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Yee EJ, Vigil I, Sun Y, Torphy RJ, Schulick RD, Zhu Y. Group XIV C-type lectins: emerging targets in tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:173-192. [PMID: 38468017 PMCID: PMC11021320 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectins, distinguished by a C-type lectin binding domain (CTLD), are an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of glycoproteins that are implicated in a broad range of physiologic processes. The group XIV subfamily of CTLDs are comprised of CD93, CD248/endosialin, CLEC14a, and thrombomodulin/CD141, and have important roles in creating and maintaining blood vessels, organizing extracellular matrix, and balancing pro- and anti-coagulative processes. As such, dysregulation in the expression and downstream signaling pathways of these proteins often lead to clinically relevant pathology. Recently, group XIV CTLDs have been shown to play significant roles in cancer progression, namely tumor angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination. Interest in therapeutically targeting tumor vasculature is increasing and the search for novel angiogenic targets is ongoing. Group XIV CTLDs have emerged as key moderators of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, thus offering substantial therapeutic promise for the clinic. Herein, we review our current knowledge of group XIV CTLDs, discuss each's role in malignancy and associated potential therapeutic avenues, briefly discuss group XIV CTLDs in the context of two other relevant lectin families, and offer future direction in further elucidating mechanisms by which these proteins function and facilitate tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J Yee
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, RC1-North, P18-8116, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Isaac Vigil
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, RC1-North, P18-8116, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, RC1-North, P18-8116, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Robert J Torphy
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Schulick
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, RC1-North, P18-8116, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Avenue, RC1-North, P18-8116, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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2
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Park S, Lee YW, Oh J, Kim SJ, Lee S, Lee H. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of radiolabeled intraocular anti-CLEC14a antibody in preclinical animal species and application in humans. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2938-2946. [PMID: 36129122 PMCID: PMC9747121 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic antibodies are widely used in the treatment of neovascular macular degeneration. Human antibody targeting C-type lectin domain family 14 member A (CLEC14a) is potential therapeutic agents owing to its antiangiogenic activity. In the present study, we aimed to predict the human intraocular pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of an anti-CLEC14a antibody. I-125 labeled aflibercept and anti-CLEC14a antibody were intravitreally injected into mice, rats, and rabbits. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging was performed, and the intraocular radioactivity concentration (%ID/ml) was obtained. The PK parameters in those three animal species were obtained by compartmental analysis. The PK parameters in humans were estimated by allometric scaling of the animal PK parameters with consideration of the hydrodynamic radius of the antibody. The mean half-life values of intraocular I-125-labeled aflibercept in mice, rats, and rabbits were 1.13 days, 1.25 days, and 4.91 days, respectively, by analysis with a one-compartment model. The predicted human half-life of intraocular aflibercept was 5.75 days based on vitreal volume by allometric scaling. The half-life values of intraocular I-125-labeled anti-CLEC14a in mice, rats and rabbits were 1.05 days, 1.84 days, and 6.37 days, respectively, by analysis with a one-compartment model. The predicted human half-life of intraocular anti-CLEC14a was 10.29 days based on vitreal volume. According to the hydrodynamic volume of the anti-CLEC14a, the predicted human half-life of intraocular anti-CLEC14a was 9.81 days. The PK characteristics of the intraocular anti-CLEC14a antibody were evaluated noninvasively in animals using I-125 labeling, and the intraocular PK characteristics in humans were predicted using these animal data. This methodology can be applied for the development of new antiangiogenic antibodies to treat macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Park
- Department of Nuclear MedicineNational Cancer CenterGoyang‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea,Division of Convergence TechnologyNational Cancer CenterGoyang‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Youn Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical ChemistryKookmin UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ho‐Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea,Office of eHealth Research and BusinessSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
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3
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Sandell M, Chireh A, Spyrou A, Grankvist R, Al-Saadi J, Jonsson S, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G, Holmin S, Roxhed N. Endovascular Device for Endothelial Cell Sampling. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sandell
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Arvin Chireh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Argyris Spyrou
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Rikard Grankvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stefan Jonsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Brinellvägen 23 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
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4
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Genome-Wide Association Study for Haemonchus contortus Resistance in Morada Nova Sheep. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080939. [PMID: 36015059 PMCID: PMC9413486 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the gastrointestinal nematodes affecting sheep, Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent and virulent, resulting in health problems and production losses. Therefore, selecting sheep resistant to H. contortus is a suitable and sustainable strategy for controlling endoparasites in flocks. Here, 287 lambs of the native Brazilian Morada Nova hair sheep breed were subjected to two consecutive artificial infections with H. contortus and assessed for fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and live weight (LW). Forty-four animals ranked as having extreme resistance phenotypes were genotyped using the Illumina OvineSNP50v3 chip. A case−control genome-wide association study (GWAS) detected 37 significant (p < 0.001) markers in 12 ovine chromosomes in regions harboring quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FEC, Trichostrongylus spp. adults and larvae, weight, and fat; and candidate genes for immune responses, mucins, hematological parameters, homeostasis, and growth. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; OAR1_rs427671974, OAR2_rs419988472, OAR5_rs424070217, and OAR17_rs401006318) genotyped by qPCR followed by high-resolution melting (HRM) were associated with FEC and LW. Therefore, molecular markers detected by GWAS for H. contortus resistance in Morada Nova sheep may support animal selection programs aimed at controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections in flocks. Furthermore, genotyping of candidate genes using HRM qPCR may provide a rapid and efficient tool for animal identification.
