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Brázda V, Šislerová L, Cucchiarini A, Mergny JL. G-quadruplex propensity in H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens and Denisovans mitochondrial genomes. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae060. [PMID: 38817800 PMCID: PMC11137754 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Current methods of processing archaeological samples combined with advances in sequencing methods lead to disclosure of a large part of H. neanderthalensis and Denisovans genetic information. It is hardly surprising that the genome variability between modern humans, Denisovans and H. neanderthalensis is relatively limited. Genomic studies may provide insight on the metabolism of extinct human species or lineages. Detailed analysis of G-quadruplex sequences in H. neanderthalensis and Denisovans mitochondrial DNA showed us interesting features. Relatively similar patterns in mitochondrial DNA are found compared to modern humans, with one notable exception for H. neanderthalensis. An interesting difference between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens corresponds to a motif found in the D-loop region of mtDNA, which is responsible for mitochondrial DNA replication. This area is directly responsible for the number of mitochondria and consequently for the efficient energy metabolism of cell. H. neanderthalensis harbor a long uninterrupted run of guanines in this region, which may cause problems for replication, in contrast with H. sapiens, for which this run is generally shorter and interrupted. One may propose that the predominant H. sapiens motif provided a selective advantage for modern humans regarding mtDNA replication and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Brázda
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Šislerová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Cucchiarini
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Ullah MA, Garcillán B, Whitlock E, Figgett WA, Infantino S, Eslami M, Yang S, Rahman MA, Sheng YH, Weber N, Schneider P, Tam CS, Mackay F. An unappreciated cell survival-independent role for BAFF initiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345515. [PMID: 38469292 PMCID: PMC10927009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the expansion of CD19+ CD5+ B cells but its origin remains debated. Mutated CLL may originate from post-germinal center B cells and unmutated CLL from CD5+ mature B cell precursors. Irrespective of precursor types, events initiating CLL remain unknown. The cytokines BAFF and APRIL each play a significant role in CLL cell survival and accumulation, but their involvement in disease initiation remains unclear. Methods We generated novel CLL models lacking BAFF or APRIL. In vivo experiments were conducted to explore the impact of BAFF or APRIL loss on leukemia initiation, progression, and dissemination. Additionally, RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to unveil the transcriptomic signature influenced by BAFF in CLL. The direct role of BAFF in controlling the expression of tumor-promoting genes was further assessed in patient-derived primary CLL cells ex-vivo. Results Our findings demonstrate a crucial role for BAFF, but not APRIL, in the initiation and dissemination of CLL cells. In the absence of BAFF or its receptor BAFF-R, the TCL1 transgene only increases CLL cell numbers in the peritoneal cavity, without dissemination into the periphery. While BAFF binding to BAFF-R is dispensable for peritoneal CLL cell survival, it is necessary to activate a tumor-promoting gene program, potentially linked to CLL initiation and progression. This direct role of BAFF in controlling the expression of tumor-promoting genes was confirmed in patient-derived primary CLL cells ex-vivo. Conclusions Our study, involving both mouse and human CLL cells, suggests that BAFF might initiate CLL through mechanisms independent of cell survival. Combining current CLL therapies with BAFF inhibition could offer a dual benefit by reducing peripheral tumor burden and suppressing transformed CLL cell output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashik Ullah
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer Program, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Beatriz Garcillán
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eden Whitlock
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer Program, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - William A. Figgett
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Simona Infantino
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahya Eslami
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology and Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - SiLing Yang
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer Program, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - M. Arifur Rahman
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer Program, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Yong H. Sheng
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer Program, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Weber
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Constantine S. Tam
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer Program, Herston, QLD, Australia
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Marla S, Mortlock S, Yoon S, Crawford J, Andersen S, Mueller MD, McKinnon B, Nguyen Q, Montgomery GW. Global Analysis of Transcription Start Sites and Enhancers in Endometrial Stromal Cells and Differences Associated with Endometriosis. Cells 2023; 12:1736. [PMID: 37443771 PMCID: PMC10340717 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying tissue-specific molecular signatures of active regulatory elements is critical to understanding gene regulatory mechanisms. In this study, transcription start sites (TSS) and enhancers were identified using Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) across endometrial stromal cell (ESC) samples obtained from women with (n = 4) and without endometriosis (n = 4). ESC TSSs and enhancers were compared to those reported in other tissue and cell types in FANTOM5 and were integrated with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data from the same samples for regulatory activity and network analyses. CAGE tag count differences between women with and without endometriosis were statistically tested and tags within close proximity to genetic variants associated with endometriosis risk were identified. Over 90% of tag clusters mapping to promoters were observed in cells and tissues in FANTOM5. However, some potential cell-type-specific promoters and enhancers were also observed. Regions of open chromatin identified using ATAC-seq provided further evidence of the active transcriptional regions identified by CAGE. Despite the small sample number, there was evidence of differences associated with endometriosis at 210 consensus clusters, including IGFBP5, CALD1 and OXTR. ESC TSSs were also located within loci associated with endometriosis risk from genome-wide association studies. This study provides novel evidence of transcriptional differences in endometrial stromal cells associated with endometriosis and provides a valuable cell-type specific resource of active TSSs and enhancers in endometrial stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Marla
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Sally Mortlock
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Sohye Yoon
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Joanna Crawford
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey Andersen
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Michael D. Mueller
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Brett McKinnon
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Quan Nguyen
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.M.); (S.M.); (B.M.); (Q.N.)
- The Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (S.A.)
