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Patil RS, Kovacs-Kasa A, Gorshkov BA, Fulton DJR, Su Y, Batori RK, Verin AD. Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatases 1 and 2A in Lung Endothelial Barrier Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1638. [PMID: 37371733 PMCID: PMC10296329 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular barrier dysfunction is characterized by increased permeability and inflammation of endothelial cells (ECs), which are prominent features of acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and sepsis, and a major complication of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Functional impairment of the EC barrier and accompanying inflammation arises due to microbial toxins and from white blood cells of the lung as part of a defensive action against pathogens, ischemia-reperfusion or blood product transfusions, and aspiration syndromes-based injury. A loss of barrier function results in the excessive movement of fluid and macromolecules from the vasculature into the interstitium and alveolae resulting in pulmonary edema and collapse of the architecture and function of the lungs, and eventually culminates in respiratory failure. Therefore, EC barrier integrity, which is heavily dependent on cytoskeletal elements (mainly actin filaments, microtubules (MTs), cell-matrix focal adhesions, and intercellular junctions) to maintain cellular contacts, is a critical requirement for the preservation of lung function. EC cytoskeletal remodeling is regulated, at least in part, by Ser/Thr phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of key cytoskeletal proteins. While a large body of literature describes the role of phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins on Ser/Thr residues in the context of EC barrier regulation, the role of Ser/Thr dephosphorylation catalyzed by Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PPases) in EC barrier regulation is less documented. Ser/Thr PPases have been proposed to act as a counter-regulatory mechanism that preserves the EC barrier and opposes EC contraction. Despite the importance of PPases, our knowledge of the catalytic and regulatory subunits involved, as well as their cellular targets, is limited and under-appreciated. Therefore, the goal of this review is to discuss the role of Ser/Thr PPases in the regulation of lung EC cytoskeleton and permeability with special emphasis on the role of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as major mammalian Ser/Thr PPases. Importantly, we integrate the role of PPases with the structural dynamics of the cytoskeleton and signaling cascades that regulate endothelial cell permeability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Boris A. Gorshkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert K. Batori
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Eto M, Katsuki S, Ohashi M, Miyagawa Y, Tanaka Y, Takeya K, Kitazawa T. Possible roles of N- and C-terminal unstructured tails of CPI-17 in regulating Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitization force of smooth muscle. J Smooth Muscle Res 2022; 58:22-33. [PMID: 35418530 PMCID: PMC9006046 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.58.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CPI-17 regulates the myosin phosphatase and mediates the agonist-induced contraction of
smooth muscle. PKC and ROCK phosphorylate CPI-17 at Thr38 leading to a conformational
change of the central inhibitory domain (PHIN domain). The N- and C-terminal tails of
CPI-17 are predicted as unstructured loops and their sequences are conserved among
mammals. Here we characterized CPI-17 N- and C-terminal unstructured tails using
recombinant proteins that lack the potions. Recombinant CPI-17 proteins at a physiologic
level (10 µM) were doped into beta-escin-permeabilized smooth muscle strips for
Ca2+ sensitization force measurement. The ectopic full-length CPI-17
augmented the PDBu-induced Ca2+ sensitization force at pCa6.3, indicating
myosin phosphatase inhibition. Deletion of N- and C-terminal tails of CPI-17 attenuated
the extent of PDBu-induced Ca2+-sensitization force. The N-terminal deletion
dampened phosphorylation at Thr38 by protein kinase C (PKC), and the C-terminal truncation
lowered the affinity to the myosin phosphatase. Under the physiologic conditions, PKC and
myosin phosphatase may recognize CPI-17 N-/C-terminal unstructured tails inducing
Ca2+ sensitization force in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Eto
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Shuichi Katsuki
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Minami Ohashi
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yui Miyagawa
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanaka
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takeya
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitazawa
- Department of Mol Physiol & Biophysics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Tian Y, Soupir A, Liu Q, Wu L, Huang CC, Park JY, Wang L. Novel role of prostate cancer risk variant rs7247241 on PPP1R14A isoform transition through allelic TF binding and CpG methylation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1610-1621. [PMID: 34849858 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their target genes predisposed to prostate cancer (PrCa) risks, SNP-related splicing associations are rarely reported. In this study, we applied distance-based sQTL analysis (sQTLseekeR) using RNA-seq and SNP genotype data from benign prostate tissue (n = 467), and identified significant associations in 3344 SNP-transcript pairs (P ≤ 0.05) at PrCa risk loci. We characterized a common SNP (rs7247241) and its target gene (PPP1R14A) located in chr19q13, a sQTL with risk allele T associated with