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Humphries BA, Zhang A, Buschhaus JM, Bevoor A, Farfel A, Rajendran S, Cutter AC, Luker GD. Enhanced mitochondrial fission inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell migration through an ROS-dependent mechanism. iScience 2023; 26:106788. [PMID: 37235049 PMCID: PMC10206500 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function in signal transduction. Mitochondrial dynamics, encompassing morphological shifts between fission and fusion, can directly impact ROS levels in cancer cells. In this study, we identified an ROS-dependent mechanism for how enhanced mitochondrial fission inhibits triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell migration. We found that enforcing mitochondrial fission in TNBC resulted in an increase in intracellular ROS levels and reduced cell migration and the formation of actin-rich migratory structures. Consistent with mitochondrial fission, increasing ROS levels in cells inhibited cell migration. Conversely, reducing ROS levels with either a global or mitochondrially targeted scavenger overcame the inhibitory effects of mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, we found that the ROS sensitive SHP-1/2 phosphatases partially regulate inhibitory effects of mitochondrial fission on TNBC migration. Overall, our work reveals the inhibitory effects of ROS in TNBC and supports mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johanna M. Buschhaus
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Avinash Bevoor
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alex Farfel
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shrila Rajendran
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alyssa C. Cutter
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Liu X, Qu CK. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2 (PTPN11) in Hematopoiesis and Leukemogenesis. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2011:195239. [PMID: 21799948 PMCID: PMC3135119 DOI: 10.1155/2011/195239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SHP-2 (PTPN11), a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase, is critical for hematopoietic cell development and function owing to its essential role in growth factor/cytokine signaling. More importantly, germline and somatic mutations in this phosphatase are associated with Noonan syndrome, Leopard syndrome, and childhood hematologic malignancies. The molecular mechanisms by which SHP-2 mutations induce these diseases are not fully understood, as the biochemical bases of SHP-2 functions still remain elusive. Further understanding SHP-2 signaling activities and identification of its interacting proteins/substrates will shed light on the pathogenesis of PTPN11-associated hematologic malignancies, which, in turn, may lead to novel therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Zheng X, Mohan S, Otto RA, Natarajan M. Endothelial cell migration was impaired by irradiation-induced inhibition of SHP-2 in radiotherapy: an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:320-328. [PMID: 21515946 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The response of endothelial cells to radiation in the context of wound healing is not yet completely understood. In this study we investigated the mechanism involved in the wound healing process after low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation exposure. A scratch wound model on primary vascular endothelial cell monolayer was exposed to acute dose of 0.1, 2 or 10 Gy. The number of cells crossing the wound border and the wound closure percentage was measured. The expression of α(v)β₃ integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated FAK (tyr397) as well as SHP-2 phosphatase were assayed through immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and optical imaging. Compared to the low dose irradiation, 2 and 10 Gy had remarkably inhibitory effects on cell motility and consequently the wound closure. Integrins α(v) and β₃ showed no irradiation-dose dependent variation. Contrast to the relatively constant level of FAK in all groups, the amount of phosphor-FAK tyr397 was higher with dose increasing. The protein and PCR analysis of SHP-2 revealed an opposite expression pattern to FAK tyr397. In conclusion, radiation-induced inhibition of cell migration could be attributed to the irradiative inhibition to SHP-2 phosphatase, and the subsequent accumulated phosphorylated FAK abrogated the contraction-extension cycle of cytoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Metastatic melanomas express inhibitory low affinity fc gamma receptor and escape humoral immunity. Dermatol Res Pract 2010; 2010:657406. [PMID: 20672001 PMCID: PMC2905727 DOI: 10.1155/2010/657406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research, inspired by the pioneering works of Isaac Witz in the 1980s, established that 40% of human metastatic melanomas express ectopically inhibitory Fc gamma receptors (FcγRIIB), while they are detected on less than 5% of primary cutaneous melanoma and not on melanocytes. We demonstrated that these tumoral FcγRIIB act as decoy receptors that bind the Fc portion of antimelanoma IgG, which may prevent Fc recognition by the effector cells of the immune system and allow the metastatic melanoma to escape the humoral/natural immune response. The FcγRIIB is able to inhibit the ADCC (antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity) in vitro. Interestingly, the percentage of melanoma expressing the FcγRIIB is high (70%) in organs like the liver, which is rich in patrolling NK (natural killer) cells that exercise their antitumoral activity by ADCC. We found that this tumoral FcγRIIB is fully functional and that its inhibitory potential can be triggered depending on the specificity of the anti-tumor antibody with which it interacts.
Together these observations elucidate how metastatic melanomas interact with and potentially evade humoral immunity and provide direction for the improvement of anti-melanoma monoclonal antibody therapy.
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Tikhmyanova N, Little JL, Golemis EA. CAS proteins in normal and pathological cell growth control. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1025-48. [PMID: 19937461 PMCID: PMC2836406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the CAS (Crk-associated substrate) family (BCAR1/p130Cas, NEDD9/HEF1/Cas-L, EFS/SIN and CASS4/HEPL) are integral players in normal and pathological cell biology. CAS proteins act as scaffolds to regulate protein complexes controlling migration and chemotaxis, apoptosis, cell cycle, and differentiation, and have more recently been linked to a role in progenitor cell function. Reflecting these complex functions, over-expression of CAS proteins has now been strongly linked to poor prognosis and increased metastasis in cancer, as well as resistance to first-line chemotherapeutics in multiple tumor types including breast and lung cancers, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Further, CAS proteins have also been linked to additional pathological conditions including inflammatory disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as developmental defects. This review will explore the roles of the CAS proteins in normal and pathological states in the context of the many mechanistic insights into CAS protein function that have emerged in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Tikhmyanova
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
| | - Joy L. Little
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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