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Xiaohui T, Wang L, Yang X, Jiang H, Zhang N, Zhang H, Li D, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhong C, Yu S, Ren M, Sun M, Li N, Chen T, Ma Y, Li F, Liu J, Yu Y, Yue H, Zhang Z, Zhang G. Sclerostin inhibition in rare bone diseases: Molecular understanding and therapeutic perspectives. J Orthop Translat 2024; 47:39-49. [PMID: 39007037 PMCID: PMC11245887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin emerges as a novel target for bone anabolic therapy in bone diseases. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) are rare bone diseases in which therapeutic potential of sclerostin inhibition cannot be ignored. In OI, genetic/pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition promoted bone formation of mice, but responses varied by genotype and age. Serum sclerostin levels were higher in young OI-I patients, while lower in adult OI-I/III/IV. It's worth investigating whether therapeutic response of OI to sclerostin inhibition could be clinically predicted by genotype and age. In XLH, preclinical/clinical data suggested factors other than identified FGF23 contributing to XLH. Higher levels of circulating sclerostin were detected in XLH. Sclerostin inhibition promoted bone formation in Hyp mice, while restored phosphate homeostasis in age-/gender-dependent manner. The role of sclerostin in regulating phosphate metabolism deserves investigation. Sclerostin/FGF23 levels of XLH patients with/without response to FGF23-antibody warrants study to develop precise sclerostin/FGF23 inhibition strategy or synergistic/additive strategy. Notably, OI patients were associated with cardiovascular abnormalities, so were XLH patients receiving conventional therapy. Targeting sclerostin loop3 promoted bone formation without cardiovascular risks. Further, blockade of sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interaction while preserving sclerostin loop2-ApoER2 interaction could be a potential precise sclerostin inhibition strategy for OI and XLH with cardiovascular safety. The Translational Potential of this Article. Preclinical data on the molecular understanding of sclerostin inhibition in OI and therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of different genotypes, as well as clinical data on serum sclerostin levels in patients with different phenotypes of OI, were reviewed and discussed. Translationally, it would facilitate to develop clinical prediction strategies (e.g. based on genotype and age, not just phenotype) for OI patients responsive to sclerostin inhibition. Both preclinical and clinical data suggested sclerostin as another factor contributing to XLH, in addition to the identified FGF23. The molecular understanding and therapeutic effects of sclerostin inhibition on both promoting bone anabolism and improving phosphate homostasis in Hyp mice were reviewed and discussed. Translationaly, it would facilitate the development of precise sclerostin/FGF23 inhibition strategy or synergistic/additive strategy for the treatment of XLH. Cardiovascular risk could not be ruled out during sclerostin inhibition treatment, especially for OI and XLH patients with cardiovascular diseases history and cardiovascular abnormalities. Studies on the role of sclerostin in inhiting bone formation and protecting cardiovascular system were reviewed and discussed. Translationaly, blockade of sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interaction while preserving sclerostin loop2-ApoER2 interaction could be a potential precise sclerostin inhibition strategy for OI and XLH with cardiovascular safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiaohui
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hewen Jiang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huarui Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dijie Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuanxin Zhong
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meiheng Sun
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nanxi Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tienan Chen
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua Yue
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery (PMID), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ni X, Zhang Q, Li X, Pang Q, Gong Y, Wang O, Li M, Xing X, Jiang Y, Xia W. Low Levels of Serum Sclerostin in Adult Patients With Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia Compared With X-linked Hypophosphatemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e361-e371. [PMID: 34363479 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sclerostin inhibits Wnt-β-catenin signaling, regulating bone formation. Circulating sclerostin was reported to be elevated in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) patients, and sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) increased bone mass and normalized circulating phosphate in Hyp mice. However, circulating sclerostin levels in patients with acquired hypophosphatemia due to tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate serum sclerostin levels in TIO patients compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls and XLH patients to analyze correlations with bone mineral density (BMD) and laboratory parameters. METHODS This cross-sectional study determined serum sclerostin levels in 190 individuals, comprising 83 adult TIO patients, 83 adult healthy controls and 24 adult XLH patients. RESULTS TIO patients (43 male, 40 female) aged 44.3 ± 8.7 (mean ± SD) years had lower levels of circulating sclerostin than controls (94.2 ± 45.8 vs 108.4 ± 42.3 pg/mL, P = 0.01), adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and diabetes rate. Sclerostin levels were positively associated with age (r = 0.238, P = 0.030). Male patients had higher sclerostin than female patients (104.7 ± 47.3 vs 83.0 ± 41.8 pg/mL, P = 0.014). Sclerostin levels were positively associated with L1-4 BMD (r = 0.255, P = 0.028), femoral neck BMD (r = 0.242, P = 0.039), and serum calcium (r = 0.231, P = 0.043). Comparison of sclerostin levels in TIO patients (n = 24, age 35.9 ± 7.3 years) vs XLH patients vs healthy controls revealed significant differences (respectively, 68.4 ± 31.3, 132.0 ± 68.8, and 98.6 ± 41.1 pg/mL, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Circulating sclerostin was decreased in TIO patients but increased in XLH patients, possibly due to histological abnormality and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Laboratory Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yiyi Gong
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Fayed A, Soliman A, Elgohary R. Measuring Serum Sclerostin in Egyptian Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Evaluating Its Effect on Disease Activity: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:161-167. [PMID: 31895114 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sclerostin is an osteocyte-secreted protein that downregulates bone formation by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Sclerostin can be induced by inflammation, and high levels have been reported in patients with proteinuria and renal impairment. Studies evaluating the role of sclerostin in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are scarce. This study aims to measure serum sclerostin in SLE patients and correlate its level with bone biomarkers and disease activity, particularly in lupus nephritis and arthritis. Finally, we evaluated factors that may predict sclerostin concentrations. METHODS This cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted from May 2017 to April 2018. Serum sclerostin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 100 SLE patients, including 50 patients with current lupus nephritis and 27 patients with current arthritis, as well as in 50 healthy controls. Correlation analysis of serum sclerostin with demography, bone biomarkers, and disease activity in SLE patients was carried out. RESULTS Sclerostin levels were significantly elevated in SLE patients, particularly those with lupus nephritis, compared with healthy controls. Higher levels were identified in patients without arthritis compared with those with; however, the former group had more proteinuria and renal impairment. Significant correlations were observed between sclerostin levels and serum creatinine, proteinuria, consumed C3 and C4 complement, and corrected Ca. Using multiple linear regression, proteinuria was the only significant predictor for serum sclerostin in SLE patients. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report that serum sclerostin is associated with proteinuria in SLE patients and could be used as a valuable biomarker for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rasmia Elgohary