upregulation of long isoform (P = 9.99E-7). We confirmed the associations in both TCGA (P = 2.42E-24) and GTEX prostate cohorts (P = 9.08E-78). To functionally characterize this SNP, we performed chromatin Immunoprecipitation qPCR and confirmed stronger CTCF and PLAGL2 binding in rs7247241 C than T allele. We found that CTCF binding enrichment was negatively associated with methylation level at the SNP site in human cell lines (r = -0.58). Bisulfite sequencing showed consistent association of rs7247241-T allele with nearby sequence CpG hypermethylation in prostate cell lines and tissues. Importantly, the methylation level at CpG sites nearest to the CTCF binding and first exon splice-in (ψ) of PPP1R14A were significantly associated with aggressive phenotype in the TCGA PrCa cohort. Meanwhile, the long isoform of the gene also promoted cell proliferation. Taken together, with the most updated gene annotations, we reported a set of sQTL associated with multiple traits related to human prostate diseases, and revealed a unique role of PrCa risk SNP rs7247241 on PPP1R14A isoform transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tian
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Alex Soupir
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Lang Wu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, HI, 96822, United States
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
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Matos B, Howl J, Jerónimo C, Fardilha M. Modulation of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complexes: A promising approach in cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2680-2698. [PMID: 34390863 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic options, tumor heterogeneity and chemoresistance have limited the success of these treatments, and the development of effective anticancer therapies remains a major focus in oncology research. The serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and its complexes have been recognized as potential drug targets. Research on the modulation of PP1 complexes is currently at an early stage, but has immense potential. Chemically diverse compounds have been developed to disrupt or stabilize different PP1 complexes in various cancer types, with the objective of inhibiting disease progression. Beneficial results obtained in vitro now require further pre-clinical and clinical validation. In conclusion, the modulation of PP1 complexes seems to be a promising, albeit challenging, therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Matos
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - John Howl
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Research Institute in Healthcare Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Yang Q, Hori M. Characterization of Contractile Machinery of Vascular Smooth Muscles in Hypertension. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070702. [PMID: 34357074 PMCID: PMC8304034 DOI: 10.3390/life11070702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it is a growing public health problem worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction contribute to the development of hypertension. Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms regulate the balance of the myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase to induce myosin phosphorylation, which activates VSM contraction to control blood pressure (BP). Here, we discuss the mechanism of the contractile machinery in VSM, especially RhoA/Rho kinase and PKC/CPI-17 of Ca2+ sensitization pathway in hypertension. The two signaling pathways affect BP in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and are highlighted in pulmonary, pregnancy, and salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunhui Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-7940; Fax: +81-3-5841-8183
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CPI-17 Overexpression and Its Correlation With the NF2 Mutation Spectrum in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas. Otol Neurotol 2020; 41:e94-e102. [PMID: 31789805 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that CPI-17 expression and NF2 mutations are correlated with merlin phosphorylation in the etiology of sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS). BACKGROUND NF2 gene mutations have been identified in the majority of sporadic and NF2-associated schwannomas and NF2 gene mutations have been shown to result in merlin protein phosphorylation. CPI-17 can drive Ras activity and promote tumorigenic transformation by inhibiting the tumor suppressor merlin. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between CPI-17 overexpression and the NF2 mutation spectrum in sporadic VS. METHODS In this study, we measured CPI-17 expression and identified NF2 gene alterations in a series of sporadic VS samples. Freshly frozen tumor and matched peripheral blood leukocytes from 44 individuals with sporadic VS were analyzed using next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Western blotting was used to determine the level of merlin phosphorylation, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure CPI-17 expression in the sporadic VS samples. CCK-8 and wound-healing assays were used to determine the influence of CPI-17 overexpression on cell proliferation. RESULTS NF2 mutations were identified in 79.5% of sporadic vestibular schwannomas, with all mutations being exclusively somatic. IHC and WB showed the expression of CPI-17 is upregulated in the sporadic VS. NF2 mutation and CPI-17 are positively correlated with merlin phosphorylation. CPI-17 overexpression induces the proliferation of HEI193 cells. CONCLUSION NF2 mutations and CPI-17 expression together induce merlin phosphorylation, which is correlated with the tumorigenesis of sporadic VSs.
