnt1 expression for 1 or 3 weeks, the osteoanabolic potency of WNT1 was not impaired despite the Omd deficiency. Since current knowledge regarding the in vivo physiological function of OMD is limited, we next focused on skeletal phenotyping of wild-type and Omd-deficient littermates, in the absence of a Wnt1 transgene. Here we did not observe an impact of Omd deficiency on trabecular bone parameters by histomorphometry and μCT either. Importantly, however, male and female Omd-deficient mice at the ages of 12 and 24 weeks displayed a slender bone phenotype with significantly smaller long bones in the transversal dimension, while the longitudinal bone growth remained unaffected. Although mechanical testing revealed no significant changes explained by impaired bone material properties, atomic force microscopy of the femoral bone surface of Omd-deficient mice revealed moderate changes at the nanostructural level, indicating altered regulation of collagen fibril formation and aggregation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that, although OMD is dispensable for the osteoanabolic effect of WNT1, its deficiency in mice specifically modulates transversal cortical bone morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon von Kroge
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Jadzic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Praveer Sihota
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Luther
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Brylka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N von Brackel
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur A Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Jabari E, Choe RH, Kuzemchak B, Venable-Croft A, Choi JY, McLoughlin S, Packer JD, Fisher JP. Strategies for the Codelivery of Osteoclasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D-Printable Osteochondral Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:323-334. [PMID: 39078319 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2024.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects, characterized by structural compromises to articular cartilage and subchondral bone, can cause pain and lead to progressive cartilage damage and eventual osteoarthritis. Unfortunately, repairing these defects remains difficult because of the poor regenerative properties of cartilage and complex mechanical demands of the joint. As such, the field of tissue engineering aims to develop multiphasic implants that replace pathological cartilage and bone tissue and restore mechanical functionality to the joint. Recent bone physiology investigations have demonstrated that osteoclast (OC) lineage cells are inextricably involved in osteoblastic bone formation through an extensive network of anabolic signaling pathways, and so the codelivery OC and osteoblast (OB) lineage cells within scaffolds is being actively explored for bone tissue engineering purposes. However, it remains unclear how these cells can be incorporated into the design of multiphasic osteochondral scaffolds to potentially enhance subchondral bone formation and subsequent implant osseointegration. To explore this question, we examined direct surface seeding and hydrogel encapsulation as potential scaffold cellularization strategies. First, we examined how OC precursor cells and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) influence early-stage bone matrix development and osteogenesis in 2D coculture. Then, we evaluated the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and PBMCs cocultures encapsulated within a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel system. Our findings demonstrate that coculturing PBMCs with MSCs in 2D cultures significantly enhanced cell proliferation, early bone matrix deposition, and the formation of cell clusters by Day 28. However, we observed no significant difference in type I collagen deposition between GelMA hydrogel scaffolds cultured in basal and OC conditions during the same period. In addition, we found that the GelMA hydrogel system with MSC/PBMC cocultures in OC conditions exhibited decreased osteogenic activity by Day 28. Collectively, our findings support the osteogenic potential of OC-lineage cells in 2D culture conditions, and the potential benefits of surface-seeding for the codelivery of OC-lineage cells and MSCs in osteo-scaffolds for enhanced osteochondral regeneration and broader bone tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Jabari
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H Choe
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Blake Kuzemchak
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Alejandro Venable-Croft
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon McLoughlin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Packer
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Zappia J, Tong Q, Van der Cruyssen R, Cornelis FMF, Lambert C, Pinto Coelho T, Grisart J, Kague E, Lories RJ, Muller M, Elewaut D, Hammond CL, Sanchez C, Henrotin Y. Osteomodulin downregulation is associated with osteoarthritis development. Bone Res 2023; 11:49. [PMID: 37730805 PMCID: PMC10511717 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling leading to sclerosis is a main feature of osteoarthritis (OA), and osteomodulin (OMD), a proteoglycan involved in extracellular matrix mineralization, is associated with the sclerotic phenotype. However, the functions of OMD remain poorly understood, specifically in vivo. We used Omd knockout and overexpressing male mice and mutant zebrafish to study its roles in bone and cartilage metabolism and in the development of OA. The expression of Omd is deeply correlated with bone and cartilage microarchitectures affecting the bone volume and the onset of subchondral bone sclerosis and spontaneous cartilage lesions. Mechanistically, OMD binds to RANKL and inhibits osteoclastogenesis, thus controlling the balance of bone remodeling. In conclusion, OMD is a key factor in subchondral bone sclerosis associated with OA. It participates in bone and cartilage homeostasis by acting on the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Targeting OMD may be a promising new and personalized approach for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Qiao Tong
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Renée Van der Cruyssen
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederique M F Cornelis
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cécile Lambert
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tiago Pinto Coelho
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Nephrology, CHU of Liège, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rik J Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratoire d'Organogenèse et Régénération, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Artialis SA, Tour GIGA, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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5
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Hynek R, Michalus I, Cejnar P, Šantrůček J, Seidlová S, Kučková Š, Sázelová P, Kašička V. In-bone protein digestion followed by LC-MS/MS peptide analysis as a new way towards the routine proteomic characterization of human maxillary and mandibular bone tissue in oral surgery. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2552-2562. [PMID: 34453862 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic characterization of alveolar bones in oral surgery represents an analytical challenge due to their insoluble character. The implementation of a straightforward technique could lead to the routine use of proteomics in this field. This work thus developed a simple technique for the characterization of bone tissue for human maxillary and mandibular bones. It is based on the direct in-bone tryptic digestion of proteins in both healthy and pathological human maxillary and mandibular bone samples. The released peptides were then identified by the LC-MS/MS. Using this approach, a total of 1120 proteins were identified in the maxillary bone and 1151 proteins in the mandibular bone. The subsequent partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) of protein data made it possible to reach 100% discrimination between the samples of healthy alveolar bones and those of the bone tissue surrounding the inflammatory focus. These results indicate that the in-bone protein digestion followed by the LC-MS/MS and subsequent statistical analysis can provide a deeper insight into the field of oral surgery at the molecular level. Furthermore, it could also have a diagnostic potential in the differentiation between the proteomic patterns of healthy and pathological alveolar bone tissue. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD026775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Michalus