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lim KE, Bullock WA, Horan DJ, Williams BO, Warman ML, Robling AG. Co-deletion of Lrp5 and Lrp6 in the skeleton severely diminishes bone gain from sclerostin antibody administration. Bone 2021; 143:115708. [PMID: 33164872 PMCID: PMC7770084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cysteine knot protein sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived secreted inhibitor of the Wnt co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6. LRP5 plays a dominant role in bone homeostasis, but we previously reported that Sost/sclerostin suppression significantly increased osteogenesis regardless of Lrp5 presence or absence. Those observations suggested that the bone forming effects of sclerostin inhibition can occur through Lrp6 (when Lrp5 is suppressed), or through other yet undiscovered mechanisms independent of Lrp5/6. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we generated mice with compound deletion of Lrp5 and Lrp6 selectively in bone, and treated them with sclerostin monoclonal antibody (Scl-mAb). All mice were homozygous flox for both Lrp5 and Lrp6 (Lrp5f/f; Lrp6f/f), and varied only in whether or not they carried the Dmp1-Cre transgene. Positive (Cre+) and negative (Cre-) mice were injected with Scl-mAb or vehicle from 4.5 to 14 weeks of age. Vehicle-treated Cre+ mice exhibited significantly reduced skeletal properties compared to vehicle-treated Cre- mice, as assessed by DXA, μCT, pQCT, and histology, indicating that Lrp5/6 deletions were effective and efficient. Scl-mAb treatment improved nearly every bone-related parameter among Cre- mice, but the same treatment in Cre+ mice resulted in little to no improvement in skeletal properties. For the few endpoints where Cre+ mice responded to Scl-mAb, it is likely that antibody-induced promotion of Wnt signaling occurred in cell types earlier in the mesenchymal/osteoblast differentiation pathway than the Dmp1-expressing stage. This latter conclusion was supported by changes in some histomorphometric parameters. In conclusion, unlike with the deletion of Lrp5 alone, the bone-selective late-stage co-deletion of Lrp5 and Lrp6 significantly impairs or completely nullifies the osteogenic action of Scl-mAb, and highlights a major role for both Lrp5 and Lrp6 in the mechanism of action for the bone-building effects of sclerostin antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Lim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Whitney A Bullock
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Sapunarova K, Goranova-Marinova V, Georgiev P, Deneva T, Tsvetkova S, Grudeva-Popova Z. Associations of serum sclerostin with bone mineral density, markers of bone metabolism and thalassaemia characteristics in adult patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia. Ann Med 2020; 52:94-108. [PMID: 32212941 PMCID: PMC7877979 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1744708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study: To assess serum sclerostin in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia patients versus healthy controls and to examine its associations with bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers and beta thalassaemia alterations.Material and methods: Sixty-two transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia (TDßT) patients and 30 healthy controls were evaluated for serum sclerostin, osteocalcin, beta-cross laps, osteoprotegerin and serum level of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (sRANKL). Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Thalassaemia characteristics were collected from the patients' medical records.Results: A significantly higher sclerostin level (median 565.50 pmol/L) was observed in the transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia patients vs. the healthy controls (median 48.65 pmol/L, p < .001). Sclerostin showed significant associations with the Z-scores at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, osteocalcin, beta-cross laps, osteoprotegerin, sRANKL, pretransfusion haemoglobin, liver iron concentration and female gonadal state. Significantly higher levels of sclerostin were observed in splenectomized TDßT patients and in those with fragility fractures. Age, sex, body mass index, disease severity, serum ferritin, cardiac T2* and male gonadal state did not show significant associations with sclerostin.Conclusion: Sclerostin may play a role in the bone pathophysiology of beta-thalassaemia patients and could serve as a marker of severe osteoporosis.KEY MЕSSAGESSerum sclerostin is more than 10-fold higher in adult patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia compared to healthy controls.Serum sclerostin is negatively associated with bone mineral density and the bone synthesis markers and positively with the bone resorption indices.Serum sclerostin is significantly associated with pre-transfusion haemoglobin, liver iron concentration, splenectomy status and fragility fracture events in adult patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia.Serum sclerostin could serve as a marker of severe osteoporosis in beta-thalassaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Sapunarova
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vesselina Goranova-Marinova
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Pencho Georgiev
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Hematology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Deneva
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Tsvetkova
- Department of Imaging Diagnostics, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhanet Grudeva-Popova
- Clinic of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital “Sv. Georgi”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Davies OG, Cox SC, Azoidis I, McGuinness AJA, Cooke M, Heaney LM, Davis ET, Jones SW, Grover LM. Osteoblast-Derived Vesicle Protein Content Is Temporally Regulated During Osteogenesis: Implications for Regenerative Therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:92. [PMID: 31119130 PMCID: PMC6504811 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) are a collection of secreted (sEVs) and matrix-bound nanoparticles that function as foci for mineral nucleation and accumulation. Due to the fact sEVs can be isolated directly from the culture medium of mineralizing osteoblasts, there is growing interest their application regenerative medicine. However, at present therapeutic advancements are hindered by a lack of understanding of their precise temporal contribution to matrix mineralization. This study advances current knowledge by temporally aligning sEV profile and protein content with mineralization status. sEVs were isolated from mineralizing primary osteoblasts over a period of 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Bimodal particle distributions were observed (weeks 1 and 3: 44 and 164 nm; week 2: 59 and 220 nm), indicating a heterogeneous population with dimensions characteristic of exosome- (44 and 59 nm) and microvesicle-like (164 and 220 nm) particles. Proteomic characterization by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed a declining correlation in EV-localized proteins as mineralization advanced, with Pearson correlation-coefficients of 0.79 (week 1 vs. 2), 0.6 (2 vs. 3) and 0.46 (1 vs. 3), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) further highlighted a time-dependent divergence in protein content as mineralization advanced. The most significant variations were observed at week 3, with a significant (p < 0.05) decline in particle concentration, visual evidence of EV rupture and enhanced mineralization. A total of 116 vesicle-localized proteins were significantly upregulated at week 3 (56% non-specifically, 19% relative to week 1, 25% relative to week 2). Gene ontology enrichment analysis of these proteins highlighted overrepresentation of genes associated with matrix organization. Of note, increased presence of phospholipid-binding and calcium channeling annexin proteins (A2, A5, and A6) indicative of progressive variations in the nucleational capacity of vesicles, as well as interaction with the surrounding ECM. We demonstrate sEV-mediated mineralization is dynamic process with variations in vesicle morphology and protein content having a potential influence on developmental changes matrix organization. These findings have implications for the selection and application of EVs for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen G. Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie C. Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Azoidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. A. McGuinness
- Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Cooke
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liam M. Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon W. Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liam M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Kim IS, Song W, Arakawa H. The Role of Low-Level Sodium Fluoride in Periodontal Inflammation. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Shin Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University
| | - Wenqun Song
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
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Hassan MG, Zaher AR, Palomo JM, Palomo L. Sclerostin Modulation Holds Promise for Dental Indications. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6040134. [PMID: 30477095 PMCID: PMC6316148 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin modulation is a novel therapeutic bone regulation strategy. The anti-sclerostin drugs, proposed in medicine for skeletal bone loss may be developed for jaw bone indications in dentistry. Alveolar bone responsible for housing dentition share common bone remodeling mechanisms with skeletal bone. Manipulating alveolar bone turnover can be used as a strategy to treat diseases such as periodontitis, where large bone defects from disease are a surgical treatment challenge and to control tooth position in orthodontic treatment, where moving teeth through bone in the treatment goal. Developing such therapeutics for dentistry is a future line for research and therapy. Furthermore, it underscores the interprofessional relationship that is the future of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G Hassan
- Division of Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
| | - Abbas R Zaher
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| | - Juan Martin Palomo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905, USA.
| | - Leena Palomo
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905, USA.
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Chen A, Sun Y, Cui J, Zhao B, Wang H, Chen X, Mao Y. Associations of sclerostin with carotid artery atherosclerosis and all-cause mortality in Chinese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:264. [PMID: 30314461 PMCID: PMC6186107 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies found inconsistent relationship between circulating sclerostin levels and treatment outcome in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the associations of sclerostin with carotid artery atherosclerosis and all-cause mortality in Chinese patients undergoing MHD. METHODS This retrospective study assessed 84 patients undergoing MHD at the Nephrology Department of Beijing Hospital from January to April 2012, with a median follow-up of 61.2 months (range: 11.5 to 63 months). Carotid artery intima-media thicknesses (CIMTs) and atherosclerotic plaques were measured by B-mode Doppler ultrasound at baseline. Blood samples were collected for measuring serum sclerostin and soluble klotho (s-klotho) levels. The associations of sclerostin levels with carotid artery atherosclerosis was evaluated by correlation methods. Predictive factors of mortality were assessed by multivariate COX regression. RESULTS Baseline serum sclerostin averaged 162.01 pmol/L, with an interquartile range of 121.69 to 225.22 pmol/L, while CIMT values were 1.35 ± 0.39 mm. Carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 68 subjects (81%). Subjects with sclerostin levels above the median value had higher CIMT (p = 0.038) and higher prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque (p = 0.025). During follow-up, 27 patients died; Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that subjects with high sclerostin levels (above the median value at baseline) had shorter survival (log rank p = 0.011). In multivariate COX regression analysis, serum sclerostin (HR, 1.095; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.022-1.174, p = 0.010) and albumin (HR, 0.742; 95%CI 0.612-0.900, p = 0.002) levels were independent predictors of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin is positively associated with CIMT. In addition, patients with low baseline serum sclerostin undergoing MHD show better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Cui
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ban Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianguang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Bisson SK, Ung RV, Mac-Way F. Role of the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway in Renal Osteodystrophy. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5893514. [PMID: 29808090 PMCID: PMC5901476 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5893514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification and bone fragility are common and interrelated health problems that affect chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Bone fragility, which leads to higher risk of fracture and mortality, arises from the abnormal bone remodeling and mineralization that are seen in chronic kidney disease. Recently, sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 were suggested to play a significant role in CKD-related bone disease as they are known inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, thus preventing bone formation. This review focuses on new knowledge about the Wnt pathway in bone, how its function is affected by chronic kidney disease and how this affects bone structure. Expression of components and inhibitors of the Wnt pathway has been shown to be affected by the loss of kidney function, and a better understanding of the bone effects of Wnt pathway inhibitors could allow the development of new therapies to prevent bone fragility in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Kim Bisson
- Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roth-Visal Ung
- Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- Faculty and Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Müller WE, Tolba E, Ackermann M, Neufurth M, Wang S, Feng Q, Schröder HC, Wang X. Fabrication of amorphous strontium polyphosphate microparticles that induce mineralization of bone cells in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:89-101. [PMID: 28017868 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the fabrication process of amorphous strontium-polyphosphate microparticles ("Sr-a-polyP-MP"). The effects of these particles on growth and gene expression were investigated with SaOS-2 cells as well as with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and compared with those particles prepared of amorphous calcium-polyphosphate ("Ca-a-polyP-MP") and of strontium salt. The results revealed a markedly higher stimulation of growth of MSC by "Sr-a-polyP-MP" compared to "Ca-a-polyP-MP" and a significant increase in mineralization of SaOS-2 cells, as well as an enhanced upregulation of the expression of the genes encoding for alkaline phosphatase and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), likewise performed with SaOS-2 cells. On the other hand, "Sr-a-polyP-MP" only slightly changes the expression of the osteocyte-specific sclerostin, a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and an inhibitor of bone cell differentiation as well as of mineralization in SaOS-2 cells. In contrast, "Ca-a-polyP-MP" strongly increased the steady-state expression of the SOST (sclerostin) gene. In animal studies poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microspheres, containing polyP particles, were implanted into critical-size calvarial defects in rats. The results show that the amorphous Sr-polyP-containing microspheres caused an increased healing/mineralization of the bone defect even after short implantation periods of 8-12weeks, if compared to the β-tri-calcium phosphate control as well as to Ca-polyP. It is proposed that "Sr-a-polyP-MP" might elicit suitable properties to be applied as a regeneratively active implant material for bone repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this manuscript, we fabricated amorphous strontium-polyphosphate microparticles ("Sr-a-polyP-MP") and studied their effects on bone mineral formation in vitro as well as in vivo. In vitro, those particles substantially increased the expression of the genes encoding for alkaline phosphatase, the bone morphogenetic protein 2 and the mineralization. In vivo, the "Sr-a-polyP-MP" packed into PLGA microspheres and implanted into critical-size calvarial defects in rats resulted in a speeded up of the healing/mineralization of the bone defect. Those properties qualify Sr-a-polyP as a suitable biomaterial for bone regenerative implants.
