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Vujovic F, Shepherd CE, Witting PK, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Redox-Mediated Rewiring of Signalling Pathways: The Role of a Cellular Clock in Brain Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1873. [PMID: 37891951 PMCID: PMC10604469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan signalling pathways can be rewired to dampen or amplify the rate of events, such as those that occur in development and aging. Given that a linear network topology restricts the capacity to rewire signalling pathways, such scalability of the pace of biological events suggests the existence of programmable non-linear elements in the underlying signalling pathways. Here, we review the network topology of key signalling pathways with a focus on redox-sensitive proteins, including PTEN and Ras GTPase, that reshape the connectivity profile of signalling pathways in response to an altered redox state. While this network-level impact of redox is achieved by the modulation of individual redox-sensitive proteins, it is the population by these proteins of critical nodes in a network topology of signal transduction pathways that amplifies the impact of redox-mediated reprogramming. We propose that redox-mediated rewiring is essential to regulate the rate of transmission of biological signals, giving rise to a programmable cellular clock that orchestrates the pace of biological phenomena such as development and aging. We further review the evidence that an aberrant redox-mediated modulation of output of the cellular clock contributes to the emergence of pathological conditions affecting the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vujovic
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paul K. Witting
- Redox Biology Group, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Ramin M. Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Burlibasa L, Nicu AT, Chifiriuc MC, Medar C, Petrescu A, Jinga V, Stoica I. H3 histone methylation landscape in male urogenital cancers: from molecular mechanisms to epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181764. [PMID: 37228649 PMCID: PMC10203431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, male urogenital cancers (including prostate, renal, bladder and testicular cancers) have become one of the most frequently encountered malignancies affecting all ages. While their great variety has promoted the development of various diagnosis, treatment and monitoring strategies, some aspects such as the common involvement of epigenetic mechanisms are still not elucidated. Epigenetic processes have come into the spotlight in the past years as important players in the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to a plethora of studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and even as therapeutic targets. Thus, fostering research on the various epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in cancer remains a priority for the scientific community. This review focuses on one of the main epigenetic mechanisms, namely, the methylation of the histone H3 at various sites and its involvement in male urogenital cancers. This histone modification presents a great interest due to its modulatory effect on gene expression, leading either to activation (e.g., H3K4me3, H3K36me3) or repression (e.g., H3K27me3, H3K9me3). In the last few years, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of enzymes that methylate/demethylate histone H3 in cancer and inflammatory diseases, that might contribute to the initiation and progression of such disorders. We highlight how these particular epigenetic modifications are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or targets for the treatment of urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Medar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amelia Petrescu
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Cassiano LMG, Oliveira MS, Pioline J, Salim ACM, Coimbra RS. Neuroinflammation regulates the balance between hippocampal neuron death and neurogenesis in an ex vivo model of thiamine deficiency. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:272. [DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a cofactor for enzymes of central energy metabolism and its deficiency (TD) impairs oxidative phosphorylation, increases oxidative stress, and activates inflammatory processes that can lead to neurodegeneration. Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a consequence of chronic TD, which leads to extensive neuronal death, and is associated with neuropathological disorders, including cognitive deficits and amnesia. The hippocampus is one of the brain areas most affected by WKS. B1 replacement may not be enough to prevent the irreversible cognitive deficit associated with WKS.
Materials and methods
An organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHC) model was developed to investigate, using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy and transcriptome analysis, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurodegeneration associated with TD. The effect of anti-inflammatory pharmacological intervention with resveratrol (RSV) was also assessed in B1-deprived OHCs.
Results
In OHCs cultured without B1, neuronal density decayed after 5 days and, on the 7th day, the epigenetic markings H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 were altered in mature neurons likely favoring gene transcription. Between the 7th and the 14th day, a pulse of neurogenesis was observed followed by a further massive neuron loss. Transcriptome analysis at day nine disclosed 89 differentially expressed genes in response to B1 deprivation. Genes involved in tryptophan metabolism and lysine degradation KEGG pathways, and those with Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to the organization of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and positive regulation of synaptic transmission were upregulated. Several genes of the TNF and FoxO signaling pathways and with GO terms related to inflammation were inhibited in response to B1 deprivation. Nsd1, whose product methylates histone H3 lysine 36, was upregulated and the epigenetic marking H3K36me3, associated with negative regulation of neurogenesis, was increased in neurons. Treating B1-deprived OHCs with RSV promoted an earlier neurogenesis pulse.