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Hale AT, He J, Jones J. Integrative Genomics Analysis Implicates Decreased FGD6 Expression Underlying Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture. NEUROSURGERY OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1227/neuopn.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Tian W, Pang X, Luan F. Diagnosis value of miR-181, miR-652, and CA72-4 for gastric cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24411. [PMID: 35446997 PMCID: PMC9169223 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To find a useful disease marker for early diagnosis of gastric cancer, we tried to explore the expression of serum miR-181, miR-652, and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4). PATIENTS AND METHODS According to clinical pathologic stages, 112 patients with gastric cancer were divided into early gastric cancer group (n = 60) and advanced gastric cancer group (n = 52), stage I-II (n = 65), and stage III-IV (n = 47). Another 50 cases of gastric benign lesions and 40 healthy controls were also selected. Real-time quantitative PCR together with chemiluminescence were applied to detect expression levels. ROC curve was applied to judge their diagnostic efficiency. Pearson's correlation analysis was put into use to investigate the relevance of three indicators. RESULTS Compared with benign lesions group and control group, significantly higher expression levels were found in patients of gastric cancer (all p < 0.001). Similarly, compared with early gastric cancer group, significantly higher expression levels were found in advanced gastric cancer group (all p < 0.001). The same result was also found in stage III-IV (all p < 0.001). The best cutoff values were 0.93, 2.38, and 16.94 U/ml, respectively. The area under the curve (0.917, 95%CI: 0.856-0.975) of the three combined diagnosis of early gastric cancer was the largest, and its sensitivity and specificity were 92.5% and 86.8%. And miR-181 and miR-652 were positively correlated with CA72-4 (r = 0.772, p < 0.001, r = 0.853, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Serum miR-181, miR-652, and CA72-4 are closely linked to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Combination of three indicators has diagnostic value for early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Tian
- Department of GastroenterologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Pang
- Department of GastroenterologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Fujuan Luan
- Department of GastroenterologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople’s Republic of China
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Mortlock S, McKinnon B, Montgomery GW. Genetic Regulation of Transcription in the Endometrium in Health and Disease. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 3:795464. [PMID: 36304015 PMCID: PMC9580733 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.795464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a complex and dynamic tissue essential for fertility and implicated in many reproductive disorders. The tissue consists of glandular epithelium and vascularised stroma and is unique because it is constantly shed and regrown with each menstrual cycle, generating up to 10 mm of new mucosa. Consequently, there are marked changes in cell composition and gene expression across the menstrual cycle. Recent evidence shows expression of many genes is influenced by genetic variation between individuals. We and others have reported evidence for genetic effects on hundreds of genes in endometrium. The genetic factors influencing endometrial gene expression are highly correlated with the genetic effects on expression in other reproductive (e.g., in uterus and ovary) and digestive tissues (e.g., salivary gland and stomach), supporting a shared genetic regulation of gene expression in biologically similar tissues. There is also increasing evidence for cell specific genetic effects for some genes. Sample size for studies in endometrium are modest and results from the larger studies of gene expression in blood report genetic effects for a much higher proportion of genes than currently reported for endometrium. There is also emerging evidence for the importance of genetic variation on RNA splicing. Gene mapping studies for common disease, including diseases associated with endometrium, show most variation maps to intergenic regulatory regions. It is likely that genetic risk factors for disease function through modifying the program of cell specific gene expression. The emerging evidence from our gene mapping studies coupled with tissue specific studies, and the GTEx, eQTLGen and EpiMap projects, show we need to expand our understanding of the complex regulation of gene expression. These data also help to link disease genetic risk factors to specific target genes. Combining our data on genetic regulation of gene expression in endometrium, and cell types within the endometrium with gene mapping data for endometriosis and related diseases is beginning to uncover the specific genes and pathways responsible for increased risk of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Wang RK, Sun YY, Li GY, Yang HT, Liu XJ, Li KF, Zhu X, Yu GY. MicroRNA-124-5p delays the progression of cerebral aneurysm by regulating FoxO1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1172. [PMID: 34504617 PMCID: PMC8393823 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysm (CA) is a common brain disease, and the development of cerebral aneurysm is driven by inflammation and hemodynamic stress. MicroRNA (miR)-124-5p is reported to be associated with inflammatory response in brain disease such as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the function and molecular mechanism of miR-124-5p in CA are not clear, thus, the effects of miR-124-5p on inflammatory response in CA were explored. Firstly, the expression of miR-124-5p in the peripheral blood of patients with CA and the control group was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Then, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as an in vitro model system and stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β to simulate the inflammatory environment of CA, and the expression of miR-124-5p was detected. Next, the effect of miR-124-5p on the migration and invasion of HUVECs was detected using Transwell assays. Meanwhile, the function of miR-124-5p on various inflammatory factors was determined by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Next, the TargetScan website was used to predict FoxO1 as a target gene of miR-124-5p, and this target association was validated by double luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. Finally, the interaction of miR-124-5p with FoxO1 in CA was measured by Transwell western blotting and ELISA assays. The results showed that the expression level of miR-124-5p in the peripheral blood of patients with CA was lower compared with that of control group, and the miR-124-5p in HUVECs stimulated by IL-1β was less compared with that in normal HUVECs. Besides, miR-124-5p could inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of HUVECs and the release of inflammatory factors. Additionally, the overexpression of miR-124-5p was able to inhibit the expression of FoxO1. miR-124-5p-inhibitor promoted the migration and invasion of HUVECs, as well as inflammatory response, which was weakened following the introduction of FoxO1 small interfering RNA. Overall, the present study demonstrated that miR-124-5p could prevent the occurrence and development of cerebral aneurysm by downregulating the expression of FoxO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ke Wang
- Section 2, Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- CT Room, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Guang-You Li
- Section 2, Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Tang Yang
- Section 2, Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Jie Liu
- Section 2, Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Feng Li
- Section 2, Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Section 2, Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yu
- Section 2, Department of Neurosurgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