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12
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Delgado-Calle J, Sato AY, Bellido T. Role and mechanism of action of sclerostin in bone. Bone 2017; 96:29-37. [PMID: 27742498 PMCID: PMC5328835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After discovering that lack of Sost/sclerostin expression is the cause of the high bone mass human syndromes Van Buchem disease and sclerosteosis, extensive animal experimentation and clinical studies demonstrated that sclerostin plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and that its deficiency or pharmacological neutralization increases bone formation. Dysregulation of sclerostin expression also underlies the pathophysiology of skeletal disorders characterized by loss of bone mass, as well as the damaging effects of some cancers in bone. Thus, sclerostin has quickly become a promising molecular target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases, and beneficial skeletal outcomes are observed in animal studies and clinical trials using neutralizing antibodies against sclerostin. However, the anabolic effect of blocking sclerostin decreases with time, bone mass accrual is also accompanied by anti-catabolic effects, and there is bone loss over time after therapy discontinuation. Further, the cellular source of sclerostin in the bone/bone marrow microenvironment under physiological and pathological conditions, the pathways that regulate sclerostin expression and the mechanisms by which sclerostin modulates the activity of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts remain unclear. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on the regulation of Sost/sclerotin expression and its mechanism(s) of action, discuss novel observations regarding its role in signaling pathways activated by hormones and mechanical stimuli in bone, and propose future research needed to understand the full potential of therapeutic interventions that modulate Sost/sclerostin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Yue C, Shuqin L, Lan H, Hongwei D. [Preliminary research on the expression of sclerostin mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 2 in cementoblast]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2016; 34:244-247. [PMID: 27526447 PMCID: PMC7030842 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research explores the regulatory role of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in the expression of sclerostin in OCCM-30 cementoblast. METHODS OCCM-30 cementoblasts were treated with 50 and 100 ng · mL⁻¹ BMP2 for 3, 5, and 7 days. SOST mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot analysis was employed to detect the sclerostin levels in the nucleus. Five groups were prepared for the experiments: control, BMP2, BMP2+dorsomorphin, BMP2+SB202190, and BMP2+PD98059. OCCM-30 was pretreated with BMP2 for 3 and 5 days, and then the sclerostin and SOST mRNA levels were measured. RESULTS RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that BMP2 upregulated the expression of SOST in a concentration-dependent manner. SOST expression increased with time (P < 0.05). Moreover, sclerostin levels of BMP2+dorsomorphin, BMP2+SB202190, and BMP2+PD98059 groups were lower than that of the BMP2 group, and the sclerostin level in BMP2+dorsomorphin group was lowest (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The upregulation of SOST by BMP2 in OCCM-30 is mainly mediated by the BMP2/Smad signal pathway.
