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Yoshioka S, Ikeda T, Fukuchi S, Kawai Y, Ohta K, Murakami H, Ogo N, Muraoka D, Takikawa O, Asai A. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Dual Inhibitor of
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221138456. [PMCID: PMC9716449 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221138456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine (Kyn), a metabolite of tryptophan (Trp), is a key regulator of mammal
immune responses such as cancer immune tolerance. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase
(IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are main enzymes regulating the first
and rate-limiting step of the Kyn pathway. To identify new small molecule
inhibitors of TDO, we selected A172 glioblastoma cell line constitutively
expressed TDO. Characterization of this cell line using kinase inhibitor library
resulted in identification of MEK/ERK pathway-dependent TDO expression. After
knowing the properties for TDO expression, we further proceeded to screen
chemical library for TDO inhibitors. We previously determined that
S-benzylisothiourea derivatives are enzymatic inhibitors of indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and suggested that the isothiourea moiety could be an
important pharmacophore for binding to heme. Based on this premise, we screened
an in-house library composed of various isothiourea derivatives and identified a
bisisothiourea derivative, PVZB3001, as an inhibitor of TDO. Interestingly,
PVZB3001 also inhibited the enzymatic activity of IDO1 in both cell-based and
cell-free assays but did not inhibit other heme enzymes. Molecular docking
studies suggested the importance of isothiourea moieties at the ortho position
of the phenyl ring for the inhibition of catalytic activity. PVZB3001 showed
competitive inhibition against TDO, and this was supported by the docking
simulation. PVZB3001 recovered natural killer (NK) cell viability and functions
by inhibiting Kyn accumulation in conditioned medium of both IDO1- and
TDO-expressing cells. Furthermore, oral administration of IDO1-overexpressing
tumor-bearing mice with PVZB3001 significantly inhibited tumor growth. Thus, we
identified a novel selective dual inhibitor of IDO1 and TDO using the Kyn
production assay with a glioblastoma cell line. This inhibitor could be a useful
pharmacological tool for modulating the Kyn pathway in a variety of experimental
systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yoshioka
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ikeda
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sogo Fukuchi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yurika Kawai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ohta
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki
University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Osamu Takikawa
- National Institute for Longevity
Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan,Akira Asai, Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka
422-8526, Japan.
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Zhang S, Guo L, Yang D, Xing Z, Li W, Kuang C, Yang Q. Evaluation and comparison of the commonly used bioassays of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104348. [PMID: 33142415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are potential drugs for the treatment of tumor and neurological diseases. A variety of bioassays have been developed to evaluate IDO1/TDO (IDO1 and/or TDO) inhibitors, with uncertainty regarding how the differences in the assay methods or protocols may influence the assay outcomes. The enzymatic assays of IDO1/TDO are usually performed with NFK assay and Kyn adduct assay while the cellular assays of IDO1 are carried out with Hela assay and HEK293 assay. The present study focused on the comparison of the most common bioassays of IDO1/TDO. In addition, the effects of major factors of bioassays such as reaction time and culture medium on the assay outcomes were evaluated. The study will provide reference for the researchers to select IDO1/TDO inhibitors with bioassays, and promote the development of IDO1/TDO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Weirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Weng T, Qiu X, Wang J, Li Z, Bian J. Recent discovery of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors targeting cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:656-669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jortzik E, Zocher K, Isernhagen A, Mailu BM, Rahlfs S, Viola G, Wittlin S, Hunt NH, Ihmels H, Becker K. Benzo[b]quinolizinium Derivatives Have a Strong Antimalarial Activity and Inhibit Indoleamine Dioxygenase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:115-25. [PMID: 26459907 PMCID: PMC4704160 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01066-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme-containing enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) and IDO-2 catalyze the conversion of the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine. Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and IDO itself are involved in immunity and the pathology of several diseases, having either immunoregulatory or antimicrobial effects. IDO-1 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, which is the most severe and often fatal neurological complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Mouse models are usually used to study the underlying pathophysiology. In this study, we screened a natural compound library against mouse IDO-1 and identified 8-aminobenzo[b]quinolizinium (compound 2c) to be an inhibitor of IDO-1 with potency at nanomolar concentrations (50% inhibitory concentration, 164 nM). Twenty-one structurally modified derivatives of compound 2c were synthesized for structure-activity relationship analyses. The compounds were found to be selective for IDO-1 over IDO-2. We therefore compared the roles of prominent amino acids in the catalytic mechanisms of the two isoenzymes via homology modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetic analyses. Notably, methionine 385 of IDO-2 was identified to interfere with the entrance of l-tryptophan to the active site of the enzyme, which explains the selectivity of the inhibitors. Most interestingly, several benzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives (6 compounds with 50% effective concentration values between 2.1 and 6.7 nM) were found to be highly effective against P. falciparum 3D7 blood stages in cell culture with a mechanism independent of IDO-1 inhibition. We believe that the class of compounds presented here has unique characteristics; it combines the inhibition of mammalian IDO-1 with strong antiparasitic activity, two features that offer potential for drug development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimalarials/chemical synthesis
- Antimalarials/chemistry
- Antimalarials/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Erythrocytes/drug effects
- Erythrocytes/parasitology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/chemistry
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Malaria/drug therapy
- Malaria/parasitology
- Mice
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Plasmodium berghei/drug effects
- Plasmodium berghei/enzymology
- Plasmodium berghei/genetics
- Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects
- Plasmodium falciparum/enzymology
- Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
- Quinolizines/chemical synthesis
- Quinolizines/chemistry
- Quinolizines/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tryptophan/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tryptophan/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jortzik
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kathleen Zocher
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antje Isernhagen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Boniface M Mailu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas H Hunt
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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The Janus-faced nature of IDO1 in infectious diseases: challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Future Med Chem 2015; 8:39-54. [PMID: 26692277 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of IDO1 is a strategy pursued to develop novel therapeutic treatments for cancer. Recent years have witnessed growing evidence that the enzyme plays a pivotal role in viral, bacterial and fungal infections. These studies have underscored the Janus-faced nature of IDO1 in the regulation of host-pathogen interactions and commensalism. Starting with an outlook on the advances in the structural features of IDO1, herein we report recent findings that pinpoint the involvement of IDO1 in infectious diseases. Then, we present an overview of IDO1 inhibitors that have been enrolled in clinical trials as well as other distinct modulators of the enzyme that may enable further investigations of IDO1 and its role in infectious disease.
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Triterpenoids isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Gentiana scabra and their inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2124-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Johnson TS, Munn DH. Host Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: Contribution to Systemic Acquired Tumor Tolerance. Immunol Invest 2012; 41:765-97. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.689405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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