Conclusion
Neuroregeneration occurs in B1-deficient hippocampal tissue during a time window. This phenomenon depends on reducing neuroinflammation and, likely, on metabolic changes, allowing acetyl-CoA synthesis from amino acids to ensure energy supply via oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, neuroinflammation is implicated as a major regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis in TD opening a new search space for treating WKS.
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Noori T, Sahebgharani M, Sureda A, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Fakhri S, Shirooie S. Targeting PI3K by Natural Products: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1564-1578. [PMID: 35043762 PMCID: PMC9881086 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220119125040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood psychiatric disorder. In general, a child with ADHD has significant attention problems with difficulty concentrating on a subject and is generally associated with impulsivity and excessive activity. The etiology of ADHD in most patients is unknown, although it is considered to be a multifactorial disease caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Diverse factors, such as the existence of mental, nutritional, or general health problems during childhood, as well as smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy, are related to an increased risk of ADHD. Behavioral and psychological characteristics of ADHD include anxiety, mood disorders, behavioral disorders, language disorders, and learning disabilities. These symptoms affect individuals, families, and communities, negatively altering educational and social results, strained parent-child relationships, and increased use of health services. ADHD may be associated with deficits in inhibitory frontostriatal noradrenergic neurons on lower striatal structures that are predominantly driven by dopaminergic neurons. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a conserved family of lipid kinases that control a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, insulin metabolism, and apoptosis. Since PI3K plays an important role in controlling the noradrenergic neuron, it opens up new insights into research on ADHD and other developmental brain diseases. This review presents evidence for the potential usefulness of PI3K and its modulators as a potential treatment for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mousa Sahebgharani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Palma de MallorcaE-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain;,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile;,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;,Address correspondence to this author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; E-mail:
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Sánchez-Alegría K, Flores-León M, Avila-Muñoz E, Rodríguez-Corona N, Arias C. PI3K Signaling in Neurons: A Central Node for the Control of Multiple Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123725. [PMID: 30477115 PMCID: PMC6321294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling contributes to a variety of processes, mediating many aspects of cellular function, including nutrient uptake, anabolic reactions, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Less is known regarding its critical role in neuronal physiology, neuronal metabolism, tissue homeostasis, and the control of gene expression in the central nervous system in healthy and diseased states. The aim of the present work is to review cumulative evidence regarding the participation of PI3K pathways in neuronal function, focusing on their role in neuronal metabolism and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neuronal maintenance and plasticity or on the expression of pathological hallmarks associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sánchez-Alegría
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-228, 04510 México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Flores-León
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-228, 04510 México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Evangelina Avila-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-228, 04510 México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Nelly Rodríguez-Corona
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-228, 04510 México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-228, 04510 México, DF, Mexico.
