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Nowak P, Bil-Lula I, Śliwińska-Mossoń M. A Cross-Talk about Radioresistance in Lung Cancer-How to Improve Radiosensitivity According to Chinese Medicine and Medicaments That Commonly Occur in Pharmacies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11206. [PMID: 37446385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the population and is characterized by non-specific symptoms that delay the diagnosis and reduce the effectiveness of oncological treatment. Due to the difficult placement of the tumor, one of the main methods of lung cancer treatment is radiotherapy, which damages the DNA of cancer cells, inducing their apoptosis. However, resistance to ionizing radiation may develop during radiotherapy cycles, leading to an increase in the number of DNA points of control that protect cells from apoptosis. Cancer stem cells are essential for radioresistance, and due to their ability to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition, they modify the phenotype, bypassing the genotoxic effect of radiotherapy. It is therefore necessary to search for new methods that could improve the cytotoxic effect of cells through new mechanisms of action. Chinese medicine, with several thousand years of tradition, offers a wide range of possibilities in the search for compounds that could be used in conventional medicine. This review introduces the potential candidates that may present a radiosensitizing effect on lung cancer cells, breaking their radioresistance. Additionally, it includes candidates taken from conventional medicine-drugs commonly available in pharmacies, which may also be significant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nowak
- Scientific Club of Specialized Biological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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The Treatment of Heterotopic Human Colon Xenograft Tumors in Mice with 5-Fluorouracil Attached to Magnetic Nanoparticles in Combination with Magnetic Hyperthermia Is More Efficient than Either Therapy Alone. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092562. [PMID: 32916798 PMCID: PMC7566013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown promising features to be utilized in combinatorial magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy. Here, we assessed if a thermo-chemotherapeutic approach consisting of the intratumoral application of functionalized chitosan-coated MNPs (CS-MNPs) with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and magnetic hyperthermia prospectively improves the treatment of colorectal cancer. With utilization of a human colorectal cancer (HT29) heterotopic tumor model in mice, we showed that the thermo-chemotherapeutic treatment is more efficient in inactivating colon cancer than either tumor treatments alone (i.e., magnetic hyperthermia vs. the presence of 5FU attached to MNPs). In particular, the thermo-chemotherapeutic treatment significantly (p < 0.01) impacts tumor volume and tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 expression, p < 0.001) compared to the single therapy modalities. The thermo-chemotherapeutic treatment: (a) affects DNA replication and repair as measured by H2AX and phosphorylated H2AX expression (p < 0.05 to 0.001), (b) it does not distinctly induce apoptosis nor necroptosis in target cells, since expression of p53, PARP cleaved-PARP, caspases and phosphorylated-RIP3 was non-conspicuous, (c) it renders tumor cells surviving therapy more sensitive to further therapy sessions as indicated by an increased expression of p53, reduced expression of NF-κB and HSPs, albeit by tendency with p > 0.05), and (d) that it impacts tumor vascularity (reduced expression of CD31 and αvβ3 integrin (p < 0.01 to 0.001) and consequently nutrient supply to tumors. We further hypothesize that tumor cells die, at least in parts, via a ROS dependent mechanism called oxeiptosis. Taken together, a very effective elimination of colon cancers seems to be feasible by utilization of repeated thermo-chemotherapeutic therapy sessions in the long-term.