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Marinho SMSDA, Mafra D, Pelletier S, Hage V, Teuma C, Laville M, Carraro Eduardo JC, Fouque D. In Hemodialysis Patients, Intradialytic Resistance Exercise Improves Osteoblast Function: A Pilot Study. J Ren Nutr 2016; 26:341-5. [PMID: 27113628 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormalities in mineral and bone metabolism are frequent in chronic kidney disease patients. Physical exercise can improve many indicators of physical functioning, and recent studies showed beneficial effects on bone mineral density in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance exercise training on bone markers and body composition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. DESIGN This was a randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS The study included 13 HD patients (46.2% men). INTERVENTION Patients were divided into a control group and an exercise group, which performed 8 weeks of intradialytic resistance exercise. Serum sclerostin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), insulin, leptin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and body composition were measured before and after the exercise period. RESULTS In the exercise group, BAP levels increased from 11.4 ± 6.5 to 14.6 ± 6.4 U/L (P < .05) and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels from 46.0 ± 23.5 to 87.2 ± 31.8 ng/mL (P < .05). After exercise, serum BAP levels were inversely correlated with serum sclerostin (r = -0.96, P < .05). There was no change in body composition in either group. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise training appears to be an interesting approach for stimulating BAP production in HD patients and may prevent bone loss and stimulate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara S de A Marinho
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solenne Pelletier
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, CARMEN, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valerie Hage
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, CARMEN, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Teuma
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, CARMEN, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maurice Laville
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, CARMEN, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, CARMEN, CENS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Balli U, Aydogdu A, Dede FO, Turer CC, Guven B. Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Sclerostin, Osteoprotegerin, and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1396-404. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thouverey C, Caverzasio J. Sclerostin inhibits osteoblast differentiation without affecting BMP2/SMAD1/5 or Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling but through activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling in vitro. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:757. [PMID: 26587226 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin inhibits bone formation mostly by antagonizing LRP5/6, thus inhibiting Wnt signaling. However, experiments with genetically modified mouse models suggest that a significant part of sclerostin-mediated inhibition of bone formation is due to interactions with other binding partners. The objective of the present work was to identify signaling pathways affected by sclerostin in relation with its inhibitory action on osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts. Sclerostin inhibited BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation without altering SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. Moreover, sclerostin prevented Wnt3a-mediated osteoblastogenesis without affecting LRP5/6 phosphorylation or β-catenin transcriptional activity. In addition, sclerostin inhibited mineralization promoted by GSK3 inhibition, which mimics canonical Wnt signaling without activation of LRP5/6, suggesting that sclerostin can prevent osteoblast differentiation without antagonizing LRP5/6. Finally, we found that sclerostin could activate platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and its downstream signaling pathways PLCγ, PKC, Akt and ERK1/2. PDGFR inhibition could reverse sclerostin-mediated inhibitory activity on BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, our data suggest that sclerostin can activate PDGFR signaling by itself, and this functional interaction may be involved in the negative effect of sclerostin on osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Caverzasio
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
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Asamiya Y, Yajima A, Shimizu S, Otsubo S, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K. Associations between the levels of sclerostin, phosphate, and fibroblast growth factor-23 and treatment with vitamin D in hemodialysis patients with low intact PTH level. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1017-28. [PMID: 25366373 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Serum sclerostin levels could be closely associated with serum phosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 levels in hemodialysis patients with low intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Further study is required to indicate whether these close associations are present in patients with spontaneously low PTH levels without any vitamin D treatment. INTRODUCTION Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is involved in the interaction between sclerostin and phosphate/fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) in animal models. However, their relationship in patients on hemodialysis (HD) is unclear. METHODS Data of 102 HD patients were collected regarding clinical and laboratory parameters and mineral bone disorder medications. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the iPTH level (A, <70 pg/mL; B, 70-150 pg/mL; C, 150-300 pg/mL; and D, ≥ 300 pg/mL). RESULTS The sclerostin level was significantly and positively correlated with phosphate and log of FGF23 levels in subgroups A, B, and combined A and B. Multiple linear regression analysis in the combined A and B subgroup revealed that male sex (t = 3.24, P = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.78 to 50.43) and phosphate level (t = 2.13, P = 0.04; 95% CI, 1.08 to 36.91) were independent factors for serum sclerostin level. The log of serum FGF23 level (t = 1.90, P = 0.06, 95% CI -1.85 to 63.50) appeared to be an important factor for serum sclerostin level. The frequency of patients using vitamin D treatment was not significantly different among subgroups A (93.1%), B (88.0%), C (85.2%), and D (90.5%). CONCLUSION Serum sclerostin levels were associated with serum phosphate and FGF23 levels in patients with low iPTH levels. Further study is required to indicate whether these close associations are present in patients with spontaneously low iPTH levels without vitamin D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Asamiya
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-chou, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan,
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Sapir-Koren R, Livshits G. Osteocyte control of bone remodeling: is sclerostin a key molecular coordinator of the balanced bone resorption-formation cycles? Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:2685-700. [PMID: 25030653 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes, entrapped within a newly mineralized bone matrix, possess a unique cellular identity due to a specialized morphology and a molecular signature. These features endow them to serve as a bone response mechanism for mechanical stress in their microenvironment. Sclerostin, a primarily osteocyte product, is widely considered as a mechanotranduction key molecule whose expression is suppressed by mechanical loading, or it is induced by unloading. This review presents a model suggesting that sclerostin is major mediator for integrating mechanical, local, and hormonal signals, sensed by the osteocytes, in controlling the remodeling apparatus. This central role is achieved through interplay between two opposing mechanisms: (1) unloading-induced high sclerostin levels, which antagonize Wnt-canonical-β-catenin signaling in osteocytes and osteoblasts, permitting simultaneously Wnt-noncanonical and/or other pathways in osteocytes and osteoclasts, directed at bone resorption; (2) mechanical loading results in low sclerostin levels, activation of Wnt-canonical signaling, and bone formation. Therefore, adaptive bone remodeling occurring at a distinct bone compartment is orchestrated by altered sclerostin levels, which regulate the expression of the other osteocyte-specific proteins, such as RANKL, OPG, and proteins encoded by "mineralization-related genes" (DMP1, PHEX, and probably FGF23). For example, under specific terms, sclerostin regulates differential RANKL and OPG production, and creates a dynamic RANKL/OPG ratio, leading either to bone formation or resorption. It also controls the expression of PHEX, DMP1, and most likely FGF23, leading to either bone matrix mineralization or its inhibition. Such opposing up- or down-regulation of remodeling phases allows osteocytes to function as an "external unit", ensuring transition from bone resorption to bone formation.Mini Abstract: The osteocyte network plays a central role in directing bone response either to mechanical loading, or to unloading, leading correspondingly to bone formation or resorption. This review shows a key role of the osteocyte-produced sclerostin as a major mediator of the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of adaptive bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sapir-Koren