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Zhou J, Wang L, Peng C, Peng F. Co-Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment: A Perspective in Ethnopharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:886198. [PMID: 35784750 PMCID: PMC9242535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is one of the most important processes of cancer deterioration via nurturing an immunosuppressive tumor environment (TME). Targeting tumor angiogenesis has been widely accepted as a cancer intervention approach, which is also synergistically associated with immune therapy. However, drug resistance is the biggest challenge of anti-angiogenesis therapy, which affects the outcomes of anti-angiogeneic agents, and even combined with immunotherapy. Here, emerging targets and representative candidate molecules from ethnopharmacology (including traditional Chinese medicine, TCM) have been focused, and they have been proved to regulate tumor angiogenesis. Further investigations on derivatives and delivery systems of these molecules will provide a comprehensive landscape in preclinical studies. More importantly, the molecule library of ethnopharmacology meets the viability for targeting angiogenesis and TME simultaneously, which is attributed to the pleiotropy of pro-angiogenic factors (such as VEGF) toward cancer cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. We primarily shed light on the potentiality of ethnopharmacology against tumor angiogenesis, particularly TCM. More research studies concerning the crosstalk between angiogenesis and TME remodeling from the perspective of botanical medicine are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Cheng Peng,
| | - Fu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fu Peng, ; Cheng Peng,
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Yan L, Li X, Yuan Y. CLEC14A was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and may function as a potential diagnostic biomarker. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100029. [PMID: 35576868 PMCID: PMC9118534 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current work aimed to investigate the expression and potential clinical significance of C-type Lectin domain family 14 (CLEC14A) in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS The relative expressions of CLEC14A in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) tissue and adjacent normal tissue of 105 HCC patients were examined using RT-qPCR methods. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn for exploring the diagnostic value of CLEC14A. Next, the expressions of CLEC14A in HCC cell lines and normal liver epithelial cells were compared, and the effects of knockdown of CLEC14A on the growth and apoptosis of HCC cells were examined. RESULTS The authors found that the expression of CLEC14A was markedly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma tumors in comparison with the adjacent tissue, and the expression level of CLEC14A was positively correlated with the size and differentiation of the tumor. Moreover, results of ROC analysis showed CLEC14A might function as a sensitive diagnostic biomarker for HCC. Furthermore, CLEC14A was up-regulated in HCC cell lines, and transient over-expression of CLEC14A decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that CLEC14A was up-regulated in HCC and might function as a potential diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yan
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfeng Yuan
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Vostakolaei MA, Hatami-Baroogh L, Babaei G, Molavi O, Kordi S, Abdolalizadeh J. Hsp70 in cancer: A double agent in the battle between survival and death. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3420-3444. [PMID: 33169384 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein (Hsps) superfamily, also known as molecular chaperones, are highly conserved and present in all living organisms and play vital roles in protein fate. The HspA1A (Hsp70-1), called Hsp70 in this review, is expressed at low or undetectable levels in most unstressed normal cells, but numerous studies have shown that diverse types of tumor cells express Hsp70 at the plasma membrane that leads to resistance to programmed cell death and tumor progression. Hsp70 is released into the extracellular milieu in three forms including free soluble, complexed with cancer antigenic peptides, and exosome forms. Therefore, it seems to be a promising therapeutic target in human malignancies. However, a great number of studies have indicated that both intracellular and extracellular Hsp70 have a dual function. A line of evidence presented that intracellular Hsp70 has a cytoprotective function via suppression of apoptosis and lysosomal cell death (LCD) as well as that extracellular Hsp70 can promote tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Other evidence showed intracellular Hsp70 can promote apoptosis and membrane-associated/extracellular Hsp70 can elicit antitumor innate and adaptive immune responses. Given the contradictory functions, as a "double agent," could Hsp70 be a promising tool in the future of targeted cancer therapies? To answer this question, in this review, we will discuss the functions of Hsp70 in cancers besides inhibition and stimulation strategies for targeting Hsp70 along with their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi A Vostakolaei
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hatami-Baroogh
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACER, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Urmia University Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirafkan Kordi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dyring-Andersen B, Løvendorf MB, Coscia F, Santos A, Møller LBP, Colaço AR, Niu L, Bzorek M, Doll S, Andersen JL, Clark RA, Skov L, Teunissen MBM, Mann M. Spatially and cell-type resolved quantitative proteomic atlas of healthy human skin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5587. [PMID: 33154365 PMCID: PMC7645789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin provides both physical integrity and immunological protection from the external environment using functionally distinct layers, cell types and extracellular matrix. Despite its central role in human health and disease, the constituent proteins of skin have not been systematically characterized. Here, we combine advanced tissue dissection methods, flow cytometry and state-of-the-art proteomics to describe a spatially-resolved quantitative proteomic atlas of human skin. We quantify 10,701 proteins as a function of their spatial location and cellular origin. The resulting protein atlas and our initial data analyses demonstrate the value of proteomics for understanding cell-type diversity within the skin. We describe the quantitative distribution of structural proteins, known and previously undescribed proteins specific to cellular subsets and those with specialized immunological functions such as cytokines and chemokines. We anticipate that this proteomic atlas of human skin will become an essential community resource for basic and translational research ( https://skin.science/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dyring-Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Fabian Coscia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Bruun Pilgaard Møller
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana R Colaço
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lili Niu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jørgen Lock Andersen
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lone Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Marcel B M Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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Zhuang X, Maione F, Robinson J, Bentley M, Kaul B, Whitworth K, Jumbu N, Jinks E, Bystrom J, Gabriele P, Garibaldi E, Delmastro E, Nagy Z, Gilham D, Giraudo E, Bicknell R, Lee SP. CAR T cells targeting tumor endothelial marker CLEC14A inhibit tumor growth. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138808. [PMID: 33004686 PMCID: PMC7566713 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) specific for antigens on hematological cancers has yielded remarkable clinical responses, but with solid tumors, benefit has been more limited. This may reflect lack of suitable target antigens, immune evasion mechanisms in malignant cells, and/or lack of T cell infiltration into tumors. An alternative approach, to circumvent these problems, is targeting the tumor vasculature rather than the malignant cells directly. CLEC14A is a glycoprotein selectively overexpressed on the vasculature of many solid human cancers and is, therefore, of considerable interest as a target antigen. Here, we generated CARs from 2 CLEC14A-specific antibodies and expressed them in T cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that, when exposed to their target antigen, these engineered T cells proliferate, release IFN-γ, and mediate cytotoxicity. Infusing CAR engineered T cells into healthy mice showed no signs of toxicity, yet these T cells targeted tumor tissue and significantly inhibited tumor growth in 3 mouse models of cancer (Rip-Tag2, mPDAC, and Lewis lung carcinoma). Reduced tumor burden also correlated with significant loss of CLEC14A expression and reduced vascular density within malignant tissues. These data suggest the tumor vasculature can be safely and effectively targeted with CLEC14A-specific CAR T cells, offering a potent and widely applicable therapy for cancer. T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor specific for the tumor vascular marker CLEC14A inhibited tumor growth in three mouse cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Maione
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy, and Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joseph Robinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bentley
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Baksho Kaul
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Whitworth
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neeraj Jumbu
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Jinks
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Bystrom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Gabriele
- Radiation Therapy Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Garibaldi
- Radiation Therapy Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Delmastro
- Radiation Therapy Laboratory, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Nagy
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Gilham
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy, and Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Lee
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Kim Y, Lee S, Zhang H, Lee S, Kim H, Kim Y, Won MH, Kim YM, Kwon YG. CLEC14A deficiency exacerbates neuronal loss by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability and inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:48. [PMID: 32019570 PMCID: PMC7001304 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a main cause of mortality. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown appears to play a critical role in inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke and acceleration of brain injury. The BBB has a protective function and is composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. In ischemic stroke treatments, regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 is a crucial target despite adverse effects. Our previous study found that loss of C-type lectin family 14 member A (CLEC14A) activated VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling in developmental and tumoral angiogenesis. Here, we evaluate the effects of BBB impairment caused by CLEC14A deficiency in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods In vitro fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, and immunostaining were used to evaluate endothelial integrity. BBB permeability was assessed using Evans blue dye and FITC-dextran injection in Clec14a−/− (CLEC14A-KO) mice and wild-type mice. Middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery and behavioral assessments were performed to evaluate the neurologic damage. The change of tight junctional proteins, adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and microglial were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of brain samples. Results In endothelial cells, knockdown of CLEC14A increased FITC-dextran permeability and decreased transendothelial electrical resistance; the severity of this effect increased with VEGF treatment. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that tight junctional proteins were attenuated in the CLEC14A knockdown endothelial cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, CLEC14A-KO mice that were injected with Evans blue dye had cerebral vascular leakage at postnatal day 8; wild-type mice had no leakage. We used a middle cerebral artery occlusion model and found that CLEC14A-KO mice had severe infarcted brain and neurological deficits with upregulated VEGFR-2 expression. FITC-dextran leakage was present in CLEC14A-KO mice after ischemia-reperfusion, and the numbers of tight junctional molecules were significantly decreased. Loss of CLEC14A increased the pro-inflammatory response through adhesion molecule expression, and glial cells were activated. Conclusions These results suggest that activation of VEGFR-2 in CLEC14A-KO mice aggravates ischemic stroke by exacerbating cerebral vascular leakage and increasing neuronal inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeomyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sunghye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yeaji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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11