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, Prague 2, 121 08, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Cejnar
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Seidlová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Kučková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sázelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo 542/2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo 542/2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
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Mok CH, MacLeod JN. Kinetics of Gene Expression Changes in Equine Fetal Interzone and Anlagen Cells Over 14 Days of Induced Chondrogenesis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722324. [PMID: 34434986 PMCID: PMC8380811 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within developing synovial joints, interzone and anlagen cells progress through divergent chondrogenic pathways to generate stable articular cartilage and transient hypertrophic anlagen cartilage, respectively. Understanding the comparative cell biology between interzone and anlagen cells may provide novel insights into emergent cell-based therapies to support articular cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of gene expression profiles in these skeletal cell lines after inducing chondrogenesis in culture. Interzone and anlagen cells from seven equine fetuses were isolated and grown in a TGF-β1 chondrogenic inductive medium. Total RNA was isolated at ten time points (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 168, and 336 h), and gene expression for 93 targeted gene loci was measured in a microfluidic RT-qPCR system. Differential transcriptional responses were observed as early as 1.5 h after the initiation of chondrogenesis. Genes with functional annotations that include transcription regulation responded to the chondrogenic stimulation earlier (1.5–96 h) than genes involved in signal transduction (1.5–336 h) and the extracellular matrix biology (3–336 h). Between interzone and anlagen cell cultures, expression levels of 73 out of the 93 targeted genes were not initially different at 0 h, but 47 out of the 73 genes became differentially expressed under the chondrogenic stimulation. While interzone and anlagen cells are both chondrogenic, they display clear differences in response to the same TGF-β1 chondrogenic stimulation. This study provides new molecular insight into a timed sequence of the divergent developmental fates of interzone and anlagen cells in culture over 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Mok
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James N MacLeod
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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7
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Teixeira SA, Marques DBD, Costa TC, Oliveira HC, Costa KA, Carrara ER, da Silva W, Guimarães JD, Neves MM, Ibelli AMG, Cantão ME, Ledur MC, Peixoto JO, Guimarães SEF. Transcription Landscape of the Early Developmental Biology in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051443. [PMID: 34069910 PMCID: PMC8157595 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since pre- and postnatal development are programmed during early prenatal life, studies addressing the complete transcriptional landscape during organogenesis are needed. Therefore, we aimed to disentangle differentially expressed (DE) genes between fetuses (at 35 days old) and embryos (at 25 days old) through RNA-sequencing analysis using the pig as model. In total, 1705 genes were DE, including the top DE IBSP, COL6A6, HBE1, HBZ, HBB, and NEUROD6 genes, which are associated with developmental transition from embryos to fetuses, such as ossification, skeletal muscle development, extracellular matrix organization, cardiovascular system, erythrocyte differentiation, and neuronal system. In pathway analysis, embryonic development highlighted those mainly related to morphogenic signaling and cell interactions, which are crucial for transcriptional control during the establishment of the main organs in early prenatal development, while pathways related to myogenesis, neuronal development, and cardiac and striated muscle contraction were enriched for fetal development, according to the greater complexity of organs and body structures at this developmental stage. Our findings provide an exploratory and informative transcriptional landscape of pig organogenesis, which might contribute to further studies addressing specific developmental events in pigs and in other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A. Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
| | - Daniele B. D. Marques
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
| | - Thaís C. Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
| | - Haniel C. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
| | - Karine A. Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
| | - Eula R. Carrara
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
| | - Walmir da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
| | - José D. Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Mariana M. Neves
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Adriana M. G. Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concordia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (M.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Maurício E. Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concordia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (M.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Mônica C. Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concordia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (M.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Jane O. Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concordia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (M.E.C.); (M.C.L.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Simone E. F. Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (S.A.T.); (D.B.D.M.); (T.C.C.); (H.C.O.); (K.A.C.); (E.R.C.); (W.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-36124671
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Osteomodulin positively regulates osteogenesis through interaction with BMP2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:147. [PMID: 33542209 PMCID: PMC7862363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteomodulin (OMD), a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, distributes in mineralized tissues and is positively regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). However, the exact function of OMD during mineralization and its association with BMP2 remain poorly understood. Herein, the expression pattern of OMD during osteogenesis was investigated in human dental pulp stem cells. Silencing OMD gene significantly suppressed the alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule formation and osteogenesis-associated gene transcription. Besides, OMD could enhance BMP2-induced expression of SP7 and RUNX2 with concentration dependence in vitro. Rat mandibular bone defect model revealed that scaffolds injected with the combination of OMD and suboptimal BMP2 exhibited more mature and abundant mineralized bone than that treated with OMD or suboptimal BMP2 alone. Mechanistically, OMD could bind to BMP2 via its terminal leucine-rich repeats and formed complexes with BMP2 and its membrane receptors, thus promoting BMP/SMAD signal transduction. In addition, OMD was a putative target gene of SMAD4, which plays a pivotal role in this pathway. Collectively, these data elucidate that OMD may act as a positive coordinator in osteogenesis through BMP2/SMADs signaling.