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Mortlock S, Kendarsari RI, Fung JN, Gibson G, Yang F, Restuadi R, Girling JE, Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Teh WT, Lukowski SW, Healey M, Qi T, Rogers PAW, Yang J, McKinnon B, Montgomery GW. Tissue specific regulation of transcription in endometrium and association with disease. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:377-393. [PMID: 32103259 PMCID: PMC7048713 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are genetic effects on endometrial gene expression tissue specific and/or associated with reproductive traits and diseases? SUMMARY ANSWER Analyses of RNA-sequence data and individual genotype data from the endometrium identified novel and disease associated, genetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in the endometrium and showed evidence that these mechanisms are shared across biologically similar tissues. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The endometrium is a complex tissue vital for female reproduction and is a hypothesized source of cells initiating endometriosis. Understanding genetic regulation specific to, and shared between, tissue types can aid the identification of genes involved in complex genetic diseases. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION RNA-sequence and genotype data from 206 individuals was analysed and results were compared with large publicly available datasets. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS RNA-sequencing and genotype data from 206 endometrial samples was used to identify the influence of genetic variants on gene expression, via expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and to compare these endometrial eQTLs with those in other tissues. To investigate the association between endometrial gene expression regulation and reproductive traits and diseases, we conducted a tissue enrichment analysis, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and summary data-based Mendelian randomisation (SMR) analyses. Transcriptomic data was used to test differential gene expression between women with and without endometriosis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A tissue enrichment analysis with endometriosis genome-wide association study summary statistics showed that genes surrounding endometriosis risk loci were significantly enriched in reproductive tissues. A total of 444 sentinel cis-eQTLs (P < 2.57 × 10-9) and 30 trans-eQTLs (P < 4.65 × 10-13) were detected, including 327 novel cis-eQTLs in endometrium. A large proportion (85%) of endometrial eQTLs are present in other tissues. Genetic effects on endometrial gene expression were highly correlated with the genetic effects on reproductive (e.g. uterus, ovary) and digestive tissues (e.g. salivary gland, stomach), supporting a shared genetic regulation of gene expression in biologically similar tissues. The TWAS analysis indicated that gene expression at 39 loci is associated with endometriosis, including five known endometriosis risk loci. SMR analyses identified potential target genes pleiotropically or causally associated with reproductive traits and diseases including endometriosis. However, without taking account of genetic variants, a direct comparison between women with and without endometriosis showed no significant difference in endometrial gene expression. LARGE SCALE DATA The eQTL dataset generated in this study is available at http://reproductivegenomics.com.au/shiny/endo_eqtl_rna/. Additional datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and the supplementary information files, or are available on reasonable request. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Data are derived from fresh tissue samples and expression levels are an average of expression from different cell types within the endometrium. Subtle cell-specifc expression changes may not be detected and differences in cell composition between samples and across the menstrual cycle will contribute to sample variability. Power to detect tissue specific eQTLs and differences between women with and without endometriosis was limited by the sample size in this study. The statistical approaches used in this study identify the likely gene targets for specific genetic risk factors, but not the functional mechanism by which changes in gene expression may influence disease risk. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results identify novel genetic variants that regulate gene expression in endometrium and the majority of these are shared across tissues. This allows analysis with large publicly available datasets to identify targets for female reproductive traits and diseases. Much larger studies will be required to identify genetic regulation of gene expression that will be specific to endometrium. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) under project grants GNT1026033, GNT1049472, GNT1046880, GNT1050208, GNT1105321, GNT1083405 and GNT1107258. G.W.M is supported by a NHMRC Fellowship (GNT1078399). J.Y is supported by an ARC Fellowship (FT180100186). There are no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Mortlock
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Raden I Kendarsari
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jane E Girling
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah J Holdsworth-Carson
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Wan Tinn Teh
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel W Lukowski
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martin Healey
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ting Qi
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brett McKinnon
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital University Hospital of Berne, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Liu WB, Han F, Huang YS, Chen HQ, Chen JP, Wang DD, Jiang X, Yin L, Cao J, Liu JY. TMEM196 hypermethylation as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:474-487. [PMID: 30536447 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences have revealed tumor-specific gene methylation is considered to be a promising non-invasive biomarker for many different types of cancers. This study was determined whether TMEM196 gene hypermethylation and downregulation are considered to be promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis in lung cancer. Methylation status was detected with methylation-specific PCR. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to determine the significance of prognosis. TMEM196 gene was hypermethylated in 68.1% (64/94) of lung cancer tissues, 52.8% (67/127) of plasma and 55.2% (79/143) of sputum samples, but unmethylated (0/50) in normal tissues. TMEM196 methylation in plasma and sputum samples was significantly correlated with that in the corresponding paired tumor tissues (r = 0.750, r = 0.880, P < 0.001). TMEM196 aberrant methylation in cancer tissues, plasma and sputum DNA was significantly associated with age and pathological type (P < 0.05). TMEM196 high methylation could robustly distinguish lung cancer patients (AUC = 0.905) from normal subjects and patients with TMEM196 high methylation have a significantly poorer survival than those with low level from The Cancer Genome Atlas (Wilcoxon P < 0.001). Multivariate models showed TMEM196 methylation is an independent prognostic marker in lung cancer. Furthermore, the overall survival of patients with low TMEM196 expression was significantly poorer than that of TMEM196-high patients (P < 0.001, log-rank test). Low TMEM196 expression in tumor tissues was found to predict poorer survival (HR = 3.007; 95%CI, 1.918-4.714). Our study provided new insights into the clinical importance and potential use of TMEM196 methylation and expression as novel early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yong-Sheng Huang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
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Dawson A, Fernandez ML, Anglesio M, Yong PJ, Carey MS. Endometriosis and endometriosis-associated cancers: new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer development. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:803. [PMID: 29456620 PMCID: PMC5813919 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a fascinating disease that we strive to better understand. Molecular techniques are shedding new light on many important aspects of this disease: from pathogenesis to the recognition of distinct disease variants like deep infiltrating endometriosis. The observation that endometriosis is a cancer precursor has now been strengthened with the knowledge that mutations that are present in endometriosis-associated cancers can be found in adjacent endometriosis lesions. Recent genomic studies, placed in context, suggest that deep infiltrating endometriosis may represent a benign neoplasm that invades locally but rarely metastasises. Further research will help elucidate distinct aberrations which result in this phenotype. With respect to identifying those patients who may be at risk of developing endometriosis-associated cancers, a combination of molecular, pathological, and inheritance markers may define a high-risk group that might benefit from risk-reducing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dawson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Marta Llauradó Fernandez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Michael Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Paul J Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Mark S Carey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada.,Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1G1, Canada
