1
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Borden KLB. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E unexpectedly acts in splicing thereby coupling mRNA processing with translation: eIF4E induces widescale splicing reprogramming providing system-wide connectivity between splicing, nuclear mRNA export and translation. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300145. [PMID: 37926700 PMCID: PMC11021180 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings position the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E as a novel modulator of mRNA splicing, a process that impacts the form and function of resultant proteins. eIF4E physically interacts with the spliceosome and with some intron-containing transcripts implying a direct role in some splicing events. Moreover, eIF4E drives the production of key components of the splicing machinery underpinning larger scale impacts on splicing. These drive eIF4E-dependent reprogramming of the splicing signature. This work completes a series of studies demonstrating eIF4E acts in all the major mRNA maturation steps whereby eIF4E drives production of the RNA processing machinery and escorts some transcripts through various maturation steps. In this way, eIF4E couples the mRNA processing-export-translation axis linking nuclear mRNA processing to cytoplasmic translation. eIF4E elevation is linked to worse outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia patients where these activities are dysregulated. Understanding these effects provides new insight into post-transcriptional control and eIF4E-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. B. Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
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2
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Assouline S, Gasiorek J, Bergeron J, Lambert C, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Cocolakis E, Zakaria C, Szlachtycz D, Yee K, Borden KLB. Molecular targeting of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in high-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patients: a randomized phase II trial of vismodegib, ribavirin with or without decitabine. Haematologica 2023; 108:2946-2958. [PMID: 36951168 PMCID: PMC10620574 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance underpins poor outcomes in many malignancies including refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML). Glucuronidation is a common mechanism of drug inactivation impacting many AML therapies, e.g., cytarabine, decitabine, azacytidine and venetoclax. In AML cells, the capacity for glucuronidation arises from increased production of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) enzymes. UGT1A elevation was first observed in AML patients who relapsed after response to ribavirin, a drug used to target the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, and subsequently in patients who relapsed on cytarabine. UGT1A elevation resulted from increased expression of the sonic-hedgehog transcription factor GLI1. Vismodegib inhibited GLI1, decreased UGT1A levels, reduced glucuronidation of ribavirin and cytarabine, and re-sensitized cells to these drugs. Here, we examined if UGT1A protein levels, and thus glucuronidation activity, were targetable in humans and if this corresponded to clinical response. We conducted a phase II trial using vismodegib with ribavirin, with or without decitabine, in largely heavily pre-treated patients with high-eIF4E AML. Pre-therapy molecular assessment of patients' blasts indicated highly elevated UGT1A levels relative to healthy volunteers. Among patients with partial response, blast response or prolonged stable disease, vismodegib reduced UGT1A levels, which corresponded to effective targeting of eIF4E by ribavirin. In all, our studies are the first to demonstrate that UGT1A protein, and thus glucuronidation, are targetable in humans. These studies pave the way for the development of therapies that impair glucuronidation, one of the most common drug deactivation modalities. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02073838.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Assouline
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2.
| | - Jadwiga Gasiorek
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Julie Bergeron
- CEMTL installation Maisonneuve Rosemont, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal H1T 2M4
| | - Caroline Lambert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Eftihia Cocolakis
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2
| | - Chadi Zakaria
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2
| | - David Szlachtycz
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2
| | - Karen Yee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec.
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3
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Gao X, Jin Y, Zhu W, Wu X, Wang J, Guo C. Regulation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E as a Potential Anticancer Strategy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12678-12696. [PMID: 37725577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are highly expressed in cancer cells, especially eIF4E, the central regulatory node driving cancer cell growth and a potential target for anticancer drugs. eIF4E-targeting strategies primarily focus on inhibiting eIF4E synthesis, interfering with eIF4E/eIF4G interactions, and targeting eIF4E phosphorylation and peptide inhibitors. Although some small-molecule inhibitors are in clinical trials, no eIF4E inhibitors are available for clinical use. We provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of eIF4E and summarize the progress in developing and discovering eIF4E inhibitor strategies. We propose that interference with eIF4E/eIF4G interactions will provide a new perspective for the design of eIF4E inhibitors and may be a preferred strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yonglong Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wenyong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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4
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Ekaterina Z, Daria S, Lyubov G, Ekaterina M, Varvara M, Diana G, Andrey M, Ekaterina L. Synthetic 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3478-3487. [PMID: 38083885 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275084231202153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies demonstrate the efficacy of ribavirin against various cancer types in in vitro and in vivo models. However, ribavirin induces the development of multiple side effects, suggesting a high demand for ribavirin analogues with improved therapeutic indexes. OBJECTIVE This study was focused on the analysis of ribavirin, its aglycon 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, and several of its derivatives activities in blood cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Four 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated in chronic myeloid leukemia cells К562 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells CCRF-SB as well as in the cells of whole blood mononuclear fraction of healthy volunteers by cell counting using the trypan blue exclusion method. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis under the influence of the compounds were analyzed by flow cytometry with PI staining, and then apoptosis data were confirmed by Western blot analysis for PARP1 and caspase-3 cleavage. RESULTS We demonstrated the significant antiproliferative effect of 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3- carboxamide and 1-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide in leukemia cell lines in vitro in comparison to non-transformed monocytes, providing the rationale for further studies of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as anti-leukemia drugs. CONCLUSION These results implied that the 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives exhibited their antiproliferative activities by induction of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide may present antimetabolites with potential anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidkova Ekaterina
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Stepanycheva Daria
