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Alvarez-Artime A, Garcia-Soler B, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Fernandez-Vega S, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Hevia D, Mayo JC, Sainz RM. Castration promotes the browning of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:267. [PMID: 37770940 PMCID: PMC10536697 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue has gained attention due to its potential paracrine role. Periprostatic adipose tissue surrounds the prostate and the prostatic urethra, and it is an essential player in prostate cancer progression. Since obesity is directly related to human tumor progression, and adipose tissue depots are one of the significant components of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mediators of the communication between adipocytes and epithelial cells are in the spotlight. Although periprostatic white adipose tissue contributes to prostate cancer progression, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which has beneficial effects in metabolic pathologies, has been scarcely investigated concerning cancer progression. Given that adipose tissue is a target of androgen signaling, the actual role of androgen removal on the periprostatic adipose tissue was the aim of this work. METHODS Surgical castration of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) was employed. By histology examination and software analysis, WAT and BAT tissue was quantified. 3T3-like adipocytes were used to study the role of Casodex® in modifying adipocyte differentiation and to investigate the function of the secretome of adipocytes on the proliferation of androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. Finally, the role of cell communication was assayed by TRAMP-C1 xenograft implanted in the presence of 3T3-like adipocytes. RESULTS Androgen removal increases brown/beige adipose tissue in the fat immediately surrounding the prostate glands of TRAMP mice, concomitant with an adjustment of the metabolism. Castration increases body temperature, respiratory exchange rate, and energy expenditure. Also, in vitro, it is described that blocking androgen signaling by Casodex® increases the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) marker in 3T3-like adipocytes. Finally, the effect of brown/beige adipocyte secretome was studied on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The secretome of brown/beige adipocytes reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cells mediated partly by the secretion of extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, we concluded that hampering androgen signaling plays a crucial role in the browning of the periprostatic adipose tissue. Also, the presence of brown adipocytes exhibits the opposite effect to that of white adipocytes in vitro regulating processes that govern the mechanisms of cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells. And finally, promoting the browning of adipose tissue in the periprostatic adipose tissue might be a way to handle prostate cancer cell progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Alvarez-Artime
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belen Garcia-Soler
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sheila Fernandez-Vega
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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Venkataraman B, Almarzooqi S, Raj V, Bhongade BA, Patil RB, Subramanian VS, Attoub S, Rizvi TA, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Molecular Docking Identifies 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) as A Novel PPARγ Agonist That Alleviates Colon Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076160. [PMID: 37047133 PMCID: PMC10094723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is often debilitating. The disease etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic susceptibility, microbial dysregulation, abnormal immune activation, and environmental factors. Currently, available drug therapies are associated with adverse effects when used long-term. Therefore, the search for new drug candidates to treat IBD is imperative. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is highly expressed in the colon. PPARγ plays a vital role in regulating colonic inflammation. 1,8-cineole, also known as eucalyptol, is a monoterpene oxide present in various aromatic plants which possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that 1,8-cineole binds to PPARγ and if it were an agonist, that would explain the anti-inflammatory effects of 1,8-cineole. Therefore, we investigated the role of 1,8-cineole in colonic inflammation, using both in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was used as the in vivo model, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-stimulated HT-29 cells as the in vitro model. 1,8-cineole treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis mice. 1,8-cineole treatment also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus to induce potent antioxidant effects. 1,8-cineole also increased colonic PPARγ protein expression. Similarly, 1,8-cineole decreased proinflammatory chemokine production and increased PPARγ protein expression in TNFα-stimulated HT-29 cells. 1,8-cineole also increased PPARγ promoter activity time-dependently. Because of its potent anti-inflammatory effects, 1,8-cineole may be valuable in treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhoomendra A Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (BK), Pune 411 041, India
| | | | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Zhao X, Huang HS, Shi SR. Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ on Modulating Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Synthesis in Caco-2 Cells Exposed to Clostridium butyricum. Mol Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893323030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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α-Bisabolol Mitigates Colon Inflammation by Stimulating Colon PPAR-γ Transcription Factor: In Vivo and In Vitro Study. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:5498115. [PMID: 35465355 PMCID: PMC9020997 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5498115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis) are increasing worldwide. The etiology of IBD is multifactorial, including genetic predisposition, dysregulated immune response, microbial dysbiosis, and environmental factors. However, many of the existing therapies are associated with marked side effects. Therefore, the development of new drugs for IBD treatment is an important area of investigation. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of α-bisabolol, a naturally occurring monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol present in many aromatic plants, in colonic inflammation. To address this, we used molecular docking and dynamic studies to understand how α-bisabolol interacts with PPAR-γ, which is highly expressed in the colonic epithelium: in vivo (mice) and in vitro (RAW264.7 macrophages and HT-29 colonic adenocarcinoma cells) models. The molecular docking and dynamic analysis revealed that α-bisabolol interacts with PPAR-γ, a nuclear receptor protein that is highly expressed in the colon epithelium. Treatment with α-bisabolol in DSS-administered mice significantly reduced Disease Activity Index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and colonic length and protected the microarchitecture of the colon. α-Bisabolol treatment also reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL1β, TNF-α, and IL-17A) at the protein and mRNA levels. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS inflammatory mediators were reduced along with tissue nitrite levels. Furthermore, α-bisabolol decreased the phosphorylation of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) proteins and enhanced colon epithelial PPAR-γ transcription factor expression. However, the PPAR-α and β/δ expression was not altered, indicating α-bisabolol is a specific stimulator of PPAR-γ. α-Bisabolol also increased the PPAR-γ transcription factor expression but not PPAR-α and β/δ in pretreated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. α-Bisabolol significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL-1 and IL-8) mRNA in HT-29 cells treated with TNF-α and HT-29 PPAR-γ promoter activity. These results demonstrate that α-bisabolol mitigates colonic inflammation by inhibiting MAPK signaling and stimulating PPAR-γ expression.
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Thymoquinone, a Dietary Bioactive Compound, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Colitis by Stimulating Expression of the Colonic Epithelial PPAR-γ Transcription Factor. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041343. [PMID: 33920708 PMCID: PMC8073634 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Here, we investigated thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring phytochemical present in Nigella sativa, for anti-inflammatory effects in colonic inflammation. To address this, we used in vivo (mice) and in vitro (HT-29 cells) models in this investigation. Our results showed that TQ treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and protected colon microscopic architecture. In addition, TQ also reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators at both the mRNA and protein levels. Further, TQ decreased phosphorylation of the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins and enhanced colon epithelial PPAR-γ transcription factor expression. TQ significantly decreased proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL-1 and IL-8), and mediator (COX-2) mRNA expression in HT-29 cells treated with TNF-α. TQ also increased HT-29 PPAR-γ mRNA, PPAR-γ protein expression, and PPAR-γ promoter activity. These results indicate that TQ inhibits MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and transcriptionally regulates PPAR-γ expression to induce potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro models of colon inflammation.
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Brunetti L, Loiodice F, Piemontese L, Tortorella P, Laghezza A. New Approaches to Cancer Therapy: Combining Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibition with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) Activation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10995-11003. [PMID: 31407888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the past decade, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been identified as part of the cannabinoid signaling system: both phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids are capable of binding and activating these nuclear receptors. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) hydrolyzes the endocannabinoid anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines. These substances have been shown to have numerous anticancer effects, and indeed the inhibition of FAAH has multiple beneficial effects that are mediated by PPARα subtype and by PPARγ subtype, especially antiproliferation and activation of apoptosis. The substrates of FAAH are also PPAR agonists, which explains the PPAR-mediated effects of FAAH inhibitors. Much like cannabinoid ligands and FAAH inhibitors, PPARγ agonists show antiproliferative effects on cancer cells, suggesting that additive or synergistic effects may be achieved through the positive modulation of both signaling systems. In this Miniperspective, we discuss the development of novel FAAH inhibitors able to directly act as PPAR agonists and their promising utilization as leads for the discovery of highly effective anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
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Leung DTH, Rainczuk A, Nguyen T, Stephens A, Silke J, Fuller PJ, Chu S. Targeting XIAP and PPARγ in Granulosa Cell Tumors Alters Metabolic Signaling. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1691-1702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilys T. H. Leung