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Beheshtizadeh M, Moslemi E. Analysis of G3BP1 and VEZT Expression in Gastric Cancer and Their Possible Correlation with Tumor Clinicopathological Factors. J Gastric Cancer 2017; 17:43-51. [PMID: 28337362 PMCID: PMC5362833 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2017.17.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to analyze G3BP1 and VEZT expression profiles in patients with gastric cancer, and examine the possible relationship between the expressions of each gene and clinicopathological factors. Materials and Methods Expression of these genes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, collected from 40 patients with gastric cancer and 40 healthy controls, was analyzed. Differences in gene expression among patient and normal samples were identified using the GraphPad Prism 5 software. For the analysis of real-time polymerase chain reaction products, GelQuantNET software was used. Results Our findings demonstrated that both VEZT and G3BP1 mRNA expression levels were downregulated in gastric cancer samples compared with those in the normal controls. No significant relationship was found between the expression of these genes and gender (P-value, 0.4835 vs. 0.6350), but there were significant changes associated with age (P-value, 0.0004 vs. 0.0001) and stage of disease (P-value, 0.0019 vs. 0.0001). In addition, there was a direct relationship between VEZT gene expression and metastasis (P-value, 0.0462), in contrast to G3BP1 that did not demonstrate any significant correlation (P-value, 0.1833). Conclusions The results suggest that expression profiling of VEZT and G3BP1 can be used for diagnosis of gastric cancer, and specifically, VEZT gene could be considered as a biomarker for the detection of gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Moslemi
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Xie D, Shang L, Peng L, Li L. Up-regulation of VEZT by small activating RNA inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:542-548. [PMID: 27856244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify an effective saRNA sequence that can specifically up-regulate VEZT expression and to determine the influence of saRNA had on gastric cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion and migration. METHODS Three various saRNAs, that target the VEZT gene promoter at different locations relative to the transcription start site were synthesized. A dsControl saRNA was synthesized as a negative control, and a specific shRNA was synthesized to knockdown VEZT and eliminate any off-target effects of the saRNA. Both SGC-7901 and M-28 cells were either transfected with the different saRNAs, or treated with Lipofectamine2000 alone. To determine the most effective saRNA, real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the VEZT mRNA and protein content, respectively, of each treatment group. After selection, both cell lines were treated with the chosen saRNA, dsControl or Lipofectamine2000. The saRNA treated cells were divided into two groups: the first group was used immediately in the experiments, and the second group was transfected with shRNA by using RNAi-Mate. The proliferation of cells transfected with saRNA, or saRNA and shRNA, as well as the other control cells, was detected by CCK-8. The invasive and migratory abilities were determined using the transwell chamber assay. RESULTS We identified the most effective saRNA via real-time PCR and Western blot. The selected saRNA inhibited the growth, invasion and migration of GC cells by specially reactivating VEZT. The real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that treatment with saRNA caused a significant up-regulation of VEZT, and an obvious decrease in the proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities; compared with the control groups (P < 0.01); furthermore, there were no significant differences among the control groups (P > 0.05). This phenomenon provides a theoretical basis for saRNA design and gene therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detian Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Lipan Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China.
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Potential Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Targets of MicroRNAs in Human Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060945. [PMID: 27322246 PMCID: PMC4926478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate, largely because it is normally not identified until a relatively advanced stage owing to a lack of early diagnostic biomarkers. Gastroscopy with biopsy is the routine method for screening, and gastrectomy is the major therapeutic strategy for GC. However, in more than 30% of GC surgical patients, cancer has progressed too far for effective medical resection. Thus, useful biomarkers for early screening or detection of GC are essential for improving patients’ survival rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. They contribute to gastric carcinogenesis by altering the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Because of their stability in tissues, serum/plasma and other body fluids, miRNAs have been suggested as novel tumor biomarkers with suitable clinical potential. Recently, aberrantly expressed miRNAs have been identified and tested for clinical application in the management of GC. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles determined with miRNA microarrays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing approaches could be used to establish sample specificity and to identify tumor type. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of tissue-based GC-associated miRNAs, describing their involvement and that of their downstream targets in tumorigenic and biological processes. We examine correlations among significant clinical parameters and prognostic indicators, and discuss recurrence monitoring and therapeutic options in GC. We also review plasma/serum-based, GC-associated, circulating miRNAs and their clinical applications, focusing especially on early diagnosis. By providing insights into the mechanisms of miRNA-related tumor progression, this review will hopefully aid in the identification of novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Liu WB, Han F, Jiang X, Chen HQ, Zhao H, Liu Y, Li YH, Huang C, Cao J, Liu JY. TMEM196 acts as a novel functional tumour suppressor inactivated by DNA methylation and is a potential prognostic biomarker in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21225-39. [PMID: 26056045 PMCID: PMC4673261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressors contributes to the development and progression of lung cancer. We recently found that TMEM196 was hypermethylated in lung cancer. This study aimed to clarify its epigenetic regulation, possible roles and clinical significance. TMEM196 methylation correlated with loss of protein expression in chemical-induced rat lung pathologic lesions and human lung cancer tissues and cell lines. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored TMEM196 expression. Moreover, TMEM196 hypermethylation was detected in 61.2% of primary lung tumours and found to be associated with poor differentiation and pathological stage of lung cancer. Functional studies showed that ectopic re-expression of TMEM196 in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity, cell motility and tumour formation. However, TMEM196 knockdown increased cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. These effects were associated with upregulation of p21 and Bax, and downregulation of cyclin D1, c-myc, CD44 and β-catenin. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that TMEM196 downregulation was significantly associated with shortened survival in lung cancer patients. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with TMEM196 expression had a better overall survival. Our results revealed for the first time that TMEM196 acts as a novel functional tumour suppressor inactivated by DNA methylation and is an independent prognostic factor of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hong-qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Internal Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong-hong Li
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Guo X, Yang Z, Zhi Q, Wang D, Guo L, Li G, Miao R, Shi Y, Kuang Y. Long noncoding RNA OR3A4 promotes metastasis and tumorigenicity in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30276-94. [PMID: 26863570 PMCID: PMC5058680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to metastasis of gastric cancer remains largely unknown. We used microarray analysis to identify lncRNAs differentially expressed between normal gastric tissues and gastric cancer tissues and validated these differences in quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR experiments. The expression levels of lncRNA olfactory receptor, family 3, subfamily A, member 4 (OR3A4) were significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis, the depth of cancer invasion, and distal metastasis in 130 paired gastric cancer tissues. The effects of OR3A4 were assessed by overexpressing and silencing OR3A4 in gastric cancer cells. OR3A4 promoted cancer cell growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Global microarray analysis combined with RT-PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down analyses after OR3A4 transfection demonstrated that OR3A4 influenced biologic functions in gastric cancer cells via regulating the activation of PDLIM2, MACC1, NTN4, and GNB2L1. Our results reveal OR3A4 as an oncogenic lncRNA that promotes tumor progression, Therefore, lncRNAs might function as key regulatory hubs in gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Guo