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Genetos DC, Wong A, Weber TJ, Karin NJ, Yellowley CE. Impaired osteoblast differentiation in annexin A2- and -A5-deficient cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107482. [PMID: 25222280 PMCID: PMC4164658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are a class of calcium-binding proteins with diverse functions in the regulation of lipid rafts, inflammation, fibrinolysis, transcriptional programming and ion transport. Within bone, they are well-characterized as components of mineralizing matrix vesicles, although little else is known as to their function during osteogenesis. We employed shRNA to generate annexin A2 (AnxA2)- or annexin A5 (AnxA5)-knockdown pre-osteoblasts, and determined whether proliferation or osteogenic differentiation was altered in knockdown cells, compared to pSiren (Si) controls. We report that DNA content, a marker of proliferation, was significantly reduced in both AnxA2 and AnxA5 knockdown cells. Alkaline phosphatase expression and activity were also suppressed in AnxA2- or AnxA5-knockdown after 14 days of culture. The pattern of osteogenic gene expression was altered in knockdown cells, with Col1a1 expressed more rapidly in knock-down cells, compared to pSiren. In contrast, Runx2, Ibsp, and Bglap all revealed decreased expression after 14 days of culture. In both AnxA2- and AnxA5-knockdown, interleukin-induced STAT6 signaling was markedly attenuated compared to pSiren controls. These data suggest that AnxA2 and AnxA5 can influence bone formation via regulation of osteoprogenitor proliferation, differentiation, and responsiveness to cytokines in addition to their well-studied function in matrix vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Weber
- Systems Toxicology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Karin
- Systems Toxicology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thorfve A, Bergstrand A, Ekström K, Lindahl A, Thomsen P, Larsson A, Tengvall P. Gene expression profiling of peri-implant healing of PLGA-Li+ implants suggests an activated Wnt signaling pathway in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102597. [PMID: 25047349 PMCID: PMC4105622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone development and regeneration is associated with the Wnt signaling pathway that, according to literature, can be modulated by lithium ions (Li+). The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression profile during peri-implant healing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants with incorporated Li+, while PLGA without Li+ was used as control, and a special attention was then paid to the Wnt signaling pathway. The implants were inserted in rat tibia for 7 or 28 days and the gene expression profile was investigated using a genome-wide microarray analysis. The results were verified by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Histomorphometry was used to evaluate the possible effect of Li+ on bone regeneration. The microarray analysis revealed a large number of significantly differentially regulated genes over time within the two implant groups. The Wnt signaling pathway was significantly affected by Li+, with approximately 34% of all Wnt-related markers regulated over time, compared to 22% for non-Li+ containing (control; Ctrl) implants. Functional cluster analysis indicated skeletal system morphogenesis, cartilage development and condensation as related to Li+. The downstream Wnt target gene, FOSL1, and the extracellular protein-encoding gene, ASPN, were significantly upregulated by Li+ compared with Ctrl. The presence of β-catenin, FOSL1 and ASPN positive cells was confirmed around implants of both groups. Interestingly, a significantly reduced bone area was observed over time around both implant groups. The presence of periostin and calcitonin receptor-positive cells was observed at both time points. This study is to the best of the authors' knowledge the first report evaluating the effect of a local release of Li+ from PLGA at the fracture site. The present study shows that during the current time frame and with the present dose of Li+ in PLGA implants, Li+ is not an enhancer of early bone growth, although it affects the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thorfve
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergstrand
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS VINN Excellence Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Stiftelsen Chalmers Industriteknik, Chalmers Teknikpark, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Ekström
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindahl
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Larsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SuMo BIOMATERIALS VINN Excellence Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pentti Tengvall
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Houari S, Wurtz T, Ferbus D, Chateau D, Dessombz A, Berdal A, Babajko S. Asporin and the mineralization process in fluoride-treated rats. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1446-55. [PMID: 24967458 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis of odontoblastic cells treated with sodium fluoride has identified the asporin gene as a fluoride target. Asporin is a member of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan/protein (SLRP) family that is believed to be important in the mineralization process. In this study, asporin expression and distribution were investigated by systematic analysis of dentin and enamel, with and without fluoride treatment. Specific attention was focused on a major difference between the two mineralized tissues: the presence of a collagenous scaffold in dentin, and its absence in enamel. Normal and fluorotic, continually growing incisors from Wistar rats treated with 2.5 to 7.5 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) were studied by immunochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR. Asporin was continuously expressed in odontoblasts throughout dentin formation as expected. Asporin was also found, for the first time, in dental epithelial cells, particularly in maturation-stage ameloblasts. NaF decreased asporin expression in odontoblasts and enhanced it in ameloblasts, both in vivo and in vitro. The inverse response in the two cell types suggests that the effector, fluoride, is a trigger that elicits a cell-type-specific reaction. Confocal and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry evidenced an association between asporin and type 1 collagen in the pericellular nonmineralized compartments of both bone and dentin. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed asporin in the microenvironment of all cells observed. Thus, asporin is produced by collagen-matrix-forming and non-collagen-matrix-forming cells but may have different effects on the mineralization process. A model is proposed that predicts impaired mineral formation associated with the deficiency and excess of asporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Houari
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Tilmann Wurtz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Didier Ferbus
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Danielle Chateau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; INSERM UMRS 1138 Intestine: nutrition, barrier and diseases; Paris France
| | - Arnaud Dessombz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
- Hôpital Rothschild; Paris France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS) 1138, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology; Paris France
- Université Paris-Descartes; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité Fédérative de Recherche (UFR) d'Odontologie; Paris France
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Kumar R, Vallon V. Reduced renal calcium excretion in the absence of sclerostin expression: evidence for a novel calcium-regulating bone kidney axis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2159-68. [PMID: 24876121 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys contribute to calcium homeostasis by adjusting the reabsorption and excretion of filtered calcium through processes that are regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25[OH]2D3). Most of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, primarily by paracellular mechanisms that are not sensitive to calcium-regulating hormones in physiologically relevant ways. In the distal tubule, however, calcium is reabsorbed by channels and transporters, the activity or expression of which is highly regulated and increased by PTH and 1α,25(OH)2D3. Recent research suggests that other, heretofore unrecognized factors, such as the osteocyte-specific protein sclerostin, also regulate renal calcium excretion. Clues in this regard have come from the study of humans and mice with inactivating mutations of the sclerostin gene that both have increased skeletal density, which would necessitate an increase in intestinal absorption and/or renal reabsorption of calcium. Deletion of the sclerostin gene in mice significantly diminishes urinary calcium excretion and increases fractional renal calcium reabsorption. This is associated with increased circulating 1α,25(OH)2D3 levels, whereas sclerostin directly suppresses 1α-hydroxylase in immortalized proximal tubular cells. Thus, evidence is accumulating that sclerostin directly or indirectly reduces renal calcium reabsorption, suggesting the presence of a novel calcium-excreting bone-kidney axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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23
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The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, solid stress and other microenvironmental factors in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:41. [PMID: 24883045 PMCID: PMC4038849 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not merely masses of neoplastic cells but complex tissues composed of cellular and noncellular elements. This review provides recent data on the main components of a dynamic system, such as carcinoma associated fibroblasts that change the extracellular matrix (ECM) topology, induce stemness and promote metastasis-initiating cells. Altered production and characteristics of collagen, hyaluronan and other ECM proteins induce increased matrix stiffness. Stiffness along with tumor growth-induced solid stress and increased interstitial fluid pressure contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Second, the role of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines is outlined. We discuss other noncellular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and extracellular pH in relation to neoangiogenesis. Overall, full understanding of the events driving the interactions between tumor cells and their environment is of crucial importance in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcome.