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Annunziata MC, Parisi M, Esposito G, Fabbrocini G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Phosphorylation Sites in Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Regulated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113818. [PMID: 32471307 PMCID: PMC7312799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3 are members of Formyl Peptides Receptors (FPRs) family belonging to the GPCR superfamily. FPR2 is a low affinity receptor for formyl peptides and it is considered the most promiscuous member of this family. Intracellular signaling cascades triggered by FPRs include the activation of different protein kinases and phosphatase, as well as tyrosine kinase receptors transactivation. Protein kinases and phosphatases act coordinately and any impairment of their activation or regulation represents one of the most common causes of several human diseases. Several phospho-sites has been identified in protein kinases and phosphatases, whose role may be to expand the repertoire of molecular mechanisms of regulation or may be necessary for fine-tuning of switch properties. We previously performed a phospho-proteomic analysis in FPR2-stimulated cells that revealed, among other things, not yet identified phospho-sites on six protein kinases and one protein phosphatase. Herein, we discuss on the selective phosphorylation of Serine/Threonine-protein kinase N2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase MARK2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PAK4, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase 10, Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, and Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A, triggered by FPR2 stimulation. We also describe the putative FPR2-dependent signaling cascades upstream to these specific phospho-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Annunziata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Melania Parisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-081-7464-359
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Islam MS, Kaji N, Mikawa S, Yang Q, Kusabe M, Hori M, Ozaki H. Induction of myosin light chain kinase and CPI-17 by TGF-β accelerates contractile activity in intestinal epithelial cells. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:977-984. [PMID: 29695674 PMCID: PMC6021892 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an orchestral and functional change in epithelial cells. Many signaling pathways are involved in EMT, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is considered to be one of the most important factors in induction of EMT. In this study, we treated the rat intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6) with TGF-β1 as a signaling stimulant. Gross analysis of IEC-6 cells showed typical characteristics of epithelial cells such as cuboidal morphology and cell-cell contact, whereas treatment with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml-1) for 7 days produced robust, spindle-shaped morphology. Immunocytochemistry analysis showed distinct E-cadherin staining in IEC-6 cells, but weak and faint in EMT cells. EMT cells showed positive expression of α-SMA and tenascin-C but IEC-6 cells did not. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that myosin light chain kinase and C-kinase potentiated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor (CPI-17) mRNAs were significantly upregulated in EMT cells. Immunocytochemistry analysis also showed that EMT cells strongly expressed CPI-17 but IEC-6 cells did not. A collagen gel contraction assay revealed that EMT cells had greatly increased contraction compared with control cells. These results suggest that the increased contractile activity induced by TGF-β in EMT cells may be attributable to the upregulation of molecules responsible for myosin phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shoma Mikawa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Moriaki Kusabe
- Development of Advanced Technology Laboratory Research Center for Food Safety, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Ge J, Han T, Li X, Shan L, Zhang J, Hong Y, Xia Y, Wang J, Hou M. S-adenosyl methionine regulates calcium channels and inhibits uterine smooth muscle contraction in rats with infectious premature delivery through the transient receptor protein 3/protein kinase Cβ/C-kinase-activated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor of 17 kDa signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:103-112. [PMID: 29896230 PMCID: PMC5995051 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) on infectious premature inflammatory factors and uterine contraction, and to further explore its mechanism of action via the transient receptor protein 3 (TRPC3)/protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ)/C-kinase-activated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor of 17 kDa (CPI-17) signaling pathway, following intervention by a TRPC3 inhibitor. A rat model of premature delivery induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established. Following treatment with SAMe and inhibiting TRPC3 expression, rat serum and uterus were isolated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the uterus. Uterine muscle strips in vitro were selected to measure the changes in muscle tension. ELISA was utilized to measure the changes in serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress indexes. Immunohistochemistry, western blot assay and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect calcium channel protein expression in the uterus. Western blot analysis was employed to measure the expression of TRPC3/PKCβ/CPI-17 signaling pathway-related proteins. TRPC3 was highly expressed in the uterus of rat models of premature delivery induced by LPS. Following treatment with SAMe, inflammatory cell infiltration markedly reduced in the uterus and the tension of in vitro uterine muscle strips significantly decreased. SAMe treatment suppressed inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, and diminished L-type and T-type calcium channel protein expression. TRPC3/PKCβ/CPI-17 signaling pathway-related protein expression was also reduced. When TRPC3 expression was suppressed, the effects of SAMe against inflammation and oxidative stress were diminished. TRPC3/PKCβ/CPI-17 signaling pathway-related protein expression significantly increased. SAMe was able to reduce inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in the uterus of rat model of infectious premature delivery induced by LPS, prolong delivery time, reduce the mortality rate of offspring rats, and serve a therapeutic role. This effect is likely achieved via the regulation of uterine contractions and childbirth through the TRPC3/PKCβ/CPI-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Maternity, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Lili Shan
