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Voges L, Weiß F, Branco AT, Fromm M, Krug SM. Expression and Localization Profiles of Tight Junction Proteins in Immune Cells Depend on Their Activation Status. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4861. [PMID: 38732086 PMCID: PMC11084252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to combat pathogens relies on processes like antigen sampling by dendritic cells and macrophages migrating through endo- and epithelia or penetrating them with their dendrites. In addition, other immune cell subtypes also migrate through the epithelium after activation. For paracellular migration, interactions with tight junctions (TJs) are necessary, and previous studies reported TJ protein expression in several immune cells. Our investigation aimed to characterize, in more detail, the expression profiles of TJ proteins in different immune cells in both naïve and activated states. The mRNA expression analysis revealed distinct expression patterns for TJ proteins, with notable changes, mainly increases, upon activation. At the protein level, LSR appeared predominant, being constitutively present in naïve cell membranes, suggesting roles as a crucial interaction partner. Binding experiments suggested the presence of claudins in the membrane only after stimulation, and claudin-8 translocation to the membrane occurred after stimulation. Our findings suggest a dynamic TJ protein expression in immune cells, implicating diverse functions in response to stimulation, like interaction with TJ proteins or regulatory roles. While further analysis is needed to elucidate the precise roles of TJ proteins, our findings indicate important non-canonical functions of TJ proteins in immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Voges
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Weiß
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana-Teresa Branco
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fromm
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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Zhao B, Yin Q, Fei Y, Zhu J, Qiu Y, Fang W, Li Y. Research progress of mechanisms for tight junction damage on blood-brain barrier inflammation. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1579-1590. [PMID: 32608276 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1784952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to disease pathologies by disrupting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Tight junctions (TJ) are a key component of the BBB. Following hypoxic-ischaemic or mechanical injury to the brain, inflammatory mediators are released such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Simultaneously, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are released which can degrade TJ proteins. Subsequently, the function and morphology of the BBB are disrupted, which allows immune cells an opportunity to enter into the brain parenchyma. This review summarises the information on the role of TJ protein families in the BBB and provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms whereby inflammation breaks down the BBB by increasing degradation of TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Taghipour-Sheshdeh A, Nemati-Zargaran F, Zarepour N, Tahmasebi P, Saki N, Tabatabaiefar MA, Mohammadi-Asl J, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M. A novel pathogenic variant in the MARVELD2 gene causes autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in an Iranian family. Genomics 2018; 111:840-848. [PMID: 29752989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensorineural disorder and one of the most common human defects. HL can be classified according to main criteria, including: the site (conductive, sensorineural and mixed), onset (pre-lingual and post-lingual), accompanying signs and symptoms (syndromic and non-syndromic), severity (mild, moderate, severe and profound) and mode of inheritance (Autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked and mitochondrial). Autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL (ARNSHL) forms constitute a major share of the HL cases. In the present study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to investigate the underlying etiology of HL in a multiplex ARNSHL family from Khuzestan province, southwest Iran. METHODS In this descriptive study, 20 multiplex ARNSHL families from Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran were recruited. After DNA extraction, genetic linkage analysis (GLA) was applied to screen for a panel of more prevalent loci. One family, which was not linked to these loci, was subjected to Otogenetics deafness Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel. RESULTS NGS results showed a novel deletion-insertion variant (c.1555delinsAA) in the MARVELD2 gene. The variant which is a frameshift in the seventh exon of the MARVELD2 gene fulfills the criteria of being categorized as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guideline. CONCLUSION NGS is very promising to identify the molecular etiology of highly heterogeneous diseases such as HL. MARVELD2 might be important in the etiology of HL in this region of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Taghipour-Sheshdeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nemati-Zargaran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Narges Zarepour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parisa Tahmasebi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Hearing Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi-Asl
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Deletion of Tricellulin Causes Progressive Hearing Loss Associated with Degeneration of Cochlear Hair Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18402. [PMID: 26677943 PMCID: PMC4683410 DOI: 10.1038/srep18402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricellulin (also known as MARVELD2) is considered as a central component of tricellular tight junctions and is distributed among various epithelial tissues. Although mutations in the gene encoding tricellulin are known to cause deafness in humans (DFNB49) and mice, the influence of its systemic deletion in vivo remains unknown. When we generated tricellulin-knockout mice (Tric−/−), we found an early-onset rapidly progressive hearing loss associated with the degeneration of hair cells (HCs); however, their body size and overall appearance were normal. Tric−/− mice did not show any morphological change pertaining to other organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, thyroid gland and heart. The endocochlear potential (EP) was normal in Tric−/− mice, suggesting that the tight junction barrier is maintained in the stria vascularis, where EP is generated. The degeneration of HCs, which occurred after the maturation of EP, was prevented in the culture medium with an ion concentration similar to that of the perilymph. These data demonstrate the specific requirement of tricellulin for maintaining ion homeostasis around cochlear HCs to ensure their survival. The Tric−/− mouse provides a new model for understanding the distinct roles of tricellulin in different epithelial systems as well as in the pathogenesis of DFNB49.