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Grebenkina Lyubov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Mikhina Ekaterina
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Maksimova Varvara
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Grigoreva Diana
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Matveev Andrey
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Lesovaya Ekaterina
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol'tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
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Borden KL. Cancer cells hijack RNA processing to rewrite the message. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1447-1456. [PMID: 36282006 PMCID: PMC9704515 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Typically, cancer is thought to arise due to DNA mutations, dysregulated transcription and/or aberrant signalling. Recently, it has become clear that dysregulated mRNA processing, mRNA export and translation also contribute to malignancy. RNA processing events result in major modifications to the physical nature of mRNAs such as the addition of the methyl-7-guanosine cap, the removal of introns and the addition of polyA tails. mRNA processing is a critical determinant for the protein-coding capacity of mRNAs since these physical changes impact the efficiency by which a given transcript can be exported to the cytoplasm and translated into protein. While many of these mRNA metabolism steps were considered constitutive housekeeping activities, they are now known to be highly regulated with combinatorial and multiplicative impacts i.e. one event will influence the capacity to undergo others. Furthermore, alternative splicing and/or cleavage and polyadenylation can produce transcripts with alternative messages and new functionalities. The coordinated processing of groups of functionally related RNAs can potently re-wire signalling pathways, modulate survival pathways and even re-structure the cell. As postulated by the RNA regulon model, combinatorial regulation of these groups is achieved by the presence of shared cis-acting elements (known as USER codes) which recruit machinery for processing, export or translation. In all, dysregulated RNA metabolism in cancer gives rise to an altered proteome that in turn elicits biological responses related to malignancy. Studies of these events in cancer revealed new mechanisms underpinning malignancies and unearthed novel therapeutic opportunities. In all, cancer cells coopt RNA processing, export and translation to support their oncogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L.B. Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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6
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Borden K. The search for genetic dark matter and lessons learned from the journey. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:276-281. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, I describe our scientific journey to unearth the impact of RNA metabolism in cancer using the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E as an exemplar. This model allowed us to discover new structural, biochemical, and molecular features of RNA processing, and to reveal their substantial impact on cell physiology. This led us to develop proof-of-principle strategies to target these pathways in cancer patients leading to clinical benefit. I discuss the important role that the unexpected plays in research and the necessity of embracing the data even when it clashes with dogma. I also touch on the importance of equity, diversity and inclusion to the success of the scientific enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Borden
- University of Montreal, 5622, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Qin T, Cheng Y, Wang X. RNA-binding proteins as drivers of AML and novel therapeutic targets. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1045-1057. [PMID: 35075986 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2008381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of genetically complex and heterogeneous invasive hematological malignancies with a low 5-year overall survival rate of 30%, which highlights the urgent need for improved treatment measures. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the abundance of isoforms of related proteins by regulating RNA splicing, translation, stability, and localization, thereby affecting cell differentiation and self-renewal. It is increasingly believed that RBPs are essential for normal hematopoiesis, and RBPs play a key role in hematological tumors, especially AML, by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In addition, targeting an RBP that is significantly related to AML can trigger the apoptosis of leukemic stem cells or promote the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells by modulating the expression of important pathway regulatory factors such as HOXA9, MYC, and CDKN1A. Accordingly, RBPs involved in normal myeloid differentiation and the occurrence of AML may represent promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Qin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Mars JC, Ghram M, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Borden KLB. The Cap-Binding Complex CBC and the Eukaryotic Translation Factor eIF4E: Co-Conspirators in Cap-Dependent RNA Maturation and Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6185. [PMID: 34944805 PMCID: PMC8699206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of RNA into protein is a dynamic process which is heavily regulated during normal cell physiology and can be dysregulated in human malignancies. Its dysregulation can impact selected groups of RNAs, modifying protein levels independently of transcription. Integral to their suitability for translation, RNAs undergo a series of maturation steps including the addition of the m7G cap on the 5' end of RNAs, splicing, as well as cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA). Importantly, each of these steps can be coopted to modify the transcript signal. Factors that bind the m7G cap escort these RNAs through different steps of maturation and thus govern the physical nature of the final transcript product presented to the translation machinery. Here, we describe these steps and how the major m7G cap-binding factors in mammalian cells, the cap binding complex (CBC) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, are positioned to chaperone transcripts through RNA maturation, nuclear export, and translation in a transcript-specific manner. To conceptualize a framework for the flow and integration of this genetic information, we discuss RNA maturation models and how these integrate with translation. Finally, we discuss how these processes can be coopted by cancer cells and means to target these in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Clement Mars
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Ghram
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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9
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The Nuclear Pore Complex and mRNA Export in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010042. [PMID: 33375634 PMCID: PMC7796397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is a key regulatory step in the expression of proteins. mRNAs are transported through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Export of mRNAs responds to a variety of cellular stimuli and stresses. Revelations of the specific effects elicited by NPC components and associated co-factors provides a molecular basis for the export of selected RNAs, independent of bulk mRNA export. Aberrant RNA export has been observed in primary human cancer specimens. These cargo RNAs encode factors involved in nearly all facets of malignancy. Indeed, the NPC components involved in RNA export as well as the RNA export machinery can be found to be dysregulated, mutated, or impacted by chromosomal translocations in cancer. The basic mechanisms associated with RNA export with relation to export machinery and relevant NPC components are described. Therapeutic strategies targeting this machinery in clinical trials is also discussed. These findings firmly position RNA export as a targetable feature of cancer along with transcription and translation.