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Tissue-Specific Upregulation of Drosophila Insulin Receptor (InR) Mitigates Poly(Q)-Mediated Neurotoxicity by Restoration of Cellular Transcription Machinery. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1310-1329. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Husain S, Ahmad A, Singh S, Peterseim C, Abdul Y, Nutaitis MJ. PI3K/Akt Pathway: A Role in δ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated RGC Neuroprotection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 58:6489-6499. [PMID: 29288267 PMCID: PMC5749243 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examines the role of PI3K/Akt pathway in δ-opioid receptor agonist (SNC-121)-induced RGC neuroprotection in a chronic glaucoma rat model. Methods Injecting hypertonic saline into the limbal veins of Brown Norway rats elevated IOP. Rats were treated either with 1 mg/kg SNC-121 or 3 mg/kg 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY-294002; PI3K/Akt inhibitor) plus SNC-121 once daily for 7 days. Pattern ERGs were recorded in response to contrast reversal of patterned visual stimuli. Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were visualized by Fluorogold retrograde labeling. Optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes were pretreated with PI3K/Akt inhibitors for 30 minutes followed by 1-μM SNC-121 treatment. Changes in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, and -3) production and PI3K/Akt activation in optic nerve and TNF-α treated ONH astrocytes were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results SNC-121 activates the PI3K/Akt pathway in ONH astrocytes and the retina. In ONH astrocytes, SNC-121–induced Akt activation was fully inhibited by PI3K/Akt inhibitors. A sustained decline (7–42 days post injury) in Akt activation was seen in the ocular-hypertensive retina and optic nerve. This decline is reversed to normal levels by 1-mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) SNC-121 treatment. Both pattern ERG amplitudes and RGC numbers were reduced in ocular hypertensive eyes, which were significantly increased in SNC-121–treated animals. Interestingly, SNC-121–induced increase in pattern-ERG amplitudes and RGC numbers were inhibited in LY-294002 pretreated animals. Additionally, SNC-121 treatment inhibited MMP-1, -2, and -3 production from the optic nerve of ocular hypertensive rats and TNF-α–treated ONH astrocytes. Conclusions PI3K/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in SNC-121–mediated RGC neuroprotection against glaucomatous injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Husain
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sudha Singh
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Carolyn Peterseim
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Yasir Abdul
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Matthew J Nutaitis
- Hewitt Laboratory of the Ola B. Williams Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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Moghal ETB, Venkatesh K, Sen D. The delta opioid peptide D-Alanine 2, Leucine 5 Enkephaline (DADLE)-induces neuroprotection through cross-talk between the UPR and pro-survival MAPK-NGF-Bcl2 signaling pathways via modulation of several micro-RNAs in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to ER stress. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:543-569. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erfath Thanjeem Begum Moghal
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory; Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT); Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Katari Venkatesh
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory; Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT); Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory; Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT); Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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A PTEN-Regulated Checkpoint Controls Surface Delivery of δ Opioid Receptors. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3741-3752. [PMID: 28264976 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2923-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ opioid receptor (δR) is a promising alternate target for pain management because δR agonists show decreased abuse potential compared with current opioid analgesics that target the μ opioid receptor. A critical limitation in developing δR as an analgesic target, however, is that δR agonists show relatively low efficacy in vivo, requiring the use of high doses that often cause adverse effects, such as convulsions. Here we tested whether intracellular retention of δR in sensory neurons contributes to this low δR agonist efficacy in vivo by limiting surface δR expression. Using direct visualization of δR trafficking and localization, we define a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-regulated checkpoint that retains δR in the Golgi and decreases surface delivery in rat and mice sensory neurons. PTEN inhibition releases δR from this checkpoint and stimulates delivery of exogenous and endogenous δR to the neuronal surface both in vitro and in vivo PTEN inhibition in vivo increases the percentage of TG neurons expressing δR on the surface and allows efficient δR-mediated antihyperalgesia in mice. Together, we define a critical role for PTEN in regulating the surface delivery and bioavailability of the δR, explain the low efficacy of δR agonists in vivo, and provide evidence that active δR relocation is a viable strategy to increase δR antinociception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioid analgesics, such as morphine, which target the μ opioid receptor (μR), have been the mainstay of pain management, but their use is highly limited by adverse effects and their variable efficacy in chronic pain. Identifying alternate analgesic targets is therefore of great significance. Although the δ opioid receptor (δR) is an attractive option, a critical limiting factor in developing δR as a target has been the low efficacy of δR agonists. Why δR agonists show low efficacy is still under debate. This study provides mechanistic and functional data that intracellular localization of δR in neurons is a key factor that contributes to low agonist efficacy, and presents a proof of mechanism that relocating δR improves efficacy.
