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Souza HR, Zucoloto AR, Francisco ITP, Rays HP, Tinti NP, Della Matta NJ, Guandalini RB, Yoshikawa AH, Messias da Silva J, Possebon L, Iyomasa-Pilon MM, de Haro Moreno A, Girol AP. Evaluation of the healing properties of Garcinia brasiliensis extracts in a cutaneous wound model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115334. [PMID: 35597412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wound healing is a complex process that can leave pathological scars, especially in case of infections from opportunistic microorganisms. In this context, herbal medicines open up great possibilities for investigation. One of the species of interest native to Brazil is Garcinia brasiliensis ("bacupari"). Traditionally known for treating wounds and ulcers, G. brasiliensis presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobials properties. But, its wound healing profile in experimental models, in order to validate its efficacy, is still litle studied. AIM OF THE STUDY Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate, in an infected cutanous wound model, the potential of formulations incorporated with G. brasiliensis leaves extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude extract (CE), Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) and Hexanic Fraction (HF) were submitted to phytochemical assays, high performance thin layer chromatography (HTPLC) and cytotoxicity studies. CE and EAF were also tested for microbicidal properties and incorporated in cream and gel formulations at 10% concentration. After stability testing, the gel formulations with CE or EAF at 10% were selected and applied to skin wounds infected or not with Staphylococcus aureus in Wistar rats. The healing potenttial of the extracts was verified by the expression of the protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1), related to the processes of inflammation and antifibrotic function, the cells immunostaining for Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D), a marker of pyroptotic cell death, and the dosage of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 inflammatory mediators. RESULTS Phytochemical studies indicated the presence of compounds of pharmacological interest, including Catechin, Quercetin and Berberine in addition to low cytotoxicity of CE and EAF at 10%. After the 6-day topical treatments, CE and EAF gel formulations demonstrated to control the pruritus formation process. The treatments decreased AnxA1 expression and the amount of cells immunostained for GSDM-D, and increased the expression of MCP-1 in infected wounds. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results show important anti-inflammatory profile and skin healing potential of CE and EAF from G. brasiliensis leaves, even in infected lesions, with therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ribeiro Souza
- São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil; University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Possebon
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Girol
- São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil; University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis): A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123909. [PMID: 35745040 PMCID: PMC9231383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a kind of unfermented tea that retains the natural substance in fresh leaves to a great extent. It is regarded as the second most popular drink in the world besides water. In this paper, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of green tea are reviewed systematically and comprehensively. Key findings Green tea has been demonstrated to be good for human health. Nowadays, multiple pharmacologically active components have been isolated and identified from green tea, including tea polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids, polysaccharides, and volatile components. Recent studies have demonstrated that green tea shows versatile pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, and neuroprotective. Studies on the toxic effects of green tea extract and its main ingredients have also raised concerns including hepatotoxicity and DNA damage. Summary Green tea can be used to assist the treatment of diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, oral cancer, and dermatitis. Consequently, green tea has shown promising practical prospects in health care and disease prevention.
