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Impact of Molecular Modifications on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Recombinant Raccoon Poxvirus-Vectored Rabies Vaccine Candidates in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121436. [PMID: 34960182 PMCID: PMC8708037 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient disease that is responsible for approximately 59,000 human deaths annually. Bats (Order Chiroptera) are thought to be the original hosts of rabies virus (RABV) and currently account for most rabies cases in wildlife in the Americas. Vaccination is being used to manage rabies in other wildlife reservoirs like fox and raccoon, but no rabies vaccine is available for bats. We previously developed a recombinant raccoonpox virus (RCN) vaccine candidate expressing a mosaic glycoprotein (MoG) gene that protected mice and big brown bats when challenged with RABV. In this study, we developed two new recombinant RCN candidates expressing MoG (RCN-tPA-MoG and RCN-SS-TD-MoG) with the aim of improving RCN-MoG. We assessed and compared in vitro expression, in vivo immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in vaccinated mice challenged intracerebrally with RABV. All three candidates induced significant humoral immune responses, and inoculation with RCN-tPA-MoG or RCN-MoG significantly increased survival after RABV challenge. These results demonstrate the importance of considering molecular elements in the design of vaccines, and that vaccination with either RCN-tPA-MoG or RCN-MoG confers adequate protection from rabies infection, and either may be a sufficient vaccine candidate for bats in future work.
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Bai Z, Zhao X, Li C, Sheng C, Li H. EV71 virus reduces Nrf2 activation to promote production of reactive oxygen species in infected cells. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:22. [PMID: 32346399 PMCID: PMC7181592 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence closely links Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess ROS results in apoptosis and exacerbates inflammatory reactions. The Keap1-Nrf2 axis serves as an essential oxidant counteracting pathway. METHODS The present study aimed to elucidate the role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in modulating apoptosis and inflammatory reactions triggered by oxidative stress in Vero and RD cells upon EV71 infection. RESULTS Elevated ROS production was identified in EV71 infected Vero and RD cells. The percentage of dead cells and expression of inflammation-promoting cytokines were increased in these cells. EV71 infected cells also displayed reinforced Keap1 expression and abrogated Nrf2 expression. Keap1 silencing resulted in the downstream aggregation of the Nrf2 protein and heme oxygenase-1 HO-1. Keap1 silencing repressed ubiquitination and reinforced Nrf2 nuclear trafficking. Furthermore, silencing Keap1 expression repressed ROS production, cell death, and inflammatory reactions in EV71 infected RD and Vero cells. In contrast, silencing of both Keap1 and Nrf2 restored ROS production, cell death, and inflammatory reactions. Nrf2 and Keap1 modulated the stimulation of the Akt sensor and extrinsic as well as intrinsic cell death pathways, resulting in EV71-triggered cell death and inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSIONS EV71 infection can trigger ROS production, cell death, and inflammatory reactions by modulating the Nrf2 and Keap1 levels of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzi Bai
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Economic Development Zone, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Economic Development Zone, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Economic Development Zone, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Chuanlun Sheng
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Economic Development Zone, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Economic Development Zone, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
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Li H, Bai Z, Li C, Sheng C, Zhao X. EV71 infection induces cell apoptosis through ROS generation and SIRT1 activation. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4321-4331. [PMID: 31898369 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have substantiated the correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Normally, enterovirus 71 (EV71) is associated with severe clinical manifestations and death. However, the effect of EV71 on the induction of cellular death and the interplay between ROS/SIRT1 in cell death has not been confirmed yet. In the current study, an increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed as soon as the EV71 infection was initiated in cells and mice. Furthermore, EV71 infection also promoted a rise in the levels of three commonly known proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. During EV71-induced apoptosis in the different cell lines, ROS generation and SIRT1 downregulation were observed. Further investigations showed that the administration of ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl- l-cysteine (NAC), reduced the level of apoptosis and inflammation, reduced EV71 propagation, and increased SIRT1 expression in EV71-infected cells. In addition, combined administration of NAC and EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) restored apoptosis in the EV71-infected cells, which was reduced due to NAC. This data demonstrated that ROS generation is positively associated with EV71-induced apoptosis and inflammation, while this effect could be reversed by SIRT1 inhibition. Collectively, we have shown that EV71 induces apoptosis and inflammation by promoting ROS generation and reducing SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenzi Bai
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanlun Sheng
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Infectious Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhou F, Chen X, Chen G, Yan J, Xiao Y. Identification of SAA and ACTB as potential biomarker of patients with severe HFMD using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. Clin Biochem 2019; 67:1-6. [PMID: 30817906 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by a variety of enterovirus infections, and the most common types of virus infections are the newenterovirus71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A group 16 (CoxA16). A small fraction of HFMD will cause further severe HFMD. A rapid and accurate diagnosis biomarker of severe HFMD is important for the timely treatment. In the study, we conducted a clinical biomarker discovery study using iTRAQ combined with MS. Serum proteome alterations in severe HFMD group (n = 32) and health control group (n = 32) were analyzed. 47 proteins were upregulated (fold change > 1.5) between the severe HFMD group and HC group. The identified proteins were classified into different groups according to the molecular function, biology processes, cellular component. During the up-regulated proteins, serum amyloid A (SAA) and human β-actin (ACTB), were confirmed in the serum of the severe HFMD and HC by ELISA assay. SAA and ACTB levels were significantly higher in the sever HFMD patients (P < .01), consistent with iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS analysis. In summary, Our results showed that SAA and human β-actin (ACTB) may be served as a potential biomarker of the clinical diagnosis of severe HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangye Zhou
- Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, First Hospital of Putian, China
| | - Xianqian Chen
- Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, First Hospital of Putian, China.