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Pang J, Yang YW, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Chen R, Dong L, Huang Y, Wang D, Liu J, Li B. P110β Inhibition Reduces Histone H3K4 Di-Methylation in Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:299-308. [PMID: 27800642 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Epigenetic alteration plays a major role in the development and progression of human cancers, including prostate cancer. Histones are the key factors in modulating gene accessibility to transcription factors and post-translational modification of the histone N-terminal tail including methylation is associated with either transcriptional activation (H3K4me2) or repression (H3K9me3). Furthermore, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K) signaling and the androgen receptor (AR) are the key determinants in prostate cancer development and progression. We recently showed that prostate-targeted nano-micelles loaded with PI3 K/p110beta specific inhibitor TGX221 blocked prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Our objective of this study was to determine the role of PI3 K signaling in histone methylation in prostate cancer, with emphasis on histone H3K4 methylation. METHODS PI3 K non-specific inhibitor LY294002 and p110beta-specific inhibitor TGX221 were used to block PI3 K/p110beta signaling. The global levels of H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in prostate cancer cells and tissue specimens were evaluated by Western blot assay and immunohistochemical staining. A synthetic androgen R1881 was used to stimulate AR activity in prostate cancer cells. A castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) specific human tissue microarray (TMA) was used to assess the global levels of H3K4me2 methylation by immunostaining approach. RESULTS Our data revealed that H3K4me2 levels were significantly elevated after androgen stimulation. With RNA silencing and pharmacology approaches, we further defined that inhibition of PI3 K/p110beta activity through gene-specific knocking down and small chemical inhibitor TGX221 abolished androgen-stimulated H3K4me2 methylation. Consistently, prostate cancer-targeted delivery of TGX221 in vivo dramatically reduced the global levels of H3K4me2 as assessed by immunohistochemical staining on tissue section of mouse xenografts from CRPC cell lines 22RV1 and C4-2. Finally, immunostaining data revealed a strong H3K4me2 immunosignal in CRPC tissues compared to primary tumors and benign prostate tissues. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that PI3 K/p110beta-dependent signaling is involved in androgen-stimulated H3K4me2 methylation in prostate cancer, which might be used as a novel biomarker for disease prognosis and targeted therapy. Prostate 77:299-308, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Wu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Huang
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Pathology, China Three Gorges University School of Medicine, Yichang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huanzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibao Chen
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huanzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dongying Wang
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huanzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Pathology, China Three Gorges University School of Medicine, Yichang, China
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Tao W, Zhou W, Wang Y, Sun T, Wang H, Zhang Z, Jin Y. Histone deacetylase inhibitor-induced emergence of synaptic δ-opioid receptors and behavioral antinociception in persistent neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2016; 339:54-63. [PMID: 27646288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of opioids in patients with chronic neuropathic pain remains controversial. Although activation of δ-opioid receptors (DORs) in the brainstem reduces inflammation-induced persistent hyperalgesia, it is not effective under persistent neuropathic pain conditions and these clinical problems remain largely unknown. In this study, by using a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats, we found that in the brainstem nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), DORs emerged on the surface membrane of central synaptic terminals on day 3 after CCI surgery and disappeared on day 14. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors microinjected into the NRM in vivo increased the level of synaptosomal DOR protein and NRM infusion of DOR agonists producing an antinociceptive effect in a nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling-dependent manner. In vitro, in CCI rat slices incubated with HDAC inhibitors, DOR agonists significantly inhibited EPSCs. This effect was blocked by tyrosine receptor kinase A antagonists. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that NRM infusion of HDAC inhibitors in CCI rats increased the level of histone H4 acetylation at Ngf gene promoter regions. NGF was infused into the NRM or incubated CCI rat slices drove DORs to the surface membrane of synaptic terminals. Taken together, epigenetic upregulation of NGF activity by HDAC inhibitors in the NRM promotes the trafficking of DORs to pain-modulating neuronal synapses under neuropathic pain conditions, leading to δ-opioid analgesia. These findings indicate that therapeutic use of DOR agonists combined with HDAC inhibitors might be effective in chronic neuropathic pain managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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Muñoa I, Urizar I, Casis L, Irazusta J, Subirán N. The epigenetic regulation of the opioid system: new individualized prompt prevention and treatment strategies. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2419-26. [PMID: 25974312 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The most well-known physiological effect associated with opiod system is their efficacy in pain reduction or analgesia, although their effect on a variety of other physiological and physiophological functions has become apparent in recent years. This review is an attempt to clarify in more detail the epigenetic regulation of opioid system to understand with more precision their transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation in multiple pyisiological and pharmacological contexts. The opioid receptors show an epigenetic regulation and opioid peptide precursors by methylation, chromatin remodeling and microRNA. Although the opioid receptor promoters have similarity between them, they use different epigenetic regulation forms and they exhibit different pattern of expression during the cell differentiation. DNA methylation is also confirmed in opioid peptide precursors, being important for gene expression and tissue specificity. Understanding the epigenetic basis of those physiological and physiopathological procesess is essential for the development of individualized prompt prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraia Muñoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Itziar Urizar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luis Casis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nerea Subirán
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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13
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Sen D, Huchital M, Chen YL. Crosstalk between delta opioid receptor and nerve growth factor signaling modulates neuroprotection and differentiation in rodent cell models. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21114-39. [PMID: 24152443 PMCID: PMC3821661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141021114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Both opioid signaling and neurotrophic factor signaling have played an important role in neuroprotection and differentiation in the nervous system. Little is known about whether the crosstalk between these two signaling pathways will affect neuroprotection and differentiation. Previously, we found that nerve growth factor (NGF) could induce expression of the delta opioid receptor gene (Oprd1, dor), mainly through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling in PC12h cells. In this study, using two NGF-responsive rodent cell model systems, PC12h cells and F11 cells, we found the delta opioid neuropeptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE)-mediated neuroprotective effect could be blocked by pharmacological reagents: the delta opioid antagonist naltrindole, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, MAPK inhibitor PD98059, and Trk inhibitor K252a, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that DADLE activated both the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways in the two cell lines. siRNA Oprd1 gene knockdown experiment showed that the upregulation of NGF mRNA level was inhibited with concomitant inhibition of the survival effects of DADLE in the both cell models. siRNA Oprd1 gene knockdown also attenuated the DADLE-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells as well as phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt in PC12h and F11 cells, respectively. These data together strongly suggest that delta opioid peptide DADLE acts through the NGF-induced functional G protein-coupled Oprd1 to provide its neuroprotective and differentiating effects at least in part by regulating survival and differentiating MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in NGF-responsive rodent neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; E-Mails: (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Huchital
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; E-Mails: (D.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Yulong L. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; E-Mails: (D.S.); (M.H.)
- The Center for Development and Behavioral Neurosciences, Binghamton University, the State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-607-777-5218; Fax: +1-607-777-6521
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14
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He X, Sandhu HK, Yang Y, Hua F, Belser N, Kim DH, Xia Y. Neuroprotection against hypoxia/ischemia: δ-opioid receptor-mediated cellular/molecular events. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2291-303. [PMID: 23014992 PMCID: PMC11113157 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic injury remains the most dreaded cause of neurological disability and mortality. Despite the humbling experiences due to lack of promising therapy, our understanding of the complex cascades underlying the neuronal insult has led to advances in basic science research. One of the most noteworthy has been the effect of opioid receptors, especially the delta-opioid receptor (DOR), on hypoxic/ischemic neurons. Our recent studies, and those of others worldwide, present strong evidence that sheds light on DOR-mediated neuroprotection in the brain, especially in the cortex. The mechanisms of DOR neuroprotection are broadly categorized as: (1) stabilization of the ionic homeostasis, (2) inhibition of excitatory transmitter release, (3) attenuation of disrupted neuronal transmission, (4) increase in antioxidant capacity, (5) regulation of intracellular pathways-inhibition of apoptotic signals and activation of pro-survival signaling, (6) regulation of specific gene and protein expression, and (7) up-regulation of endogenous opioid release and/or DOR expression. Depending upon the severity and duration of hypoxic/ischemic insult, the release of endogenous opioids and DOR expression are regulated in response to the stress, and DOR signaling acts at multiple levels to confer neuronal tolerance to harmful insult. The phenomenon of DOR neuroprotection offers a potential clue for a promising target that may have significant clinical implications in our quest for neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou He
- The Third Clinical College of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Harleen K. Sandhu
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
| | - Yilin Yang
- The Third Clinical College of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Fei Hua
- The Third Clinical College of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Nathalee Belser
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
| | - Dong H. Kim
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
| | - Ying Xia
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