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9
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Jensen MM, Karring H. The origins and developments of sulfation-prone tyrosine-rich and acidic N- and C-terminal extensions of class ll and lll small leucine-rich repeat proteins shed light on connective tissue evolution in vertebrates. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:73. [PMID: 32576155 PMCID: PMC7310474 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small leucine-rich repeat protein (SLRP) family members contain conserved leucine-rich repeat motifs flanked by highly variable N- and C-terminal regions. Most class II and III SLRPs have tyrosine-rich N-terminal regions and some of these are sulfated. However, the evolutionary origin and conservation of the tyrosine-rich and acidic terminal regions remain undetermined. In this study, we present the most comprehensive multiple sequence alignment (MSA) analyses of all eight class II and III SLRPs to date. Based on the level of conservation of tyrosine residues and adjacent sequences, we predict which tyrosine residues are most likely to be sulfated in the terminal regions of human class II and III SLRPs. Results Using this novel approach, we predict a total of 22 tyrosine sulfation sites in human SLRPs, of which only 8 sites had been experimentally identified in mammals. Our analyses suggest that sulfation-prone, tyrosine-rich and acidic terminal regions of the class II and III SLRPs emerged via convergent evolution at different stages of vertebrate evolution, coinciding with significant evolutionary events including the development of endochondral bones and articular cartilage, the aquatic to terrestrial transition, and the formation of an amnion. Conclusions Our study suggests that selective pressures due to changes in life conditions led to the formation of sulfotyrosine-rich and acidic terminal regions. We believe the independent emergence and evolution of sulfotyrosine-rich and acidic N- and C-terminal regions have provided each class II and III SLRP member with novel vital functions required to develop new specialized extracellular matrices and tissues in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten M Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Karring
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
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10
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Deciphering the potential pharmaceutical mechanism of Guzhi Zengsheng Zhitongwan on rat bone and kidney based on the "kidney governing bone" theory. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:146. [PMID: 32295616 PMCID: PMC7161198 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guzhi Zengsheng Zhitongwan (GZZSZTW) is an effective Chinese medicinal formulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) designed according to the "kidney governing bone" theory, which has been widely used as a golden guide for treating bone and cartilage diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism underlying its effects on the bone and kidney. METHODS Preparation and quality control were performed as previously described. Since GZZSZTW is orally administered in the form of pills prepared in boiled water, the Chinese materia medica (CMM) mixture of this formula was extracted with distilled water by a reflux method and was then filtered through a 0.45-μm Hollow Fiber Cartridge (GE Healthcare, USA). The filtrate was freeze-dried by a Heto PowerDry LL3000 Freeze Dryer (Thermo, USA) and stored at - 80 °C. The effects of GZZSZTW on gene expression and regulation of both kidney and bone tissues were investigated using a state-of-the-art RNA-seq technology. RESULTS We demonstrated that GZZSZTW could enhance kidney function and suppress bone formation and resorption by modulating the activities of osteoblast and osteoclast, and might subsequently contribute to the inhibition of osteophyte formation during the process of OA. These effects might be achieved by the synergistic interactions of various herbs and their active components in GZZSZTW, which increased the expression levels of functional genes participating in kidney function, regulation, and repair, and then decreased the expression levels of genes involved in bone formation and resorption. Thus, our findings were consistent with the "kidney governing bone" theory, which has been widely used as a guide in clinical practice for thousands of years. CONCLUSIONS This study has deepened the current knowledge about the molecular effects of GZZSZTW on bone and kidney regulation. Furthermore, this study might be able to provide possible strategies to further prevent and treat joint diseases by using traditional Chinese medicinal formulations following the "kidney governing bone" theory.
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11
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Maver U, Xhanari K, Žižek M, Gradišnik L, Repnik K, Potočnik U, Finšgar M. Carboxymethyl cellulose/diclofenac bioactive coatings on AISI 316LVM for controlled drug delivery, and improved osteogenic potential. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Zhu B, Xue F, Zhang C, Li G. LMCD1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells by regulating BMP signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:647. [PMID: 31501411 PMCID: PMC6733937 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are heterogeneous progenitor cells with two defining features, self-renew and multi-lineage differentiation. As one of the differentiation directions, osteogenesis is vital for bone homeostasis. A growing body of evidences show that ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation plays an essential role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In this study, we found that LMCD1 was upregulated during osteogenic differentiation process of BMSCs by analyzing GSE80614. In vitro and in vivo functional studies confirmed that LMCD1 was critical to the osteogenic commitment of BMSCs. Compared to those of the controls, downregulation of LMCD1 significantly restrained osteogenic differentiation and enhanced adipogenic differentiation, while upregulation of LMCD1 increased the osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Mechanically, we found that LMCD1 could protect RUNX2 and Smad1 protein from Smurf1-induced ubiquitination degradation thereby regulating BMP signaling. In conclusion, our findings suggest that LMCD1 is a novel regulator of osteogenic differentiation and may be a potential therapeutic target for bone metabolism related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO.600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO.600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO.600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guangyi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, NO.600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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13
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de Wildt BW, Ansari S, Sommerdijk NA, Ito K, Akiva A, Hofmann S. From bone regeneration to three-dimensional in vitro models: tissue engineering of organized bone extracellular matrix. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Ghannadian P, Moxley JW, Machado de Paula MM, Lobo AO, Webster TJ. Micro-Nanofibrillar Polycaprolactone Scaffolds as Translatable Osteoconductive Grafts for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Defects without Infection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1566-1578. [PMID: 34996207 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of musculoskeletal defects is currently limited by the tissue-regenerative materials available to orthopedic surgeons: autologous bone grafts only have a finite amount of harvestable material within a given patient, while allografts are prone to severe immunological complications and host rejection. With this motivation, the production of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds as synthetic, biomimetic biomaterials was investigated, with a specific focus on potential orthopedic translation. PCL scaffolds were produced through three different fabrication techniques: electrospinning (ES), rotary jet spinning (RJS), and airbrush (AB). ES and RJS were observed to produce microfibrillar scaffolds, while all AB products were nanofibrous. Osteoblast viability, within the PCL scaffolds, and the osteogenic phenotype were assessed in vitro through a combination of adherence, metabolic activity, proliferation, gene expression, alkaline phosphatase bioactivity, and calcium deposition assays. While the polymeric scaffolds induced slight reductions in initial osteoblast adhesion and metabolic activity, seeded cells were able to proliferate and demonstrate the bone formation phenotype. AB products demonstrated reduced bacterial surface colonization when inoculated with both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains, in comparison to the microfibrous ES and RJS products, without any small-molecule antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, or reactive nanomaterials included during scaffold synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Ghannadian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Nanomedicine Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - James Walter Moxley