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Ziguo Yang
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- 2 Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dan Wang
- 3 Departments of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Lei Guo
- 5 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guimei Li
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Ruizhen Miao
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yuting Kuang
- 2 Departments of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Fung JN, Luong HTT, Sapkota Y, Bowdler LM, Wallace L, Teh WT, Powell JE, Girling JE, Healey M, Montgomery GW, Rogers PAW. Endometrial vezatin and its association with endometriosis risk. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:999-1013. [PMID: 27005890 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do endometriosis risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found at the 12q22 locus have effects on vezatin ( ITALIC! VEZT) expression? SUMMARY ANSWER The original genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNP (rs10859871), and other newly identified association signals, demonstrate strong evidence for ITALIC! cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects on ITALIC! VEZT expression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY GWAS have identified several disease-risk loci (SNPs) associated with endometriosis. The SNP rs10859871 is located within the ITALIC! VEZT gene. ITALIC! VEZT expression is altered in the endometrium of endometriosis patients and is an excellent candidate for having a causal role in endometriosis. Most of the SNPs identified from GWAS are not located within the coding region of the genome. However, they are likely to have an effect on the regulation of gene expression. Genetic variants that affect levels of gene expression are called expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Samples for genotyping and ITALIC! VEZT variant screening were drawn from women recruited for genetic studies in Australia/New Zealand and women undergoing surgery in a tertiary care centre. Coding variants for ITALIC! VEZT were screened in blood from 100 unrelated individuals (endometriosis-dense families) from the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute dataset. SNPs at the 12q22 locus were imputed and reanalysed for their association with endometriosis. Reanalysis of endometriosis risk-association was performed on a final combined Australian dataset of 2594 cases and 4496 controls. Gene expression was performed on 136 endometrial samples. eQTL analysis in whole blood was performed on 862 individuals from the Brisbane Systems Genetics Study. Endometrial tissue-specific eQTL analysis was performed on 122 samples (eutopic endometrium) collected following laparoscopic surgery. VEZT protein expression studies employed ITALIC! n = 56 (western blotting) and ITALIC! n = 42 (immunohistochemistry) endometrial samples. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The women recruited for this study provided blood and/or endometrial tissue samples in a hospital setting. Genomic DNA was screened for common and coding variants. SNPs of interest in the 12q22 region were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY technology or Taqman SNP genotyping assay. Gene expression profiles from RNA extracted from blood and endometrial tissue samples were generated using Illumina whole-genome expression chips (Human HT-12 v4.0). Whole protein extracted from endometrium was used for VEZT western blots, and paraffin sections of endometrium were employed for VEZT immunohistochemistry semi-quantitative analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 11 coding variants of ITALIC! VEZT (including one novel variant) were identified from an endometriosis-dense cohort. Polymorphic coding and imputed SNPs were combined with previous GWAS data to reanalyse the endometriosis risk association of the 12q22 region. The disease association signal at 12q22 was due to coding variants in ITALIC! VEZT or ITALIC! FGD6 (FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing 6) and SNPs with the strongest signals were either intronic or intergenic. We found strong evidence for ITALIC! VEZT cis-eQTLs with the sentinel SNP (rs10859871) in blood and endometrium, where the endometriosis risk allele (C) was associated with an increase in ITALIC! VEZT expression. We could not demonstrate this genotype-specific effect on VEZT protein expression in endometrium. However, we did observe a menstrual cycle stage specific increase in VEZT protein expression in endometrial glands, specific to the secretory phase ( ITALIC! P = 2.0 × 10(-4)). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In comparison to the blood sample datasets, the study numbers of endometrial tissues were substantially reduced. Protein studies failed to complement RNA results, also likely a reflection of the low study numbers in these experiments. ITALIC! In silico prediction tools used in this investigation are typically based on cell lines different to our tissues of interest, thus any functional annotations drawn from these approaches should be considered carefully. Therefore, functional studies on VEZT and related pathway components are still warranted to unequivocally implicate a causal role for VEZT in endometriosis pathophysiology. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS GWAS have proven to be very valuable tools for deciphering complex diseases. Endometriosis is a text-book example of a complex disease, involving genetic, lifestyle and environmental influences. Our focused investigation of the 12q22 region validates an association with increased endometriosis risk. Endometriosis risk SNPs (including rs10859871) located within this locus demonstrated evidence for ITALIC! cis-eQTLs on ITALIC! VEZT expression. By examining women who possess an enhanced genetic risk of developing endometriosis, we have identified an effect on ITALIC! VEZT expression and therefore a potential gene/gene pathway in endometriosis disease establishment and development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS Funding for this work was provided by NHMRC Project Grants GNT1012245, GNT1026033, GNT1049472 and GNT1046880. G.W.M. is supported by the NHMRC Fellowship scheme (GNT1078399). S.J.H.-C. is supported by the J.N. Peters Bequest Fellowship. The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Holdsworth-Carson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Hien T T Luong
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Lisa M Bowdler
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Leanne Wallace
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Wan Tinn Teh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jane E Girling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Martin Healey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Ullah F, Khan T, Ali N, Malik FA, Kayani MA, Shah STA, Saeed M. Promoter Methylation Status Modulate the Expression of Tumor Suppressor (RbL2/p130) Gene in Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134687. [PMID: 26271034 PMCID: PMC4536218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of tumor suppressor genes may correspond to the abnormal cell development and tumorigenesis. Rbl2/p130, a member of retinoblastoma family of proteins, has growth suppressive properties. Numerous studies reported de-regulation of Rbl2/p130 in various types of cancer as a consequence of a number of genetic alterations. However, role of epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation in Rbl2/p130 expression remains elusive. Methods In the current study, 76 breast cancer tumors along with normal tissues (n = 76), blood (n = 76) of respective individuals and control blood (n = 50) were analyzed. Rbl2/p130 expression was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR (syber green method). Promoter methylation status was studied through methylation specific PCR of bisulfite converted genomic DNA. Data was analyzed using various statistical tests. Results We report significantly reduced Rbl2/p130 expression (P = 0.001) in tumors tissues as compared to control samples. Similarly, Rbl2/p130 expression varies with age and disease stages (P = 0.022), which suggest its involvement in tumor progression. Aberrant promoter methylation (Δmeth) was found in almost all the diseased samples and that was significantly different (P<0.001) with control samples. Similarly, methylation status varies significantly with tumor progression stages (P = 0.022). Hyper-methylation was observed at -1, +3, +15 and +75 of Rbl2/p130 promoter flanking around the TSS. Statistical analysis revealed that Rbl2/p130 expression negatively correlates to its promoter methylation (r = -0.412) in tumor tissues. Our results reflect an epigenetic regulation of Rbl2/p130 expression in breast cancer. This highlights the importance of Rbl2/p130 promoter methylation in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Faraz Arshad Malik
