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Falco L, Tessitore V, Ciccarelli G, Malvezzi M, D'Andrea A, Imbalzano E, Golino P, Russo V. Antioxidant Properties of Oral Antithrombotic Therapies in Atherosclerotic Disease and Atrial Fibrillation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1185. [PMID: 37371915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombosis-related diseases are one of the leading causes of illness and death in the general population, and despite significant improvements in long-term survival due to remarkable advances in pharmacologic therapy, they continue to pose a tremendous burden on healthcare systems. The oxidative stress plays a role of pivotal importance in thrombosis pathophysiology. The anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs commonly used in the management of thrombosis-related diseases show several pleiotropic effects, beyond the antithrombotic effects. The present review aims to describe the current evidence about the antioxidant effects of the oral antithrombotic therapies in patients with atherosclerotic disease and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Falco
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Tessitore
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ciccarelli
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Malvezzi
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"-Monaldi Hospital, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Wu X, Pan J, Yu JJ, Kang J, Hou S, Cheng M, Xu L, Gong L, Li Y. DiDang decoction improves mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism via the HIF-1 signaling pathway to treat atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116289. [PMID: 36822344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE DiDang Decoction (DDD) is a traditional classical prescription that has been used to treat atherosclerosis (AS) and hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of DDD remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate the mechanism of DDD in AS and HLP based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of DDD were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database and literature mining, and the disease targets of AS and HLP were obtained from the Gencards, OMIM, and DisGeNET databases. The intersection genes were imported into the STRING database to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the DAVID database was used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Combined with the results of KEGG pathway analysis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway was selected for further in vitro experiments. RESULTS The results showed that network pharmacology predicted 112 targets related to DDD treatment of AS and HLP, and the top 10 related pathways are: Lipid and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation, Pathways in cancer, Proteoglycans in cancer, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Alcoholic liver disease, PPAR signaling pathway, and Coronavirus disease-COVID-19. In vitro experiments showed that DDD effectively reduced lipid accumulation in FFA-treated L02 cells; DDD attenuated mitochondrial damage and reduced ROS content; DDD inhibited ferroptosis and apoptosis; DDD up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α, Glutathione Peroxidase 4(GPX4), and Bcl2 proteins, and down-regulated expression of Bax protein. CONCLUSION DDD exerts therapeutic effects on AS and HLP through multiple targets and pathways, and improves mitochondrial function, reduces ROS content, inhibits ferroptosis and apoptosis by activating the HIF-1 signaling pathway, which provides reliable theoretical and experimental support for DDD treatment of AS and HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xize Wu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jj Jiajia Yu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Jian Kang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Siyi Hou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Meijia Cheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cardiology, 924 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Guilin, 541002, China.
| | - Lihong Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Yue Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Geriatric Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Cong L, Bai Y, Guo Z. The crosstalk among autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:997469. [PMID: 36386383 PMCID: PMC9650365 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.997469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the mechanism of cell death has become a hotspot in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Different cell death modes, including autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, are mosaic with each other and collaboratively regulate the process of CVD. This review summarizes the interaction and crosstalk of key pathways or proteins which play a critical role in the entire process of CVD and explores the specific mechanisms. Furthermore, this paper assesses the interrelationships among these three cell deaths and reviews how they regulate the pathogenesis of CVD. By understanding how these three cell death modes go together we can learn about the pathogenesis of CVD, which will enable us to identify new targets for preventing, controlling, and treating CVD. It will not only reduce mortality but also improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Rao Z, Zheng Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Chen M, Dong N, Cai Z, Li F. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pathogenesis of Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:918056. [PMID: 35783850 PMCID: PMC9243238 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.918056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by calcium phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls and is associated with many diseases, as well as increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying of VC development and pathogenesis are not fully understood, thus impeding the design of molecular-targeted therapy for VC. Recently, several studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can exacerbate VC. The ER is an intracellular membranous organelle involved in the synthesis, folding, maturation, and post-translational modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins. ER stress (ERS) occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate after a disturbance in the ER environment. Therefore, downregulation of pathological ERS may attenuate VC. This review summarizes the relationship between ERS and VC, focusing on how ERS regulates the development of VC by promoting osteogenic transformation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, with particular interest in the molecular mechanisms occurring in various vascular cells. We also discuss, the therapeutic effects of ERS inhibition on the progress of diseases associated with VC are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Rao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zheng
- Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Xia X, Zhou C, He X, Liu C, Wang G, Sun X. The relationship between estrogen-induced phenotypic transformation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:762. [PMID: 32647687 PMCID: PMC7333134 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background To explore the effect of estrogen on human cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to clarify the molecular mechanism of estrogen inhibition of VSMC proliferation, which could provide an important reference basis for the clinical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Method Firstly, the effects of different concentrations of estradiol and estrogen receptor (ESR) blocker (tamoxifen) on the proliferation of human VSMCs and the expression of estrogen-related receptor gene (ESR: ESR1, ESR2, GPER), myocardin (MYOCD), serum reaction factor (SRF), and apoptosis gene caspase-3 were measured to discover the effect and mechanism of tamoxifen on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs. Secondly, the effects of estradiol on human VSMCs treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) were observed by measuring the expression of vascular smooth muscle markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), SM22α, FLN, MCP-1, and TLR4. Results Estradiol inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs by upregulating the expression of ESR1, ESR2, and GPER and downregulating the expression of caspase-3, MYOCD, and SRF, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle. At the same time, tamoxifen had opposite effects. Angiotensin II decreased the expression of α-SMA and SM22α and promoted the expression of FLN, MCP-1, and TLR4 protein, while estrogen had the opposite effects. Conclusions Estrogen suppresses apoptosis by inhibiting the proliferation of human VSMCs and preventing it from changing from contractile to synthetic. Estrogen can further prevents vascular damage and regulate peripheral inflammatory reaction, thereby producing a protective effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xuenong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing, Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Münzel T, Camici GG, Maack C, Bonetti NR, Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Heart and Vasculature: Part 2 of a 3-Part Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:212-229. [PMID: 28683969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disease and heart failure impart an enormous burden in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Although there are many different causes of cardiac and vascular disease, most causes share an important pathological mechanism: oxidative stress. In the failing heart, oxidative stress occurs in the myocardium and correlates with left ventricular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively affect myocardial calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and contribute to cardiac remodeling by inducing hypertrophic signaling, apoptosis, and necrosis. Similarly, oxidative balance in the vasculature is tightly regulated by a wealth of pro- and antioxidant systems that orchestrate region-specific ROS production and removal. Reactive oxygen species also regulate multiple vascular cell functions, including endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth, proliferation, and migration; angiogenesis; apoptosis; vascular tone; host defenses; and genomic stability. However, excessive levels of ROS promote vascular disease through direct and irreversible oxidative damage to macromolecules, as well as disruption of redox-dependent vascular wall signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology Mainz, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Oxidative stress in vascular disease and its pharmacological prevention. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:313-9. [PMID: 23608227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors lead to enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC), and dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). When the capacity of antioxidant defense systems [e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase (HO), paraoxonase (PON)] is exceeded, this results in oxidative stress, which can promote atherogenesis. Therefore, pharmacological means to prevent oxidative stress are of major therapeutic interest. Some established drugs and novel therapeutic approaches can prevent oxidative stress and, presumably, vascular disease. These include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 receptor) blockers (ARBs), statins, nebivolol, pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), resveratrol, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of oxidative stress under pathological conditions as well as pharmacological approaches (and their molecular mechanisms) are summarized in this review.
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Martinet W, Schrijvers DM, De Meyer GRY. Pharmacological modulation of cell death in atherosclerosis: a promising approach towards plaque stabilization? Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1-13. [PMID: 21418184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances over the last 15 years in identifying vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, the incidence of death and disability caused by such lesions still remains the number one health threat in developed countries. Therefore, new systemic or focal therapies aimed at decreasing the overall burden of disease, and a change to a more benign phenotype, are needed. Because cell death is a prominent feature of advanced atherosclerotic plaques with a major impact on plaque destabilization, an increasing number of compounds targeting the apoptotic or autophagic machinery in atherosclerosis are being explored, predominantly at the preclinical level. This review will provide an overview of these compounds, with a focus on both inhibition and stimulation of cell death, to prevent acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Martinet
- Division of Pharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Diabetes mellitus and apoptosis: inflammatory cells. Apoptosis 2009; 14:1435-50. [PMID: 19360474 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the early observation that similarities between thyroiditis and insulitis existed, the important role played by inflammation in the development of diabetes has been appreciated. More recently, experiments have shown that inflammation also plays a prominent role in the development of target organ damage arising as complications, with both elements of the innate and the adaptive immune system being involved, and that cytokines contributing to local tissue damage may arise from both infiltrating and resident cells. This review will discuss the experimental evidence that shows that inflammatory cell-mediated apoptosis contributes to target organ damage, from beta cell destruction to both micro- and macro-vascular disease complications, and also how alterations in leukocyte turnover affects immune function.
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