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Nanomedicine Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mirian Michelle Machado de Paula
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, PPGCM-Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Piauí 64949-550, Brazil.,Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, Itaquera, São Paulo 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Thomas Jay Webster
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Nanomedicine Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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15
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Deloch L, Derer A, Hueber AJ, Herrmann M, Schett GA, Wölfelschneider J, Hahn J, Rühle PF, Stillkrieg W, Fuchs J, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US. Low-Dose Radiotherapy Ameliorates Advanced Arthritis in hTNF-α tg Mice by Particularly Positively Impacting on Bone Metabolism. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1834. [PMID: 30279685 PMCID: PMC6153886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and bone erosion are central in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Even though effective medications for control and treatment of RA are available, remission is only seen in a subset of patients. Treatment with low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) which has been already successfully used for amelioration of symptoms in benign diseases should be a promising approach to reduce pain, inflammation, and particularly bone erosion in patients with RA. Even though anti-inflammatory effects of LD-RT are already described with non-linear dose response relationships, and pain-reducing effects have been clinically observed, the underlying mechanisms are widely unknown. Besides immune cells many other cell types, such as fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), osteoclasts, and osteoblast are present in the affected joint and might be modulated by LD-RT. For this study, these cell types were obtained from human tumor necrosis factor-α transgenic (hTNF-α tg) mice and were consecutively exposed to different doses of ionizing radiation (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Gy, respectively) in vitro. In order to study the in vivo effects of LD-RT within the arthritic joint, hind paws of arthritic hTNF-α tg mice were locally irradiated with 0.5 Gy, a single dose per fraction that is known for good clinical responses. Starting at a dose of 0.5 Gy, proliferation of FLS was reduced and apoptosis significantly enhanced with no changes in necrosis. Further, expression of RANK-L was slightly reduced following irradiation with particularly 0.5 Gy. Starting from 0.5 Gy, the numbers of differentiated osteoclasts were significantly reduced, and a lower bone resorbing activity of treated osteoclasts was also observed, as monitored via pit formation and Cross Laps presence. LD-RT had further a positive effect on osteoblast-induced mineralization in a discontinuous dose response relationship with 0.5 Gy being most efficient. An increase of the gene expression ratio of OPG/RANK-L at 0.1 and 0.5 Gy and of production of OPG at 0.5 and 1.0 Gy was observed. In vivo, LD-RT resulted in less severe arthritis in arthritic hTNF-α tg mice and in significant reduction of inflammatory and erosive area with reduced osteoclasts and neutrophils. Locally applied LD-RT can, therefore, induce a beneficial micro-environment within arthritic joints by predominantly positively impacting on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel J Hueber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Andreas Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wölfelschneider
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul-Friedrich Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Willi Stillkrieg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Fuchs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Zavodovskaya R, Stover SM, Murphy BG, Katzman S, Durbin-Johnson B, Britton M, Finno CJ. Bone formation transcripts dominate the differential gene expression profile in an equine osteoporotic condition associated with pulmonary silicosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197459. [PMID: 29856822 PMCID: PMC5983561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has been associated with pulmonary silicosis in California horses exposed to soils rich in cytotoxic silica dioxide crystals, a syndrome termed silicate associated osteoporosis (SAO). The causal mechanism for the development of osteoporosis is unknown. Osteoporotic lesions are primarily located in bone marrow-rich sites such as ribs, scapula and pelvis. Gene transcription patterns within bone marrow and pulmonary lymph nodes of affected horses may offer clues to disease pathobiology. Bone marrow core and tracheobronchial lymph node tissue samples harvested postmortem from affected and unaffected horses were examined histologically and subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Sequenced data were analyzed for differential gene expression and gene ontology. Metatranscriptomic and metagenomic assays evaluated samples for infectious agents. Thirteen of 17 differentially expressed transcripts in bone marrow were linked to bone and cartilage formation such as integrin binding bone sialoprotein (log2FC = 3.39, PFDR = 0.013) and chondroadherin (log2FC = 4.48, PFDR = 0.031). Equus caballus solute carrier family 9, subfamily A2 (log2FC = 3.77, PFDR = 0.0034) was one of the four differentially expressed transcripts linked to osteoclast activity. Osteoblasts were hyperplastic and hypertrophic in bone marrow from affected horses. Biological pathways associated with skeletal morphogenesis were significantly enriched in affected horses. The 30 differentially expressed genes in affected lymph nodes were associated with inflammatory responses. Evidence of infectious agents was not found. The SAO affected bone marrow molecular signature demonstrated increased transcription and heightened activation of osteoblasts. Increased osteoblastic activity could be part of the pathological mechanism for osteoporosis or a compensatory response to the accelerated osteolysis. Transcriptome data offer gene targets for inquiries into the role of osteocytes and osteoblasts in SAO pathogenesis. Viral or bacterial infectious etiology in SAO is less likely based on metatranscriptomic and metagenomic data but cannot be completely ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Zavodovskaya
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Stover
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brian G. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Scott Katzman
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Monica Britton
- UC Davis Genome Center, Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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17