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Hedbrant A, Persson I, Erlandsson A, Wijkander J. Green, Black and Rooibos Tea Inhibit Prostaglandin E2 Formation in Human Monocytes by Inhibiting Expression of Enzymes in the Prostaglandin E2 Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:397. [PMID: 35056712 PMCID: PMC8778366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is associated with adverse inflammatory effects. However, long-term treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) comes with risk of severe side effects. Therefore, alternative ways to inhibit PGE2 are warranted. We have investigated the effects of tea extracts and the polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and quercetin on PGE2 formation, determined by immunoassay, and protein expression, determined by immunoblotting, of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in human monocytes. Green and black tea extracts, and with a lower potency, Rooibos tea extract, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and calcium ionophore-induced PGE2 formation. In addition, all tea extracts inhibited the LPS-induced expression of mPGES-1, and the green and black tea extracts also inhibited, to a lesser extent, COX-2 expression. The tea extracts only marginally reduced cPLA2 expression and had no effect on COX-1 expression. EGCG, present in green and black tea, and quercetin, present in all three teas, also inhibited PGE2 formation and expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and cPLA2. Cell-based and cell-free assays were also performed to evaluate direct effects on the enzymatic activity of COX and PGE synthases. Mainly, the cell-free assay demonstrated partial inhibition by the tea extracts and polyphenols. However, the inhibition required higher doses compared to the effects demonstrated on protein expression. In conclusion, green and black tea, and to a lesser extent Rooibos tea, are potent inhibitors of PGE2 formation in human monocytes, and mediate their effects by inhibiting the expression of the enzymes responsible for PGE2 formation, especially mPGES-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hedbrant
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Persson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Ann Erlandsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Jonny Wijkander
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
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Girol AP, de Freitas Zanon C, Caruso ÍP, de Souza Costa S, Souza HR, Cornélio ML, Oliani SM. Annexin A1 Mimetic Peptide and Piperlongumine: Anti-Inflammatory Profiles in Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis. Cells 2021; 10:3170. [PMID: 34831393 PMCID: PMC8625584 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide, and therapeutic alternatives are worthy of study. We investigated the effects of piperlongumine (PL) and/or annexin A1 (AnxA1) mimetic peptide Ac2-26 on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Rats were inoculated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and intraperitoneally treated with Ac2-26 (200 µg), PL (200 and 400 µg), or Ac2-26 + PL after 15 min. Then, 24 h after LPS inoculation, leukocytes in aqueous humor, mononuclear cells, AnxA1, formyl peptide receptor (fpr)1, fpr2, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were evaluated in the ocular tissues, along with inflammatory mediators in the blood and macerated supernatant. Decreased leukocyte influx, levels of inflammatory mediators, and COX-2 expression confirmed the anti-inflammatory actions of the peptide and pointed to the protective effects of PL at higher dosage. However, when PL and Ac2-26 were administered in combination, the inflammatory potential was lost. AnxA1 expression was elevated among groups treated with PL or Ac2-26 + PL but reduced after treatment with Ac2-26. Fpr2 expression was increased only in untreated EIU and Ac2-26 groups. The interaction between Ac2-26 and PL negatively affected the anti-inflammatory action of Ac2-26 or PL. We emphasize that the anti-inflammatory effects of PL can be used as a therapeutic strategy to protect against uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Girol
- Department of Physical and Morphological Sciences, University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva 15809-144, SP, Brazil; (A.P.G.); (S.d.S.C.); (H.R.S.)
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University, (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
- Post Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline de Freitas Zanon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University, (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ícaro Putinhon Caruso
- Department of Phisics, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University, (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (Í.P.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Sara de Souza Costa
- Department of Physical and Morphological Sciences, University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva 15809-144, SP, Brazil; (A.P.G.); (S.d.S.C.); (H.R.S.)
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University, (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Helena Ribeiro Souza
- Department of Physical and Morphological Sciences, University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva 15809-144, SP, Brazil; (A.P.G.); (S.d.S.C.); (H.R.S.)