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Shan N, Zhang X, Xiao X, Zhang H, Tong C, Luo X, Chen Y, Liu X, Yin N, Deng Q, Qi H. Laminin α4 (LAMA4) expression promotes trophoblast cell invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, and is lowered in preeclamptic placentas. Placenta 2015; 36:809-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li B, Wu W, Luo H, Liu Z, Liu H, Li Q, Pan Z. Molecular characterization and epigenetic regulation of Mei1 in cattle and cattle-yak. Gene 2015; 573:50-6. [PMID: 26165450 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mei1 is required for the homologous recombination of meiosis during the mammalian spermatogenesis. However, the knowledge about bovine Mei1 (bMei1) is still limited. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the bMei1, and investigated the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of bMei1 expression in vivo and in vitro. The full length coding region of bMei1 was 3819bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 1272 amino acids. Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression level of bMei1 in the testis of cattle-yak with meiotic arrest and male infertility was significantly decreased as compared with cattle (P<0.01). Conversely, the methylation levels of bMei1 promoter and gene body in the testis of cattle-yak were significantly increased. Additionally, the expression level of bMei1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) was activated by treatment with the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). Our data suggest that bMei1 may play an important role in the meiosis of spermatogenesis and may be involved in cattle-yak male sterility, and its transcription was regulated by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hua Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zequn Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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20
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Jäger R, Migliorini G, Henrion M, Kandaswamy R, Speedy HE, Heindl A, Whiffin N, Carnicer MJ, Broome L, Dryden N, Nagano T, Schoenfelder S, Enge M, Yuan Y, Taipale J, Fraser P, Fletcher O, Houlston RS. Capture Hi-C identifies the chromatin interactome of colorectal cancer risk loci. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6178. [PMID: 25695508 PMCID: PMC4346635 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple regulatory elements distant from their targets on the linear genome can influence the expression of a single gene through chromatin looping. Chromosome conformation capture implemented in Hi-C allows for genome-wide agnostic characterization of chromatin contacts. However, detection of functional enhancer-promoter interactions is precluded by its effective resolution that is determined by both restriction fragmentation and sensitivity of the experiment. Here we develop a capture Hi-C (cHi-C) approach to allow an agnostic characterization of these physical interactions on a genome-wide scale. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with complex diseases often reside within regulatory elements and exert effects through long-range regulation of gene expression. Applying this cHi-C approach to 14 colorectal cancer risk loci allows us to identify key long-range chromatin interactions in cis and trans involving these loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jäger
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gabriele Migliorini
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Marc Henrion
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Radhika Kandaswamy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Helen E. Speedy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Andreas Heindl
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Maria J. Carnicer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Laura Broome
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicola Dryden
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Takashi Nagano
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Martin Enge
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 14 183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 14 183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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21
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Shin VY, Chu KM. MiRNA as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10432-10439. [PMID: 25132759 PMCID: PMC4130850 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is the hallmark of this disease. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs that are involved in many biological processes (e.g., cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and development) through gene repression. Deregulation of miRNA expression in gastric tumors and cancer cell lines have been documented to contribute in tumorigenesis, and the expression signature may correlate with different cancer types and clinicopathological features. Here, we summarized the updated gastric cancer-associated miRNAs and the downstream targets in the process of tumorigenesis. Recently, many researchers make use of the miRNA microarray platform to profile miRNA expression in gastric cancer and correlated with different clinical parameters. Its application on cancer diagnosis, prognosis and predicting treatment response rate are still underway and needs further investigation. Emerging roles of miRNAs with oncogenic or tumor suppressive properties in gastric tumorigenesis were discussed. Epigenetic silencing of miRNA by hypermethylation of promoter CpG island was also observed in gastric cancer. However, detailed mechanisms of how miRNAs regulate gene expression in gastric cancer has not been well studied. In this review, we highlight the up-to-date findings on the deregulated miRNAs in gastric cancer, and the potential use of miRNA in the clinical settings, such as diagnostic/prognostic markers and chemotherapeutic tools.
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22
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MicroRNA and signaling pathways in gastric cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:305-16. [PMID: 25060632 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors by inhibiting the expression of target genes, some of which are either directly or indirectly involved with canonical signaling pathways. The relationship between miRNAs and signaling pathways in gastric cancer is extremely complicated. In this paper, we determined the pathogenic mechanism of gastric cancer related to miRNA expression based on recent high-quality studies and then clarified the regulation network of miRNA expression and the correlated functions of these miRNAs during the progression of gastric cancer. We try to illustrate the correlation between the expression of miRNAs and outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. Understanding this will allow us to take a big step forward in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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23
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Kang C, Song JJ, Lee J, Kim MY. Epigenetics: An emerging player in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6433-6447. [PMID: 24914365 PMCID: PMC4047329 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i21.6433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers, like other diseases, arise from gene mutations and/or altered gene expression, which eventually cause dysregulation of numerous proteins and noncoding RNAs. Changes in gene expression, i.e., upregulation of oncogenes and/or downregulation of tumor suppressor genes, can be generated not only by genetic and environmental factors but also by epigenetic factors, which are inheritable but nongenetic modifications of cellular chromosome components. Identification of the factors that contribute to individual cancers is a prerequisite to a full understanding of cancer mechanisms and the development of customized cancer therapies. The search for genetic and environmental factors has a long history in cancer research, but epigenetic factors only recently began to be associated with cancer formation, progression, and metastasis. Epigenetic alterations of chromatin include DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can affect gene-expression profiles. Recent studies have revealed diverse mechanisms by which chromatin modifiers, including writers, erasers and readers of the aforementioned modifications, contribute to the formation and progression of cancer. Furthermore, functional RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, have also been identified as key players in these processes. This review highlights recent findings concerning the epigenetic alterations associated with cancers, especially gastric cancer.