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15
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Wen A, Guo A, Chen YL. Mu-opioid signaling modulates biphasic expression of TrkB and IκBα genes and neurite outgrowth in differentiating and differentiated human neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:638-42. [PMID: 23422506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic opioid exposure leads to changes in gene expression (functional changes), resulting in structural changes in neural circuits that are linked to eventually behavioral changes. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of how such changes occur. In this study, we found that mu-opioid [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and morphine exposure led to dynamic changes in neural differentiation- and growth-associated genes, IκBα and NTRK2 (TrkB), in differentiating and differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) analysis revealed that binding of NF-κB/p65 to the IκBα promoter in living cells was temporally altered when the cells were exposed to morphine. The changes in gene expression correlated with the changes in neurite length of the RA-differentiating and RA-differentiated neuron-like cells. Our findings for the first time showed that TrkB signaling and NF-κB/IκBα signaling temporally correlated with each other in response to single-dose and repeated mu-opioid treatment in differentiating and differentiated human neuron-like cells. The findings from this human cell study in vitro indicate that both relatively high single-dose and chronic opioid exposure may induce the structural changes in the developing human brain and the adult brain by altering the expression of neuronal differentiation- and neurite outgrowth-related genes IκBa and TrkB in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Wen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, The State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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16
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Brunner AM, Tweedie-Cullen RY, Mansuy IM. Epigenetic modifications of the neuroproteome. Proteomics 2012; 12:2404-20. [PMID: 22696459 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, epigenetic processes are involved in a multitude of brain functions ranging from the development and differentiation of the nervous system through to higher-order cognitive processes such as learning and memory. This review summarises the current state of the art for the proteomic analysis of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, in particular the PTM of histones, in the brain and cellular model systems. It describes the MS technologies that have helped the identification and analysis of histones, histone variants and PTMs in the brain. Strategies for the isolation of histones that allow the qualitative analysis of PTMs and their combinatorial patterns are introduced, methods for the relative and absolute quantification of histone PTMs are described, and future challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Brunner
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich and Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Géranton SM. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms for pain relief. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 12:35-41. [PMID: 22056026 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are chemical modifications to chromatin that modulate gene activity without altering the DNA sequence. While research on epigenetics has grown exponentially over the past few years, very few studies have investigated epigenetic mechanisms in relation to pain states. However, epigenetic mechanisms are crucial to memory formation that requires similar synaptic plasticity to pain processing, indicating that they may play a key role in the control of pain states. This article reviews the early evidence suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms are engaged after injury and in chronic pain states, and that drugs used clinically to target the epigenetic machinery for the treatment of cancer might be useful for the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine M Géranton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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18
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Gräff J, Kim D, Dobbin MM, Tsai LH. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in physiological and pathological brain processes. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:603-49. [PMID: 21527733 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become increasingly obvious that epigenetic mechanisms are an integral part of a multitude of brain functions that range from the development of the nervous system over basic neuronal functions to higher order cognitive processes. At the same time, a substantial body of evidence has surfaced indicating that several neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders are in part caused by aberrant epigenetic modifications. Because of their inherent plasticity, such pathological epigenetic modifications are readily amenable to pharmacological interventions and have thus raised justified hopes that the epigenetic machinery provides a powerful new platform for therapeutic approaches against these diseases. In this review, we give a detailed overview of the implication of epigenetic mechanisms in both physiological and pathological brain processes and summarize the state-of-the-art of "epigenetic medicine" where applicable. Despite, or because of, these new and exciting findings, it is becoming apparent that the epigenetic machinery in the brain is highly complex and intertwined, which underscores the need for more refined studies to disentangle brain-region and cell-type specific epigenetic codes in a given environmental condition. Clearly, the brain contains an epigenetic "hotspot" with a unique potential to not only better understand its most complex functions, but also to treat its most vicious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gräff
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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19