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University, (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marinônio Lopes Cornélio
- Department of Phisics, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University, (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (Í.P.C.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University, (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
- Post Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine (CEPAM), União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos (Unilago), São José do Rio Preto 15030-070, SP, Brazil
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Sant'Ana M, Souza HR, Possebon L, Cornélio ML, Riffo-Vasquez Y, Girol AP, Oliani SM. Effect of piperlongumine during exposure to cigarette smoke reduces inflammation and lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 61:101896. [PMID: 31988027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to smoking and anti-inflammatory therapy is indicated. Among the mediators with anti-inflammatory properties, we highlight piperlongumine (PL), an alkaloid/amide of Piper longum. Here we evaluated the PL administration on an experimental model of respiratory inflammation resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke. Male Balb/c mice were exposed to burning of 10 commercial cigarettes, 2x/day, for five weeks on specific equipment. PL efficacy was evaluated in control, exposed to smoke without treatment and PL treated (2.0 mg/kg, 3x/week) groups. Animals were weighed and plethysmographic analyses performed at the end of the exposure protocol. Inflammatory cells were evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and hemoglobin and glucose in the blood. Lung fragments were processed for histopathological studies and AnxA1, COX-2, NF-kB and neutrophil elastase expressions. Plethysmography revealed that PL maintained pulmonary frequency, volume and ventilation parameters similar to controls, with respiratory volume reduction compared to untreated animals. Final weight was reduced in both exposed groups. PL decreased hemoglobin concentration, attenuated the reduction of glucose levels and reduced influx of lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages in BAL. Histopathologically occured infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase of the interalveolar septa and intra-alveolar spaces in untreated animals. But, PL administration recovered lung tissues and, immunohistochemically, promoted increased expression of AnxA1 and reduction of COX-2, NF-kB and neutrophil elastase. Together the results indicate that PL attenuates systemic and pulmonary inflammatory changes, partially by modulating the expression the endogenous AnxA1, and may represent a promising therapy in preventing the inflammation induced by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monielle Sant'Ana
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo Federal University, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena R Souza
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José Do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Possebon
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José Do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinônio L Cornélio
- Department of Physics, São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José Do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Yanira Riffo-Vasquez
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
| | - Ana Paula Girol
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José Do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo Federal University, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José Do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil.
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The Novel Small-molecule Annexin-A1 Mimetic, Compound 17b, Elicits Vasoprotective Actions in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041384. [PMID: 32085666 PMCID: PMC7073122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family are a group of G-protein coupled receptors that play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory processes. It is well-established that activation of FPRs can have cardioprotective properties. Recently, more stable small-molecule FPR1/2 agonists have been described, including both Compound 17b (Cmpd17b) and Compound 43 (Cmpd43). Both agonists activate a range of signals downstream of FPR1/2 activation in human-engineered FPR-expressing cells, including ERK1/2 and Akt. Importantly, Cmpd17b (but not Cmpd43) favours bias away from intracellular Ca2+ mobilisation in this context, which has been associated with greater cardioprotection in response to Cmpd17b over Cmpd43. However, it is unknown whether these FPR agonists impact vascular physiology and/or elicit vasoprotective effects in the context of diabetes. First, we localized FPR1 and FPR2 receptors predominantly in vascular smooth muscle cells in the aortae of male C57BL/6 mice. We then analysed the vascular effects of Cmpd17b and Cmpd43 on the aorta using wire-myography. Cmpd17b but not Cmpd43 evoked a concentration-dependent relaxation of the mouse aorta. Removal of the endothelium or blockade of endothelium-derived relaxing factors using pharmacological inhibitors had no effect on Cmpd17b-evoked relaxation, demonstrating that its direct vasodilator actions were endothelium-independent. In aortae primed with elevated K+ concentration, increasing concentrations of CaCl2 evoked concentration-dependent contraction that is abolished by Cmpd17b, suggesting the involvement of the inhibition of Ca2+ mobilisation via voltage-gated calcium channels. Treatment with Cmpd17b for eight weeks reversed endothelial dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic aorta through the upregulation of vasodilator prostanoids. Our data indicate that Cmpd17b is a direct endothelium-independent vasodilator, and a vasoprotective molecule in the context of diabetes.