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Sandoval DR, Gomez Toledo A, Painter CD, Tota EM, Sheikh MO, West AMV, Frank MM, Wells L, Xu D, Bicknell R, Corbett KD, Esko JD. Proteomics-based screening of the endothelial heparan sulfate interactome reveals that C-type lectin 14a (CLEC14A) is a heparin-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2804-2821. [PMID: 31964714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cells express heparan sulfate proteoglycans that perform many important cellular functions by way of heparan sulfate-protein interactions. The identification of membrane heparan sulfate-binding proteins is challenging because of their low abundance and the need for extensive enrichment. Here, we report a proteomics workflow for the identification and characterization of membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins that bind heparan sulfate. The technique is based on limited proteolysis of live cells in the absence of denaturation and fixation, heparin-affinity chromatography, and high-resolution LC-MS/MS, and we designate it LPHAMS. Application of LPHAMS to U937 monocytic and primary murine and human endothelial cells identified 55 plasma membrane, extracellular matrix, and soluble secreted proteins, including many previously unidentified heparin-binding proteins. The method also facilitated the mapping of the heparin-binding domains, making it possible to predict the location of the heparin-binding site. To validate the discovery feature of LPHAMS, we characterized one of the newly-discovered heparin-binding proteins, C-type lectin 14a (CLEC14A), a member of the C-type lectin family that modulates angiogenesis. We found that the C-type lectin domain of CLEC14A binds one-to-one to heparin with nanomolar affinity, and using molecular modeling and mutagenesis, we mapped its heparin-binding site. CLEC14A physically interacted with other glycosaminoglycans, including endothelial heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate E, but not with neutral or sialylated oligosaccharides. The LPHAMS technique should be applicable to other cells and glycans and provides a way to expand the repertoire of glycan-binding proteins for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Sandoval
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alejandro Gomez Toledo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Chelsea D Painter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ember M Tota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - M Osman Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Alan M V West
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | | | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Roy Bicknell
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.
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12
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Dasgupta K, Chung JU, Asam K, Jeong J. Molecular patterning of the embryonic cranial mesenchyme revealed by genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Dev Biol 2019; 455:434-448. [PMID: 31351040 PMCID: PMC6842427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the head of an embryo, a layer of mesenchyme surrounds the brain underneath the surface ectoderm. This cranial mesenchyme gives rise to the meninges, the calvaria (top part of the skull), and the dermis of the scalp. Abnormal development of these structures, especially the meninges and the calvaria, is linked to significant congenital defects in humans. It has been known that different areas of the cranial mesenchyme have different fates. For example, the calvarial bone develops from the cranial mesenchyme on the baso-lateral side of the head just above the eye (supraorbital mesenchyme, SOM), but not from the mesenchyme apical to SOM (early migrating mesenchyme, EMM). However, the molecular basis of this difference is not fully understood. To answer this question, we compared the transcriptomes of EMM and SOM using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq). This experiment identified a large number of genes that were differentially expressed in EMM and SOM, and gene ontology analyses found very different terms enriched in each region. We verified the expression of about 40 genes in the head by RNA in situ hybridization, and the expression patterns were annotated to make a map of molecular markers for 6 subdivisions of the cranial mesenchyme. Our data also provided insights into potential novel regulators of cranial mesenchyme development, including several axon guidance pathways, lectin complement pathway, cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, and ZIC family transcription factors. Together, information in this paper will serve as a unique resource to guide future research on cranial mesenchyme development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakali Dasgupta
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jong Uk Chung
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Kesava Asam
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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13
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Borah S, Vasudevan D, Swain RK. C-type lectin family XIV members and angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3954-3962. [PMID: 31579078 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and metastasis of tumors is dependent on angiogenesis. C-type lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with a diverse range of functions. The C-type lectin family XIV members are transmembrane glycoproteins, and all four members of this family have been reported to regulate angiogenesis, although the detailed mechanism of action has yet to be completely elucidated. They interact with extracellular matrix proteins and mediate cell-cell adhesion by their lectin-like domain. The aim of the present study was to summarize the available information on the function and mechanism of C-type lectin family XIV in angiogenesis and discuss their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Borah
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | | | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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14
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Khan KA, McMurray JL, Mohammed F, Bicknell R. C-type lectin domain group 14 proteins in vascular biology, cancer and inflammation. FEBS J 2019; 286:3299-3332. [PMID: 31287944 PMCID: PMC6852297 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C‐type lectin domain (CTLD) group 14 family of transmembrane glycoproteins consist of thrombomodulin, CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 (endosialin or tumour endothelial marker‐1). These cell surface proteins exhibit similar ectodomain architecture and yet mediate a diverse range of cellular functions, including but not restricted to angiogenesis, inflammation and cell adhesion. Thrombomodulin, CD93 and CLEC14A can be expressed by endothelial cells, whereas CD248 is expressed by vasculature associated pericytes, activated fibroblasts and tumour cells among other cell types. In this article, we review the current literature of these family members including their expression profiles, interacting partners, as well as established and speculated functions. We focus primarily on their roles in the vasculature and inflammation as well as their contributions to tumour immunology. The CTLD group 14 family shares several characteristic features including their ability to be proteolytically cleaved and engagement of some shared extracellular matrix ligands. Each family member has strong links to tumour development and in particular CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 have been proposed as attractive candidate targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack L McMurray
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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15
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Pociute K, Schumacher JA, Sumanas S. Clec14a genetically interacts with Etv2 and Vegf signaling during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in zebrafish. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30953479 PMCID: PMC6451255 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-lectin family 14 Member A (Clec14a) is a transmembrane protein specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells during embryogenesis. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have provided conflicting data regarding Clec14a role in promoting or inhibiting angiogenesis, therefore its functional role in vascular development remains poorly understood. RESULTS Here we have generated a novel clec14a mutant allele in zebrafish embryos using TALEN genome editing. clec14a mutant embryos exhibit partial defects and delay in the sprouting of intersegmental vessels. These defects in angiogenesis are greatly increased upon the knockdown of a structurally related C1qr protein. Furthermore, a partial knockdown of an ETS transcription factor Etv2 results in a synergistic effect with the clec14a mutation and inhibits expression of early vascular markers in endothelial progenitor cells, arguing that clec14a is involved in promoting vasculogenesis. In addition, Clec14a genetically interacts with Vegfa signaling. A partial knockdown of Vegfaa function in the clec14a mutant background resulted in a synergistic inhibition of intersegmental vessel sprouting. CONCLUSIONS These results argue that clec14a is involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and suggest that Clec14a genetically interacts with Etv2 and Vegf signaling during vascular development in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pociute
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Present Address: Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Sauletekio 7, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jennifer A Schumacher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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16
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Novel Immunoregulatory Functions of IL-18, an Accomplice of TGF-β1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010075. [PMID: 30641867 PMCID: PMC6356463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic factor exerting a strong regulatory role in several cell types, including immune cells. In NK cells it profoundly alters the surface expression of crucial activating and chemokine receptors. To understand which soluble signals might better contrast these effects, we cultured human NK cells in the presence of TGF-β1 and different innate and adaptive cytokines, generally referred as “immunostimulatory”. These included IL-2, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27, and IL-18. Unexpectedly, IL-18 strengthened rather than contrasting important TGF-β1-mediated functions. In particular, IL-18 further reduced the expression of CX3CR1 and NKp30, leading to the virtual abrogation of the triggering capability of this activating receptor. Moreover, IL-18 further increased the expression of CXCR4. The IL-18-mediated additive effect on NKp30 and CXCR4 expression involved transcriptional regulation and activation of MEK/ERK and/or p38MAPK. A proteomic approach quantified both surface and intracellular proteins significantly modified in cytokine-treated NK cells, thus giving global information on the biological processes involving TGF-β1 and IL-18. Our data support the concept that IL-18 may have a different behavior depending on the type of soluble factors characterizing the microenvironment. In a TGF-β1 rich milieu such as tumors, it may contribute to the impairment of both NK cells recruitment and killing capability.
