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Mercurio I, D’Abrosca G, della Valle M, Malgieri G, Fattorusso R, Isernia C, Russo L, Di Gaetano S, Pedone EM, Pirone L, Del Gatto A, Zaccaro L, Alberga D, Saviano M, Mangiatordi GF. Molecular interactions between a diphenyl scaffold and PED/PEA15: Implications for type II diabetes therapeutics targeting PED/PEA15 - Phospholipase D1 interaction. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2001-2010. [PMID: 38770160 PMCID: PMC11103223 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, we have identified BPH03 as a promising scaffold for the development of compounds aimed at modulating the interaction between PED/PEA15 (Phosphoprotein Enriched in Diabetes/Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15) and PLD1 (phospholipase D1), with potential applications in type II diabetes therapy. PED/PEA15 is known to be overexpressed in certain forms of diabetes, where it binds to PLD1, thereby reducing insulin-stimulated glucose transport. The inhibition of this interaction reestablishes basal glucose transport, indicating PED as a potential target of ligands capable to recover glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In this study, we employ computational methods to provide a detailed description of BPH03 interaction with PED, evidencing the presence of a hidden druggable pocket within its PLD1 binding surface. We also elucidate the conformational changes that occur during PED interaction with BPH03. Moreover, we report new NMR data supporting the in-silico findings and indicating that BPH03 disrupts the PED/PLD1 interface displacing PLD1 from its interaction with PED. Our study represents a significant advancement toward the development of potential therapeutics for the treatment of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mercurio
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianluca D’Abrosca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria della Valle
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gaetano Malgieri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Carla Isernia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Maria Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Del Gatto
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Alberga
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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Ikedife J, He J, Wei Y. PEA-15 engages in allosteric interactions using a common scaffold in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:116. [PMID: 34997083 PMCID: PMC8742051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 kDa (PEA-15) is a death-effector domain (DED) containing protein involved in regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase and apoptosis pathways. In this molecular dynamics study, we examined how phosphorylation of the PEA-15 C-terminal tail residues, Ser-104 and Ser-116, allosterically mediates conformational changes of the DED and alters the binding specificity from extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) to Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein. We delineated that the binding interfaces between the unphosphorylated PEA-15 and ERK2 and between the doubly phosphorylated PEA-15 and FADD are similarly composed of a scaffold that includes both the DED and the C-terminal tail residues of PEA-15. While the unphosphorylated serine residues do not directly interact with ERK2, the phosphorylated Ser-116 engages in strong electrostatic interactions with arginine residues on FADD DED. Upon PEA-15 binding, FADD repositions its death domain (DD) relative to the DED, an essential conformational change to allow the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Ikedife
- Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ, 07305, USA
| | - Jianlin He
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yufeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ, 07305, USA.
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Farina B, Pirone L, D’Abrosca G, Della Valle M, Russo L, Isernia C, Sassano M, Del Gatto A, Di Gaetano S, Zaccaro L, Malgieri G, Pedone EM, Fattorusso R. Screening a Molecular Fragment Library to Modulate the PED/PEA15-Phospholipase D1 Interaction in Cellular Lysate Environments. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2798-2807. [PMID: 34825823 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of PED/PEA15, the phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in the astrocytes 15 protein (here referred simply to as PED), observed in some forms of type II diabetes, reduces the transport of insulin-stimulated glucose by binding to the phospholipase D1 (PLD1). The inhibition of the PED/PLD1 interaction was shown to restore basal glucose transport, indicating PED as a pharmacological target for the development of drugs capable of improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. We here report the identification and selection of PED ligands by means of NMR screening of a library of small organic molecules, NMR characterization of the PED/PLD1 interaction in lysates of cells expressing PLD1, and modulation of such interactions using BPH03, the best selected ligand. Overall, we complement the available literature data by providing detailed information on the structural determinants of the PED/PLD1 interaction in a cellular lysate environment and indicate BPH03 as a precious scaffold for the development of novel compounds that are able to modulate such interactions with possible therapeutic applications in type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Farina
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca D’Abrosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania─L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Della Valle
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania─L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania─L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Carla Isernia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania─L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marica Sassano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania─L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Annarita Del Gatto
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Malgieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania─L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emilia M. Pedone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania─L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Jäckle K, Zeis T, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Junker A, van der Meer F, Kramann N, Stadelmann C, Brück W. Molecular signature of slowly expanding lesions in progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2020; 143:2073-2088. [PMID: 32577755 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS that leads to demyelinated lesions in the grey and white matter. Inflammatory, active demyelinating white matter lesions predominate in the relapsing-remitting disease stages, whereas in the progressive stage the so-called slowly expanding lesion is characteristic. These lesions show an accumulation of macrophages/microglia at their borders, mediating the ongoing myelin breakdown and axonal degeneration. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms of lesion progression in chronic multiple sclerosis are still not clear. In the present study, we performed a detailed immunological and molecular profiling of slowly expanding lesions (n = 21) from 13 patients aged between 30 to 74 years (five females and eight males), focusing on macrophage/microglia differentiation. By applying the microglia-specific marker TMEM119, we demonstrate that cells accumulating at the lesion edge almost exclusively belonged to the microglia lineage. Macrophages/microglia can be subdivided into the M1 type, which are associated with inflammatory and degenerative processes, and M2 type, with protective properties, whereby also intermediate polarization phenotypes can be observed. By using a panel of markers characterizing M1- or M2-type macrophages/microglia, we observed a preferential accumulation of M1-type differentiated cells at the lesion edge, indicating a crucial role of these cells in lesion progression. Additionally, unbiased RNA microarray analyses of macrodissected lesion edges from slowly expanding and chronic inactive lesions as well as normal-appearing white matter were performed. In slowly expanding lesions, we identified a total of 165 genes that were upregulated and 35 genes that were downregulated. The upregulated genes included macrophage/microglia-associated genes involved in immune defence and inflammatory processes. Among the upregulated genes were ALOX15B, MME and TNFRSF25. We confirmed increased expression of ALOX15B by quantitative PCR, and of all three genes on the protein level by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, the present study characterized in detail slowly expanding lesions in progressive multiple sclerosis and demonstrated a preferential accumulation of resident microglia with M1 differentiation at the lesion edge. Microarray analysis showed an increased expression of genes related to immune function, metabolic processes as well as transcription/translation. Thus, these genes may serve as future therapeutic targets to impede lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jäckle
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeis
- Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Neurobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Junker
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Kramann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Crespo-Flores SL, Cabezas A, Hassan S, Wei Y. PEA-15 C-Terminal Tail Allosterically Modulates Death-Effector Domain Conformation and Facilitates Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133335. [PMID: 31284641 PMCID: PMC6651876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 kDa (PEA-15) exerts its regulatory roles on several critical cellular pathways through protein–protein interactions depending on its phosphorylation states. It can either inhibit the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities when it is dephosphorylated or block the assembly of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and the subsequent activation of apoptotic initiator, caspase-8, when it is phosphorylated. Due to the important roles of PEA-15 in regulating these pathways that lead to opposite cellular outcomes (cell proliferation vs. cell death), we proposed a phosphostasis (phosphorylation homeostasis) model, in which the phosphorylation states of the protein are vigorously controlled and regulated to maintain a delicate balance. The phosphostasis gives rise to the protective cellular functions of PEA-15 to preserve optimum cellular conditions. In this article, using advanced multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques combined with a novel chemical shift (CS)-Rosetta algorithm for de novo protein structural determination, we report a novel conformation of PEA-15 death-effector domain (DED) upon interacting with ERK2. This new conformation is modulated by the irregularly structured C-terminal tail when it first recognizes and binds to ERK2 at the d-peptide recruitment site (DRS) in an allosteric manner, and is facilitated by the rearrangement of the surface electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions on the DED. In this ERK2-bound conformation, three of the six helices (α2, α3, and α4) comprising the DED reorient substantially in comparison to the free-form structure, exposing key residues on the other three helices that directly interact with ERK2 at the DEF-docking site (docking site for ERK, FxF) and the activation loop. Additionally, we provide evidence that the phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail leads to a distinct conformation of DED, allowing efficient interactions with Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein at the DISC. Our results substantiate the allosteric regulatory roles of the C-terminal tail in modulating DED conformation and facilitating protein–protein interactions of PEA-15.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andres Cabezas
- Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305-1596, USA
| | - Sherouk Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305-1596, USA
| | - Yufeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305-1596, USA.
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6
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DED or alive: assembly and regulation of the death effector domain complexes. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1866. [PMID: 26313917 PMCID: PMC4558505 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Death effector domains (DEDs) are protein–protein interaction domains initially identified in proteins such as FADD, FLIP and caspase-8 involved in regulating apoptosis. Subsequently, these proteins have been shown to have important roles in regulating other forms of cell death, including necroptosis, and in regulating other important cellular processes, including autophagy and inflammation. Moreover, these proteins also have prominent roles in innate and adaptive immunity and during embryonic development. In this article, we review the various roles of DED-containing proteins and discuss recent developments in our understanding of DED complex formation and regulation. We also briefly discuss opportunities to therapeutically target DED complex formation in diseases such as cancer.
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On the Quest of Cellular Functions of PEA-15 and the Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:455-73. [PMID: 26263999 PMCID: PMC4588177 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 KDa (PEA-15), a ubiquitously expressed small protein in all mammals, is known for decades for its potent interactions with various protein partners along distinct biological pathways. Most notable interacting partners of PEA-15 include extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein involving in the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), and the phospholipase D1 (PLD1) affecting the insulin sensitivity. However, the actual cellular functions of PEA-15 are still mysterious, and the question why this protein is expressed in almost all cell and tissue types remains unanswered. Here we synthesize the most recent structural, biological, and clinical studies on PEA-15 with emphases on its anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammative properties, and propose a converged protective role of PEA-15 that maintains the balance of death and survival in different cell types. Under conditions that this delicate balance is unsustainable, PEA-15 may become pathological and lead to various diseases, including cancers and diabetes. Targeting PEA-15 interactions, or the use of PEA-15 protein as therapeutics, may provide a wider window of opportunities to treat these diseases.
