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Thevarajah B, Piyatilleke S, Nimarshana PHV, Koushalya S, Malik A, Ariyadasa TU. Exploring effective light spectral conversion techniques for enhanced production of Spirulina-derived blue pigment protein, c-phycocyanin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130612. [PMID: 38508281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina is a promising feedstock for c-phycocyanin, a blue pigment-protein, commercially incorporated in many food products for its desirable bright blue attributes, exceptional bioavailability, and inherent therapeutic properties. Remarkably, enhancing c-phycocyanin synthesis in Spirulina would facilitate economic viability and sustainability at large-scale production, as the forecasted market value is $ 409.8 million by 2030. Notably, the lighting source plays a key role in enhancing c-phycocyanin in Spirulina, and thus, strategies to filter/concentrate the photons of respective wavelengths, influencing light spectra, are beneficial. Enveloping open raceway ponds and greenhouses by luminescent solar concentrators and light filtering sheets enables solar spectral conversion of the sunlight at desirable wavelengths, emerges as a promising strategy to enhance synthesis of c-phycocyanin in Spirulina. Nevertheless, the conduction of techno-economic assessments and evaluation of scalability at large-scale cultivation of Spirulina are essential for the real-time implementation of lighting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavatharny Thevarajah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Sajani Piyatilleke
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - P H V Nimarshana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - S Koushalya
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Thilini U Ariyadasa
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka.
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Espinoza-Corral R, Iwai M, Zavřel T, Lechno-Yossef S, Sutter M, Červený J, Niyogi KK, Kerfeld CA. Phycobilisome protein ApcG interacts with PSII and regulates energy transfer in Synechocystis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1383-1396. [PMID: 37972281 PMCID: PMC10904348 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms harvest light using pigment-protein complexes. In cyanobacteria, these are water-soluble antennae known as phycobilisomes (PBSs). The light absorbed by PBS is transferred to the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane to drive photosynthesis. The energy transfer between these complexes implies that protein-protein interactions allow the association of PBS with the photosystems. However, the specific proteins involved in the interaction of PBS with the photosystems are not fully characterized. Here, we show in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that the recently discovered PBS linker protein ApcG (sll1873) interacts specifically with PSII through its N-terminal region. Growth of cyanobacteria is impaired in apcG deletion strains under light-limiting conditions. Furthermore, complementation of these strains using a phospho-mimicking version of ApcG causes reduced growth under normal growth conditions. Interestingly, the interaction of ApcG with PSII is affected when a phospho-mimicking version of ApcG is used, targeting the positively charged residues interacting with the thylakoid membrane, suggesting a regulatory role mediated by phosphorylation of ApcG. Low-temperature fluorescence measurements showed decreased PSI fluorescence in apcG deletion and complementation strains. The PSI fluorescence was the lowest in the phospho-mimicking complementation strain, while the pull-down experiment showed no interaction of ApcG with PSI under any tested condition. Our results highlight the importance of ApcG for selectively directing energy harvested by the PBS and imply that the phosphorylation status of ApcG plays a role in regulating energy transfer from PSII to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Drásov 470, CZ-66424 Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Sigal Lechno-Yossef
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Markus Sutter
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Drásov 470, CZ-66424 Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Zhan J, Wang Q. Photoresponse Mechanism in Cyanobacteria: Key Factor in Photoautotrophic Chassis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:75-96. [PMID: 30091092 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the oldest oxygenic photoautotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have outstanding advantages as the chassis cell in the research field of synthetic biology. Cognition of photosynthetic mechanism, including the photoresponse mechanism under high-light (HL) conditions, is important for optimization of the cyanobacteria photoautotrophic chassis for synthesizing biomaterials as "microbial cell factories." Cyanobacteria are well-established model organisms for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis and have evolved various acclimatory responses to HL conditions to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. Here, we reviewed the latest progress in the mechanism of HL acclimation in cyanobacteria. The subsequent acclimatory responses and the corresponding molecular mechanisms are included: (1) acclimatory responses of PSII and PSI; (2) the degradation of phycobilisome; (3) induction of the photoprotective mechanisms such as state transitions, OCP-dependent non-photochemical quenching, and the induction of HLIP family; and (4) the regulation mechanisms of the gene expression under HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Vladkova R. Chlorophyllais the crucial redox sensor and transmembrane signal transmitter in the cytochromeb6fcomplex. Components and mechanisms of state transitions from the hydrophobic mismatch viewpoint. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:824-54. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1056551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Derks A, Schaven K, Bruce D. Diverse mechanisms for photoprotection in photosynthesis. Dynamic regulation of photosystem II excitation in response to rapid environmental change. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:468-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Klatt JM, Al-Najjar MAA, Yilmaz P, Lavik G, de Beer D, Polerecky L. Anoxygenic photosynthesis controls oxygenic photosynthesis in a cyanobacterium from a sulfidic spring. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2025-31. [PMID: 25576611 PMCID: PMC4345360 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03579-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the Earth's complete oxygenation (0.58 to 0.55 billion years [Ga] ago), the photic zone of the Proterozoic oceans was probably redox stratified, with a slightly aerobic, nutrient-limited upper layer above a light-limited layer that tended toward euxinia. In such oceans, cyanobacteria capable of both oxygenic and sulfide-driven anoxygenic photosynthesis played a fundamental role in the global carbon, oxygen, and sulfur cycle. We have isolated a cyanobacterium, Pseudanabaena strain FS39, in which this versatility is still conserved, and we show that the transition between the two photosynthetic modes follows a surprisingly simple kinetic regulation controlled by this organism's affinity for H2S. Specifically, oxygenic photosynthesis is performed in addition to anoxygenic photosynthesis only when H2S becomes limiting and its concentration decreases below a threshold that increases predictably with the available ambient light. The carbon-based growth rates during oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis were similar. However, Pseudanabaena FS39 additionally assimilated NO3 (-) during anoxygenic photosynthesis. Thus, the transition between anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis was accompanied by a shift of the C/N ratio of the total bulk biomass. These mechanisms offer new insights into the way in which, despite nutrient limitation in the oxic photic zone in the mid-Proterozoic oceans, versatile cyanobacteria might have promoted oxygenic photosynthesis and total primary productivity, a key step that enabled the complete oxygenation of our planet and the subsequent diversification of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Klatt
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mohammad A A Al-Najjar
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany Red Sea Research Center, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pelin Yilmaz
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gaute Lavik
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lubos Polerecky
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhao W, Xie J, Xu X, Zhao J. State transitions and fluorescence quenching in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 in response to changes in light quality and intensity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 142:169-77. [PMID: 25543550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
State transition and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in cyanobacteria are short-term adaptations of photosynthetic apparatus to changes in light quality and intensity, however, the kinetic details and relationship are still not clear. In this work, time-dependent 77K fluorescence spectra were monitored for cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells under blue, orange and blue-green light in a series of intensities. The characteristic fluorescence signals indicated state transition taking place exclusively under 430-450 or 580-600nm light or 480-550nm light at the intensities ⩽150μEm(-2)s(-1) to achieve a conserved level with variable rate constant. Under 480-500nm or 530-550nm light at the intensities ⩾160μEm(-2)s(-1), state transition took place at first but stopped as soon as the fluorescence quenching appeared. The dependence of appearance, induction period, level and rate constant for the quenching on light intensity suggests that a critical concentration of photo-activated OCPs is necessary and may be achieved by a dynamic equilibrium between the activation and deactivation under light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Xiuling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jingquan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, P.O. Box 101, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, 1st North Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Kinetics of blue-green light-induced state transition and fluorescence quenching in the wild-type cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 and apcD − and apcF − mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mechanisms Modulating Energy Arriving at Reaction Centers in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9032-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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