- Department of Maternity, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jinhuan Zhang
- Department of Maternity, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Maternity, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Xia
- Department of Maternity, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Maternity, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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Yang Q, Fujii W, Kaji N, Kakuta S, Kada K, Kuwahara M, Tsubone H, Ozaki H, Hori M. The essential role of phospho‐T38 CPI‐17 in the maintenance of physiological blood pressure using genetically modified mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:2095-2109. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700794r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qunhui Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Noriyuki Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kodai Kada
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masayoshi Kuwahara
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hirokazu Tsubone
- Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, and Research Center for Food SafetyGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Eto M, Kitazawa T. Diversity and plasticity in signaling pathways that regulate smooth muscle responsiveness: Paradigms and paradoxes for the myosin phosphatase, the master regulator of smooth muscle contraction. J Smooth Muscle Res 2018; 53:1-19. [PMID: 28260704 PMCID: PMC5364378 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.53.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of smooth muscle cells is their ability to adapt their functions to meet temporal and chronic fluctuations in their demands. These functions include force development and growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the functional plasticity of smooth muscles, the major constituent of organ walls, is fundamental to elucidating pathophysiological rationales of failures of organ functions. Also, the knowledge is expected to facilitate devising innovative strategies that more precisely monitor and normalize organ functions by targeting individual smooth muscles. Evidence has established a current paradigm that the myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) is a master regulator of smooth muscle responsiveness to stimuli. Cellular MLCP activity is negatively and positively regulated in response to G-protein activation and cAMP/cGMP production, respectively, through the MYPT1 regulatory subunit and an endogenous inhibitor protein named CPI-17. In this article we review the outcomes from two decade of research on the CPI-17 signaling and discuss emerging paradoxes in the view of signaling pathways regulating smooth muscle functions through MLCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Eto
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA19107, USA
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Hagel C, Dornblut C, Schulz A, Wiehl U, Friedrich RE, Huckhagel T, Mautner VF, Morrison H. The putative oncogene CPI-17 is up-regulated in schwannoma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 42:664-668. [PMID: 27248983 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hagel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Dornblut
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - U Wiehl
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - R E Friedrich
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Huckhagel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V-F Mautner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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13
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Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and their naturally occurring inhibitors: current topics in smooth muscle physiology and chemical biology. J Physiol Sci 2017; 68:1-17. [PMID: 28681362 PMCID: PMC5754374 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are the most ubiquitous and abundant serine/threonine phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. They play fundamental roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. This review focuses on recent advances in the functional studies of these enzymes in the field of smooth muscle physiology. Many naturally occurring protein phosphatase inhibitors with different relative PP1/PP2A affinities have been discovered and are widely used as powerful research tools. Current topics in the chemical biology of PP1/PP2A inhibitors are introduced and discussed, highlighting the identification of the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of calyculin A in a symbiont microorganism of a marine sponge.
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14
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Horváth D, Tamás I, Sipos A, Darula Z, Bécsi B, Nagy D, Iván J, Erdődi F, Lontay B. Myosin phosphatase and RhoA-activated kinase modulate neurotransmitter release by regulating SNAP-25 of SNARE complex. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177046. [PMID: 28486561 PMCID: PMC5423623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of neuronal proteins plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Myosin phosphatase holoenzyme (MP) consists of a protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) catalytic subunit (PP1c) and a regulatory subunit, termed myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1). The primary function of MP is to regulate the phosphorylation level of contractile proteins; however, recent studies have shown that MP is localized to neurons, and is also involved in the mediation of neuronal processes. Our goal was to investigate the effect of RhoA-activated kinase (ROK) and MP on the phosphorylation of one potential neuronal substrate, the synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25). SNAP-25 is a member of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, along with synaptobrevin and syntaxin, and the primary role of SNAP25 is to mediate vesicle fusion. We showed that MYPT1 interacts with SNAP-25, as revealed by immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance based binding studies. Mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro phosphorylation/dephosphorylation assays demonstrated that ROK phosphorylates, while MP dephosphorylates, SNAP-25 at Thr138. Silencing MYPT1 in B50 neuroblastoma cells increased phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138. Inhibition of PP1 with tautomycetin increased, whereas inhibition of ROK by H1152, decreased the phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138 in B50 cells, in cortical synaptosomes, and in brain slices. In response to the transduction of the MP inhibitor, kinase-enhanced PP1 inhibitor (KEPI), into synaptosomes, an increase in phosphorylation of SNAP-25 and a decrease in the extent of neurotransmitter release were detected. The interaction between SNAP-25 and syntaxin increased with decreasing phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138, upon inhibition of ROK. Our data suggest that ROK/MP play a crucial role in vesicle trafficking, fusion, and neurotransmitter release by oppositely regulating the phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Thr138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Horváth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Tamás