| | - Guoxian Chen
- Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, First Hospital of Putian, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, First Hospital of Putian, China
| | - Yupeng Xiao
- Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, First Hospital of Putian, China
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Yen TY, Shih WL, Huang YC, Lee JT, Huang LM, Chang LY. Polymorphisms in enterovirus 71 receptors associated with susceptibility and clinical severity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206769. [PMID: 30395634 PMCID: PMC6218064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of enterovirus 71 (EV71) susceptibility and clinical severity with polymorphisms in EV71 receptors, including human scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2), P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), and annexin II (ANXA2). METHODS We enrolled laboratory-confirmed EV71 cases and healthy age- and gender-matched controls in Taiwan from 2000 to 2012. We detected genetic polymorphisms in SCARB2, PSGL-1, and ANXA2 and correlated the results with EV71 susceptibility and severity. RESULTS We collected 599 EV71 cases and 98 controls. Among EV71 patients, the male to female ratio was 1.61, and the mean age was 2.99±2.47 years. For clinical severity, 117 (19.6%) had severe central nervous system involvement with or without cardiopulmonary failure. For outcomes, 46 (7.7%) had sequelae, and 14 (2.3%) died. SCARB2 polymorphisms (rs6824953 and rs11097262) were associated with susceptibility to EV71 infection (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.07-2.39; and OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.09-2.47, respectively). PSGL-1 polymorphisms (rs7137098 and rs8179137) were significantly associated with severe EV71 infection (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.1-1.96; and OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07-2.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS SCARB2 polymorphisms (rs6824953 and rs11097262) might be associated with EV71 susceptibility. PSGL-1 polymorphisms (rs7137098 and rs8179137) were associated with severe EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Te Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luan-Yin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li B, Zheng J. MicroR-9-5p suppresses EV71 replication through targeting NFκB of the RIG-I-mediated innate immune response. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1457-1470. [PMID: 30186747 PMCID: PMC6120239 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that there is a causative link between hsa-microRNA-9-5p (miR-9) and pathophysiological processes. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been found to contribute to numerous severe clinical symptoms which result in death. The exact mechanism by which EV71 influences miR-9 expression is unknown, and the relationship between miR-9 and EV71 is still unclear. Here, miR-9 expression was found to be impaired upon EV71 infection in several cell lines and in an EV71 infection mouse model. Additionally, we confirmed that EV71 infection induces robust expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1) and interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). Overexpression of miR-9 attenuated EV71 proliferation and reduced protein and gene expressions of virion protein 1 (VP1) of EV71. Furthermore, we observed that the inflammation caused by EV71 infection was restored to a moderate level via miR-9 overexpression. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in the retinoic acid-induced gene 1 (RIG-I) signaling pathway, but not interferon regulating factor 3 (IRF3), was significantly decreased and inactivated by ectopic miR-9 expression. Moreover, in mouse infection experiments, administration of miR-9 agomirs caused a significant decrease in VP1 levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine production after viral inoculation. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that miR-9 exerts an anti-EV71 effect in cells and a mouse model via mediating NFκB activity of the RIG-I signal pathway, thereby suggesting a new candidate for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Pediatrics Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital China
| | - Junqing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital China
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Too IHK, Bonne I, Tan EL, Chu JJH, Alonso S. Prohibitin plays a critical role in Enterovirus 71 neuropathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006778. [PMID: 29324904 PMCID: PMC5764453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A close relative of poliovirus, enterovirus 71 (EV71) is regarded as an important neurotropic virus of serious public health concern. EV71 causes Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease and has been associated with neurological complications in young children. Our limited understanding of the mechanisms involved in its neuropathogenesis has hampered the development of effective therapeutic options. Here, using a two-dimensional proteomics approach combined with mass spectrometry, we have identified a unique panel of host proteins that were differentially and dynamically modulated during EV71 infection of motor-neuron NSC-34 cells, which are found at the neuromuscular junctions where EV71 is believed to enter the central nervous system. Meta-analysis with previously published proteomics studies in neuroblastoma or muscle cell lines revealed minimal overlapping which suggests unique host-pathogen interactions in NSC-34 cells. Among the candidate proteins, we focused our attention on prohibitin (PHB), a protein that is involved in multiple cellular functions and the target of anti-cancer drug Rocaglamide (Roc-A). We demonstrated that cell surface-expressed PHB is involved in EV71 entry into neuronal cells specifically, while membrane-bound mitochondrial PHB associates with the virus replication complex and facilitates viral replication. Furthermore, Roc-A treatment of EV71-infected neuronal cells reduced significantly virus yields. However, the inhibitory effect of Roc-A on PHB in NSC-34 cells was not through blocking the CRAF/MEK/ERK pathway as previously reported. Instead, Roc-A treated NSC-34 cells had lower mitochondria-associated PHB and lower ATP levels that correlated with impaired mitochondria integrity. In vivo, EV71-infected mice treated with Roc-A survived longer than the vehicle-treated animals and had significantly lower virus loads in their spinal cord and brain, whereas virus titers in their limb muscles were comparable to controls. Together, this study uncovers PHB as the first host factor that is specifically involved in EV71 neuropathogenesis and a potential drug target to limit neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issac Horng Khit Too