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Wang Z, Shen W, Li X, Feng Y, Qian K, Wang G, Gao Y, Xu X, Zhang S, Yue L, Cao J. The PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3099-3110. [PMID: 32801648 PMCID: PMC7410396 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s242557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose As radiation therapy is widely used for the management of pancreatic cancer, identifying novel targets to improve the radiosensitivity of cancer cells is beneficial. Rosiglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, has an inhibitory effect on various types of cancer cells. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the radiosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells and the potential mechanism. Materials and Methods PPARγ expression in pancreatic cancer and adjacent tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry analysis. The viability, migration and invasion ability of PANC1 and PaTu8988 cells were detected using MTT assay, scratch-wound assay and transwell invasion assay. The effect of rosiglitazone on radiosensitivity of the cells was determined using the clonogenic assay. PANC1 cells were inoculated into BALB/c mice to establish tumors. Microarray was used to investigate changes of genes involved. Results Higher PPARγ expression was demonstrated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues. Rosiglitazone inhibited the cell viability and enhanced the radiation-induced anti-migration and anti-invasion effect. Rosiglitazone potentiated the radiosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells and PANC1 xenografts. Microarray analysis revealed that rosiglitazone plus radiation altered the expression of multiple genes and affected multiple pathways. Conclusion Rosiglitazone enhances the radiosensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via complex mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anshan Cancer Hospital, Anshan 114036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Gao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215400, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection (SRMP) of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Wang W, Wu X, Liu W, Ding F. miR-16-5p modulates the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells via regulating coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1. Pathol Int 2019; 70:12-20. [PMID: 31872565 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the expression of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and miR-16-5p in cervical cancer (CC), and explore their roles in radioresistance. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of CARM1 in tissues and cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-16-5p. CC cells received different doses of X-ray exposure, and then cell counting kit-8 method and colony formation assay were used to detect cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Then we used Targetscan database to predict that CARM1 is a potential target of miR-16-5p, and further verified the targeting relationship between them by western blot, RT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter experiments. We demonstrated that CARM1 were highly expressed in CC tissues and radio-resistant CC cells, while miR-16-5p expression was low. Under irradiation, up-regulation of CARM1 can induce radiotherapy resistance of CC cells, while overexpression of miR-16-5p or CARM1 knockdown could inhibit the survival of CC cell and induced apoptosis. CARM1 was verified as a target for miR-16-5p. Besides, up-regulation of CARM1 reversed the increase in radiosensitivity induced by miR-16-5p. Collectively, we concluded that miR-16-5p promoted the radiosensitivity of CC cells by targeting CARM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Fengna Ding
- Department of Gynaecology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
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Lian B, Ren Y, Zhang H, Lin T, Wang Y. An adenosine derivative (IFC-305) reduced the risk of radiation-induced intestinal toxicity in the treatment of colon cancer by suppressing the methylation of PPAR-r promoter. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109202. [PMID: 31545232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFC-305, an adenosine derivative, has been proved to exert a therapeutic effect on radiation-induced intestinal toxicity in colon cancer (CC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of protective role of IFC-305 in CC by modifying the methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-r promoter. METHOD Peripheral blood and cancerous tissues samples were collected from the CC patients. Irradiation (IR) mice models were established in comparison with control mice accordingly. Bisulfite sequencing, real-time PCR, Western-blot analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining were performed upon both human and animal samples. RESULT The results upon the human CC samples demonstrated that the level of methylation of PPAR-r promoter in methylated patients was increased, while the risk of radiation-induced intestinal toxicity in methylated patients was also increased compared with unmethylated patients. Also, the PPAR-r mRNA/protein expression was lower in methylated patients compared with unmethylated patients, thus indicating the presence of PPAR-r promoter methylation repressed PPAR-r expression in vivo. Moreover, in the mice models, IFC-305 treatment partially alleviated radiation-induced toxicity in the columnar epithelia and tubular glands of IR mice, and villus height and the number/circumference of crypts were also increased while the relative number of inflammatory cells was decreased in IR + IFC-305 mice group compared with the control mice. Compared with the control group, the levels of PPAR-r mRNA/protein expression were significantly decreased in IR mice, while the presence of IFC-305 exerted therapeutic effect upon IR rats via elevating the PPAR-r mRNA/protein expression to a certain extent. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated the relationship between PPAR-r promoter methylation and the risk of radiation-induced intestinal toxicity via studying the clinical samples collected from CC patients. And the study upon mice models suggested that the administration of IFC-305 could alleviate radiation-induced intestinal toxicity through decreasing the methylation of PPAR-r promoter and enhancing the expression of PPAR-r in IR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongpeng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Wu KH, Lee WJ, Cheng TC, Chang HW, Chen LC, Chen CC, Lien HM, Lin TN, Ho YS. Study of the antitumor mechanisms of apiole derivatives (AP-02) from Petroselinum crispum through induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human COLO 205 cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:188. [PMID: 31351461 PMCID: PMC6660667 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Apiole was isolated from the leaves of various plants and vegetables and has been demonstrated to inhibit human colon cancer cell (COLO 205 cells) growth through induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. This study further explored the antitumor effects of apiole derivatives AP-02, 04, and 05 in COLO 205 cancer cells. Methods Human breast (MDA-MB-231, ZR75), lung (A549, PE089), colon (COLO 205, HT 29), and hepatocellular (Hep G2, Hep 3B) cancer cells were treated with apiole and its derivatives in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis was subsequently performed to determine the mechanism of AP-02-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The in vivo antitumor effect of AP-02 (1 and 5 mg/kg, administered twice per week) was examined by treating athymic nude mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts. The molecular mechanisms of AP-02-induced antitumor effects were determined using western blot analysis. Results AP-02 was the most effective compound, especially for inhibition of COLO 205 colon cancer cell growth. The cytotoxicity of AP-02 in normal colon epithelial (FHC) cells was significantly lower than that in other normal cells derived from the breast, lung or liver. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that AP-02-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in COLO 205 cells but not in HT 29 cells (< 5 μM for 24 h, **p < 0.01). Tumor growth volume was also significantly inhibited in AP-02 (> 1 mg/kg)-treated athymic nude mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts compared to control mice (*p < 0.05). Furthermore, G0/G1 phase regulatory proteins (p53 and p21/Cip1) and an invasion suppressor protein (E-cadherin) were significantly upregulated, while cyclin D1 was significantly downregulated, in AP-02-treated tumor tissues compared to the control group (> 1 mg/kg, *p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results provide in vitro and in vivo molecular evidence of AP-02-induced anti-proliferative effects on colon cancer, indicating that this compound might have potential clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2590-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dang YF, Jiang XN, Gong FL, Guo XL. New insights into molecular mechanisms of rosiglitazone in monotherapy or combination therapy against cancers. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:162-170. [PMID: 30278161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (ROSI), a member of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) which act as high-affinity agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), is clinically used as an antidiabetic drug which could attenuate the insulin resistance associated with obesity, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance in humans. However, recent studies reported that ROSI had significant anticancer effects on various human malignant tumor cells. Mounting evidence indicated that ROSI could exert anticancer effects through PPARγ-dependent or PPARγ-independent ways. In this review, we summarized the PPARγ-dependent antitumor activities of ROSI, which included apoptosis induction, inhibition of cell proliferation and cancer metastasis, reversion of multidrug resistance, reduction of immune suppression, autophagy induction, and antiangiogenesis; and the PPARγ-independent antitumor activities of ROSI, which included inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), increasing MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression and regulation of other apoptosis-related cell factors. In addition, we discussed the anti-cancer application of ROSI by monotherapy or combination therapy with present chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we reviewed the phase I cancer clinical trials related to ROSI combined with chemotherapeutics and phase II trials about the anti-cancer effects of ROSI monotherapy and the radiotherapy sensitivity of ROSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ning Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Fu-Lian Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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Research Advances in the Correlation between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ and Digestive Cancers. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:5289859. [PMID: 29483923 PMCID: PMC5816837 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5289859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a class of ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, which is a member of type II nuclear receptor superfamily. Previous studies demonstrate that PPARγ is expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and is closely associated with the proliferation and prognosis of digestive system tumors by its roles in mediation of cell differentiation, induction of cell apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Liu Y, Jin PP, Sun XC, Hu TT. Thiazolidinediones and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:75-81. [PMID: 29637913 PMCID: PMC5900477 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_295_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A growing body of evidence has suggested that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) potentially reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TZDs on CRC risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was performed for studies evaluating the exposure to TZDs and reporting CRC risk in diabetic patients. Pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed or random effects models. RESULTS A total of 10 observational studies reporting more than 18,972 CRC cases in 2,470,768 DM patients were included. Meta-analysis showed a 9% reduction in CRC risk associated with TZDs use in all studies [relative risk (RR) =0.91, 95% CI = 0.84-0.99, P = 0.03] and cohort studies (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-0.99, P = 0.04), respectively. However, such effect was not shown in case-control studies. In subgroup analyses, lower CRC risk was found in Asian population (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.29-0.53, P = 0.00), and a trend toward lower CRC risk was observed in US population (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88-1.01, P = 0.08). CRC risk was significantly modified with non-pioglitazone TZD use (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.95, P = 0.00), but not with pioglitazone use (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.89-1.01, P = 0.11). No significant difference was observed with cancer site (colon or rectum). There was considerable inherent heterogeneity across studies, partly explained by study location. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supports a protective association between TZDs use and CRC risk in patients with DM. Future well-designed prospective studies with larger cohorts would be needed to understand this association better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao-Piao Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Cheng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ting-Ting Hu, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. E-mail:
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Shafiei-Irannejad V, Samadi N, Salehi R, Yousefi B, Zarghami N. New insights into antidiabetic drugs: Possible applications in cancer treatment. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:1056-1066. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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An Z, Yu JR, Park WY. Rosiglitazone enhances radiosensitivity by inhibiting repair of DNA damage in cervical cancer cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2017; 56:89-98. [PMID: 28184999 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the main treatment modalities for cervical cancer. Rosiglitazone (ROSI) has been reported to have antiproliferative effects against various types of cancer cells and also to induce antioxidant enzymes that can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby modify radiosensitivity. Here, we explored the effect of ROSI on radiosensitivity and the underlying mechanisms in cervical cancer cells. Three cervical cancer cell lines (ME-180, HeLa, and SiHa) were used. The cells were pretreated with ROSI and then irradiated. Expression of proteins of interest was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. Intracellular production of ROS was measured by H2DCFDA. Radiosensitivity was assessed by monitoring clonogenic survival. Expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutases) was increased by ROSI in HeLa and SiHa cells, but not in ME-180 cells. With ROSI pre-treatment, cell survival after irradiation remained unchanged in HeLa and SiHa cells, but decreased in ME-180 cells. Radiation-induced expression of γ-H2AX was increased and that of RAD51 was decreased by ROSI pre-treatment in ME-180 cells, but not in HeLa cells. ROSI increases radiosensitivity by inhibiting RAD51-mediated repair of DNA damage in some cervical cancer cell lines; therefore, ROSI is a potential inhibitor of RAD51 that can be used to enhance the effect of RT in the treatment of some cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe An
- Department of Environmental and Tropical Medicine, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental and Tropical Medicine, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Yoon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 52 Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Mangoni M, Sottili M, Gerini C, Desideri I, Bastida C, Pallotta S, Castiglione F, Bonomo P, Meattini I, Greto D, Cappelli S, Di Brina L, Loi M, Biti G, Livi L. A PPAR-gamma agonist protects from radiation-induced intestinal toxicity. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:218-226. [PMID: 28344789 PMCID: PMC5349355 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616640443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-neoplastic properties, the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone is an interesting drug for investigating for use in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced intestinal damage. We aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of rosiglitazone in a murine model of acute intestinal damage, assessing whether radioprotection is selective for normal tissues or also occurs in tumour cells. METHODS Mice were total-body irradiated (12 Gy), with or without rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg/day). After 24 and 72 hours, mice were sacrificed and the jejunum was collected. HT-29 human colon cancer cells were irradiated with a single dose of 2 (1000 cells), 4 (1500 cells) or 6 (2000 cells) Gy, with or without adding rosiglitazone (20 µM) 1 hour before irradiation. HT-29-xenografted CD1 mice were irradiated (16 Gy) with or without rosiglitazone; tumour volumes were measured for 33 days. RESULTS Rosiglitazone markedly reduced histological signs of altered bowel structures, that is, villi shortening, submucosal thickening, necrotic changes in crypts, oedema, apoptosis, and inflammatory infiltrate induced by irradiation. Rosiglitazone significantly decreased p-NF-kB p65 phosphorylation and TGFβ protein expression at 24 and 72 hours post-irradiation and significantly decreased gene expression of Collagen1, Mmp13, Tnfα and Bax at 24 hours and p53 at 72 hours post-irradiation. Rosiglitazone reduced HT-29 clonogenic survival, but only produced a slight reduction of xenograft tumour growth. CONCLUSION Rosiglitazone exerts a protective effect on normal tissues and reduces alterations in bowel structures and inflammation in a radiation-induced bowel toxicity model, without interfering with the radiation effect on HT-29 cancer cells. PPAR-γ agonists should be further investigated for their application in abdominal and pelvic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mangoni
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Mariangela Sottili
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Chiara Gerini
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Cinzia Bastida
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Stefania Pallotta
- Medical Physic Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Francesca Castiglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonomo
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Icro Meattini
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Daniela Greto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Sabrina Cappelli
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Lucia Di Brina
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Giampaolo Biti
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of
Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze,
Italy
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13
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Zheng L, Chen J, Zhou Z, He Z. miR-195 enhances the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing CARM1. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1027-1038. [PMID: 28255246 PMCID: PMC5325097 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s125067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Aberrant expression of miR-195 has been found to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its function and underlying mechanism in the radioresistance of CRC remains unclear. METHODS The levels of miR-195 and CARM1 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells, respectively. Colony survival and apoptosis were determined by clonogenic assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and γ-H2AX were detected using Western blot. The targets of miR-195 were identified by bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assays. CRC cells in vitro and in vivo were exposed to different doses of X-ray radiations. RESULTS miR-195 was downregulated, and CARM1 was upregulated in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. miR-195 overexpression or CARM1 knockdown suppressed colony survival, induced apoptosis, promoted expression of Bax and γ-H2AX, and inhibited Bcl-2 expression in CRC cells. CARM1 was identified and validated to be a functional target of miR-195. Moreover, restored expression of CARM1 reversed the enhanced radiosensitivity of CRC cells induced by miR-195. Furthermore, miR-195 increased the sensitivity of CRC cells to radiation in vivo. CONCLUSION miR-195 enhances radiosensitivity of CRC cells through suppressing CARM1. Therefore, miR-195 acts as a potential regulator of radioresistance for CRC cells and as a promising therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikuan He
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
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14
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Vynnytska-Myronovska BO, Kurlishchuk Y, Chen O, Bobak Y, Dittfeld C, Hüther M, Kunz-Schughart LA, Stasyk OV. Arginine starvation in colorectal carcinoma cells: Sensing, impact on translation control and cell cycle distribution. Exp Cell Res 2016; 341:67-74. [PMID: 26751966 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells rely on a continued exogenous nutrient supply in order to maintain a high proliferative activity. Although a strong dependence of some tumor types on exogenous arginine sources has been reported, the mechanisms of arginine sensing by tumor cells and the impact of changes in arginine availability on translation and cell cycle regulation are not fully understood. The results presented herein state that human colorectal carcinoma cells rapidly exhaust the internal arginine sources in the absence of exogenous arginine and repress global translation by activation of the GCN2-mediated pathway and inhibition of mTOR signaling. Tumor suppressor protein p53 activation and G1/G0 cell cycle arrest support cell survival upon prolonged arginine starvation. Cells with the mutant or deleted TP53 fail to stop cell cycle progression at defined cell cycle checkpoints which appears to be associated with reduced recovery after durable metabolic stress triggered by arginine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena O Vynnytska-Myronovska