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17
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Su C, Shi K, Cheng X, Han Y, Li Y, Yu D, Liu Z. Methylation of CLEC14A is associated with its expression and lung adenocarcinoma progression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2954-2962. [PMID: 30191970 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our main objective is probing the effect of methylation of CLEC14A on its expression and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. Microarray analysis was utilized to screen out differentially downregulated genes with hypermethylation in LUAD tissues. The CLEC14A expression level was measured by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. Methylation-specific-PCR was performed to evaluate methylation status of CLEC14A. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromid (MTT) assay was used to check the relation between CLEC14A expression and cell proliferation. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion were respectively detected by the flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Tumor xenograft models were established for investigating the effect of CLEC14A on tumor formation. CLEC14A expression in LUAD tissues was impaired compared with that in adjacent tissues, and CLEC14A promoter was highly methylated in LUAD. Overexpressing CLEC14A or inhibiting the methylation level of CLEC14A in A549 and LTEP-a-2 cells impeded the duplication of LUAD cells, promoted apoptosis, attenuated cell migration, and invasion ability, and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Overexpression of CLEC14A inhibited tumorigenesis of LUAD cells in nude mice. The promoter of CLEC14A is methylated in LUAD, leading to downregulation of CLEC14A in LUAD. CLEC14A acts as an antitumor role in LUAD by suppressing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, promoting cell apoptosis, and reducing tumorigenicity in nude mice. Thus, the inhibition of CLEC14A methylation is a novel strategy for the clinic treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyu Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Kang Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Daping Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute), Beijing, China
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18
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Bocci M, Sjölund J, Kurzejamska E, Lindgren D, Marzouka NAD, Bartoschek M, Höglund M, Pietras K. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 is associated with immune cell infiltration and regulates CLEC14A transcription in cancer. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:117-131. [PMID: 30132150 PMCID: PMC6510886 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells sustain their metabolic needs through nutrients and oxygen supplied by the bloodstream. The requirement for tumor angiogenesis has been therapeutically exploited in the clinical setting mainly by means of inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of ligands and receptors. Despite promising results in preclinical models, the benefits for patients proved to be limited. Inadequate efficacy similarly halted the development of agents impinging on the activity of the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)1, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Notwithstanding its characterization as an endothelial cell marker, the full spectrum of biological processes associated with ALK1 is essentially unexplored. Here, we present data revealing the genetic network associated with ACVRL1 (the gene encoding for ALK1) expression in human cancer tissues. Computational analysis unveiled a hitherto unknown role for ACVRL1 in relation to genes modulating the functionality of the immune cell compartment. Moreover, we generated a signature of 8 genes co-expressed with ACVRL1 across different tumor types and characterized the c-type lectin domain containing protein (CLEC)14A as a potential downstream target of ACVRL1. Considering the lack of reagents for ALK1 detection that has hampered the field to date, our work provides the opportunity to validate the 8-gene signature and CLEC14A as biomarkers for ALK1 activity. Ultimately, this may help revisit the clinical development of already existing ALK1-blocking compounds as precision medicines for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bocci
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:A3, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:A3, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewa Kurzejamska
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:A3, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Lindgren
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:A3, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nour-Al-Dain Marzouka
- Unit of Urothelial Cancer Genomics, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Bartoschek
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:A3, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Höglund
- Unit of Urothelial Cancer Genomics, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 404:A3, 223 81, Lund, Sweden.