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Lebron IDSL, da Silva LF, Paletta JT, da Silva RA, Sant'Ana M, Costa SDS, Iyomasa-Pilon MM, Souza HR, Possebon L, Girol AP. Modulation of the endogenous Annexin A1 in a cigarette smoke cessation model: Potential therapeutic target in reversing the damage caused by smoking? Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152614. [PMID: 31500927 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation may help in the reversal of inflammation and damage caused by smoking. The endogenous annexin A1 (AnxA1) protein has anti-inflammatory effects which instigates the understanding of its role in the attenuation of inflammatory processes caused by smoking. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks. After the exposure period, one of the groups remained other 8 weeks in the absence of smoke. Animals not exposed to smoke were used as control. Blood, trachea and lungs were obtained for histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Loss of cilia of the tracheal lining epithelium was found by smoke exposure, but smoking cessation led to recovery of the tracheal epithelium. Similarly, chronically exposed-to-smoke animals showed increased lymphocytes and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage and higher levels of glucose and gamma-GT in their blood. Reduction of lymphocytes, glucose and gamma-GT occurred after smoking cessation. In addition, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and MCP-1 levels were elevated by smoke exposure. Smoking cessation significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 but increased the IL-10 concentration. Numerous mast cells and macrophages were observed in the lung of chronically exposed-to-smoke animals with reduction by smoking cigarette abstinence. AnxA1 increased expression and concomitant NF-κB reduction were found in the smoking cessation group. CONCLUSION Our results showed that cigarette abstinence promoted partial recovery of the inflammatory process. The attenuation of the inflammatory profile may be associated with the overexpression of AnxA1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara de Souza Costa
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Helena Ribeiro Souza
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Possebon
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Girol
- University Center Padre Albino (UNIFIPA), Catanduva, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto Campus, SP, Brazil.
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Possebon L, Costa SS, Souza HR, Azevedo LR, Sant'Ana M, Iyomasa-Pilon MM, Oliani SM, Girol AP. Mimetic peptide AC2-26 of annexin A1 as a potential therapeutic agent to treat COPD. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 63:270-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2568569. [PMID: 29849875 PMCID: PMC5925080 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2568569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions involving primarily the gastrointestinal tract. However, they may be also associated with systemic manifestations and comorbidities. The relationship between chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction has been extensively demonstrated. Mucosal immunity and gastrointestinal physiology are modified in inflammatory bowel diseases, and these modifications are mainly sustained by alterations of endothelial function. The key elements involved in this process are cytokines, inflammatory cells, growth factors, nitric oxide, endothelial adhesion molecules, and coagulation cascade factors. In this review, we discuss available data in literature concerning endothelial dysfunction in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease and we focus our attention on both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic targets.
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Wang Z, Chen Z, Yang J, Yang Z, Yin J, Zuo G, Duan X, Shen H, Li H, Chen G. Identification of two phosphorylation sites essential for annexin A1 in blood-brain barrier protection after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2509-2525. [PMID: 27634935 PMCID: PMC5531348 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16669513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A1 has been reported to exert a blood-brain barrier protection. This study was designed to examine the role of annexin A1 in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction. A collagenase intracerebral hemorrhage model was performed in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. First, a possible relationship between annexin A1 and intracerebral hemorrhage pathology was confirmed by a loss of annexin A1 in the cerebrovascular endothelium and serum of intracerebral hemorrhage rats, and the rescue effects of i.v. administration of human recombinant annexin A1 in vivo and annexin A1 overexpression in vitro on the barrier function of brain microvascular endothelial cells exposed to intracerebral hemorrhage stimulus. Second, we found that intracerebral hemorrhage significantly increased the phosphorylation ratio of annexin A1 at the serine/threonine residues. Finally, based on site-specific mutagenesis, we identified two phosphorylation sites (a) annexin A1 phosphorylation at threonine 24 is required for its interaction with actin cytoskeleton, and (b) phosphorylation at serine27 is essential for annexin A1 secretion, both of which were essential for maintaining cytoskeleton integrity and paracellular permeability. In conclusion, annexin A1 prevents intracerebral hemorrhage-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in threonine 24 and serine27 phosphorylation-dependent manners. Annexin A1 phosphorylation may be a self-help strategy in brain microvascular endothelial cells after intracerebral hemorrhage; however, that was almost completely abolished by the intracerebral hemorrhage-induced loss of annexin A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Gang Chen, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China. Haiying Li, Department of Neurosurgery, The first Affiliated Hosipital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Green Tea Polyphenol Induces Changes in Cancer-Related