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Resovi A, Pinessi D, Chiorino G, Taraboletti G. Current understanding of the thrombospondin-1 interactome. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:83-91. [PMID: 24476925 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The multifaceted action of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) depends on its ability to physically interact with different ligands, including structural components of the extracellular matrix, other matricellular proteins, cell receptors, growth factors, cytokines and proteases. Through this network, TSP-1 regulates the ligand activity, availability and structure, ultimately tuning the cell response to environmental stimuli in a context-dependent manner, contributing to physiological and pathological processes. Complete mapping of the TSP-1 interactome is needed to understand its diverse functions and to lay the basis for the rational design of TSP-1-based therapeutic approaches. So far, large-scale approaches to identify TSP-1 ligands have been rarely used, but many interactions have been identified in small-scale studies in defined biological systems. This review, based on information from protein interaction databases and the literature, illustrates current knowledge of the TSP-1 interactome map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Resovi
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Denise Pinessi
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Fondo Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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Williams BO. Insights into the mechanisms of sclerostin action in regulating bone mass accrual. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:24-8. [PMID: 24285419 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart O Williams
- Center for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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26
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Chang MK, Kramer I, Keller H, Gooi JH, Collett C, Jenkins D, Ettenberg SA, Cong F, Halleux C, Kneissel M. Reversing LRP5-dependent osteoporosis and SOST deficiency-induced sclerosing bone disorders by altering WNT signaling activity. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:29-42. [PMID: 23901037 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The bone formation inhibitor sclerostin encoded by SOST binds in vitro to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5/6 Wnt co-receptors, thereby inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a central pathway of skeletal homeostasis. Lrp5/LRP5 deficiency results in osteoporosis-pseudoglioma (OPPG), whereas Sost/SOST deficiency induces lifelong bone gain in mice and humans. Here, we analyzed the bone phenotype of mice lacking Sost (Sost(-/-) ), Lrp5 (Lrp5(-/-) ), or both (Sost(-/-) ;Lrp5(-/-) ) to elucidate the mechanism of action of Sost in vivo. Sost deficiency-induced bone gain was significantly blunted in Sost(-/-) ;Lrp5(-/-) mice. Yet the Lrp5 OPPG phenotype was fully rescued in Sost(-/-) ;Lrp5(-/-) mice and most bone parameters were elevated relative to wild-type. To test whether the remaining bone increases in Sost(-/-) ;Lrp5(-/-) animals depend on Lrp6, we treated wild-type, Sost(-/-) , and Sost(-/-) ;Lrp5(-/-) mice with distinct Lrp6 function blocking antibodies. Selective blockage of Wnt1 class-mediated Lrp6 signaling reduced cancellous bone mass and density in wild-type mice. Surprisingly, it reversed the abnormal bone gain in Sost(-/-) and Sost(-/-) ;Lrp5(-/-) mice to wild-type levels irrespective of enhancement or blockage of Wnt3a class-mediated Lrp6 activity. Thus, whereas Sost deficiency-induced bone anabolism partially requires Lrp5, it fully depends on Wnt1 class-induced Lrp6 activity. These findings indicate: first, that OPPG syndrome patients suffering from LRP5 loss-of-function should benefit from principles antagonizing SOST/sclerostin action; and second, that therapeutic WNT signaling inhibitors may stop the debilitating bone overgrowth in sclerosing disorders related to SOST deficiency, such as sclerosteosis, van Buchem disease, and autosomal dominant craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, which are rare disorders without viable treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kang Chang
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Kedlaya R, Veera S, Horan DJ, Moss RE, Ayturk UM, Jacobsen CM, Bowen ME, Paszty C, Warman ML, Robling AG. Sclerostin inhibition reverses skeletal fragility in an Lrp5-deficient mouse model of OPPG syndrome. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:211ra158. [PMID: 24225945 PMCID: PMC3964772 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome (OPPG) is a rare genetic disease that produces debilitating effects in the skeleton. OPPG is caused by mutations in LRP5, a WNT co-receptor that mediates osteoblast activity. WNT signaling through LRP5, and also through the closely related receptor LRP6, is inhibited by the protein sclerostin (SOST). It is unclear whether OPPG patients might benefit from the anabolic action of sclerostin neutralization therapy (an approach currently being pursued in clinical trials for postmenopausal osteoporosis) in light of their LRP5 deficiency and consequent osteoblast impairment. To assess whether loss of sclerostin is anabolic in OPPG, we measured bone properties in a mouse model of OPPG (Lrp5(-/-)), a mouse model of sclerosteosis (Sost(-/-)), and in mice with both genes knocked out (Lrp5(-/-);Sost(-/-)). Lrp5(-/-);Sost(-/-) mice have larger, denser, and stronger bones than do Lrp5(-/-) mice, indicating that SOST deficiency can improve bone properties via pathways that do not require LRP5. Next, we determined whether the anabolic effects of sclerostin depletion in Lrp5(-/-) mice are retained in adult mice by treating 17-week-old Lrp5(-/-) mice with a sclerostin antibody for 3 weeks. Lrp5(+/+) and Lrp5(-/-) mice each exhibited osteoanabolic responses to antibody therapy, as indicated by increased bone mineral density, content, and formation rates. Collectively, our data show that inhibiting sclerostin can improve bone mass whether LRP5 is present or not. In the absence of LRP5, the anabolic effects of SOST depletion can occur via other receptors (such as LRP4/6). Regardless of the mechanism, our results suggest that humans with OPPG might benefit from sclerostin neutralization therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kedlaya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shreya Veera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel J. Horan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rachel E. Moss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ugur M. Ayturk
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina M. Jacobsen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margot E. Bowen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chris Paszty
