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Cai H, Xiong W, Zhu H, Wang Q, Liu S, Lu Z. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in multiple immune cells and its therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209970. [PMID: 37675125 PMCID: PMC10477433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that involves the addition of O-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins, catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). This modification is highly dynamic and can be reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation is widespread in the immune system, which engages in multiple physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. There is substantial evidence indicating that both the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAcylation are critically involved in regulating immune cell function. However, the precise role of O-GlcNAcylation in the immune system needs to be adequately elucidated. This review offers a thorough synopsis of the present research on protein O-GlcNAcylation, accentuating the molecular mechanisms that control immune cells' growth, maturation, and performance via this PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Kouketsu T, Monma R, Miyairi Y, Sawatsubashi S, Shima H, Igarashi K, Sugawara A, Yokoyama A. IRF2BP2 is a novel HNF4α co-repressor: Its role in gluconeogenic gene regulation via biochemically labile interaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 615:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Yokoyama A, Kouketsu T, Otsubo Y, Noro E, Sawatsubashi S, Shima H, Satoh I, Kawamura S, Suzuki T, Igarashi K, Sugawara A. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Androgen Receptor Coregulator, EAP1. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab150. [PMID: 34585037 PMCID: PMC8462380 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in the development of prostate cancer, and androgen-deprivation therapy is used as a first-line treatment for prostate cancer. However, under androgen-deprivation therapy, castration-resistant prostate cancer inevitably arises, suggesting that the interacting transcriptional coregulators of AR are promising targets for developing novel therapeutics. In this study, we used novel proteomic techniques to evaluate the AR interactome, including biochemically labile binding proteins, which might go undetected by conventional purification methods. Using rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins, we identified enhanced at puberty 1 (EAP1) as a novel AR coregulator, whereas its interaction with AR could not be detected under standard biochemical conditions. EAP1 enhanced the transcriptional activity of AR via the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and its ubiquitination substrate proteins included AR and HDAC1. Furthermore, in prostate cancer specimens, EAP1 expression was significantly correlated with AR expression as well as a poor prognosis of prostate cancer. Together, these results suggest that EAP1 is a novel AR coregulator that promotes AR activity and potentially plays a role in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takumi Kouketsu
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuri Otsubo
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Erika Noro
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shun Sawatsubashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ikuro Satoh
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Kawamura
- Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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Yang D, Yang L, Cai J, Hu X, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen X, Dong H, Nie H, Li Y. A sweet spot for macrophages: Focusing on polarization. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105576. [PMID: 33771700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a type of functionally plastic cells that can create a pro-/anti-inflammatory microenvironment for organs by producing different kinds of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to regulate immunity and inflammatory responses. In addition, they can also be induced to adopt different phenotypes in response to extracellular and intracellular signals, a process defined as M1/M2 polarization. Growing evidence indicates that glycobiology is closely associated with this polarization process. In this research, we review studies of the roles of glycosylation, glucose metabolism, and key lectins in the regulation of macrophages function and polarization to provide a new perspective for immunotherapies for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Jialing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Xibo Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xinghe Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Haiyang Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
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Kampa-Schittenhelm KM, Haverkamp T, Bonin M, Tsintari V, Bühring HJ, Haeusser L, Blumenstock G, Dreher ST, Ganief T, Akmut F, Illing B, Mau-Holzmann UA, Bonzheim I, Schleicher E, Vogel W, Schittenhelm MM. Epigenetic activation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase overrides the differentiation blockage in acute leukemia. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102678. [PMID: 32272438 PMCID: PMC7139116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overriding the differentiation blockage in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most successful mode-of-action in leukemia therapy – now curing the vast majority of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based regimens. Similar approaches in other leukemia subtypes, such as IDH1/2-mutated AML, are under active investigation. We herein present successful release of the differentiation blockage upon treatment with the natural (−)-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol isomer dronabinol in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cellular maturation and differentiation were followed in two patients employing whole genome methylation profiling, proteome analyses, NGS deep sequencing and multispectral imaging flow cytometry. For functional studies lentiviral OGT knock-down in vitro and ex vivo cell models were created to evaluate proliferative, apoptotic and differentiating effects of OGT in acute leukemia. Findings In here, we