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24
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Rahmioglu N, Nyholt DR, Morris AP, Missmer SA, Montgomery GW, Zondervan KT. Genetic variants underlying risk of endometriosis: insights from meta-analysis of eight genome-wide association and replication datasets. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:702-16. [PMID: 24676469 PMCID: PMC4132588 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a heritable common gynaecological condition influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have proved successful in identifying common genetic variants of moderate effects for various complex diseases. To date, eight GWAS and replication studies from multiple populations have been published on endometriosis. In this review, we investigate the consistency and heterogeneity of the results across all the studies and their implications for an improved understanding of the aetiology of the condition. METHODS Meta-analyses were conducted on four GWASs and four replication studies including a total of 11 506 cases and 32 678 controls, and on the subset of studies that investigated associations for revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) Stage III/IV including 2859 cases. The datasets included 9039 cases and 27 343 controls of European (Australia, Belgium, Italy, UK, USA) and 2467 cases and 5335 controls of Japanese ancestry. Fixed and Han and Elkin random-effects models, and heterogeneity statistics (Cochran's Q test), were used to investigate the evidence of the nine reported genome-wide significant loci across datasets and populations. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed that seven out of nine loci had consistent directions of effect across studies and populations, and six out of nine remained genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8), including rs12700667 on 7p15.2 (P = 1.6 × 10−9), rs7521902 near WNT4 (P = 1.8 × 10−15), rs10859871 near VEZT (P = 4.7 × 10−15), rs1537377 near CDKN2B-AS1 (P = 1.5 × 10−8), rs7739264 near ID4 (P = 6.2 × 10−10) and rs13394619 in GREB1 (P = 4.5 × 10−8). In addition to the six loci, two showed borderline genome-wide significant associations with Stage III/IV endometriosis, including rs1250248 in FN1 (P = 8 × 10−8) and rs4141819 on 2p14 (P = 9.2 × 10−8). Two independent inter-genic loci, rs4141819 and rs6734792 on chromosome 2, showed significant evidence of heterogeneity across datasets (P < 0.005). Eight of the nine loci had stronger effect sizes among Stage III/IV cases, implying that they are likely to be implicated in the development of moderate to severe, or ovarian, disease. While three out of nine loci were inter-genic, the remaining were in or near genes with known functions of biological relevance to endometriosis, varying from roles in developmental pathways to cellular growth/carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows remarkable consistency in endometriosis GWAS results across studies, with little evidence of population-based heterogeneity. They also show that the phenotypic classifications used in GWAS to date have been limited. Stronger associations with Stage III/IV disease observed for most loci emphasize the importance for future studies to include detailed sub-phenotype information. Functional studies in relevant tissues are needed to understand the effect of the variants on downstream biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Neurogenetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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VEZT, a novel putative tumor suppressor, suppresses the growth and tumorigenicity of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74409. [PMID: 24069310 PMCID: PMC3775783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vezatin (VEZT), an adherens junctions transmembrane protein, was identified as a putative tumor suppressor in our previous study. However, the role of VEZT in tumorigenesis remains elusive. We aimed to clarify its epigenetic regulation and biological functions in gastric cancer. In this study, we show that the expression level of VEZT is involved in lymphatic metastasis, depth of cancer invasion and TNM stage in 104 gastric cancer patients. Bisulfate sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) methods showed that VEZT was hypermethylated in tissues and corresponding blood of gastric cancer patients compared with healthy controls. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces the methylation and silencing of VEZT in GES-1 cells. Restoring VEZT expression in MKN-45 and NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells inhibited growth, invasion and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Global microarray analysis was applied to analyze the molecular basis of the biological functions of VEZT after VEZT transfection combined with real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. G protein-coupled receptor 56(GPR56), cell growth, cell division cycle 42(CDC42), migration/invasion and transcription factor 19(TCF19), cell cycle progression, were identified as direct VEZT target genes. TCF19, a novel target of VEZT, was functionally validated. Overexpression of TCF19 in MKN-45 cells increased cell cycle progress and growth ability. This study provides novel insight into the regulation of the VEZT gene, which could represent a potential target for therapeutic anti-cancer strategies.
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26
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Yang B, Jing C, Wang J, Guo X, Chen Y, Xu R, Peng L, Liu J, Li L. Identification of microRNAs associated with lymphangiogenesis in human gastric cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:374-9. [PMID: 23881463 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lymphatic metastasis is a primary cause of gastric cancer-related death, yet factors governing tumor cell lymphatic metastasis have not been fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of regulatory, non-coding RNAs, some of which are involved in gastric cancer progression. However, little is known about which miRNA contributes to the lymphatic metastasis in human gastric cancer. This prompted us to find the significant miRNAs associated with lymphangiogenesis in human gastric cancer. METHODS We screened vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) expression in several gastric cancer cell lines as well as in the immortalized human gastric mucosal cell line GES-1, by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The gastric cancer cell lines MKN-45 and SGC-7901, which have commonly been cultured with human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) in vitro, promoted tube formation of HLECs following transformation with a VEGF-C expression vector. Using microarrays, we identified a panel of differentially expressed miRNAs in HLECs that had been co-cultured with VEGF-C-transformed gastric cancer cells compared with non-transformed gastric cancer cells. A subset of miRNAs was further validated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS We found altered expression of miRNAs in HLECs co-cultured with lymphangiogenesis-inducing VEGF-C-transformed gastric cancer cells, with 47 up-regulated and 42 down-regulated miRNAs. These findings were confirmed by qRT-PCR of selected miRNAs. Furthermore, several miRNAs were differentially expressed in patients with positive lymphatic metastasis of the primary gastric tumor. Up-regulated miRNAs included miR-648, miR-5002-3p, miR-4754, miR-4760-5p, miR-4491, miR-4252, miR-5007-3p, and miR-647; and down-regulated miRNAs included miR-3178, miR-593-5p, miR-4485, miR-135a-3p, miR-17, miR-1469, and miR-124-5p. CONCLUSIONS Several lymphangiogenesis-related miRNAs are significantly altered during lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
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Interplay between Misplaced Müllerian-Derived Stem Cells and Peritoneal Immune Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2013; 2013:527041. [PMID: 23843796 PMCID: PMC3697788 DOI: 10.1155/2013/527041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the genetic regulation of Müllerian structures development, a key role is played by Hoxa and Wnt clusters, because they lead the transcription of different genes according to the different phases of the organogenesis, addressing correctly cell-to-cell interactions, allowing, finally, the physiologic morphogenesis. Accumulating evidence is suggesting that dysregulation of Wnt and/or Hox genes may affect cell migration during organogenesis and differentiation of Müllerian structures of the female reproductive tract, with possible dislocation and dissemination of primordial endometrial stem cells in ectopic regions, which have high plasticity to differentiation. We hypothesize that during postpubertal age, under the influence of different stimuli, these misplaced and quiescent ectopic endometrial cells could acquire new phenotype, biological functions, and immunogenicity. So, these kinds of cells may differentiate, specializing in epithelium, glands, and stroma to form a functional ectopic endometrial tissue. This may provoke a breakdown in the peritoneal cavity homeostasis, with the consequent processes of immune alteration, documented by peripheral mononuclear cells recruitment and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in early phases and of angiogenic and fibrogenic cytokines in the late stages of the disease.