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Lyon SM, Mayampurath A, Song D, Ye J, Januszyk M, Rose Rogers M, Ralston A, Frim DM, He TC, Reid RR. Whole-Proteome Analysis of Human Craniosynostotic Tissue Suggests a Link between Inflammatory Signaling and Osteoclast Activation in Human Cranial Suture Patency. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141:250e-260e. [PMID: 29369995 PMCID: PMC11005862 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis remains poorly understood. The authors seek to understand the cause of this condition with a specific focus on how osteoclasts may contribute to craniosynostosis. Here, the authors characterize proteins differentially expressed in patent and fused cranial sutures by comparing their respective proteomes. METHODS Fused and patent suture samples were obtained from craniosynostotic patients undergoing surgery at a single academic medical center. Extracted protein from samples was interrogated using mass spectrometry. Differential protein expression was determined using maximum likelihood-based G-test with a q-value cutoffs of 0.5 after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Immunolocalization of lead protein candidates was performed to validate proteomic findings. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of corresponding gene expression of proteins of interest was performed. RESULTS Proteins differentially expressed in patent versus fused sutures included collagen 6A1 (Col6A1), fibromodulin, periostin, aggrecan, adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1, and osteomodulin (OMD). Maximum likelihood-based G-test suggested that Col6A1, fibromodulin, and adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 are highly expressed in patent sutures compared with fused sutures, whereas OMD is up-regulated in fused sutures compared with patent sutures. These results were corroborated by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction data point to an inverse relationship in proteins of interest to RNA transcript levels, in prematurely fused and patent sutures that potentially describes a feedback loop mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Proteome analysis validated by immunohistochemistry may provide insight into the mechanism of cranial suture patency and disease from an osteoclast perspective. The authors results suggest a role of inflammatory mediators in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Col6A1 may aid in the regulation of suture patency, and OMD may be involved in premature fusion. Additional validation studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Lyon
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Anoop Mayampurath
- The Computation Institute, The Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dongzhe Song
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jixing Ye
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Januszyk
- The Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. Rose Rogers
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ashley Ralston
- Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David M. Frim
- Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Russell R. Reid
- The Laboratory of Craniofacial Development and Biology, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
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18
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Kuttapitiya A, Assi L, Laing K, Hing C, Mitchell P, Whitley G, Harrison A, Howe FA, Ejindu V, Heron C, Sofat N. Microarray analysis of bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis demonstrates upregulation of genes implicated in osteochondral turnover, neurogenesis and inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1764-1773. [PMID: 28705915 PMCID: PMC5629942 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are well described in osteoarthritis (OA) using MRI and are associated with pain, but little is known about their pathological characteristics and gene expression. We evaluated BMLs using novel tissue analysis tools to gain a deeper understanding of their cellular and molecular expression. Methods We recruited 98 participants, 72 with advanced OA requiring total knee replacement (TKR), 12 with mild OA and 14 non-OA controls. Participants were assessed for pain (using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)) and with a knee MRI (using MOAKS). Tissue was then harvested at TKR for BML analysis using histology and tissue microarray. Results The mean (SD) WOMAC pain scores were significantly increased in advanced OA 59.4 (21.3) and mild OA 30.9 (20.3) compared with controls 0.5 (1.28) (p<0.0001). MOAKS showed all TKR tissue analysed had BMLs, and within these lesions, bone marrow volume was starkly reduced being replaced by dense fibrous connective tissue, new blood vessels, hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. Microarray comparing OA BML and normal bone found a significant difference in expression of 218 genes (p<0.05). The most upregulated genes included stathmin 2, thrombospondin 4, matrix metalloproteinase 13 and Wnt/Notch/catenin/chemokine signalling molecules that are known to constitute neuronal, osteogenic and chondrogenic pathways. Conclusion Our study is the first to employ detailed histological analysis and microarray techniques to investigate knee OA BMLs. BMLs demonstrated areas of high metabolic activity expressing pain sensitisation, neuronal, extracellular matrix and proinflammatory signalling genes that may explain their strong association with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Kuttapitiya
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Lena Assi
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ken Laing
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Hing
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philip Mitchell
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Guy Whitley
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Abiola Harrison
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Franklyn A Howe
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Vivian Ejindu
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christine Heron
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nidhi Sofat
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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19
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Edsberg LE, Crowgey EL, Osborn PM, Wyffels JT. A survey of proteomic biomarkers for heterotopic ossification in blood serum. J Orthop Surg Res 2017; 12:69. [PMID: 28472996 PMCID: PMC5418723 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-017-0567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a significant problem for wounded warriors surviving high-energy blast injuries; however, currently, there is no biomarker panel capable of globally characterizing, diagnosing, and monitoring HO progression. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers for HO using proteomic techniques and blood serum. Methods Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to generate a semi-quantitative global proteomics survey of serum from patients with and without heterotopic ossification. Leveraging the iTRAQ data, a targeted selection reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) assay was developed for 10 protein candidates: alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, alpha-2 type I collagen, collagen alpha-1(V) chain isoform 2 preprotein, bone sialoprotein 2, phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN2, osteomodulin, protein phosphatase 1J, and RRP12-like protein. Results The proteomic survey of serum from both healthy and disease patients includes 1220 proteins and was enriched for proteins involved in the response to elevated platelet Ca+2, wound healing, and extracellular matrix organization. Proteolytic peptides from three of the ten SRM-MS proteins, osteocalcin preprotein, osteomodulin precursor, and collagen alpha-1(v) chain isoform 2 preprotein from serum, are potential clinical biomarkers for HO. Conclusions This study is the first reported SRM-MS analysis of serum from individuals with and without heterotopic ossification, and differences in the serum proteomic profile between healthy and diseased subjects were identified. Furthermore, our results indicate that normal wound healing signals can impact the ability to identify biomarkers, and a multi-protein panel assay, including osteocalcin preproprotein, osteomodulin precursor, and collagen alpha-1(v) chain isoform 2 preprotein, may provide a solution for HO detection and monitoring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13018-017-0567-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Edsberg
- Center for Wound Healing Research, Natural Sciences, Daemen College, Amherst, NY, 14226, USA.