provide molecular evidence that dronbinol is capable to override the differentiation blockage of acute leukemia blasts at the state of the leukemia-initiating clone. We further identify the O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) to be crucial in this process. OGT is a master regulator enzyme adding O-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues in a multitude of target proteins. Aberrant O-GlcNAc modification is implicated in pathologies of metabolic, neurodegenerative and autoimme diseases as well as cancers. We provide evidence that dronabinol induces transcription of OGT via epigenetic hypomethylation of the transcription start site (TSS). A lentiviral OGT-knock out approach proves the central role of OGT exerting antileukemic efficacy via a dual-mechanism of action: High concentrations of dronabinol result in induction of apoptosis, whereas lower concentrations drive cellular maturation. Most intriguingly, overriding of the differentiation blockage of acute leukemia blasts is validated in vivo following two patients treated with dronabinol. Interpretation In conclusion, we provide evidence for overcoming the differentiation blockage in acute leukemia in subentities beyond promyelocytic and IDH1/2-mutated leukemia and thereby identify O-GlcNAcylation as a novel (drugable) field for future leukemia research. Funding Unrestricted grant support by the IZKF Program of the Medical Faculty Tübingen (MMS) and Brigitte Schlieben-Lange Program as well as the Margarete von Wrangell Program of the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (KKS) and Athene Program of the excellence initiative University of Tübingen (KKS).
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kampa-Schittenhelm
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - M Bonin
- Microarray Genechip Facility Tübingen and Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Germany
| | - V Tsintari
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H J Bühring
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Haeusser
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Blumenstock
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - S T Dreher
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Ganief
- Proteome Center Tübingen at the University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Akmut
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - B Illing
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - U A Mau-Holzmann
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Cytogenetics, Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Germany
| | - I Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Schleicher
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Diabetology, Endokrinology, Nephrology, Germany
| | - W Vogel
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M M Schittenhelm
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Clinic of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen (KSSG), Switzerland
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O-GlcNAcylation Signal Mediates Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer Cells by Stabilizing NRF1. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00252-18. [PMID: 29941490 PMCID: PMC6094050 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00252-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often heavily depend on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) for their growth and survival. Irrespective of their strong dependence on the proteasome activity, cancer cells, except for multiple myeloma, are mostly resistant to proteasome inhibitors. Cancer cells often heavily depend on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) for their growth and survival. Irrespective of their strong dependence on the proteasome activity, cancer cells, except for multiple myeloma, are mostly resistant to proteasome inhibitors. A major cause of this resistance is the proteasome bounce-back response mediated by NRF1, a transcription factor that coordinately activates proteasome subunit genes. To identify new targets for efficient suppression of UPS, we explored, using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, the possible existence of nuclear proteins that cooperate with NRF1 and identified O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and host cell factor C1 (HCF-1) as two proteins capable of forming a complex with NRF1. O-GlcNAcylation catalyzed by OGT was essential for NRF1 stabilization and consequent upregulation of proteasome subunit genes. Meta-analysis of breast and colorectal cancers revealed positive correlations in the relative protein abundance of OGT and proteasome subunits. OGT inhibition was effective at sensitizing cancer cells to a proteasome inhibitor both in culture cells and a xenograft mouse model. Since active O-GlcNAcylation is a feature of cancer metabolism, our study has clarified a novel linkage between cancer metabolism and UPS function and added a new regulatory axis to the regulation of the proteasome activity.
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7
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Too sweet to resist: Control of immune cell function by O-GlcNAcylation. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:85-92. [PMID: 29887419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic, reversible posttranslational modification of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. O-GlcNAcylation depends on nutrient availability and the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which produces the donor substrate UDP-GlcNAc. O-GlcNAcylation is mediated by a single enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds GlcNAc and another enzyme, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes O-GlcNAc from proteins. O-GlcNAcylation controls vital cellular processes including transcription, translation, the cell cycle, metabolism, and cellular stress. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in various pathologies including Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Growing evidences indicate that O-GlcNAcylation plays crucial roles in regulating immunity and inflammatory responses, especially under hyperglycemic conditions. This review will highlight the emerging functions of O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian immunity under physiological and various pathological conditions.