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19
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Griffiths MR, Botto M, Morgan BP, Neal JW, Gasque P. CD93 regulates central nervous system inflammation in two mouse models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunology 2018; 155:346-355. [PMID: 29923617 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia and non-professional immune cells (endothelial cells, neurons) participate in the recognition and removal of pathogens and tissue debris in the injured central nervous system through major pro-inflammatory processes. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating these responses remain ill-characterized. We herein show that CD93, also known as complement C1qRp/AA4 stem cell marker, has an important role in the regulation of inflammatory processes. The role of CD93 was evaluated in two models of neuroinflammation. We used the MOG-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and the antibody-dependent EAE (ADEAE), which were induced in wild-type and CD93 knockout mice. We found that CD93 was highly expressed by neurons, endothelial cells and microglia (ramified >> amoeboid). Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes did not to express CD93. We further observed that CD93-deficient (CD93-/- ) mice presented a more robust brain and spinal cord inflammation in EAE and ADEAE. Encephalitis in CD93-/- was characterized by increased numbers of infiltrating M1 macrophages (CD11c+ CD206- ) and amoeboid microglia exhibiting a more activated phenotype (Tomato Lectinhigh Cox2high ). Damage to and leakage through the blood-brain barrier was increased in CD93-/- animals and was associated with a more robust neuronal injury when compared with wild-type EAE mice. We propose that CD93 is an important neuro-immune regulator to control central nervous system inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Griffiths
- BIIG, Brain Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Bryan Paul Morgan
- Complement Biology Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - James W Neal
- Neuropathology Department, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Philippe Gasque
- BIIG, Brain Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,GRI EA4517, Immunopathology and infectious disease grouping, CHU, CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie, secteur : Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique et expérimentale ZOI (LICE OI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, St Denis, La Réunion, France
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20
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Kim TK, Park CS, Jang J, Kim MR, Na HJ, Lee K, Kim HJ, Heo K, Yoo BC, Kim YM, Lee JW, Kim SJ, Kim ES, Kim DY, Cha K, Lee TG, Lee S. Inhibition of VEGF-dependent angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis by an optimized antibody targeting CLEC14a. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:356-372. [PMID: 29316206 PMCID: PMC5830631 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C‐type lectin‐like domain of CLEC14a (CLEC14a‐C‐type lectin‐like domain [CTLD]) is a key domain that mediates endothelial cell–cell contacts in angiogenesis. However, the role of CLEC14a‐CTLD in pathological angiogenesis has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, through complementarity‐determining region grafting, consecutive deglycosylation, and functional isolation, we generated a novel anti‐angiogenic human monoclonal antibody that specifically targets CLEC14a‐CTLD and that shows improved stability and homogeneity relative to the parental antibody. We found that this antibody directly inhibits CLEC14a‐CTLD‐mediated endothelial cell–cell contact and simultaneously downregulates expression of CLEC14a on the surface of endothelial cells. Using various in vitro and in vivo functional assays, we demonstrated that this antibody effectively suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐dependent angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis of SNU182 human hepatocellular carcinoma, CFPAC‐1 human pancreatic cancer, and U87 human glioma cells. Furthermore, we also found that this antibody significantly inhibits tumor angiogenesis of HCT116 and bevacizumab‐adapted HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. These findings suggest that antibody targeting of CLEC14a‐CTLD has the potential to suppress VEGF‐dependent angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis and that CLEC14a‐CTLD may be a novel anti‐angiogenic target for VEGF‐dependent angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Keun Kim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chang Sik Park
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jihye Jang
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Na
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kangseung Lee
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Je-Wook Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, South Korea
| | - Eun Sung Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, South Korea
| | - Kiweon Cha
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, South Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, South Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
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21
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CLEC14a-HSP70-1A interaction regulates HSP70-1A-induced angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10666. [PMID: 28878328 PMCID: PMC5587741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CLEC14a (C-type lectin domain family 14 member) is a tumor endothelial cell marker protein that is known to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis, but the basic molecular mechanisms underlying this function have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, using various proteomic tools, we isolated a 70-kDa protein that interacts with the C-type lectin-like domain of CLEC14a (CLEC14a-CTLD) and identified it as heat shock protein 70-1A (HSP70-1A). Co-immunoprecipitation showed that HSP70-1A and CLEC14a interact on endothelial cells. In vitro binding analyses identified that HSP70-1A specifically associates with the region between amino acids 43 and 69 of CLEC14a-CTLD. Competitive blocking experiments indicated that this interacting region of CLEC14a-CTLD significantly inhibits HSP70-1A-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and endothelial tube formation by directly inhibiting CLEC14a-CTLD-mediated endothelial cell-cell contacts. Our data suggest that the specific interaction of HSP70-1A with CLEC14a may play a critical role in HSP70-1A-induced angiogenesis and that the HSP70-1A-interacting region of CLEC14a-CTLD may be a useful tool for inhibiting HSP70-1A-induced angiogenesis.
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22
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A Review of Anti-Angiogenic Targets for Monoclonal Antibody Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081786. [PMID: 28817103 PMCID: PMC5578174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a key event that governs tumor progression and metastasis. It is controlled by the complicated and coordinated actions of pro-angiogenic factors and their receptors that become upregulated during tumorigenesis. Over the past several decades, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been identified as a central axis in tumor angiogenesis. The remarkable advent of recombinant antibody technology has led to the development of bevacizumab, a humanized antibody that targets VEGF and is a leading clinical therapy to suppress tumor angiogenesis. However, despite the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab, its significant side effects and drug resistance have raised concerns necessitating the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics to combat tumor angiogenesis. This review will highlight the role and relevance of VEGF and other potential therapeutic targets and their receptors in angiogenesis. Simultaneously, we will also cover the current status of monoclonal antibodies being developed to target these candidates for cancer therapy.
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Mashreghi M, Azarpara H, Bazaz MR, Jafari A, Masoudifar A, Mirzaei H, Jaafari MR. Angiogenesis biomarkers and their targeting ligands as potential targets for tumor angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2949-2965. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mashreghi
- NanotechnologyResearch Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hassan Azarpara
- School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahere R. Bazaz
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Arash Jafari
- School of Medicine; Birjand University of Medical Sciences; Birjand Iran
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology; ACECR Isfahan Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mahmoud R. Jaafari
- NanotechnologyResearch Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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24
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Multimerin-2 is a ligand for group 14 family C-type lectins CLEC14A, CD93 and CD248 spanning the endothelial pericyte interface. Oncogene 2017; 36:6097-6108. [PMID: 28671670 PMCID: PMC5671938 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin domain containing group 14 family members CLEC14A and CD93 are proteins expressed by endothelium and are implicated in tumour angiogenesis. CD248 (alternatively known as endosialin or tumour endothelial marker-1) is also a member of this family and is expressed by tumour-associated fibroblasts and pericytes. Multimerin-2 (MMRN2) is a unique endothelial specific extracellular matrix protein that has been implicated in angiogenesis and tumour progression. We show that the group 14 C-type lectins CLEC14A, CD93 and CD248 directly bind to MMRN2 and only thrombomodulin of the family does not. Binding to MMRN2 is dependent on a predicted long-loop region in the C-type lectin domain and is abrogated by mutation within the domain. CLEC14A and CD93 bind to the same non-glycosylated coiled-coil region of MMRN2, but the binding of CD248 occurs on a distinct non-competing region. CLEC14A and CD248 can bind MMRN2 simultaneously and this occurs at the interface between endothelium and pericytes in human pancreatic cancer. A recombinant peptide of MMRN2 spanning the CLEC14A and CD93 binding region blocks CLEC14A extracellular domain binding to the endothelial cell surface as well as increasing adherence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to the active peptide. This MMRN2 peptide is anti-angiogenic in vitro and reduces tumour growth in mouse models. These findings identify novel protein interactions involving CLEC14A, CD93 and CD248 with MMRN2 as targetable components of vessel formation.