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Lo YC, Lin SC, Yang CY, Tung JY. Tandem DEDs and CARDs suggest novel mechanisms of signaling complex assembly. Apoptosis 2014; 20:124-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Greig FH, Nixon GF. Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA)-15: a potential therapeutic target in multiple disease states. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:265-74. [PMID: 24657708 PMCID: PMC4127788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15 (PEA-15) is a cytoplasmic protein that sits at an important junction in intracellular signalling and can regulate diverse cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis, dependent upon stimulation. Regulation of these processes occurs by virtue of the unique interaction of PEA-15 with other signalling proteins. PEA-15 acts as a cytoplasmic tether for the mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) preventing nuclear localisation. In order to release ERK1/2, PEA-15 requires to be phosphorylated via several potential pathways. PEA-15 (and its phosphorylation state) therefore regulates many ERK1/2-dependent processes, including proliferation, via regulating ERK1/2 nuclear translocation. In addition, PEA-15 contains a death effector domain (DED) which allows interaction with other DED-containing proteins. PEA-15 can bind the DED-containing apoptotic adaptor molecule, Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) which is also dependent on the phosphorylation status of PEA-15. PEA-15 binding of FADD can inhibit apoptosis as bound FADD cannot participate in the assembly of apoptotic signalling complexes. Through these protein–protein interactions, PEA-15-regulated cellular effects have now been investigated in a number of disease-related studies. Changes in PEA-15 expression and regulation have been observed in diabetes mellitus, cancer, neurological disorders and the cardiovascular system. These changes have been suggested to contribute to the pathology related to each of these disease states. As such, new therapeutic targets based around PEA-15 and its associated interactions are now being uncovered and could provide novel avenues for treatment strategies in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Greig
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Twomey EC, Cordasco DF, Kozuch SD, Wei Y. Substantial conformational change mediated by charge-triad residues of the death effector domain in protein-protein interactions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83421. [PMID: 24391764 PMCID: PMC3877032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein conformational changes are commonly associated with the formation of protein complexes. The non-catalytic death effector domains (DEDs) mediate protein-protein interactions in a variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation and migration, and glucose metabolism. Here, using NMR residual dipolar coupling (RDC) data, we report a conformational change in the DED of the phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 kDa (PEA-15) protein in the complex with a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), which is essential in regulating ERK2 cellular distribution and function in cell proliferation and migration. The most significant conformational change in PEA-15 happens at helices α2, α3, and α4, which also possess the highest flexibility among the six-helix bundle of the DED. This crucial conformational change is modulated by the D/E-RxDL charge-triad motif, one of the prominent structural features of DEDs, together with a number of other electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions on the protein surface. Charge-triad motif promotes the optimal orientation of key residues and expands the binding interface to accommodate protein-protein interactions. However, the charge-triad residues are not directly involved in the binding interface between PEA-15 and ERK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Twomey
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dana F. Cordasco
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yufeng Wei
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Farina B, Doti N, Pirone L, Malgieri G, Pedone EM, Ruvo M, Fattorusso R. Molecular basis of the PED/PEA15 interaction with the C-terminal fragment of phospholipase D1 revealed by NMR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1572-80. [PMID: 23608947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PED/PEA15 is a small protein involved in many protein-protein interactions that modulates the function of a number of key cellular effectors involved in major cell functions, including apoptosis, proliferation and glucose metabolism. In particular, PED/PEA15 interacts with the phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms 1 and 2 increasing protein kinase C-α isoform activity and affects both insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The C-terminal portion (residues 712-1074) of PLD1, named D4, is still able to interact with PED/PEA15. In this study we characterized, by means of NMR spectroscopy, the molecular interaction of PED/PEA15 with D4α, a smaller region of D4, encompassing residues 712-818, shown to have the same affinity for PED/PEA15 and to induce the same effects as D4 in PED/PEA15-overexpressing cells. Chemical shift perturbation (CSP) studies allowed to define D4α binding site of PED/PEA15 and to identify a smaller region likely affected by an allosteric effect. Moreover, ELISA-like experiments showed that three 20-mer overlapping synthetic peptides, covering the 762-801 region of D4α, strongly inhibit PED/PEA15-D4α interaction through their binding to PED/PEA15 with KDs in low micromolar range. Finally, molecular details of the interaction of PED/PEA15 with one of the three peptides have been revealed by CSP and saturation transfer difference (STD) analyses.
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