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8
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Abstract
O-GlcNAc-ylation is the post-translational addition of an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine to the serine and threonine residues of thousands of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Specifically, half of the thirty different types of protein components in the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are modified by O-GlcNAc, of which the majority are intrinsically disordered nucleoporins (Nups) containing multiple phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats. Moreover, these FG-Nups form a strict selectivity barrier with a high density of O-GlcNAc in the NPC to mediate bidirectional trafficking between the cytoplasm and nucleus. However, the roles that O-GlcNAc plays in the structure and function of the NPC remain obscure. In this review paper, we will discuss the current knowledge of O-GlcNAc-ylated Nups, highlight some new techniques used to probe O-GlcNAc's roles in the nuclear pore, and finally propose a new model for the effect of O-GlcNAc on the NPC's permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ruba
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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9
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Kolybaba A, Classen AK. Sensing cellular states--signaling to chromatin pathways targeting Polycomb and Trithorax group function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:477-93. [PMID: 24728925 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to extra- and intra-cellular signals by dynamically changing their gene expression patterns. After termination of the original signal, new expression patterns are maintained by epigenetic DNA and histone modifications. This represents a powerful mechanism that enables long-term phenotypic adaptation to transient signals. Adaptation of epigenetic landscapes is important for mediating cellular differentiation during development and allows adjustment to altered environmental conditions throughout life. Work over the last decade has begun to elucidate the way that extra- and intra-cellular signals lead to changes in gene expression patterns by directly modulating the function of chromatin-associated proteins. Here, we review key signaling-to-chromatin pathways that are specifically thought to target Polycomb and Trithorax group complexes, a classic example of epigenetically acting gene silencers and activators important in development, stem cell differentiation and cancer. We discuss the influence that signals triggered by kinase cascades, metabolic fluctuations and cell-cycle dynamics have on the function of these protein complexes. Further investigation into these pathways will be important for understanding the mechanisms that maintain epigenetic stability and those that promote epigenetic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addie Kolybaba
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Faculty of Biology, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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10
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Baudoin L, Issad T. O-GlcNAcylation and Inflammation: A Vast Territory to Explore. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:235. [PMID: 25620956 PMCID: PMC4288382 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the activities of cytosolic and nuclear proteins according to glucose availability. This modification appears to participate in several hyperglycemia-associated complications. An important feature of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity is the presence of a low-grade chronic inflammation that causes numerous complications. Hyperglycemia associated with the metabolic syndrome is known to promote inflammatory processes through different mechanisms including oxidative stress and abnormally elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation on inflammation remains contradictory. O-GlcNAcylation associated with hyperglycemia has been shown to increase nuclear factor κB (NFκB) transcriptional activity through different mechanisms. This could contribute in inflammation-associated diabetic complications. However, in other conditions such as acute vascular injury, O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) also exerts anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the NFκB pathway, suggesting a complex regulation of inflammation by O-GlcNAc. Moreover, whereas macrophages and monocytes exposed to high glucose for a long-term period developed a pro-inflammatory phenotype, the impact of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells remains unclear. A future challenge will be to clearly establish the role of O-GlcNAcylation in pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Baudoin
- UMR8104, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- U1016, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- UMR8104, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- U1016, INSERM, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Tarik Issad, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, Paris 75014, France e-mail:
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11
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Abstract
To maintain homeostasis under variable nutrient conditions, cells rapidly and robustly respond to fluctuations through adaptable signaling networks. Evidence suggests that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues functions as a critical regulator of intracellular signaling cascades in response to nutrient changes. O-GlcNAc is a highly regulated, reversible modification poised to integrate metabolic signals and acts to influence many cellular processes, including cellular signaling, protein stability, and transcription. This review describes the role O-GlcNAc plays in governing both integrated cellular processes and the activity of individual proteins in response to nutrient levels. Moreover, we discuss the ways in which cellular changes in O-GlcNAc status may be linked to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancers, providing a unique window through which to identify and treat disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Bond