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Caron TJ, Scott KE, Fox JG, Hagen SJ. Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the gastric mucosal barrier. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11411-11427. [PMID: 26523106 PMCID: PMC4616217 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. In the multi-step process that leads to gastric cancer, tight junction dysfunction is thought to occur and serve as a risk factor by permitting the permeation of luminal contents across an otherwise tight mucosa. Mechanisms that regulate tight junction function and structure in the normal stomach, or dysfunction in the infected stomach, however, are largely unknown. Although conventional tight junction components are expressed in gastric epithelial cells, claudins regulate paracellular permeability and are likely the target of inflammation or H. pylori itself. There are 27 different claudin molecules, each with unique properties that render the mucosa an intact barrier that is permselective in a way that is consistent with cell physiology. Understanding the architecture of tight junctions in the normal stomach and then changes that occur during infection is important but challenging, because most of the reports that catalog claudin expression in gastric cancer pathogenesis are contradictory. Furthermore, the role of H. pylori virulence factors, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacoulating cytotoxin, in regulating tight junction dysfunction during infection is inconsistent in different gastric cell lines and in vivo, likely because non-gastric epithelial cell cultures were initially used to unravel the details of their effects on the stomach. Hampering further study, as well, is the relative lack of cultured cell models that have tight junction claudins that are consistent with native tissues. This summary will review the current state of knowledge about gastric tight junctions, normally and in H. pylori infection, and make predictions about the consequences of claudin reorganization during H. pylori infection.
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Mruk DD, Cheng CY. The Mammalian Blood-Testis Barrier: Its Biology and Regulation. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:564-91. [PMID: 26357922 PMCID: PMC4591527 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the cellular process by which spermatogonia develop into mature spermatids within seminiferous tubules, the functional unit of the mammalian testis, under the structural and nutritional support of Sertoli cells and the precise regulation of endocrine factors. As germ cells develop, they traverse the seminiferous epithelium, a process that involves restructuring of Sertoli-germ cell junctions, as well as Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctions at the blood-testis barrier. The blood-testis barrier, one of the tightest tissue barriers in the mammalian body, divides the seminiferous epithelium into 2 compartments, basal and adluminal. The blood-testis barrier is different from most other tissue barriers in that it is not only comprised of tight junctions. Instead, tight junctions coexist and cofunction with ectoplasmic specializations, desmosomes, and gap junctions to create a unique microenvironment for the completion of meiosis and the subsequent development of spermatids into spermatozoa via spermiogenesis. Studies from the past decade or so have identified the key structural, scaffolding, and signaling proteins of the blood-testis barrier. More recent studies have defined the regulatory mechanisms that underlie blood-testis barrier function. We review here the biology and regulation of the mammalian blood-testis barrier and highlight research areas that should be expanded in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10065
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Mašindová I, Šoltýsová A, Varga L, Mátyás P, Ficek A, Hučková M, Sůrová M, Šafka-Brožková D, Anwar S, Bene J, Straka S, Janicsek I, Ahmed ZM, Seeman P, Melegh B, Profant M, Klimeš I, Riazuddin S, Kádasi Ľ, Gašperíková D. MARVELD2 (DFNB49) mutations in the hearing impaired Central European Roma population--prevalence, clinical impact and the common origin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124232. [PMID: 25885414 PMCID: PMC4401708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study we aimed: 1) To establish the prevalence and clinical impact of DFNB49 mutations in deaf Roma from 2 Central European countries (Slovakia and Hungary), and 2) to analyze a possible common origin of the c.1331+2T>C mutation among Roma and Pakistani mutation carriers identified in the present and previous studies. Methods We sequenced 6 exons of the MARVELD2 gene in a group of 143 unrelated hearing impaired Slovak Roma patients. Simultaneously, we used RFLP to detect the c.1331+2T>C mutation in 85 Hungarian deaf Roma patients, control groups of 702 normal hearing Romanies from both countries and 375 hearing impaired Slovak Caucasians. We analyzed the haplotype using 21 SNPs spanning a 5.34Mb around the