1
|
Gao Y, Qiao X, Liu Z, Zhang W. The role of E2F2 in cancer progression and its value as a therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397303. [PMID: 38807594 PMCID: PMC11130366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Accumulative evidence indicates that aberrant expression or activation of E2F2 is a common phenomenon in malignances. E2F2 has emerged as a key player in the development and progression of various types of tumors. A wealth of research has substantiated that E2F2 could contribute to the enhancement of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. Moreover, E2F2 exerts its influence on a myriad of cellular processes by engaging with a spectrum of auxiliary factors and downstream targets, including apoptosis and DNA repair. The dysregulation of E2F2 in the context of carcinogenesis may be attributable to a multitude of mechanisms, which encompass modifications in upstream regulatory elements or epigenetic alterations. This review explores the function of E2F2 in cancer progression and both established and emerging therapeutic strategies aiming at targeting this oncogenic pathway, while also providing a strong basis for further research on the biological function and clinical applications of E2F2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Qiao
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Appraisal of the Possible Role of PPAR γ Upregulation by CLA of Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 in Colon Cancer Mitigation. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:9458308. [PMID: 36875279 PMCID: PMC9984262 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9458308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colon cancer (CC) is increasing at the endemic scale, which is accompanied by subsequent morbidity and mortality. Although there have been noteworthy achievements in the therapeutic strategies in recent years, the treatment of patients with CC remains a formidable task. The current study focused on to study role of biohydrogenation-derived conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 (CLAGS4) against CC, which induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in human CC HCT-116 cells. Pre-treatment with PPARγ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether has significantly reduced the inhibitory efficacy of enhanced cell viability of HCT-116 cells, suggesting the PPARγ-dependent cell death. The cancer cells treated with CLA/CLAGS4 demonstrated the reduced level of Prostaglandin E2 PGE2 in association with reduced COX-2 and 5-LOX expressions. Moreover, these consequences were found to be associated with PPARγ-dependent. Furthermore, delineation of mitochondrial dependent apoptosis with the help of molecular docking LigPlot analysis showed that CLA can bind with hexokinase-II (hHK-II) (highly expressed in cancer cells) and that this association underlies voltage dependent anionic channel to open, thereby causing mitochondrial membrane depolarization, a condition that initiates intrinsic apoptotic events. Apoptosis was further confirmed by annexin V staining and elevation of caspase 1p10 expression. Taken all together, it is deduced that, mechanistically, the upregulation of PPARγ by CLAGS4 of P. pentosaceus GS4 can alter cancer cell metabolism in association with triggering apoptosis in CC.
Collapse
|
3
|
PPAR- γ Ligand Inhibits Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Metastasis by Regulating E2F2. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:8679271. [PMID: 31467515 PMCID: PMC6699258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8679271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear hormone receptor with a key role in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have identified various roles of PPAR-γ in cell cycle progression, cellular proliferation, and tumor progression. However, no report has described a role for PPAR-γ in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Notably, some studies have reported a relationship between PPAR-γ and E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2), which has been identified as a regulator of cell cycle, apoptosis, and the DNA damage response. Notably, E2F2 has also been reported to correlate with a poor prognosis in patients with various malignancies. Methods We used immunohistochemical (IHC) and western blot methods to evaluate PPAR-γ and E2F2 expression and function in nonkeratinizing NPC and nasopharyngitis (NPG) tissue samples, as well as western blotting and CCK8 analyses in the NPC cell lines, CNE1 and CNE2. Results We observed lower levels of PPAR-γ expression in nonkeratinizing NPC tissues compared with NPG tissues and determined an association between a low level of PPAR-γ expression with a more advanced tumor stage. Furthermore, strong E2F2 expression was detected in nonkeratinizing NPC tissues. We further demonstrated that rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, reduced E2F2 expression and proliferation in NPC cell lines. Conclusions Our study results revealed a novel role for the PPAR-γ–E2F2 pathway in controlling NPC cell proliferation and metastasis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding N, Geng B, Li Z, Yang Q, Yan L, Wan L, Zhang B, Wang C, Xia Y. Fluid shear stress promotes osteoblast proliferation through the NFATc1-ERK5 pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:107-116. [PMID: 