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Ueda A, Berg A, Khan T, Ruzicka M, Li S, Cramer E, Iyengar A, Wu CF. Intense light unleashes male-male courtship behaviour in wild-type Drosophila. Open Biol 2023; 13:220233. [PMID: 37463658 PMCID: PMC10353890 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila courtship studies have elucidated several principles of the neurogenetic organization of complex behaviour. Through an integration across sensory modalities, males perform stereotypic patterns of chasing, courtship song production and copulation attempts. Here we report a serendipitous finding that intense light not only enhances courtship toward female targets but also triggers unexpected courtship behaviours among male flies. Strikingly, in wild-type male-only chambers, we observed extreme behavioural manifestations, such as 'chaining' and 'wheeling', resembling previously reported male-male courtship behaviours in fruitless mutants and in transformants with ectopic mini-white+ overexpression. This male-male courtship was greatly diminished in a variety of visual system mutants, including disrupted phototransduction (norpA), eliminated eye-colour screening pigments (white), or deletion of the R7 photoreceptor cells (sevenless). However, light-induced courtship was unhampered in wing-cut flies, despite their inability to produce courtship song, a major acoustic signal during courtship. Unexpectedly the olfactory mutants orco and sbl displayed unrestrained male-male courtship. Particularly, orco males attained maximum courtship scores under either dim or intense light conditions. Together, our observations support the notion that the innate male courtship behaviour is restrained by olfactory cues under normal conditions but can be unleashed by strong visual stimulation in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ueda
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Abigayle Berg
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tashmit Khan
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Shuwen Li
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ellyn Cramer
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Atulya Iyengar
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Chun-Fang Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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2
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Love CR, Gautam S, Lama C, Le NH, Dauwalder B. The Drosophila dopamine 2-like receptor D2R (Dop2R) is required in the blood brain barrier for male courtship. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12836. [PMID: 36636829 PMCID: PMC9994173 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) has the essential function to protect the brain from potentially hazardous molecules while also enabling controlled selective uptake. How these processes and signaling inside BBB cells control neuronal function is an intense area of interest. Signaling in the adult Drosophila BBB is required for normal male courtship behavior and relies on male-specific molecules in the BBB. Here we show that the dopamine receptor D2R is expressed in the BBB and is required in mature males for normal mating behavior. Conditional adult male knockdown of D2R in BBB cells causes courtship defects. The courtship defects observed in genetic D2R mutants can be rescued by expression of normal D2R specifically in the BBB of adult males. Drosophila BBB cells are glial cells. Our findings thus identify a specific glial function for the DR2 receptor and dopamine signaling in the regulation of a complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R Love
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sumit Gautam
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chamala Lama
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nhu Hoa Le
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brigitte Dauwalder
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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3
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Li H, Fernández-Guasti A, Xu Y, Swaab D. Retracted: Sexual orientation, neuropsychiatric disorders and the neurotransmitters involved. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:479-488. [PMID: 34597715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief of Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews after concerns were raised with respect to the phrasing of comparisons drawn between humans and animal models. These comparisons were deemed unsupportable, and thus in the best interests of publication standards the Editor has concluded it is necessary to retract the paper. The authors disagree with the reason for the retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, PR China.
| | - Dick Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands.