mutation c.1331+2T>C. Results One pathogenic mutation (c.1331+2T>C) was identified in 12 homozygous hearing impaired Roma patients. Allele frequency of this mutation was higher in Hungarian (10%) than in Slovak (3.85%) Roma patients. The identified common haplotype in Roma patients was defined by 18 SNP markers (3.89 Mb). Fourteen common SNPs were also shared among Pakistani and Roma homozygotes. Biallelic mutation carriers suffered from prelingual bilateral moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions We demonstrate different frequencies of the c.1331+2T>C mutation in hearing impaired Romanies from 3 Central European countries. In addition, our results provide support for the hypothesis of a possible common ancestor of the Slovak, Hungarian and Czech Roma as well as Pakistani deaf patients. Testing for the c.1331+2T>C mutation may be recommended in GJB2 negative Roma cases with early-onset sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Mašindová
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders & DIABGENE, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Šoltýsová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Varga
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders & DIABGENE, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Mátyás
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrej Ficek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miloslava Hučková
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders & DIABGENE, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Sůrová
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders & DIABGENE, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Šafka-Brožková
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Charles University 2nd Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Saima Anwar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Slavomír Straka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty Hospital of J. A. Reiman, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Janicsek
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pavel Seeman
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Charles University 2nd Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Milan Profant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iwar Klimeš
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders & DIABGENE, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ľudevít Kádasi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Gašperíková
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders & DIABGENE, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Tricellulin is a tight-junction protein present at tricellular tight junctions. It has been suggested that basal cells are implicated in the blood-epididymis barrier. Basal cells express claudins, a component of tight junctions; however, there is no information regarding the potential architecture or regulation of basal cell-principal cell interactions. The present objectives were to determine the expression and localization of tricellulin in rat epididymis in relation to occludin, basal cell-principal cell interactions, and other junctional proteins. Tricellulin levels were similar in all segments of the adult epididymis, and the protein was localized to the apical region of the epithelium. Postnatal development showed that tricellulin levels increased with age and localization changed from cytoplasmic to membrane-bound as a function of age. Colocalization with occludin indicated that both proteins are in the region of the tight junction. In the initial segment, the proteins did not colocalize compared to the epididymis where they were both colocalized. Tricellulin did not colocalize with cytokeratin 5, a marker of basal cells, in any region of the epididymis, including the corpus and cauda epididymidis, where apical projections of basal cells were apparent. Tricellulin knockdown studies using small interfering RNA in rat caput epididymal principal cells resulted in decreased transepithelial resistance and was correlated with decreased levels of Cldn3, Cldn1, and occludin. Tight-junction protein1, also known as ZO-1, and cadherin1 levels were unchanged. This is the first report of tricellulin in the epididymis and on the interaction between tricellulin and other tight-junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mandon
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel G Cyr