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Wei LN, Loh HH. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of opioid receptor genes: present and future. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:75-97. [PMID: 20868272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three opioid receptors (ORs) are known: μ opioid receptors (MORs), δ opioid receptors (DORs), and κ opioid receptors (KORs). Each is encoded by a distinct gene, and the three OR genes share a highly conserved genomic structure and promoter features, including an absence of TATA boxes and sensitivity to extracellular stimuli and epigenetic regulation. However, each of the genes is differentially expressed. Transcriptional regulation engages both basal and regulated transcriptional machineries and employs activating and silencing mechanisms. In retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation, the opioid receptor genes undergo drastically different chromatin remodeling processes and display varied patterns of epigenetic marks. Regulation of KOR expression is distinctly complex, and KOR exerts a unique function in neurite extension, indicating that KOR is not simply a pharmacological cousin of MOR and DOR. As the expression of OR proteins is ultimately controlled by extensive posttranscriptional processing, the pharmacological implication of OR gene regulation at the transcriptional level remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
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20
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Chen YL, Monteith N, Law PY, Loh HH. Dynamic association of p300 with the promoter of the G protein-coupled rat delta opioid receptor gene during NGF-induced neuronal differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:294-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Bie B, Zhang Z, Cai YQ, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Dai J, Lowenstein CJ, Weinman EJ, Pan ZZ. Nerve growth factor-regulated emergence of functional delta-opioid receptors. J Neurosci 2010; 30:5617-28. [PMID: 20410114 PMCID: PMC2865237 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5296-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting of intracellular G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) either to lysosomes for degradation or to plasma membrane for surface insertion and functional expression is a key process regulating signaling strength of GPCRs across the plasma membrane in adult mammalian cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing the dynamic process of receptor sorting to the plasma membrane for functional expression under normal and pathological conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that delta-opioid receptor (DOPr), a GPCR constitutively targeted to intracellular compartments, is driven to the surface membrane of central synaptic terminals and becomes functional by the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) in native brainstem neurons. The NGF-triggered DOPr translocation is predominantly mediated by the signaling pathway involving the tyrosine receptor kinase A, Ca(2+)-mobilizing phospholipase C, and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Importantly, it requires interactions with the cytoplasmic sorting protein NHERF-1 (Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory factor-1) and N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor-regulated exocytosis. In addition, this NGF-mediated mechanism is likely responsible for the emergence of functional DOPr induced by chronic opioids. Thus, NGF may function as a key molecular switch that redirects the sorting of intracellularly targeted DOPr to plasma membrane, resulting in new functional DOPr on central synapses under chronic opioid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihua Bie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - You-Qing Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jaile Dai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas–MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Charles J. Lowenstein
- Departments of Medicine and
- Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Edward J. Weinman
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Zhizhong Z. Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Costa BM, Smith JS, Chen Y, Chen J, Phillips HS, Aldape KD, Zardo G, Nigro J, James CD, Fridlyand J, Reis RM, Costello JF. Reversing HOXA9 oncogene activation by PI3K inhibition: epigenetic mechanism and prognostic significance in human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2010; 70:453-62. [PMID: 20068170 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HOXA genes encode critical transcriptional regulators of embryonic development that have been implicated in cancer. In this study, we documented functional relevance and mechanism of activation of HOXA9 in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor. Expression of HOXA genes was investigated using reverse transcription-PCR in primary gliomas and glioblastoma cell lines and was validated in two sets of expression array data. In a subset of GBM, HOXA genes are aberrently activated within confined chromosomal domains. Transcriptional activation of the HOXA cluster was reversible by a phosphoinostide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor through an epigenetic mechanism involving histone H3K27 trimethylation. Functional studies of HOXA9 showed its capacity to decrease apoptosis and increase cellular proliferation along with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-including ligand resistance. Notably, aberrant expression of HOXA9 was independently predictive of shorter overall and progression-free survival in two GBM patient sets and improved survival prediction by MGMT promoter methylation. Thus, HOXA9 activation is a novel, independent, and negative prognostic marker in GBM that is reversible through a PI3K-associated epigenetic mechanism. Our findings suggest a transcriptional pathway through which PI3K activates oncogenic HOXA expression with implications for mTOR or PI3K targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Costa
- The Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, USA
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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