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Miller WA, Wuertz BR, Ondrey FG. PPARγ-Mediated p21 Induction in Aerodigestive Preneoplastic Cell Lines. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2018; 127:677-686. [PMID: 30047791 DOI: 10.1177/0003489418787833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral leukoplakia is defined as a mucous membrane disorder characterized by white patches that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is the most frequent, potentially premalignant oral mucosa disorder and a good candidate for chemopreventive therapies. Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which forms a complex with nuclear cofactors and regulates gene expression of a variety of cell-cycle proteins and is currently being tested preclinically and clinically in aerodigestive cancer prevention. METHODS In the present study, we hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease proliferation of human leukoplakia cells (MSK Leuk1) and transformed bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) through regulatory changes of G1 checkpoint protein regulators, p21 and cyclin-D1. MSK Leuk1 and BEAS-2B cells were treated with pioglitazone and assayed for cell proliferation and p21 transcriptional activity. RESULTS We discovered pioglitazone significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. We also observed p21 protein induction after treatment with pioglitazone, which was preceded by measurable increases in p21 mRNA induction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude the PPARγ activator, pioglitazone, can activate p21, which is associated with decreased proliferation in 2 aerodigestive preneoplastic cell lines. In addition, the p21 gene may be a potential hypothesis-driven biomarker in translational studies of pioglitazone as a chemoprevention agent for aerodigestive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Miller
- 1 Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Beverly R Wuertz
- 1 Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank G Ondrey
- 1 Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Research Advances in the Correlation between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ and Digestive Cancers. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:5289859. [PMID: 29483923 PMCID: PMC5816837 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5289859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a class of ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, which is a member of type II nuclear receptor superfamily. Previous studies demonstrate that PPARγ is expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and is closely associated with the proliferation and prognosis of digestive system tumors by its roles in mediation of cell differentiation, induction of cell apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Activation of autophagy and PPARγ protect colon cancer cells against apoptosis induced by interactive effects of butyrate and DHA in a cell type-dependent manner: The role of cell differentiation. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 39:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Bjorksten AR, Kountouri N, Zheng T, Paradiso L, Luwor RB, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone increases functional expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21301-14. [PMID: 26046374 PMCID: PMC4673266 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells release glutamate through expression of system xc-, which exchanges intracellular glutamate for extracellular cysteine. Lack of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) expression maintains high extracellular glutamate levels in the glioma microenvironment, causing excitotoxicity to surrounding parenchyma. Not only does this contribute to the survival and proliferation of glioma cells, but is involved in the pathophysiology of tumour-associated epilepsy (TAE). We investigated the role of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone in modulating EAAT2 expression in glioma cells. We found that EAAT2 expression was increased in a dose dependent manner in both U87MG and U251MG glioma cells. Extracellular glutamate levels were reduced with the addition of pioglitazone, where statistical significance was reached in both U87MG and U251MG cells at a concentration of ≥ 30 μM pioglitazone (p < 0.05). The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibited the effect of pioglitazone on extracellular glutamate levels, indicating PPARγ dependence. In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced cell viability of U87MG and U251MG cells at ≥ 30 μM and 100 μM (p < 0.05) respectively. GW9662 also significantly reduced viability of U87MG and U251MG cells with 10 μM and 30 μM (p < 0.05) respectively. The effect on viability was partially dependent on PPARγ activation in U87MG cells but not U251MG cells, whereby PPARγ blockade with GW9662 had a synergistic effect. We conclude that PPARγ agonists may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of gliomas and furthermore suggest a novel role for these agents in the treatment of tumour associated seizures through the reduction in extracellular glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ching
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bjorksten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Kountouri
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Zheng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Paradiso
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Chemotherapy and chemoprevention by thiazolidinediones. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:845340. [PMID: 25866814 PMCID: PMC4383438 DOI: 10.1155/2015/845340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are synthetic ligands of Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ). Troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone have been approved for treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. All three compounds, together with the first TZD ciglitazone, also showed an antitumor effect in preclinical studies and a beneficial effect in some clinical trials. This review summarizes hypotheses on the role of PPARγ in tumors, on cellular targets of TZDs, antitumor effects of monotherapy and of TZDs in combination with other compounds, with a focus on their role in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The results of chemopreventive effects of TZDs are also considered. Existing data suggest that the action of TZDs is highly complex and that actions do not correlate with cellular PPARγ expression status. Effects are cell-, species-, and compound-specific and concentration-dependent. Data from human trials suggest the efficacy of TZDs as monotherapy in prostate cancer and glioma and as chemopreventive agent in colon, lung, and breast cancer. TZDs in combination with other therapies might increase antitumor effects in thyroid cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and melanoma.