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Bonne
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Lee Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Biomedical & Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Droplet digital PCR as a useful tool for the quantitative detection of Enterovirus 71. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:200-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lui YLE, Tan TL, Woo WH, Timms P, Hafner LM, Tan KH, Tan EL. Enterovirus71 (EV71) utilise host microRNAs to mediate host immune system enhancing survival during infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102997. [PMID: 25047717 PMCID: PMC4105423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a self-limiting viral disease that mainly affects infants and children. In contrast with other HFMD causing enteroviruses, Enterovirus71 (EV71) has commonly been associated with severe clinical manifestation leading to death. Currently, due to a lack in understanding of EV71 pathogenesis, there is no antiviral therapeutics for the treatment of HFMD patients. Therefore the need to better understand the mechanism of EV71 pathogenesis is warranted. We have previously reported a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) based model to study the pathogenesis of EV71. Using this system, we showed that knockdown of DGCR8, an essential cofactor for microRNAs biogenesis resulted in a reduction of EV71 replication. We also demonstrated that there are miRNAs changes during EV71 pathogenesis and EV71 utilise host miRNAs to attenuate antiviral pathways during infection. Together, data from this study provide critical information on the role of miRNAs during EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long Edmund Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (YLEL) (YL); (LMH) (LH)
| | - Tuan Lin Tan
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Hong Woo
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Timms
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise Marie Hafner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (YLEL) (YL); (LMH) (LH)
| | - Kian Hwa Tan
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Lee Tan
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Lui YLE, Tan TL, Timms P, Hafner LM, Tan KH, Tan EL. Elucidating the host-pathogen interaction between human colorectal cells and invading Enterovirus 71 using transcriptomics profiling. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:426-31. [PMID: 24918057 PMCID: PMC4050184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main etiological agents for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD). Types I, II and III interferon may be a key antiviral response against EV71. We examine the transcriptomic changes in human colorectal cells during EV71 infection. The intestinal epithelial immune system plays a key role in the progression of HFMD.
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main etiological agents for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) and has been shown to be associated with severe clinical manifestation. Currently, there is no antiviral therapeutic for the treatment of HFMD patients owing to a lack of understanding of EV71 pathogenesis. This study seeks to elucidate the transcriptomic changes that result from EV71 infection. Human whole genome microarray was employed to monitor changes in genomic profiles between infected and uninfected cells. The results reveal altered expression of human genes involved in critical pathways including the immune response and the stress response. Together, data from this study provide valuable insights into the host–pathogen interaction between human colorectal cells and EV71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long Edmund Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia ; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia ; School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore ; Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Tuan Lin Tan
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Peter Timms
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia ; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia ; Faculty of Science, Health, Education & Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise Marie Hafner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia ; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kian Hwa Tan
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Eng Lee Tan
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore ; Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Lui YLE, Timms P, Hafner LM, Tan TL, Tan KH, Tan EL. Characterisation of enterovirus 71 replication kinetics in human colorectal cell line, HT29. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:267. [PMID: 23875129 PMCID: PMC3696168 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), a contagious viral disease that commonly affects infants and children with blisters and flu like symptoms, is caused by a group of enteroviruses such as Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16). However some HFMD caused by EV71 may further develop into severe neurological complications such as encephalitis and meningitis. The route of transmission was postulated that the virus transmit from one person to another through direct contact of vesicular fluid or droplet from the infected or via faecal-oral route. To this end, this study utilised a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) with epithelioid morphology as an in vitro model for the investigation of EV71 replication kinetics. Using qPCR, viral RNA was first detected in HT29 cells as early as 12 h post infection (hpi) while viral protein was first detected at 48 hpi. A significant change in HT29 cells’ morphology was also observed after 48 hpi. Furthermore HT29 cell viability also significantly decreased at 72 hpi. Together, data from this study demonstrated that co-culture of HT29 with EV71 is a useful in vitro model to study the pathogenesis of EV71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long Edmund Lui
- Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore ; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia ; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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