Factors in an Animal Model of Bladder Cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171091. [PMID: 28141864 PMCID: PMC5283747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenol (GTP) suppresses carcinogenesis and aggressiveness in many types of malignancies including bladder cancer. However, the mechanistic basis of these effects is not well understood. This was investigated in the present study using a mouse model of chemically induced bladder cancer. C3H/He mice (8 weeks old; n = 46) were treated with 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) solution for 14-24 weeks. Mice in the BBN + GTP group (n = 47) were also treated with 0.5% GTP solution over the same period. Tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density were evaluated along with immunohistochemical analysis of human antigen (Hu)R, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 expression. Cytoplasmic HuR expression in cancer cells was higher at 14 and 24 weeks in the BBN than in the control group and was associated with increased invasion of tumor cells in muscle. However, these effects were not observed in the BBN + GTP group. A multivariate analysis of GTP intake and cytoplasmic HuR expression revealed that GTP was independently associated with COX-2 and HO-1 expression, while cytoplasmic HuR expression was associated with COX-2 and VEGF-A levels. Expression of COX-2 and HO-1 was associated with cell proliferation and that of VEGF-A and HO-1 was associated with angiogenesis. Nuclear HuR expression was not associated with any parameters such as carcinogenesis, muscle invasion, and GTP intake. These results indicate that GTP intake can suppress tumor progression and malignant behavior in an animal model of bladder cancer. We also speculate that GTP directly and indirectly suppresses tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis via HuR-related pathways in bladder cancer.
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Cheng YT, Yang CC, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine-Modulating oxidative stress and the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:128-143. [PMID: 27794498 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the current advances and achievements in systems biology and translational medicinal research, the current strategies for cancer therapy, such as radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy remain palliative or unsatisfactory due to tumor metastasis or recurrence after surgery/therapy, drug resistance, adverse side effects, and so on. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic/acute inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and tumor invasion/metastasis which is also attributed to the dynamic and complex properties and activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Re-educating or reprogramming tumor-associated stromal or immune cells in the TME provides an approach for restoring immune surveillance impaired by disease in cancer patients to increase overall survival and reduce drug resistance. Herbal medicines or plant-derived natural products have historically been a major source of anti-cancer drugs. Delving into the lore of herbal medicine may uncover new leads for anti-cancer drugs. Phytomedicines have been widely documented to directly or indirectly target multiple signaling pathways and networks in cancer cells. A combination of anti-cancer drugs and polypharmacological plant-derived extracts or compounds may offer a significant advantage in sensitizing the efficacy of monotherapy and overcoming drug-induced resistance in cancer patients. This review introduces several phytochemicals and phytoextracts derived from medicinal plants or dietary vegetables that have been studied for their efficacy in preclinical cancer models. We address the underlying modes of action of induction of OS and deregulation of TME-associated stromal cells, mediators and signaling pathways, and reference the related clinical investigations that look at the single or combination use of phytochemicals and phytoextracts to sensitize anti-cancer drug effects and/or overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Arantes RVN, Cestari TM, Viscelli BA, Dionísio TJ, Garlet GP, Santos CF, de Assis GF, Taga R. Meloxicam temporally inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 during alveolar bone repair in rats. J Periodontol 2016; 86:162-72. [PMID: 25327303 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role during angiogenesis and bone repair. This study investigated whether the use of meloxicam alters bone repair via downregulation of VEGF and receptor expression. METHODS One hundred twenty male Wistar rats had their maxillary right incisor extracted. Animals were divided into a control group (CG; n = 60) and a meloxicam-treated group (TG; n = 60) that received either a single daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% NaCl or meloxicam 3 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. Alveolar bone repair was evaluated histomorphometrically, whereas VEGF and its receptors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test with P < 0.05. RESULTS Bone volume density increased significantly (P = 0.001) in both groups with a strong correlation between treatment and periods (P = 0.003). In the TG, a small amount of bone formation occurred compared with the CG between 3 and 21 days. No significant differences in the number of VEGF-positive cells per square millimeter (P = 0.07) and VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (P = 0.49) were found between groups. Immunostained cells per square millimeter and mRNA expression for VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001) and VEGFR-2 (P < 0.001 for both analysis) showed a strong interaction between treatment groups and periods. In the TG, immunostained cells per square millimeter and mRNA expression for VEGFR-1 were, respectively, 89% and 37% lower from 3 to 10 days compared with the CG, whereas for VEGFR-2, these values were 252% and 60%, respectively, from 3 to 7 days. CONCLUSION In rat alveolar bone repair, meloxicam did not affect VEGF expression but downregulated VEGFR expression, which may cause a delay in the bone repair/remodeling process.