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Lee S, Rho SS, Park H, Park JA, Kim J, Lee IK, Koh GY, Mochizuki N, Kim YM, Kwon YG. Carbohydrate-binding protein CLEC14A regulates VEGFR-2- and VEGFR-3-dependent signals during angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:457-471. [PMID: 27991863 DOI: 10.1172/jci85145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are essential for tissue development, function, and repair. However, aberrant neovascularization is an essential pathogenic mechanism in many human diseases, including diseases involving tumor growth and survival. Here, we have demonstrated that mice deficient in C-type lectin family 14 member A (CLEC14A) display enhanced angiogenic sprouting and hemorrhage as well as enlarged jugular lymph sacs and lymphatic vessels. CLEC14A formed a complex with VEGFR-3 in endothelial cells (ECs), and CLEC14A KO resulted in a marked reduction in VEGFR-3 that was concomitant with increases in VEGFR-2 expression and downstream signaling. Implanted tumor growth was profoundly reduced in CLEC14A-KO mice compared with that seen in WT littermates, but tumor-bearing CLEC14A-KO mice died sooner. Tumors in CLEC14A-KO mice had increased numbers of nonfunctional blood vessels and severe hemorrhaging. Blockade of VEGFR-2 signaling suppressed these vascular abnormalities and enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing CLEC14A-KO mice. We conclude that CLEC14A acts in vascular homeostasis by fine-tuning VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 signaling in ECs, suggesting its relevance in the pathogenesis of angiogenesis-related human disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lymphangiogenesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3/metabolism
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26
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Butler LM, Hallström BM, Fagerberg L, Pontén F, Uhlén M, Renné T, Odeberg J. Analysis of Body-wide Unfractionated Tissue Data to Identify a Core Human Endothelial Transcriptome. Cell Syst 2016; 3:287-301.e3. [PMID: 27641958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line blood vessels and regulate hemostasis, inflammation, and blood pressure. Proteins critical for these specialized functions tend to be predominantly expressed in endothelial cells across vascular beds. Here, we present a systems approach to identify a panel of human endothelial-enriched genes using global, body-wide transcriptomics data from 124 tissue samples from 32 organs. We identified known and unknown endothelial-enriched gene transcripts and used antibody-based profiling to confirm expression across vascular beds. The majority of identified transcripts could be detected in cultured endothelial cells from various vascular beds, and we observed maintenance of relative expression in early passage cells. In summary, we describe a widely applicable method to determine cell-type-specific transcriptome profiles in a whole-organism context, based on differential abundance across tissues. We identify potential vascular drug targets or endothelial biomarkers and highlight candidates for functional studies to increase understanding of the endothelium in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Marie Butler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Björn Mikael Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; Coagulation Unit, Centre for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Krishna Priya S, Kumar K, Hiran KR, Bindhu MR, Nagare RP, Vijaykumar DK, Ganesan TS. Expression of a novel endothelial marker, C-type lectin 14A, in epithelial ovarian cancer and its prognostic significance. Int J Clin Oncol 2016; 22:107-117. [PMID: 27567920 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-016-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate microvessel density (MVD) as assessed by C-type lectin 14A (CLEC14A), which is a new marker for endothelial cells, and compare its expression to CD31 and CD105 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS MVD was evaluated in tumors (n = 50) from patients with EOC who underwent primary surgery and in patients with EOC who received preoperative chemotherapy (n = 49) using immunohistochemistry with antibodies to CLEC14A, CD31 and CD105. The median duration of follow-up was 24.5 months (range 1-101 months). The effect of prognostic factors on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Cox regression model. RESULTS The amount of residual disease was found to be an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis with respect to EFS (P = 0.009) and OS (P < 0.001). The mean MVD of CLEC14A (MVD = 6), in tumors from patients who underwent primary surgery, was significantly lower than that of CD31 (MVD = 25, P < 0.0001) and CD105 (MVD = 11, P = 0.018). However, there was no significant correlation between MVD as detected by these markers and clinical outcome. There was no expression of CLEC14A in tumors from patients who received preoperative chemotherapy and the MVD of CD31 and CD105 was significantly reduced (P = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively) in this set of patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates MVD as detected by CLEC14A in EOC. Treatment with chemotherapy reduces tumor blood vessels significantly. We suggest that CLEC14A may be a more specific endothelial marker to assess tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna Priya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Kishore Kumar
- Medical Oncology, Command Hospital (CC), Lucknow Cantt., Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - K R Hiran
- Department of Histopathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - M R Bindhu
- Department of Histopathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Rohit P Nagare
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - D K Vijaykumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - T S Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
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28
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Substrates and physiological functions of secretase rhomboid proteases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 60:10-18. [PMID: 27497690 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhomboids are conserved intramembrane serine proteases with widespread functions. They were the earliest discovered members of the wider rhomboid-like superfamily of proteases and pseudoproteases. The secretase class of rhomboid proteases, distributed through the secretory pathway, are the most numerous in eukaryotes, but our knowledge of them is limited. Here we aim to summarise all that has been published on secretase rhomboids in a concise encyclopaedia of the enzymes, their substrates, and their biological roles. We also discuss emerging themes of how these important enzymes are regulated.
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29
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Noy PJ, Swain RK, Khan K, Lodhia P, Bicknell R. Sprouting angiogenesis is regulated by shedding of the C-type lectin family 14, member A (CLEC14A) ectodomain, catalyzed by rhomboid-like 2 protein (RHBDL2). FASEB J 2016; 30:2311-23. [PMID: 26939791 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500122r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin family 14, member A (CLEC14A), is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in tumor endothelial cells, and it promotes sprouting angiogenesis and modulates endothelial function via interactions with extracellular matrix proteins. Here, we show that CLEC14A is cleaved by rhomboid-like protein 2 (RHBDL2), one of 3 catalytic mammalian rhomboid-like (RHBDL) proteases, but that it is not cleaved by RHBDL1 or -3. Site-directed mutagenesis identified the precise site at which RHBDL2 cleaves CLEC14A, and targeted, small interfering RNAs that knockdown endogenous CLEC14A and RHBDL2 in human endothelial cells validated the specificity of CLEC14A shedding by RHBDL2. Loss of endogenous cleaved CLEC14A increased endothelial migration 2-fold, whereas that addition of recombinant cleaved CLEC14A inhibited the sprouting of human and murine endothelial cells 3-fold in several in vitro models. We assessed the in vivo role of cleaved CLEC14A in angiogenesis by using the rodent subcutaneous sponge implant model, and we found that CLEC14A protein inhibited vascular density by >50%. Finally, we show that cleaved CLEC14A binds to sprouting endothelial tip cells. Our data show that the ectodomain of CLEC14A regulates sprouting angiogenesis and suggests a role for RHBDL2 in endothelial function.-Noy, P. J., Swain, R. K., Khan, K., Lodhia, P., Bicknell, R. Sprouting angiogenesis is regulated by shedding of the C-type lectin family 14, member A (CLEC14A) ectodomain, catalyzed by rhomboid-like 2 protein (RHBDL2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Noy
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeeb K Swain
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kabir Khan
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Puja Lodhia
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institutes for Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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30
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Khan KA, Bicknell R. Anti-angiogenic alternatives to VEGF blockade. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:197-210. [PMID: 26620208 PMCID: PMC4761368 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a major requirement for tumour formation and development. Anti-angiogenic treatments aim to starve the tumour of nutrients and oxygen and also guard against metastasis. The main anti-angiogenic agents to date have focused on blocking the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). While this approach has seen some success and has provided a proof of principle that such anti-angiogenic agents can be used as treatment, the overall outcome of VEGF blockade has been somewhat disappointing. There is a current need for new strategies in inhibiting tumour angiogenesis; this article will review current and historical examples in blocking various membrane receptors and components of the extracellular matrix important in angiogenesis. Targeting these newly discovered pro-angiogenic proteins could provide novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Cardiovascular Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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31
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Blocking CLEC14A-MMRN2 binding inhibits sprouting angiogenesis and tumour growth. Oncogene 2015; 34:5821-31. [PMID: 25745997 PMCID: PMC4724939 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified CLEC14A as a tumour endothelial marker. Here we show CLEC14A is a regulator of sprouting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using a HUVEC spheroid sprouting assay we found CLEC14A to be a regulator of sprout initiation. Analysis of endothelial sprouting in aortic ring and in vivo subcutaneous sponge assays from clec14a+/+ and clec14a−/− mice revealed defects in sprouting angiogenesis in CLEC14A deficient animals. Tumour growth was retarded and vascularity reduced in clec14a−/− mice. Pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed MMRN2 binds to the extracellular region of CLEC14A. The CLEC14A-MMRN2 interaction was interrogated using mouse monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were screened for their ability to block this interaction. Clone C4 but not C2 blocked CLEC14A-MMRN2 binding. C4 antibody perturbed tube formation and endothelial sprouting in vitro and in vivo, with a similar phenotype to loss of CLEC14A. Significantly, tumour growth was impaired in C4 treated animals and vascular density was also reduced in the C4 treated group. We conclude that CLEC14A-MMRN2 binding has a role in inducing sprouting angiogenesis during tumour growth, that has the potential to be manipulated in future anti-angiogenic therapy design.