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov str., 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuliya Kurlishchuk
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov str., 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleh Chen
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov str., 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yaroslav Bobak
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov str., 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Claudia Dittfeld
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Hüther
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Oleh V Stasyk
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov str., 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
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15
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Lauková J, Kozubík A, Hofmanová J, Nekvindová J, Sova P, Moyer MP, Ehrmann J, Hyršlová Vaculová A. Loss of PTEN Facilitates Rosiglitazone-Mediated Enhancement of Platinum(IV) Complex LA-12-Induced Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141020. [PMID: 26492315 PMCID: PMC4619604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated for the first time an outstanding ability of rosiglitazone to mediate a profound enhancement of LA-12-induced apoptosis associated with activation of mitochondrial pathway in human colon cancer cells. This effect was preferentially observed in the G1 cell cycle phase, independent on p53 and PPARγ proteins, and accompanied with significant changes of selected Bcl-2 family protein levels. Further stimulation of cooperative synergic cytotoxic action of rosiglitazone and LA-12 was demonstrated in the cells deficient for PTEN, where mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was more stimulated and G1-phase-associated dying was reinforced. Our results suggest that combined treatment with rosiglitazone and LA-12 might be promising anticancer strategy in colon-derived tumours regardless of their p53 status, and also favourable in those defective in PTEN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Lauková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nekvindová
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sova
- Platinum Pharmaceuticals, a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary Pat Moyer
- INCELL Corporation LLC, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiří Ehrmann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Abstract
AIMS This review is aimed at highlighting the potential mitogenic/tumour growth-promoting or antimitogenic/tumour growth-inhibiting effects of the main antihyperglycaemic drug classes. METHODS We review and discuss the most current studies evaluating the association between antidiabetic medications used in clinical practice and malignancies as described so far. RESULTS Metformin seems to be the only antidiabetic drug to exert protective effects both on monotherapy and also when combined with other oral antidiabetic drugs or insulins in several site-specific cancers. In contrast, several other drug classes may increase cancer risk. Some reason for concern remains regarding sulphonylureas and also the incretin-based therapies regarding pancreas and thyroid cancers and the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors as well as pioglitazone regarding bladder cancer. The majority of meta-analyses suggest that there is no evidence for a causal relationship between insulin glargine and elevated cancer risk, although the studies have been controversially discussed. For α-glucosidase inhibitors and glinides, neutral or only few data upon cancer risk exist. CONCLUSION Although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, a potential risk of mitogenicity and tumour growth promotion cannot be excluded in case of several antidiabetic drug classes. However, more large-scale, randomized, well-designed clinical studies with especially long follow-up time periods are needed to get reliable answers to these safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Z Lutz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Division of Nutritional and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Joshi H, Pal T, Ramaa CS. A new dawn for the use of thiazolidinediones in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:501-10. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.884708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Chen FZ, Mo XM, Wang QP, Li J, Zhang L. Effects of rosiglitazone on the growth and lymphangiogenesis of human gastric cancer transplanted in nude mice. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2705-12. [PMID: 24002492 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer mainly metastasizes via lymphatic vessels. Thus, it is critical to identify efficacious chemopreventive agents for lymphangiogenesis. The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of rosiglitazone (ROSI) on the growth and lymphangiogenesis of human gastric cancer. We established a model of gastric cancer by subcutaneously inoculating the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 into nude mice. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and each group received a different agent by oral gavage. The control group received normal saline and treatment groups received different doses of ROSI once every 2 days. The growth of the tumor in vivo was assessed by measuring tumor volume. After 42 days, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were removed. H&E staining was used to observe the histomorphological features; immunohistochemistry staining for lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was used to evaluate tumor lymphangiogenesis, RT-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), and western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3. Compared with the control group, all treatment groups had smaller tumor volume and higher tumor growth inhibitory rate every day. The number of typical tumor cells in the control group was higher compared to that in the treatment groups, and the highest level of LVD was found in the control group. Furthermore, both the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA and proteins in the control group were significantly higher compared to those in the treatment groups. Markedly, these changes were correlated in a dose-dependent manner with ROSI. These results demonstrated that, through simultaneously blocking the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3, ROSI suppresses lymphangiogenesis. This may represent a powerful therapeutic approach for controlling gastric cancer cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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19
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Cheng G, Kong D, Hou X, Liang B, He M, Liang N, Ma S, Liu X. The tumor suppressor, p53, contributes to radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells by regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 28:153-9. [PMID: 23268708 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell death is one of the most important endpoints of radiosensitivity. The tumor suppressor p53 participates not only in regulation of apoptosis, but also in autophagy mechanism. In this study, H1299-P53 (with wild-type p53) and H1299-175H (with mutant 175H) were used, and the effects of p53 on radiosensitivity were analyzed. METHODS Cell models with different p53 status were established by gene engineering, and cell viability was examined by colony formation assay, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 3-Methyladenine, and Z-VAD were used to block autophagy and apoptosis, respectively. Western blot was used to detect protein expression; monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining was used to analyze autophagy rate; DAPI/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry were used to assess apoptosis and necrosis. RESULTS In parental H1299, H1299-P53, and H1299-175H cells, radiosensitivity exhibited different by colony formation and CCK-8 assay (D0: 1.764 Gy, 1.407 Gy and 1.695 Gy; Dq: 2.977 Gy, 1.199 Gy and 2.312 Gy in turn). The radiosensitization of p53 was associated with the increase of MDM2 and P21 expression. The ionizing radiation (IR)-induced apoptosis was significant in H1299-P53 compared with in H1299 and H199-175H (p < 0.05) by flow cytometry, and the expression of cleaved-caspase3 was increased in H1299-P53 cells. While the IR-induced autophagy was significant in H1299 cells (p < 0.01) and decreased in H1299-P53 and H1299-175H cells (p < 0.01) by MDC staining, the expression of MAPLC3II and Beclin-1 increased in H1299, but not in H1299-p53 and H199-175H cells. The IR-induced cell survival was significantly increased by Z-VAD-FMK and decreased by 3MA in H1299-P53 cells; IR- induced autophagy was significantly increased by Z-VAD-FMK in H1299-P53 cells (p < 0.01), but not changed in H1299 cells. CONCLUSION p53 could regulate radiosensitivity by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis; autophagy provides a prosurvival mechanism, and p53 potently abrogated the IR-induced autophagy, while mutant 175H shown no effect on radiosensitivity, suggesting that individual treatment strategies should be based on p53 status in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Yang X, So WY, Ma RCW, Yu LWL, Kong APS, Lee HM, Xu G, Ozaki R, Ko GTC, Chan JCN. Use of thiazolidinedione and cancer risk in Type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong diabetes registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 97:e13-7. [PMID: 22502769 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined possible anticancer effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in 6074 Chinese with Type 2 diabetes free of cancer at enrolment. During a median follow-up of 4.93 years, 270 patients developed cancer. Use of TZDs was associated with reduced risk of cancer in a dose-response manner in multivariable analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Cyclic phosphatidic acid decreases proliferation and survival of colon cancer cells by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010; 93:126-33. [PMID: 20932931 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), a structural analog of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is one of the simplest phospholipids found in every cell type. cPA is a specific, high-affinity antagonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ); however, the molecular mechanism by which cPA inhibits cellular proliferation remains to be clarified. In this study, we found that inhibition of PPARγ prevents proliferation of human colon cancer HT-29 cells. cPA suppressed cell growth, and this effect was reversed by the addition of a PPARγ agonist. These results indicate that the physiological effects of cPA are partly due to PPARγ inhibition. Our results identify PPARγ as a molecular mediator of cPA activity in HT-29 cells, and suggest that cPA and the PPARγ pathway might be therapeutic targets in the treatment of colon cancer.
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