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Lim SL, Goh YM, Noordin MM, Rahman HS, Othman HH, Abu Bakar NA, Mohamed S. Morinda citrifolia edible leaf extract enhanced immune response against lung cancer. Food Funct 2016; 7:741-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the search for functional foods as complementary therapies against lung cancer, the immuno-stimulatory properties of the vegetable Morinda citrifolia leaves were investigated and compared with the anti-cancer drug erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Ling Lim
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | | | - Heshu S. Rahman
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Hemn H. Othman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Abu Bakar
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
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Bielli A, Scioli MG, Mazzaglia D, Doldo E, Orlandi A. Antioxidants and vascular health. Life Sci 2015; 143:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cyboran S, Strugała P, Włoch A, Oszmiański J, Kleszczyńska H. Concentrated green tea supplement: biological activity and molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2015; 126:1-9. [PMID: 25703070 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was undertaken to determine the biological activity of a green tea supplement with respect to cells and erythrocyte membranes and the molecular mechanism of that activity. MAIN METHODS The extract's activity was evaluated on the basis of its hemolytic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions. In addition, the extract's effect on the physical properties of the erythrocyte membrane was examined. We also conducted a detailed analysis of supplement ingredients using high-yield liquid chromatography, supplemented with standard tests of total content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the supplement. KEY FINDINGS The study showed that green tea extract has a high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity with no deleterious effect on red blood cells. The extract modifies the physical properties of the erythrocyte membrane, apparently by binding to its hydrophilic region, with consequent rigidity of the hydrophobic region, increased hydration and a moderate increase in its resistance to changes in tonicity of the medium. Because the extract's components anchor in the polar region of membrane lipids, they are able to effectively scavenge free radicals in the immediate vicinity of the membrane and hinder their diffusion into its interior. SIGNIFICANCE Green tea supplement at concentrations markedly exceeding the blood plasma physiological polyphenol concentrations has no destructive effect on the erythrocyte membrane. Due to the high content of flavan-3-ols, the supplement exhibits high biological activity, which makes it an alternative source of those substances to the commonly used infusion of green tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cyboran
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - P Strugała
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Włoch
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - H Kleszczyńska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Greenberg AK, Tsay JC, Tchou-Wong KM, Jorgensen A, Rom WN. Chemoprevention of lung cancer: prospects and disappointments in human clinical trials. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:131-48. [PMID: 24216701 PMCID: PMC3730305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing the risk of lung cancer, or preventing its development in high-risk individuals, would have a huge impact on public health. The most effective means to decrease lung cancer incidence is to eliminate exposure to carcinogens. However, with recent advances in the understanding of pulmonary carcinogenesis and the identification of intermediate biomarkers, the prospects for the field of chemoprevention research have improved dramatically. Here we review the most recent research in lung cancer chemoprevention-focusing on those agents that have been investigated in human clinical trials. These agents fall into three major categories. First, oxidative stress plays an important role in pulmonary carcinogenesis; and therefore, antioxidants (including vitamins, selenium, green tea extracts, and isothiocyanates) may be particularly effective in preventing the development of lung cancer. Second, inflammation is increasingly accepted as a crucial factor in carcinogenesis, and many investigators have focused on anti-inflammatory agents, such as glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, statins, and PPARγ agonists. Finally, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is recognized to play a central role in tobacco-induced carcinogenesis, and inhibitors of this pathway, including myoinositol and metformin, are promising agents for lung cancer prevention. Successful chemoprevention will likely require targeting of multiple pathways to carcinogenesis-both to minimize toxicity and maximize efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa K Greenberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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