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Proteomics Research Group, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Bécsi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dénes Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Iván
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lontay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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15
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Filter JJ, Williams BC, Eto M, Shalloway D, Goldberg ML. Unfair competition governs the interaction of pCPI-17 with myosin phosphatase (PP1-MYPT1). eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28387646 PMCID: PMC5441869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The small phosphoprotein pCPI-17 inhibits myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP). Current models postulate that during muscle relaxation, phosphatases other than MLCP dephosphorylate and inactivate pCPI-17 to restore MLCP activity. We show here that such hypotheses are insufficient to account for the observed rapidity of pCPI-17 inactivation in mammalian smooth muscles. Instead, MLCP itself is the critical enzyme for pCPI-17 dephosphorylation. We call the mutual sequestration mechanism through which pCPI-17 and MLCP interact inhibition by unfair competition: MLCP protects pCPI-17 from other phosphatases, while pCPI-17 blocks other substrates from MLCP’s active site. MLCP dephosphorylates pCPI-17 at a slow rate that is, nonetheless, both sufficient and necessary to explain the speed of pCPI-17 dephosphorylation and the consequent MLCP activation during muscle relaxation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24665.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Filter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Byron C Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - David Shalloway
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Michael L Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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16
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Rouhiainen A, Zhao X, Vanttola P, Qian K, Kulesskiy E, Kuja-Panula J, Gransalke K, Grönholm M, Unni E, Meistrich M, Tian L, Auvinen P, Rauvala H. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32960. [PMID: 27608812 PMCID: PMC5036535 DOI: 10.1038/srep32960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB4 is a new member in the family of HMGB proteins that has been characterized in sperm cells, but little is known about its functions in somatic cells. Here we show that HMGB4 and the highly similar rat Transition Protein 4 (HMGB4L1) are expressed in neuronal cells. Both proteins had slow mobility in nucleus of living NIH-3T3 cells. They interacted with histones and their differential expression in transformed cells of the nervous system altered the post-translational modification statuses of histones in vitro. Overexpression of HMGB4 in HEK 293T cells made cells more susceptible to cell death induced by topoisomerase inhibitors in an oncology drug screening array and altered variant composition of histone H3. HMGB4 regulated over 800 genes in HEK 293T cells with a p-value ≤0.013 (n = 3) in a microarray analysis and displayed strongest association with adhesion and histone H2A –processes. In neuronal and transformed cells HMGB4 regulated the expression of an oligodendrocyte marker gene PPP1R14a and other neuronal differentiation marker genes. In conclusion, our data suggests that HMGB4 is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Rouhiainen
- Neuroscience center, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Neuroscience center, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kui Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Evgeny Kulesskiy
- Neuroscience center, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Emmanual Unni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marvin Meistrich
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Neuroscience center, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Zhao Y, Shapiro SS, Eto M. F-actin clustering and cell dysmotility induced by the pathological W148R missense mutation of filamin B at the actin-binding domain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C89-98. [PMID: 26491051 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00274.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Filamin B (FLNB) is a dimeric actin-binding protein that orchestrates the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Congenital mutations of FLNB at the actin-binding domain (ABD) are known to cause abnormalities of skeletal development, such as atelosteogenesis types I and III and Larsen's syndrome, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using fluorescence microscopy, we characterized the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in cells expressing each of six pathological FLNB mutants that have been linked to skeletal abnormalities. The subfractionation assay showed a greater accumulation of the FLNB ABD mutants W148R and E227K than the wild-type protein to the cytoskeleton. Ectopic expression of FLNB-W148R and, to a lesser extent, FLNB-E227K induced prominent F-actin accumulations and the consequent rearrangement of focal adhesions, myosin II, and septin filaments and results in a delayed directional migration of the cells. The W148R protein-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement was partially attenuated by the inhibition of myosin II, p21-activated protein kinase, or Rho-associated protein kinase. The expression of a single-head ABD fragment with the mutations partially mimicked the rearrangement induced by the dimer. The F-actin clustering through the interaction with the mutant FLNB ABD may limit the cytoskeletal reorganization, preventing normal skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtong Zhao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandor S Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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