29609502 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1459588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is thought to regulate osteoblast proliferation. To further understand how ERK5 signaling regulates osteoblast proliferation induced by fluid shear stress (FSS), we examined some potential signaling targets associated with ERK5 in MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with XMD8-92 (an ERK5 inhibitor) or Cyclosporin A (CsA, a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 inhibitor) and/or exposed to 12 dyn/cm2 FSS. Phosphorylated-ERK5 (p-ERK5) and expression levels of NFATc1, ERK5, E2F2, and cyclin E1 were analyzed by western blot. The mRNA levels of genes associated with cell proliferation were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) array. Subcellular localization of p-ERK5 and NFATc1 were determined by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS NFATc1 expression was up-regulated by FSS. XMD8-92 only blocked ERK5 activation; however, CsA decreased NFATc1 and p-ERK5 levels, including after FSS stimulation. Exposure to NFATc1 inhibitor or ERK5 inhibitor resulted in decreased E2F2 and cyclin E1 expression and proliferation by proliferative MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence results illustrated that NFATc1 induced ERK5 phosphorylation, resulting in p-ERK5 translocation to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that NFATc1 acts as an intermediate to promote the phosphorylation of ERK5 induced by FSS. Moreover, activated NFATc1-ERK5 signaling up-regulates the expression of E2F2 and cyclin E1, which promote osteoblast proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Bin Geng
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Quanzeng Yang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Liang Yan
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Lang Wan
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Bo Zhang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Yayi Xia
- a Department of Orthopaedics , Lanzhou University Second Hospital , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist telmisartan inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth of esophageal adenocarcinoma via the AMPKα/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8536-8549. [PMID: 28052030 PMCID: PMC5352420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan, a widely used antihypertensive drug, is an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB). This drug inhibits cancer cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanisms in various cancers, including esophageal cancer, remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of telmisartan on human esophageal cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We assessed the effects of telmisartan on human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells using the cell lines OE19, OE33, and SKGT-4. Telmisartan inhibited the proliferation of these three cell lines via blockade of the G0 to G1 cell cycle transition. This blockade was accompanied by a strong decrease in cyclin D1, cyclin E, and other cell cycle-related proteins. Notably, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, a fuel sensor signaling pathway, was enhanced by telmisartan. Compound C, which inhibits the two catalytic subunits of AMPK, enhanced the expression of cyclin E, leading to G0/G1 arrest in human EAC cells. In addition, telmisartan reduced the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR) and ERBB2 in vitro. In our in vivo study, intraperitoneal injection of telmisartan led to a 73.2% reduction in tumor growth in mice bearing xenografts derived from OE19 cells. Furthermore, miRNA expression was significantly altered by telmisartan in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, telmisartan suppressed human EAC cell proliferation and tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage and energy dissipation in adipose tissue, and is involved in the control of inflammatory reactions as well as in glucose metabolism through the improvement of insulin sensitivity. Growing evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ has an antineoplastic effect in tumors, including colorectal cancer. High expression of PPARγ is detected in human colon cancer cell lines and adenocarcinoma. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer, and examines current clinical trials evaluating PPARγ agonists as therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Yun Dai, Wei-Hong Wang, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dai Y, Wang WH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010; 2:159-64. [PMID: 21160824 PMCID: PMC2999174 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage and energy dissipation in adipose tissue, and is involved in the control of inflammatory reactions as well as in glucose metabolism through the improvement of insulin sensitivity. Growing evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ has an antineoplastic effect in tumors, including colorectal cancer. High expression of PPARγ is detected in human colon cancer cell lines and adenocarcinoma. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer, and examines current clinical trials evaluating PPARγ agonists as therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Yun Dai, Wei-Hong Wang, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | | |
Collapse
|