| | - Erin L Crowgey
- Bioinformatics, Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | | | - Jennifer T Wyffels
- Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
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A method for whole protein isolation from human cranial bone. Anal Biochem 2016; 515:33-39. [PMID: 27677936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the dense hydroxyapatite matrix within human bone limits the applicability of conventional protocols for protein extraction. This has hindered the complete and accurate characterization of the human bone proteome thus far, leaving many bone-related disorders poorly understood. We sought to refine an existing method of protein extraction from mouse bone to extract whole proteins of varying molecular weights from human cranial bone. Whole protein was extracted from human cranial suture by mechanically processing samples using a method that limits protein degradation by minimizing heat introduction to proteins. The presence of whole protein was confirmed by western blotting. Mass spectrometry was used to sequence peptides and identify isolated proteins. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003215. Extracted proteins were characterized as both intra- and extracellular and had molecular weights ranging from 9.4 to 629 kDa. High correlation scores among suture protein spectral counts support the reproducibility of the method. Ontology analytics revealed proteins of myriad functions including mediators of metabolic processes and cell organelles. These results demonstrate a reproducible method for isolation of whole protein from human cranial bone, representing a large range of molecular weights, origins and functions.
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21
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Churchman SM, Ponchel F, Boxall SA, Cuthbert R, Kouroupis D, Roshdy T, Giannoudis PV, Emery P, McGonagle D, Jones EA. Transcriptional profile of native CD271+ multipotential stromal cells: evidence for multiple fates, with prominent osteogenic and Wnt pathway signaling activity. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2012; 64:2632-43. [PMID: 22378497 DOI: 10.1002/art.34434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Controversy surrounds the identity and functionality of rare bone marrow-derived multipotential stromal cells (BM-MSCs), including their differentiation capabilities, their relationship to pericytes and hematopoiesis-supporting stromal cells, and the relevance of their culture-expanded progeny in studies of skeletal biology and development of cell-based therapies. The aim of this study was to clarify the nature of candidate BM-MSCs by profiling transcripts that reflect different aspects of their putative functions in vivo. METHODS Rare, sorted BM-derived CD45(-/low) CD271(bright) (CD271) cells were analyzed using 96-gene expression arrays focused on transcripts relevant to mesenchymal-lineage differentiation (toward bone, cartilage, fat, or muscle), hematopoietic and stromal support, and molecules critical to skeletal homeostasis. These cells were compared to matched CD45+ CD271- hematopoietic-lineage cells, culture-expanded MSCs, and skin fibroblasts. When feasible, transcription was validated using flow cytometry. RESULTS CD271 cells had a transcriptional profile consistent with the multiple fates of in vivo MSCs, evident from the observed simultaneous expression of osteogenic, adipogenic, pericytic, and hematopoiesis-supporting genes (e.g., SP7 [osterix], FABP4 [fatty acid binding protein 4], ANGPT1 [angiopoietin 1], and CXCL12 [stromal cell-derived factor 1], respectively). Compared to culture-expanded MSCs and fibroblasts, CD271 cells exhibited greater transcriptional activity, particularly with respect to Wnt-related genes (>1,000-fold increased expression of FRZB [secreted frizzled-related protein 3] and WIF1 [Wnt inhibitory factor 1]). A number of transcripts were identified as novel markers of MSCs. CONCLUSION The native, BM-derived in vivo MSC population is endowed with a gene signature that is compatible with multiple functions, reflecting the topographic bone niche of these cells, and their signature is significantly different from that of culture-expanded MSCs. This indicates that studies of the biologic functions of MSCs in musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, should focus on in vivo MSCs, rather than their culture-adapted progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Churchman
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Gruber HE, Riley FE, Hoelscher GL, Bayoumi EM, Ingram JA, Ramp WK, Bosse MJ, Kellam JF. Osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of biomembrane cells from the PMMA-segmental defect rat model. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1198-212. [PMID: 22246998 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A layer of cells (the "biomembrane") has been identified in large segmental defects between bone and surgically placed methacrylate spacers or antibiotic-impregnated cement beads. We hypothesize that this contains a pluripotent stem cell population with potential valuable applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. Objectives using biomembranes harvested from rat segmental defects were to: (1) Culture biomembrane cells in specialized media to direct progenitor cells along bone or cartilage cell differentiation lineages; (2) evaluate harvested biomembranes for mesenchymal stem cell markers, and (3) define relevant gene expression patterns in harvested biomembranes using microarray analysis. Culture in osteogenic media produced mineralized nodules; culture in chondrogenic media produced masses containing chondroitin sulfate/sulfated proteoglycans. Molecular analysis of biomembrane cells versus control periosteum showed significant upregulation of key genes functioning in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, development, maintenance, and proliferation. Results identified significant upregulation of WNT receptor signaling pathway genes and significant upregulation of BMP signaling pathway genes. Findings confirm that the biomembrane has a pluripotent stem cell population. The ability to heal large bone defects is clinically challenging, and novel tissue engineering uses of the biomembrane hold great promise in treating non-unions, open fractures with large bone loss and/or infections, and defects associated with tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, USA.