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Nyholt DR, Low SK, Anderson CA, Painter JN, Uno S, Morris AP, MacGregor S, Gordon SD, Henders AK, Martin NG, Attia J, Holliday EG, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Kennedy SH, Treloar SA, Missmer SA, Adachi S, Tanaka K, Nakamura Y, Zondervan KT, Zembutsu H, Montgomery GW. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new endometriosis risk loci. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1355-9. [PMID: 23104006 PMCID: PMC3527416 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 4,604 endometriosis cases and 9,393 controls of Japanese and European ancestry. We show that rs12700667 on chromosome 7p15.2, previously found to associate with disease in Europeans, replicates in Japanese (P = 3.6 × 10(-3)), and we confirm association of rs7521902 at 1p36.12 near WNT4. In addition, we establish an association of rs13394619 in GREB1 at 2p25.1 with endometriosis and identify a newly associated locus at 12q22 near VEZT (rs10859871). Excluding cases of European ancestry of minimal or unknown severity, we identified additional previously unknown loci at 2p14 (rs4141819), 6p22.3 (rs7739264) and 9p21.3 (rs1537377). All seven SNP effects were replicated in an independent cohort and associated at P <5 × 10(-8) in a combined analysis. Finally, we found a significant overlap in polygenic risk for endometriosis between the genome-wide association cohorts of European and Japanese descent (P = 8.8 × 10(-11)), indicating that many weakly associated SNPs represent true endometriosis risk loci and that risk prediction and future targeted disease therapy may be transferred across these populations.
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MESH Headings
- Asian People/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Endometriosis/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Loci
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Risk
- Severity of Illness Index
- White People/genetics
- Wnt4 Protein/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Nyholt
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Gigek CO, Chen ES, Calcagno DQ, Wisnieski F, Burbano RR, Smith MAC. Epigenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. Epigenomics 2012; 4:279-94. [PMID: 22690664 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the major health issues worldwide, and gastric cancer accounted for 8% of total cases and 10% of total deaths in 2008. Gastric cancer is considered an age-related disease, and the total number of newly diagnosed cases has been increasing as a result of the higher life expectancy. Therefore, the basic mechanisms underlying gastric tumorigenesis is worth investigation. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling complex and miRNA, involved in gastric cancer. As the studies in gastric cancer continue, the mapping of an epigenome code is not far for this disease. In conclusion, an epigenetic therapy might appear in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Song JH, Meltzer SJ. MicroRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal cancers. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:35-47.e2. [PMID: 22580099 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of gastroesophageal cancers is increasing each year, but despite much research, their molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have been associated with gastroesophageal carcinogenesis. We review the involvement of miRNAs in gastric and esophageal cancers and their mechanisms of regulation, effects on gene expression, and biological functions. Many miRNAs are dysregulated in gastroesophageal cancer cells via alterations in transcription, epigenetic features, or copy number of the genes that encode them. Each type of gastroesophageal tumor has a unique gene expression profile. miRNAs contribute to gastroesophageal carcinogenesis by altering expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors to affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and motility and invasion. A number of miRNAs, including circulating miRNAs, have been associated with tumor type or stage, or patient survival, and might be developed as diagnostic or prognostic markers. Greater understanding of the roles of miRNAs in gastroesophageal carcinogenesis could provide insights into the mechanisms of tumor development and identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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31
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Liao YL, Hu LY, Tsai KW, Wu CW, Chan WC, Li SC, Lai CH, Ho MR, Fang WL, Huang KH, Lin WC. Transcriptional regulation of miR-196b by ETS2 in gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:760-9. [PMID: 22298639 PMCID: PMC3324441 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
E26 transformation-specific sequence (ETS)-2 is a transcriptional modulator located on chromosome 21, alterations in its expression have been implicated with a reduced incidence of solid tumors in Down syndrome patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to participate in diverse biological functions; however, the regulation of miRNAs is not well characterized. Recently, we reported that miR-196b is highly expressed in gastric cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-196b expression was significantly repressed by ETS2 during gastric cancer oncogenesis. We demonstrate that knockdown of endogenous ETS2 expression increases miR-196b expression. A genomic region between −751 and −824 bp upstream of the miR-196b transcriptional start site was found to be critical for the repression activity. This putative regulatory promoter region contains three potential ETS2-binding motifs. Mutations within the ETS2 binding sites blocked the repression activity of ETS2. Furthermore, knockdown of ETS2 or overexpression of miR-196b significantly induced migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. In addition, alterations in ETS2 and miR-196b expression in gastric cancer cell lines affected the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related genes. The levels of vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9 were drastically induced, but levels of E-cadherin were decreased in shETS2- or miR-196b-transfected cells. Our data indicate that ETS2 plays a key role in controlling the expression of miR-196b, and miR-196b may mediate the tumor suppressor effects of ETS2. We demonstrated that miR-196b was transcriptionally regulated by ETS2 and there was an inverse expression profile between miR-196b and ETS2 in clinical samples. This finding could be beneficial for the development of effective cancer diagnostic and alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lun Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
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