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Gao T, Yin Z, Wang M, Fang Z, Zhong X, Li J, Hu Y, Wu D, Jiang K, Xu X. The effects of pubertal exposure to bisphenol-A on social behavior in male mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125494. [PMID: 31812767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a crucial developmental period for structural modifications of brain and activation of the neural circuits underlying sex differences in social behavior. It is possible that pubertal exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA), a common EED with a weak estrogenic activity, influences social behavior. After being exposed to BPA at 0.04, 0.4, 4 mg kg-1 for 18 days, the 7-week-old male mice were tested with social play and three-chamber. The results showed that pubertal BPA exposure decreased social play between adolescent males and sociability of adolescent males. Further, pubertal BPA exposure reduced sociability and inhibited social novel preferences of adult males. BPA inhibited social interactions with opposite sex but improved socio-sexual exploration and the low-intensity mating behavior (mounting) with same sex in adult males. In residential-intruder test, BPA-exposed adult males showed a decrease in aggressiveness and an enhancement in prosocial behavior with intruder. Western blot analysis showed that BPA (especially at 4 mg/kg/d) down-regulated the levels of AR in the amygdala and the striatum but up-regulated the levels of DR1 and DAT proteins in the striatum of adult males. BPA at 4 mg kg-1 decreased the levels of T in the serum and the brain. These results suggest that pubertal BPA exposure affects social play and sociability of adolescent males and even results in long-term effects on social behavior of adult males. BPA-induced down-regulations of the levels of AR in the amygdala and the striatum and up-regulation of the levels of DR1 and DAT in the striatum may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Gao
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Zhangxin Yin
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Muye Wang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Zhaoqing Fang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhong
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Jishui Li
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Yizhong Hu
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Donghong Wu
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Kesheng Jiang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Chemistry and Life Sciences College, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Biotechnology and Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology, Zhejiang Normal University, PR China.
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Suppression of GABAergic neurons through D2-like receptor secures efficient conditioning in Drosophila aversive olfactory learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5118-5125. [PMID: 30796183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812342116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The GABAergic system serves as a vital negative modulator in cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, while the mechanisms governing this inhibitory system remain to be elucidated. In Drosophila, the GABAergic anterior paired lateral (APL) neurons mediate a negative feedback essential for odor discrimination; however, their activity is suppressed by learning via unknown mechanisms. In aversive olfactory learning, a group of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is activated on electric shock (ES) and modulates the Kenyon cells (KCs) in the mushroom body, the center of olfactory learning. Here we find that the same group of DA neurons also form functional synaptic connections with the APL neurons, thereby emitting a suppressive signal to the latter through Drosophila dopamine 2-like receptor (DD2R). Knockdown of either DD2R or its downstream molecules in the APL neurons results in impaired olfactory learning at the behavioral level. Results obtained from in vivo functional imaging experiments indicate that this DD2R-dependent DA-to-APL suppression occurs during odor-ES conditioning and discharges the GABAergic inhibition on the KCs specific to the conditioned odor. Moreover, the decrease in odor response of the APL neurons persists to the postconditioning phase, and this change is also absent in DD2R knockdown flies. Taken together, our findings show that DA-to-GABA suppression is essential for restraining the GABAergic inhibition during conditioning, as well as for inducing synaptic modification in this learning circuit. Such circuit mechanisms may play conserved roles in associative learning across species.
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Gassias E, Durand N, Demondion E, Bourgeois T, Aguilar P, Bozzolan F, Debernard S. A critical role for Dop1-mediated dopaminergic signaling in the plasticity of behavioral and neuronal responses to sex pheromone in a moth. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.211979. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.211979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most animal species, including insects, are able to modulate their responses to sexual chemosignals and this flexibility originates from the remodeling of olfactory areas under the influence of dopaminergic system. In the moth Agrotis ipsilon, the behavioral response of males to the female-emitted sex pheromone increases throughout adult life and after a prior exposure to pheromone signal and this change is accompanied by an increase in neuronal sensitivity within the primary olfactory centers, the antennal lobes (ALs). To identify the underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms, we examined whether this age- and experience-dependent olfactory plasticity is mediated by dopamine (DA) through the Dop1 receptor, an ortholog of the vertebrate D1-type dopamine receptors, which is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. We cloned A. ipsilon Dop1 (AiDop1) which is expressed predominantly in brain and especially in ALs and its knockdown induced decreased AL cAMP amounts and altered sex pheromone-orientated flight. The levels of DA, AiDop1 expression and cAMP in ALs increased from the third day of adult life and at 24h and 48h following pre-exposure to sex pheromone and the dynamic of these changes correlated with the increased responsiveness to sex pheromone. These results demonstrate that Dop1 is required for the display of male sexual behavior and that age- and experience-related neuronal and behavioral changes are sustained by DA-Dop1 signaling that operates within ALs probably through cAMP-dependent mechanisms in A. ipsilon. Thus, this study expands our understanding of the neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying olfactory plasticity, mechanisms that appear to be highly conserved between insects and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo Gassias
- Institute of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Durand
- FRE CNRS 3498, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, Université de Picardie, Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Elodie Demondion
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeois
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Paleo Aguilar
- Institute of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Debernard
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Qin JB, Zhao GL, Wang F, Cai YM, Lan LN, Yang L, Feng TJ. Childhood Abuse Experiences and the COMT and MTHFR Genetic Variants Associated With Male Sexual Orientation in the Han Chinese Populations: A Case-Control Study. J Sex Med 2018; 15:29-42. [PMID: 29289372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is widely acknowledged that genetic and environmental factors are involved in the development of male homosexuality, the causes are not fully understood. AIM To explore the association and interaction of childhood abuse experiences and genetic variants of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes with the development of male homosexuality. METHODS A case-control study of 537 exclusively homosexual men and 583 exclusively heterosexual men was conducted, with data collected from March 2013 to August 2015. Data were analyzed using χ2 tests and logistic regression models. OUTCOMES Sociodemographic characteristics, childhood abuse experiences, and polymorphisms of COMT at rs4680, rs4818, and rs6267 and MTHFR at rs1801133. RESULTS More frequent occurrence of physical (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78), emotional (aOR = 2.07), and sexual (aOR = 2.53) abuse during childhood was significantly associated with the development of male homosexuality. The polymorphisms of MTHFR at rs1801133 and COMT at rs4818 also were significantly associated with the development of male homosexuality in the homozygote comparisons (T/T vs C/C at rs1801133, aOR = 1.68; G/G vs C/C at rs4818, aOR = 1.75). In addition, significant interaction effects between childhood abuse experiences and the COMT and MTHFR genetic variants on the development of male homosexuality were found. CLINICAL TRANSLATION This is the first time that an association of childhood abuse, COMT and MTHFR genetic variants, and their interactions with development of male homosexuality was exhaustively explored, which could help provide new insight into the etiology of male homosexuality. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Because homosexual men are a relatively obscure population, it was impossible to select the study participants by random sampling, which could lead to selection bias. In addition, because this was a case-control study, recall bias was inevitable, and we could not verify causality. CONCLUSIONS Childhood abuse and the COMT and MTHFR genetic variants could be positively associated with the development of homosexuality. However, it remains unknown how these factors jointly play a role in the development of homosexuality, and more studies in different ethnic populations and with a larger sample and a prospective design are required to confirm our findings. Qin J-B, Zhao G-L, Wang F, et al. Childhood Abuse Experiences and the COMT and MTHFR Genetic Variants Associated With Male Sexual Orientation in the Han Chinese Populations: A Case-Control Study. J Sex Med 2018;15:29-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Lu Zhao
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Mao Cai