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Miyauchi Y, Miyamoto H, Yoshida S, Mori T, Kanagawa H, Katsuyama E, Fujie A, Hao W, Hoshi H, Miyamoto K, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Akiyama H, Morioka H, Matsumoto M, Toyama Y, Miyamoto T. Conditional inactivation of Blimp1 in adult mice promotes increased bone mass. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28508-17. [PMID: 22761448 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.356634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption, which is regulated by osteoclasts, is excessively activated in bone destructive diseases such as osteoporosis. Thus, controlling osteoclasts would be an effective strategy to prevent pathological bone loss. Although several transcription factors that regulate osteoclast differentiation and function could serve as molecular targets to inhibit osteoclast formation, those factors have not yet been characterized using a loss of function approach in adults. Here we report such a study showing that inactivation of B-lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) in adult mice increases bone mass by suppressing osteoclast formation. Using an ex vivo assay, we show that osteoclast differentiation is significantly inhibited by Blimp1 inactivation at an early stage of osteoclastogenesis. Conditional inactivation of Blimp1 inhibited osteoclast formation and increased bone mass in both male and female adult mice. Bone resorption parameters were significantly reduced by Blimp1 inactivation in vivo. Blimp1 reportedly regulates immune cell differentiation and function, but we detected no immune cell failure following Blimp1 inactivation. These data suggest that Blimp1 is a potential target to promote increased bone mass and prevent osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Miyauchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Nora CCV, Camassola M, Bellagamba B, Ikuta N, Christoff AP, Meirelles LDS, Ayres R, Margis R, Nardi NB. Molecular analysis of the differentiation potential of murine mesenchymal stem cells from tissues of endodermal or mesodermal origin. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1761-8. [PMID: 21970410 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received great attention due to their remarkable regenerative, angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunosuppressive properties. Although conventionally isolated from the bone marrow, they are known to exist in all tissues and organs, raising the question on whether they are identical cell populations or have important differences at the molecular level. To better understand the relationship between MSCs residing in different tissues, we analyzed the expression of genes related to pluripotency (SOX2 and OCT-4) and to adipogenic (C/EBP and ADIPOR1), osteogenic (OMD and ALP), and chondrogenic (COL10A1 and TRPV4) differentiation in cultures derived from murine endodermal (lung) and mesodermal (adipose) tissue maintained in different conditions. MSCs were isolated from lungs (L-MSCs) and inguinal adipose tissue (A-MSCs) and cultured in normal conditions, in overconfluence or in inductive medium for osteogenic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic differentiation. Cultures were characterized for morphology, immunophenotype, and by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for expression of pluripotency genes or markers of differentiation. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were also analyzed for comparison of these parameters. L-MSCs and A-MSCs exhibited the typical morphology, immunophenotype, and proliferation and differentiation pattern of MSCs. The analysis of gene expression showed a higher potential of adipose tissue-derived MSCs toward the osteogenic pathway and of lung-derived MSCs to chondrogenic differentiation, representing an important contribution for the definition of the type of cell to be used in clinical trials of cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Concer Viero Nora
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Therapy, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Taylor SE, Vaughan-Thomas A, Clements DN, Pinchbeck G, Macrory LC, Smith RKW, Clegg PD. Gene expression markers of tendon fibroblasts in normal and diseased tissue compared to monolayer and three dimensional culture systems. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009; 10:27. [PMID: 19245707 PMCID: PMC2651848 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data regarding molecular markers that identify the phenotype of the tendon cell. This study aims to quantify gene expression markers that distinguish between tendon fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cells which may be used to investigate tenogenesis. METHODS Expression levels for 12 genes representative of musculoskeletal tissues, including the proposed tendon progenitor marker scleraxis, relative to validated reference genes, were evaluated in matched samples of equine tendon (harvested from the superficial digital flexor tendon), cartilage and bone using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Expression levels of genes associated with tendon phenotype were then evaluated in healthy, including developmental, and diseased equine tendon tissue and in tendon fibroblasts maintained in both monolayer culture and in three dimensional (3D) collagen gels. RESULTS Significantly increased expression of scleraxis was found in tendon compared with bone (P = 0.002) but not compared to cartilage. High levels of COL1A2 and scleraxis and low levels of tenascin-C were found to be most representative of adult tensional tendon phenotype. While, relative expression of scleraxis in developing mid-gestational tendon or in acute or chronically diseased tendon did not differ significantly from normal adult tendon, tenascin-C message was significantly upregulated in acutely injured equine tendon (P = 0.001). Relative scleraxis gene expression levels in tendon cell monolayer and 3D cultures were significantly lower than in normal adult tendon (P = 0.002, P = 0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that high expression of both COL1A2 and scleraxis, and low expression of tenascin-C is representative of a tensional tendon phenotype. The in vitro culture methods used in these experiments however, may not recapitulate the phenotype of normal tensional tendon fibroblasts in tissues as evidenced by gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Anne Vaughan-Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Dylan N Clements
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Gina Pinchbeck
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Lisa C Macrory
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Roger KW Smith
- Royal Veterinary College, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, North Mymms, Northampton, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
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26
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Borrás T, Comes N. Evidence for a calcification process in the trabecular meshwork. Exp Eye Res 2008; 88:738-46. [PMID: 19084518 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human trabecular meshwork (TM) expresses many genes that have been associated with physiological (bone, cartilage, teeth) and pathological (vascular systems, kidney) calcification. In particular, the TM highly expresses the inhibitor of calcification Matrix Gla (MGP) gene, which encodes a vitamin K-dependent protein that requires post-translational activation to inhibit the formation of calcium precipitates. TM cells have high activity of the activating gamma-carboxylase enzyme and produce active MGP. Silencing MGP increases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme of the matrix vesicles and marker of calcification. Overexpressing MGP reduces the ALP activity induced by bone morphogenetic 2 (BMP2), a potent inducer of calcification. In this review we gathered evidence for the existence of a mineralization process in the TM. We selected twenty regulatory calcification genes, reviewed their functions in their original tissues and looked at their relative abundance in the TM by heat maps derived from existing microarrays. Although results are not yet fully conclusive and more experiments are needed, examining TM expression in the light of the calcification literature brings up many similarities. One such parallel is the role of mechanical forces in bone induction and the high levels of mineralization inhibitors found in the constantly mechanically stressed TM. During the next few years, examination of other calcification-related regulatory genes and pathways, as well as morphological examination of knockout animals, would help to elucidate the relevance of a calcification process to TM's overall function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Borrás
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7041, USA.