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32
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Rodriguez-Teja M, Gronau JH, Minamidate A, Darby S, Gaughan L, Robson C, Mauri F, Waxman J, Sturge J. Survival Outcome and EMT Suppression Mediated by a Lectin Domain Interaction of Endo180 and CD147. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:538-47. [PMID: 25381222 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0344-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epithelial cell-cell contacts maintain normal glandular tissue homeostasis, and their breakage can trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental step in the development of metastatic cancer. Despite the ability of C-type lectin domains (CTLD) to modulate cell-cell adhesion, it is not known if they modulate epithelial adhesion in EMT and tumor progression. Here, the multi-CTLD mannose receptor, Endo180 (MRC2/uPARAP), was shown using the Kaplan-Meier analysis to be predictive of survival outcome in men with early prostate cancer. A proteomic screen of novel interaction partners with the fourth CTLD (CTLD4) in Endo180 revealed that its complex with CD147 is indispensable for the stability of three-dimensional acini formed by nontransformed prostate epithelial cells (PEC). Mechanistic study using knockdown of Endo180 or CD147, and treatment with an Endo180 mAb targeting CTLD4 (clone 39.10), or a dominant-negative GST-CTLD4 chimeric protein, induced scattering of PECs associated with internalization of Endo180 into endosomes, loss of E-cadherin (CDH1/ECAD), and unzipping of cell-cell junctions. These findings are the first to demonstrate that a CTLD acts as a suppressor and regulatory switch for EMT; thus, positing that stabilization of Endo180-CD147 complex is a viable therapeutic strategy to improve rates of prostate cancer survival. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies the interaction between CTLD4 in Endo180 and CD147 as an EMT suppressor and indicates that stabilization of this molecular complex improves prostate cancer survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rodriguez-Teja
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julian H Gronau
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Minamidate
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Darby
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Robson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Waxman
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Sturge
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
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Knockout of endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 attenuates skin fibrosis but accelerates cutaneous wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97972. [PMID: 24853267 PMCID: PMC4031171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 is known for the most potent vasoconstrictive peptide that is released mainly from endothelial cells. Several studies have reported ET-1 signaling is involved in the process of wound healing or fibrosis as well as vasodilation. However, little is known about the role of ET-1 in these processes. To clarify its mechanism, we compared skin fibrogenesis and wound repair between vascular endothelial cell-specific ET-1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. Bleomycin-injected fibrotic skin of the knockout mice showed significantly decreased skin thickness and collagen content compared to that of wild-type mice, indicating that bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis is attenuated in the knockout mice. The mRNA levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were decreased in the bleomycin-treated skin of ET-1 knockout mice. On the other hand, skin wound healing was accelerated in ET-1 knockout mice, which was indicated by earlier granulation tissue reduction and re-epithelialization in these mice. The mRNA levels of TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were reduced in the wound of ET-1 knockout mice. In endothelial ET-1 knockout mouse, the expression of TNF-α, CTGF and TGF-β was down-regulated. Bosentan, an antagonist of dual ET receptors, is known to attenuate skin fibrosis and accelerate wound healing in systemic sclerosis, and such contradictory effect may be mediated by above molecules. The endothelial cell-derived ET-1 is the potent therapeutic target in fibrosis or wound healing, and investigations of the overall regulatory mechanisms of these pathological conditions by ET-1 may lead to a new therapeutic approach.
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34
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Zanivan S, Maione F, Hein MY, Hernández-Fernaud JR, Ostasiewicz P, Giraudo E, Mann M. SILAC-based proteomics of human primary endothelial cell morphogenesis unveils tumor angiogenic markers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3599-611. [PMID: 23979707 PMCID: PMC3861710 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.031344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics has been successfully used for cell culture on dishes, but more complex cellular systems have proven to be challenging and so far poorly approached with proteomics. Because of the complexity of the angiogenic program, we still do not have a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process, and there have been no in depth quantitative proteomic studies. Plating endothelial cells on matrigel recapitulates aspects of vessel growth, and here we investigate this mechanism by using a spike-in SILAC quantitative proteomic approach. By comparing proteomic changes in primary human endothelial cells morphogenesis on matrigel to general adhesion mechanisms in cells spreading on culture dish, we pinpoint pathways and proteins modulated by endothelial cells. The cell-extracellular matrix adhesion proteome depends on the adhesion substrate, and a detailed proteomic profile of the extracellular matrix secreted by endothelial cells identified CLEC14A as a matrix component, which binds to MMRN2. We verify deregulated levels of these proteins during tumor angiogenesis in models of multistage carcinogenesis. This is the most in depth quantitative proteomic study of endothelial cell morphogenesis, which shows the potential of applying high accuracy quantitative proteomics to in vitro models of vessel growth to shed new light on mechanisms that accompany pathological angiogenesis. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the data set identifier PXD000359.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carbon Isotopes
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Collagen/chemistry
- Drug Combinations
- Extracellular Matrix/chemistry
- Extracellular Matrix/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Isotope Labeling
- Laminin/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mass Spectrometry
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Morphogenesis/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Binding
- Proteoglycans/chemistry
- Proteomics
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zanivan
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- §The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Maione
- ¶Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo (IRCC), 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- ‖Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Y. Hein
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Pawel Ostasiewicz
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- **Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- ¶Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo (IRCC), 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- ‖Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Matthias Mann
- From the ‡Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- ‡‡The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ki MK, Jeoung MH, Choi JR, Rho SS, Kwon YG, Shim H, Chung J, Hong HJ, Song BD, Lee S. Human antibodies targeting the C-type lectin-like domain of the tumor endothelial cell marker clec14a regulate angiogenic properties in vitro. Oncogene 2013; 32:5449-57. [PMID: 23644659 PMCID: PMC3898107 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that clec14a may be involved in tumor angiogenesis. However, a molecular mechanism has not been clearly identified. In this study, we show for the first time that C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of clec14a may be important for regulating cell migration and filopodia formation. Using phage display technology, recombinant human antibodies specific to the CTLDs of human and mouse clec14a (clec14a-CTLD (immunoglobulin G) IgG) were selected. Functional assays using the antibodies showed that clec14a-CTLD IgGs specifically blocked endothelial cell migration and tube formation without affecting cell viability or activation. Further, clec14a-CTLD IgGs inhibited clec14a-mediated cell–cell contact by blocking interaction between CTLDs. Finally, clec14a cross-linking by the clec14a-CTLD IgGs significantly downregulated clec14a expression on the surface of endothelial cells. These results strongly suggest that the clec14a-CTLD may be a key domain in angiogenesis, and that clec14a-CTLD IgGs specifically inhibit angiogenesis by modulating CTLD-mediated cell interactions and clec14a expression on the surface of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Korea