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14
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Zhang G, Hou X, Gao S. Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ inhibits estrogen receptor α transcriptional activity in endometrial carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1227-34. [PMID: 25592200 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and estrogen receptor (ER) belong to a family of nuclear hormone receptors that have been demonstrated to affect each other's transcriptional activity. At present, little is known regarding the effect of PPARγ on ER-mediated transcriptional activity in endometrial carcinoma. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the correlation between PPARγ and ER in endometrial carcinoma and to elucidate the biological effects of abnormal expression of PPARγ on endometrial carcinoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical and western blotting methods were used to detect the expression of PPARγ, ERα and ERβ in normal and malignant endometrium. Next, we performed transient transfection to assess the interaction between PPARγ and ER in vitro. Furthermore, we examined cell migration, invasion and proliferation as a biological counterpart. PPARγ and ERα expression levels were significantly associated with pathological grade and clinical stage in endometrial carcinoma (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that PPARγ expression was positively correlated with ERα expression (P<0.05). Using KLE and ERα-positive cells (ECC-1), we demonstrated that the PPARγ regulation of ER expression occurred predominantly through ERα. Moreover, our findings suggest that PPARγ activation inhibited the migration, invasion and proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells; ECC-1 cells were more sensitive to this inhibition. The present study demonstrated that PPARγ activation inhibited ERα expression in ERα-positive endometrial carcinoma cell lines. This crosstalk may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic methods targeting PPARγ in endometrial carcinoma treatment, particularly ERα-positive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Hou
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dongying Honggang Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257000, P.R. China
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15
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Regulation of moxibustion on the expression of NF-κBp65 and PPARγ mRNA in colon of rats with ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-014-0786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Tsukahara T, Haniu H, Matsuda Y. PTB-associated splicing factor (PSF) is a PPARγ-binding protein and growth regulator of colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58749. [PMID: 23516550 PMCID: PMC3596311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that plays an essential role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. It is over-expressed in many types of cancer, including colon, stomach, breast, and lung cancer, suggesting that regulation of PPARγ might affect cancer pathogenesis. Here, using a proteomic approach, we identify PTB-associated splicing factor (PSF) as a novel PPARγ-interacting protein and demonstrate that PSF is involved in several important regulatory steps of colon cancer cell proliferation. To investigate the relationship between PSF and PPARγ in colon cancer, we evaluated the effects of PSF expression in DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines, which express low and high levels of PPARγ, respectively PSF affected the ability of PPARγ to bind, and expression of PSF siRNA significantly suppressed the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, PSF knockdown induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3. Interestingly, DLD-1 cells were more susceptible to PSF knockdown-induced cell death than HT-29 cells. Our data suggest that PSF is an important regulator of cell death that plays critical roles in the survival and growth of colon cancer cells. The PSF-PPARγ axis may play a role in the control of colorectal carcinogenesis. Taken together, this study is the first to describe the effects of PSF on cell proliferation, tumor growth, and cell signaling associated with PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-System Control, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
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PPAR γ Networks in Cell Signaling: Update and Impact of Cyclic Phosphatidic Acid. J Lipids 2013; 2013:246597. [PMID: 23476786 PMCID: PMC3582055 DOI: 10.1155/2013/246597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipid (LPL) has long been recognized as a membrane phospholipid metabolite. Recently, however, the LPL has emerged as a candidate for diagnostic and pharmacological interest. LPLs include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), alkyl glycerol phosphate (AGP), cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). These biologically active lipid mediators serve to promote a variety of responses that include cell proliferation, migration, and survival. These LPL-related responses are mediated by cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors and also intracellular receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In this paper, we focus mainly on the most recent findings regarding the biological function of nuclear receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling in mammalian systems, specifically as they relate to health and diseases. Also, we will briefly review the biology of PPARγ and then provide an update of lysophospholipids PPARγ ligands that are under investigation as a therapeutic compound and which are targets of PPARγ relevant to diseases.
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