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27
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Cell fusion in osteoclasts plays a critical role in controlling bone mass and osteoblastic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:899-904. [PMID: 18952053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity is central for maintaining the integrity of bone homeostasis. Here we show that mice lacking dendritic cell specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), an essential molecule for osteoclast cell-cell fusion, exhibited impaired bone resorption and upregulation of bone formation by osteoblasts, which do not express DC-STAMP, which led to increased bone mass. On the contrary, DC-STAMP over-expressing transgenic (DC-STAMP-Tg) mice under the control of an actin promoter showed significantly accelerated cell-cell fusion of osteoclasts and bone resorption, with decreased osteoblastic activity and bone mass. Bone resorption and formation are known to be regulated in a coupled manner, whereas DC-STAMP regulates bone homeostasis in an un-coupled manner. Thus our results indicate that inhibition of a single molecule provides both decreased osteoclast activity and increased bone formation by osteoblasts, thereby increasing bone mass in an un-coupled and a tissue specific manner.
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Rehn AP, Cerny R, Sugars RV, Kaukua N, Wendel M. Osteoadherin is upregulated by mature osteoblasts and enhances their in vitro differentiation and mineralization. Calcif Tissue Int 2008; 82:454-64. [PMID: 18496725 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During the process of differentiation, osteoblasts commit through strictly controlled checkpoints under the influence of several growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The mineralized tissue-specific ECM component osteoadherin (OSAD) belongs to the small leucine-rich repeat protein family of proteoglycans. Proteoglycans modulate cellular behavior either through the attached glycosaminoglycan chains or by direct protein-protein interactions via the core protein sequences. Leucine-rich repeats have been shown to directly interact with cell-surface receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor, blocking its ability to bind its ligand. In the present study, we investigated the influence of OSAD on the behavior and maturation of MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. OSAD overexpression and repression clones were created by stably transfecting with plasmids coding for either mouse OSAD cDNA or small-hairpin RNA, targeted against mouse OSAD. Overexpression of OSAD resulted in an increase of osteoblast differentiation features, such as increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased in vitro mineralization, as well as reduced proliferation and migration. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) levels were unchanged, while upregulation of osteocalcin (OC) and osteoglycin (OGN) was observed. Conversely, repression of OSAD expression resulted in increased cell proliferation and migration. BSP and OC were unaffected, while OGN was downregulated. ALP activity was reduced, though no change in in vitro mineralization was observed. We conclude that OSAD overexpression enhanced the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders P Rehn
- Center for Oral Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 04, Sweden.
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Pham QP, Kasper FK, Scott Baggett L, Raphael RM, Jansen JA, Mikos AG. The influence of an in vitro generated bone-like extracellular matrix on osteoblastic gene expression of marrow stromal cells. Biomaterials 2008; 29:2729-39. [PMID: 18367245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The function and development of cells rely heavily on the signaling interactions with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, a tissue engineering scaffold should mimic native ECM to recreate the in vivo environment. Previously, we have shown that an in vitro generated ECM secreted by cultured cells enhances the mineralized matrix deposition of marrow stromal cells (MSCs). In this study, MSC expression of 45 bone-related genes using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was determined. Upregulation of osteoblastic markers such as collagen type I, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein with ASARM motif, parathyroid hormone receptor, and osteocalcin, indicated that the MSCs on plain titanium scaffolds differentiated down the osteoblastic lineage and deposited a mineralized matrix on day 12. Significant mineralized matrix deposition was observed as early as day 4 on ECM-containing scaffolds and was associated with the enhancement in expression of a subset of osteoblast-specific genes that included a 2-fold increase in osteopontin expression at day 1 and a 6.5-fold increase in osteocalcin expression at day 4 as well as downregulation of chondrogenic gene markers. These results were attributed to the cellular interactions with growth factors and matrix molecules that are likely present in the in vitro generated ECM since the genes for insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, dentin matrix protein, collagen type IV, cartilage oligomeric protein, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 were significantly upregulated during ECM construct generation. Overall, the data demonstrate that modulation of MSC differentiation occurs at the transcriptional level and gene expression of bone-related proteins is differentially regulated by the ECM. This study presents enormous implications for tissue engineering strategies, as it demonstrates that modification of a biomaterial with an in vitro generated ECM containing cell-generated bioactive signaling molecules can effectively direct gene expression and differentiation of seeded progenitor cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh P Pham
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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Guo Y, Yang TL, Pan F, Xu XH, Dong SS, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2008; 3:223-267. [PMID: 30764094 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.3.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes the most important and representative molecular genetics studies of gene identification for osteoporosis published up to the end of September 2007. It is intended to constitute a sequential update of our previously published reviews covering the available data up to the end of 2004. Evidence from candidate gene-association studies, genome-wide linkage and association studies, as well as functional genomic studies (including gene-expression microarray and proteomics) on osteogenesis and osteoporosis, are reviewed separately. Studies of transgenic and knockout mice models relevant to osteoporosis are summarized. The major results of all studies are tabulated for comparison and ease of reference. Comments are made on the most notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of genetics of osteoporosis. The format adopted by this review should be ideal for accommodating future new advances and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- b The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China and Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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