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Krug SM, Schulzke JD, Fromm M. Tight junction, selective permeability, and related diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Rezaee F, Georas SN. Breaking barriers. New insights into airway epithelial barrier function in health and disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:857-69. [PMID: 24467704 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0541rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial permeability is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. A key component of the epithelial barrier is the apical junctional complex that forms between neighboring cells. Apical junctional complexes are made of tight junctions and adherens junctions and link to the cellular cytoskeleton via numerous adaptor proteins. Although the existence of tight and adherens junctions between epithelial cells has long been recognized, in recent years there have been significant advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of junctional complex assembly and disassembly. Here we review the current thinking about the structure and function of the apical junctional complex in airway epithelial cells, emphasizing the translational aspects of relevance to cystic fibrosis and asthma. Most work to date has been conducted using cell culture models, but technical advancements in imaging techniques suggest that we are on the verge of important new breakthroughs in this area in physiological models of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Rezaee
- 1 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
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Furuse M, Izumi Y, Oda Y, Higashi T, Iwamoto N. Molecular organization of tricellular tight junctions. Tissue Barriers 2014; 2:e28960. [PMID: 25097825 PMCID: PMC4117683 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.28960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
When the apicolateral border of epithelial cells is compared with a polygon, its sides correspond to the apical junctional complex, where cell adhesion molecules assemble from the plasma membranes of two adjacent cells. On the other hand, its vertices correspond to tricellular contacts, where the corners of three cells meet. Vertebrate tricellular contacts have specialized structures of tight junctions, termed tricellular tight junctions (tTJs). tTJs were identified by electron microscopic observations more than 40 years ago, but have been largely forgotten in epithelial cell biology since then. The identification of tricellulin and angulin family proteins as tTJ-associated membrane proteins has enabled us to study tTJs in terms of not only the paracellular barrier function but also unknown characteristics of epithelial cell corners via molecular biological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Biology; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe, Japan ; Division of Cerebral Structure; National Institute for Physiological Sciences; Okazaki, Aichi Japan
| | - Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Biology; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukako Oda
- Division of Cell Biology; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohito Higashi
- Division of Cell Biology; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriko Iwamoto
- Division of Cell Biology; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe, Japan
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Diesing AK, Nossol C, Faber-Zuschratter H, Zuschratter W, Renner L, Sokolova O, Naumann M, Rothkötter HJ. Rapid interaction of Helicobacter pylori with microvilli of the polar human gastric epithelial cell line NCI-N87. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1800-5. [PMID: 24136815 PMCID: PMC4225472 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori results often in chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers or even gastric tumor development. Little is known about the initial interaction between gastric epithelial cells and H. pylori. The aim of the present study was to analyze the initial host contact to the bacteria. Monolayers of the human gastric epithelial cell line NCI-N87 grown on porous membranes were used and the apical side of the epithelium was exposed to the H. pylori wild-type strain P1 for 1 hr. Many epithelial cells were colonized by bacteria within the period of 60 min. Using scanning electron microscopy we detected that the bacteria were in close contact with the epithelia via microvilli. Further, transmission electron microscopy of the contact sites revealed no difference in the morphology of the microvilli in comparison to those not attached to the bacteria. The present study demonstrates the importance of microvilli on apical epithelial cells during the initial contact of the host by colonizing H. pylori. Anat Rec, 296:1800–1805, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Diesing
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Hu J, Gao DZ. Distinction immune genes of hepatitis-induced heptatocellular carcinoma. Bioinformatics 2012; 28:3191-4. [PMID: 23104883 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the two leading causes resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is observed that hepatitis C virus (HCV) is relatively difficult to induce HCC compared with hepatitis B virus (HBV). This motivates us to reveal the reasons behind this from the viewpoint of immune genes. RESULTS To distinguish the immune genes with low-level expression in HBV-induced HCC, but high-level expression in HCV-induced HCC, the concept of distinction immune gene is proposed. A filter is then designed to screen these genes. By using gene positive network