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Matthew L. Warman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander G. Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Delgado-Calle J, Arozamena J, Pérez-López J, Bolado-Carrancio A, Sañudo C, Agudo G, de la Vega R, Alonso MA, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Riancho JA. Role of BMPs in the regulation of sclerostin as revealed by an epigenetic modifier of human bone cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 369:27-34. [PMID: 23415712 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin, encoded by the SOST gene, is specifically expressed by osteocytes. However osteoblasts bear a heavily methylated SOST promoter and therefore do not express SOST. Thus, studying the regulation of human SOST is challenged by the absence of human osteocytic cell lines. Herein, we explore the feasibility of using the induction of SOST expression in osteoblasts by a demethylating agent to study the mechanisms underlying SOST transcription, and specifically, the influence of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Microarray analysis and quantitative PCR showed that AzadC up-regulated the expression of several BMPs, including BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-6, as well as several BMP downstream targets. Recombinant BMP-2 increased the transcriptional activity of the SOST promoter cloned into a reporter vector. Likewise, exposing cells transfected with the vector to AzadC also resulted in increased transcription. On the other hand, inhibition of the canonical BMP signaling blunted the effect of AzadC on SOST. These results show that the AzadC-induced demethylation of the SOST promoter in human osteoblastic cells may be a valuable tool to study the regulation of SOST expression. As a proof of concept, it allowed us to demonstrate that BMPs stimulate SOST expression by a mechanism involving BMPR1A receptors and downstream Smad-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Delgado-Calle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital UM Valdecilla, IFIMAV, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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29
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Viaene L, Behets GJ, Claes K, Meijers B, Blocki F, Brandenburg V, Evenepoel P, D'Haese PC. Sclerostin: another bone-related protein related to all-cause mortality in haemodialysis? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:3024-30. [PMID: 23605174 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Derangements in bone metabolism and vascular calcification (VC) substantially contribute to the accelerated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Wnt signalling pathway is increasingly recognized to play an important role in bone homeostasis and VC. Circulating levels of the Wnt inhibitor sclerostin are elevated in CKD patients. The present study investigated whether the circulating levels of sclerostin are associated with all-cause mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS We performed a post-hoc survival analysis in 100 prevalent HD patients (68 ± 13 years, 40 male) recruited in 2006 who were prospectively followed for median 637 (8-1000, range) days. Parameters of mineral metabolism including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bsAP) and serum sclerostin were determined in spare blood samples collected at baseline. RESULTS Serum concentrations of serum sclerostin amounted to 110 (82-151) [median (iqr)] pmol/L. Patients with sclerostin levels above median were characterized by older age, higher haemoglobin and creatinine level and lower bsAP concentration. During a median follow-up of 637 days, 31 patients died. Higher circulating sclerostin levels were associated with decreased mortality in prevalent HD patients: unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.51 (0.24-1.06) (P = 0.06); HR adjusted for age and gender for serum sclerostin levels above versus below median was 0.33 (0.15-0.73) (P = 0.006). When bsAP was entered in the Cox regression analysis, it replaced sclerostin in the final model. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that high circulating sclerostin levels are associated with improved survival and suggest that a low bsAP activity may be in the causal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Viaene
- Department of Nephrology, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Drüeke TB, Olgaard K. Report on 2012 ISN Nexus Symposium: ‘Bone and the Kidney’. Kidney Int 2013; 83:557-62. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Sclerostin alters serum vitamin D metabolite and fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations and the urinary excretion of calcium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6199-204. [PMID: 23530237 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221255110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of the SOST (sclerostin) gene are associated with overgrowth and sclerosis of the skeleton. To determine mechanisms by which increased amounts of calcium and phosphorus are accreted to enable enhanced bone mineralization in the absence of sclerostin, we measured concentrations of calciotropic and phosphaturic hormones, and urine and serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus in mice in which the sclerostin (sost) gene was replaced by the β-D-galactosidase (lacZ) gene in the germ line. Knockout (KO) (sost(-/-)) mice had increased bone mineral density and content, increased cortical and trabecular bone thickness, and greater net bone formation as a result of increased osteoblast and decreased osteoclast surfaces compared with wild-type (WT) mice. β-Galactosidase activity was detected in osteocytes of sost KO mice but was undetectable in WT mice. Eight-week-old, male sost KO mice had increased serum 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, decreased 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, decreased intact fibroblast growth factor 23, and elevated inorganic phosphorus concentrations compared with age-matched WT mice. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (cyp27B1) mRNA was increased in kidneys of sost KO mice compared with WT mice. Treatment of cultured proximal tubule cells with mouse recombinant sclerostin decreased cyp27B1 mRNA transcripts. Urinary calcium and renal fractional excretion of calcium were decreased in sost KO mice compared with WT mice. Sost KO and WT mice had similar serum calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations. The data show that sclerostin not only alters bone mineralization, but also influences mineral metabolism by altering concentrations of hormones that regulate mineral accretion.
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Gkotzamanidou M, Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E, Christoulas D, Moulopoulos LA, Terpos E. Sclerostin: a possible target for the management of cancer-induced bone disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:761-9. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.697154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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