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Rowlan JS, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Fang Y, Shi W. New quantitative trait loci for carotid atherosclerosis identified in an intercross derived from apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse strains. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:332-42. [PMID: 23463770 PMCID: PMC3633429 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00099.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis is the primary cause of ischemic stroke. To identify genetic factors contributing to carotid atherosclerosis, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using female mice derived from an intercross between C57BL/6J (B6) and BALB/cJ (BALB) apolipoprotein E (Apoe−/−) mice. We started 266 F2 mice on a Western diet at 6 wk of age and fed them the diet for 12 wk. Atherosclerotic lesions in the left carotid bifurcation and plasma lipid levels were measured. We genotyped 130 microsatellite markers across the entire genome. Three significant QTLs, Cath1 on chromosome (Chr) 12, Cath2 on Chr5, and Cath3 on Chr13, and four suggestive QTLs on Chr6, Chr9, Chr17, and Chr18 were identified for carotid lesions. The Chr6 locus replicated a suggestive QTL and was named Cath4. Six QTLs for HDL, three QTLs for non-HDL cholesterol, and three QTLs for triglyceride were found. Of these, a significant QTL for non-HDL on Chr1 at 60.3 cM, named Nhdl13, and a suggestive QTL for HDL on ChrX were new. A significant locus for HDL (Hdlq5) was overlapping with a suggestive locus for carotid lesions on Chr9. A significant correlation between carotid lesion sizes and HDL cholesterol levels was observed in the F2 population (R = −0.153, P = 0.0133). Thus, we have identified several new QTLs for carotid atherosclerosis and the locus on Chr9 may exert effect through interactions with HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Rowlan
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Imaging and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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37
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Harman AN, Bye CR, Nasr N, Sandgren KJ, Kim M, Mercier SK, Botting RA, Lewin SR, Cunningham AL, Cameron PU. Identification of lineage relationships and novel markers of blood and skin human dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23183897 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lineage relationships and fate of human dendritic cells (DCs) have significance for a number of diseases including HIV where both blood and tissue DCs may be infected. We used gene expression profiling of human monocyte and DC subpopulations sorted directly from blood and skin to define the lineage relationships. We also compared these with monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) and MUTZ3 Langerhans cells (LCs) to investigate their relevance as model skin DCs. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that myeloid DCs clustered according to anatomical origin rather than putative lineage. Plasmacytoid DCs formed the most discrete cluster, but ex vivo myeloid cells formed separate clusters of cells both in blood and in skin. Separate and specific DC populations could be determined within skin, and the proportion of CD14(+) dermal DCs (DDCs) was reduced and CD1a(+) DDCs increased during culture, suggesting conversion to CD1a(+)-expressing cells in situ. This is consistent with origin of the CD1a(+) DDCs from a local precursor rather than directly from circulating blood DCs or monocyte precursors. Consistent with their use as model skin DCs, the in vitro-derived MDDC and MUTZ3 LC populations grouped within the skin DC cluster. MDDCs clustered most closely to CD14(+) DDCs; furthermore, common unique patterns of C-type lectin receptor expression were identified between these two cell types. MUTZ3 LCs, however, did not cluster closely with ex vivo-derived LCs. We identified differential expression of novel genes in monocyte and DC subsets including genes related to DC surface receptors (including C-type lectin receptors, TLRs, and galectins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Harman
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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38
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Tissue-engineered fetal dermal matrices. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:493-506. [PMID: 22956043 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the early to mid-gestation fetus, skin wounds heal with no scar formation and perfect restoration of dermal architecture. This phenomenon is intrinsic to fetal skin. The intrinsic phenotypic properties of the fetal fibroblast are believed to be "the effector of scarless repair". We sought to prepare dermal matrices with high similarity to the mid-gestation fetal dermis using the technology of "self-assembly" with fetal dermal cells of 18, 20, and 22 wk gestation. Comparison of these dermal constructs to those prepared with neonatal dermal cells, adult skin, neonatal foreskin, and mid-gestation fetal skin demonstrates that these fetal dermal matrices bear marked morphological and biochemical resemblance to the mid-gestation fetal dermis. In order to shed further light on the genes involved in scarless wound healing, we conducted a differential gene array analysis of the neonatal and fetal dermal matrices. Using a gene chip (GLYCOv4 gene chip) of approximately 1,260 human genes, we observed differential expression of 67 genes. A number of fibrotic genes were observed to be downregulated and anti-fibrotic genes upregulated.
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Abstract
We have in recent years described several endothelial-specific genes that mediate cell migration. These include Robo4 (roundabout 4), CLEC14A (C-type lectin 14A) and ECSCR (endothelial cell-specific chemotaxis regulator) [formerly known as ECSM2 (endothelial cell-specific molecule 2)]. Loss of laminar shear stress induces Robo4 and CLEC14A expression and an endothelial 'tip cell' phenotype. Low shear stress is found not only at sites of vascular occlusion such as thrombosis and embolism, but also in the poorly structured vessels that populate solid tumours. The latter probably accounts for strong expression of Robo4 and CLEC14A on tumour vessels. The function of Robo4 has, in the past, aroused controversy. However, the recent identification of Unc5B as a Robo4 ligand has increased our understanding and we hypothesize that Robo4 function is context-dependent. ECSCR is another endothelial-specific protein that promotes filopodia formation and migration, but, in this case, expression is independent of shear stress. We discuss recent papers describing ECSCR, including intracellular signalling pathways, and briefly contrast these with signalling by Robo4.
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Abstract
Tumor endothelial markers (TEMs) that are highly expressed in human tumor vasculature compared with vasculature in normal tissue hold clear therapeutic potential. We report that the C-type lectin CLEC14A is a novel TEM. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining of tissue arrays has shown that CLEC14A is strongly expressed in tumor vasculature when compared with vessels in normal tissue. CLEC14A overexpression in tumor vessels was seen in a wide range of solid tumor types. Functional studies showed that CLEC14A induces filopodia and facilitates endothelial migration, tube formation and vascular development in zebrafish that is, CLEC14A regulates pro-angiogenic phenotypes. CLEC14A antisera inhibited cell migration and tube formation, suggesting that anti-CLEC14A antibodies may have anti-angiogenic activity. Finally, in endothelial cultures, expression of CLEC14A increased at low shear stress, and we hypothesize that low shear stress due to poor blood flow in the disorganized tumor vasculature induces expression of CLEC14A on tumor vessels and pro-angiogenic phenotypes.
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