with strong correlations between genes, the genes are further filtered to form the set of key distinction immune genes. The 23 key distinction immune genes are screened, which are divided into four clusters, T cells, B cells, immune signalling and major histocompatibility complex. It is evident that the screened genes are important immune genes, which are activated in HCV-induced HCC, but inactivated in HBV-induced HCC. In HCV-induced HCC, the structures of HCV adaptively update, so that they are difficult to be identified by antigens. Therefore, the clinic advice is either to increase the update speed of antigens or reduce the update speed of the viruses during the treatment of HCV-induced HCC. Moreover, it is also advised to add T cells or add the expression levels of T cells to strengthen the ability to kill cancer cells. In contrast, HBV updates slowly, but the immunity system in HBV-induced HCC has been damaged seriously. As a result, the clinic advice is to improve the immune ability of patients subjected to HBV-induced HCC, such as increasing immunoglobulin, T cells and B cells and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Hu
- Department of Automation, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Takasawa A, Kojima T, Ninomiya T, Tsujiwaki M, Murata M, Tanaka S, Sawada N. Behavior of tricellulin during destruction and formation of tight junctions under various extracellular calcium conditions. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:73-84. [PMID: 23073616 PMCID: PMC3536962 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tricellulin is an important component of tricellular tight junctions (TJs) and is involved in the formation of tricellular contacts. However, little is known about its regulation during the assembly and disassembly of tricellular TJs. By using the well-differentiated pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC, which highly expresses tricellulin at tricellular contacts, we have investigated changes in the localization, expression and phosphorylation of tricellulin and in its TJ functions as a barrier and fence during the destruction and formation of TJs induced by changes in the extracellular calcium concentration. During both extracellular Ca2+ depletion caused by EGTA treatment and Ca2+ repletion after Ca2+ starvation, the expression of tricellulin increased in whole lysates and in Triton-X-100-insoluble fractions without any change in its mRNA. The increases in immunoreactivity revealed by Western blotting were prevented by alkaline phosphatase treatment. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that tricellulin was phosphorylated on threonine residues when it increased after Ca2+ depletion and repletion. In the early stage after Ca2+ repletion, tricellulin was expressed not only at tricellular contacts but also in the cytoplasm and at bicellular borders. In confocal laser microscopy, tricellulin was observed at the apical-most regions and basolateral membranes of tricellular contacts after Ca2+ repletion. Knockdown of tricellulin delayed the recovery of the barrier and fence functions after Ca2+ repletion. Thus, the dynamic behavior of tricellulin during the destruction and formation of TJs under various extracellular calcium conditions seems to be closely associated with the barrier and fence functions of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Mariano C, Sasaki H, Brites D, Brito MA. A look at tricellulin and its role in tight junction formation and maintenance. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:787-96. [PMID: 21868126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are elaborate networks of transmembrane and cytosolic proteins that regulate epithelial permeability. Tricellulin was the first tight junction protein found at tricellular tight junctions, the specialized structures occurring where three cells meet together. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about tricellulin (marvelD2), a MARVEL domain protein. We address tricellulin location at tricellular junctions, and establish the comparison with the other members of the MARVEL family, occludin (marvelD1) and marvelD3. The structure of tricellulin and its membrane folding, as well as the proposed molecular interactions of tricellulin with other tight junction proteins, together with the interplay between those proteins are also discussed. In addition, we address the role of tricellulin in barrier properties, discriminating the involvement of the protein in paracellular permeability at bicellular and at tricellular tight junctions. Moreover, the key importance of the protein for hearing is highlighted based on the fact that mutations in TRIC, the human tricellulin gene, lead to deafness. Furthermore, this review points to some of the aspects that still deserve clarification for a better understanding of the biology of tight junctions in general and of tricellulin in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibelle Mariano
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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