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Na Lan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tie-Jian Feng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Xia RY, Li MQ, Wu YS, Qi YX, Ye GY, Huang J. A new family of insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:362-369. [PMID: 27003873 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most currently used insecticides are neurotoxic chemicals that target a limited number of sites and insect cholinergic neurotransmission is the major target. A potential target for insecticide development is the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), which is a metabotropic G-protein-coupled receptor. Insects have A- and B-type mAChRs and the five mammalian mAChRs are close to the A-type. We isolated a cDNA (CG12796) from the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. After heterologous expression in Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells, CG12796 could be activated by acetylcholine [EC50 (half maximal effective concentration), 73 nM] and the mAChR agonist oxotremorine M (EC50 , 48.2 nM) to increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Thus, the new mAChR is coupled to Gq/11 but not Gs and Gi/o . The classical mAChR antagonists atropine and scopolamine N-butylbromide at 100 μM completely blocked the acetylcholine-induced responses. The orthologues of CG12796 can also be found in the genomes of other insects, but not in the genomes of the honeybee or parasitoid wasps. Knockdown of CG12796 in the central nervous system had no effect on male courtship behaviours. We suggest that CG12796 represents the first recognized member of a novel mAChR class.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-Y Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M-Q Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-S Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y-X Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G-Y Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Pitmon E, Stephens G, Parkhurst SJ, Wolf FW, Kehne G, Taylor M, Lebestky T. The D1 family dopamine receptor, DopR, potentiates hind leg grooming behavior in Drosophila. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:327-34. [PMID: 26749475 PMCID: PMC5021212 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila groom away debris and pathogens from the body using their legs in a stereotyped sequence of innate motor behaviors. Here, we investigated one aspect of the grooming repertoire by characterizing the D1 family dopamine receptor, DopR. Removal of DopR results in decreased hind leg grooming, as substantiated by quantitation of dye remaining on mutant and RNAi animals vs. controls and direct scoring of behavioral events. These data are also supported by pharmacological results that D1 receptor agonists fail to potentiate grooming behaviors in headless DopR flies. DopR protein is broadly expressed in the neuropil of the thoracic ganglion and overlaps with TH‐positive dopaminergic neurons. Broad neuronal expression of dopamine receptor in mutant animals restored normal grooming behaviors. These data provide evidence for the role of DopR in potentiating hind leg grooming behaviors in the thoracic ganglion of adult Drosophila. This is a remarkable juxtaposition to the considerable role of D1 family dopamine receptors in rodent grooming, and future investigations of evolutionary relationships of circuitry may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pitmon
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA
| | - G Stephens
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA
| | - S J Parkhurst
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA
| | - F W Wolf
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA
| | - G Kehne
- Bronfmann Science Center, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
| | - M Taylor
- Bronfmann Science Center, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
| | - T Lebestky
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA
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10
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Yu W, Tu D, Hong F, Wang J, Liu X, Cai Y, Xu R, Zhao G, Wang F, Pan H, Wu S, Feng T, Wang B. Analysis of the Association between Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase Val158Met and Male Sexual Orientation. J Sex Med 2015; 12:1920-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Yamamoto S, Seto ES. Dopamine dynamics and signaling in Drosophila: an overview of genes, drugs and behavioral paradigms. Exp Anim 2014; 63:107-19. [PMID: 24770636 PMCID: PMC4160991 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in dopamine (DA) signaling have been implicated in a number of human neurologic
and psychiatric disorders. Similarly, defects in DA signaling in the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster, have also been associated with several
behavioral defects. As most genes involved in DA synthesis, transport, secretion, and
signaling are conserved between species, Drosophila is a powerful genetic
model organism to study the regulation of DA signaling in vivo. In this
review, we will provide an overview of the genes and drugs that regulate DA biology in
Drosophila. Furthermore, we will discuss the behavioral paradigms that
are regulated by DA signaling in flies. By analyzing the genes and neuronal circuits that
govern such behaviors using sophisticated genetic, pharmacologic, electrophysiologic, and
imaging approaches in Drosophila, we will likely gain a better
understanding about how this neuromodulator regulates motor tasks and cognition in
humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston,TX77030, USA
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12