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
| | - John A. Hanover
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
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12
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Ruan HB, Han X, Li MD, Singh JP, Qian K, Azarhoush S, Zhao L, Bennett AM, Samuel VT, Wu J, Yates JR, Yang X. O-GlcNAc transferase/host cell factor C1 complex regulates gluconeogenesis by modulating PGC-1α stability. Cell Metab 2012; 16:226-37. [PMID: 22883232 PMCID: PMC3480732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A major cause of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is inappropriate hepatic gluconeogenesis. PGC-1α is a master regulator of gluconeogenesis, and its activity is controlled by various posttranslational modifications. A small portion of glucose metabolizes through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which leads to O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. Using a proteomic approach, we identified a broad variety of proteins associated with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), among which host cell factor C1 (HCF-1) is highly abundant. HCF-1 recruits OGT to O-GlcNAcylate PGC-1α, and O-GlcNAcylation facilitates the binding of the deubiquitinase BAP1, thus protecting PGC-1α from degradation and promoting gluconeogenesis. Glucose availability modulates gluconeogenesis through the regulation of PGC-1α O-GlcNAcylation and stability by the OGT/HCF-1 complex. Hepatic knockdown of OGT and HCF-1 improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. These findings define the OGT/HCF-1 complex as a glucose sensor and key regulator of gluconeogenesis, shedding light on new strategies for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Ruan
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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13
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Hanover JA, Krause MW, Love DC. linking metabolism to epigenetics through O-GlcNAcylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:312-21. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zachara NE. The roles of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1905-18. [PMID: 22287582 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00445.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 1,000 proteins of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria are dynamically modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), an essential post-translational modification of metazoans. O-GlcNAc, which modifies Ser/Thr residues, is thought to regulate protein function in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation and, on a subset of proteins, appears to have a reciprocal relationship with phosphorylation. Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels change dynamically in response to numerous signals including hyperglycemia and cellular injury. Recent data suggests that O-GlcNAc appears to be a key regulator of the cellular stress response, the augmentation of which is protective in models of acute vascular injury, trauma hemorrhage, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In contrast to these studies, O-GlcNAc has also been implicated in the development of hypertension and type II diabetes, leading to vascular and cardiac dysfunction. Here we summarize the current understanding of the roles of O-GlcNAc in the heart and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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15
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Fujiki R, Hashiba W, Sekine H, Yokoyama A, Chikanishi T, Ito S, Imai Y, Kim J, He HH, Igarashi K, Kanno J, Ohtake F, Kitagawa H, Roeder RG, Brown M, Kato S. GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination. Nature 2011; 480:557-60. [PMID: 22121020 DOI: 10.1038/nature10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin reorganization is governed by multiple post-translational modifications of chromosomal proteins and DNA. These histone modifications are reversible, dynamic events that can regulate DNA-driven cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate histone modification patterns remain largely unknown. In metazoans, reversible protein modification by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is catalysed by two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). However, the significance of GlcNAcylation in chromatin reorganization remains elusive. Here we report that histone H2B is GlcNAcylated at residue S112 by OGT in vitro and in living cells. Histone GlcNAcylation fluctuated in response to extracellular glucose through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). H2B S112 GlcNAcylation promotes K120 monoubiquitination, in which the GlcNAc moiety can serve as an anchor for a histone H2B ubiquitin ligase. H2B S112 GlcNAc was localized to euchromatic areas on fly polytene chromosomes. In a genome-wide analysis, H2B S112 GlcNAcylation sites were observed widely distributed over chromosomes including transcribed gene loci, with some sites co-localizing with H2B K120 monoubiquitination. These findings suggest that H2B S112 GlcNAcylation is a histone modification that facilitates H2BK120 monoubiquitination, presumably for transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Fujiki
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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