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Bates KE, Molnar J, Robinow S. The unfulfilled gene and nervous system development in Drosophila. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:217-23. [PMID: 24953188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unfulfilled gene of Drosophila encodes a member of the NR2E subfamily of nuclear receptors. Like related members of the NR2E subfamily, UNFULFILLED is anticipated to function as a dimer, binding to DNA response elements and regulating the expression of target genes. The UNFULFILLED protein may be regulated by ligand-binding and may also be post-transcriptionally modified by sumoylation and phosphorylation. unfulfilled mutants display a range of aberrant phenotypes, problems with eclosion and post-eclosion behaviors, compromised fertility, arrhythmicity, and a lack of all adult mushroom body lobes. The locus of the fertility problem has not been determined. The behavioral arrhythmicity is due to the unfulfilled-dependent disruption of gene expression in a set of pacemaker neurons. The eclosion and the mushroom body lobe phenotypes of unfulfilled mutants are the result of developmental problems associated with failures in axon pathfinding or re-extension. Interest in genes that act downstream of unfulfilled has resulted in the identification of a growing number of unfulfilled interacting loci, providing the first glimpse into the composition of unfulfilled-dependent gene networks. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear receptors in animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Janos Molnar
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Steven Robinow
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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13
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unfulfilled interacting genes display branch-specific roles in the development of mushroom body axons in Drosophila melanogaster. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:693-706. [PMID: 24558265 PMCID: PMC4577660 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.009829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mushroom body (MB) of Drosophila melanogaster is an organized collection of interneurons that is required for learning and memory. Each of the three subtypes of MB neurons, γ, α´/β´, and α/β, branch at some point during their development, providing an excellent model in which to study the genetic regulation of axon branching. Given the sequential birth order and the unique patterning of MB neurons, it is likely that specific gene cascades are required for the different guidance events that form the characteristic lobes of the MB. The nuclear receptor UNFULFILLED (UNF), a transcription factor, is required for the differentiation of all MB neurons. We have developed and used a classical genetic suppressor screen that takes advantage of the fact that ectopic expression of unf causes lethality to identify candidate genes that act downstream of UNF. We hypothesized that reducing the copy number of unf-interacting genes will suppress the unf-induced lethality. We have identified 19 candidate genes that when mutated suppress the unf-induced lethality. To test whether candidate genes impact MB development, we performed a secondary phenotypic screen in which the morphologies of the MBs in animals heterozygous for unf and a specific candidate gene were analyzed. Medial MB lobes were thin, missing, or misguided dorsally in five double heterozygote combinations (;unf/+;axin/+, unf/+;Fps85D/+, ;unf/+;Tsc1/+, ;unf/+;Rheb/+, ;unf/+;msn/+). Dorsal MB lobes were missing in ;unf/+;DopR2/+ or misprojecting beyond the termination point in ;unf/+;Sytβ double heterozygotes. These data suggest that unf and unf-interacting genes play specific roles in axon development in a branch-specific manner.
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Mclaughlin T, Oscar-Berman M, Simpatico T, Giordano J, Jones S, Barh D, Downs WB, Waite RL, Madigan M, Dushaj K, Lohmann R, Braverman ER, Han D, Blum K. Hypothesizing repetitive paraphilia behavior of a medication refractive Tourette's syndrome patient having rapid clinical attenuation with KB220Z-nutrigenomic amino-acid therapy (NAAT). J Behav Addict 2013; 2:117-24. [PMID: 26165932 DOI: 10.1556/jba.2.2013.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Many patients presenting multiple behaviors including drug and food abuse as well as other pathological repetitive unwanted activities such as gambling, self-mutilation and paraphilias may not be appropriately diagnosed. Here we present a case of a male presenting many of these seemingly diverse behaviors and finally diagnosed with reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) by his attending physician. Methods The use of the dopamine agonist, ropinirole after two weeks showed improvement in terms of sexual behavior but tolerance set in and was discontinued especially when an infraction occurred with the patient's insurance. In this article, we carefully explore the potential of ropinirole to downregulate dopamine receptors causing adenylate cyclase receptor supersensitivity and tolerance a feature of neurotransmitter cross-talk. Based on previous scientific evidence showing KB220Znutrigenomic amino-acid therapy (NAAT) to rapidly (post one-hour) activate dopaminergic pathways in both the pre-frontal cortex cingulate gyrus (relapse loci) and ventral tegmental area-caudate-accumbens-putamen (craving and emotion loci) the patient was prescribed NAAT. Results and discussion Within one week of utilization the repetitive paraphilia was eliminated. There were also a number of other positive effects such as enhanced focus that persisted even after the patient stopped using KB220Z suggesting neuroplasticity (e.g. altruistic thoughts). However, these observed profound benefits require more in-depth study, especially in a large cohort against a placebo. While this report focused on a rapid response rather than long-term benefits previously associated with NAAT, it is somewhat encouraging and longer term required follow-up and larger placebo controlled studies are warranted before any definitive conclusions could be gleaned from this case report.
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