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10
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Borden KLB, Volpon L. The diversity, plasticity, and adaptability of cap-dependent translation initiation and the associated machinery. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1239-1251. [PMID: 32496897 PMCID: PMC7549709 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1766179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation is a critical facet of gene expression with important impacts that underlie cellular responses to stresses and environmental cues. Its dysregulation in many diseases position this process as an important area for the development of new therapeutics. The gateway translation factor eIF4E is typically considered responsible for ‘global’ or ‘canonical’ m7G cap-dependent translation. However, eIF4E impacts translation of specific transcripts rather than the entire translatome. There are many alternative cap-dependent translation mechanisms that also contribute to the translation capacity of the cell. We review the diversity of these, juxtaposing more recently identified mechanisms with eIF4E-dependent modalities. We also explore the multiplicity of functions played by translation factors, both within and outside protein synthesis, and discuss how these differentially contribute to their ultimate physiological impacts. For comparison, we discuss some modalities for cap-independent translation. In all, this review highlights the diverse mechanisms that engage and control translation in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L B Borden
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Volpon
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Prutkov AN, Chudinov MV, Matveev AV, Grebenkina LE, Akimov MG, Berezovskaya YV. 5-alkylvinyl-1,2,4-triazole nucleosides: Synthesis and biological evaluation. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:943-963. [PMID: 32126895 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1723624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some 5-substituted ribavirin analogues have a high antiviral and anticancer activity, but their mechanisms of action are obviously not the same as their parent compound. The SAR studies performed on 3 (5)-substituted 1,2,4-triazole nucleosides have shown a high dependency between the structure of the 3 (5)-substituent and the level of antiviral/anticancer activity. The most active substances of the row contain coplanar with the 1,2,4-triazole ring aromatic substituent which is connected by a rigid ethynyl bond. However, the compounds with the trans-vinyl linker also had antiviral activity. We decided to study the antitumor activity of ribavirin analogues with alkyl/aryl vinyl substituents in the 5th position of the 1,2,4-triazole ring. Protected nucleoside analogues with various 5-alkylvinyl substituents were obtained by Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction from the common precursor and converted to the nucleosides. Arylvinyl nucleosides were synthesised according the reported procedures. All compounds did not show significant antiproliferative activity on several tumour cell lines. Coplanar aromatic motif in the 5-substituent for the anticancer activity manifestation was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Prutkov
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Chudinov
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Matveev
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov E Grebenkina
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Akimov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Berezovskaya
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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12
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Sabat N, Migianu-Griffoni E, Tudela T, Lecouvey M, Kellouche S, Carreiras F, Gallier F, Uziel J, Lubin-Germain N. Synthesis and antitumor activities investigation of a C-nucleoside analogue of ribavirin. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112009. [PMID: 31883488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SRO-91 is a non-natural ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole C-nucleoside obtained by a synthetic sequence involving a C-alkynyl glycosylation mediated by metallic indium and a Huisgen cycloaddition for the construction of the triazole. Its structure is close to the one of ribavirin, a drug presenting a broad-spectrum against viral infections. SRO-91 antitumor activities were investigated on 9 strains of tumor cells and IC50 of the order of 1 μM were obtained on A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and B16F10 skin melanoma cells. In addition, studies of ovarian tumor cell inhibitions show an interesting activity in regard to the need for new drugs for this pathology. Finally, cytotoxicity and mouse toxicity studies reveal a favorable therapeutic index for SRO-91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazarii Sabat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Evelyne Migianu-Griffoni
- Université; Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structure, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), CNRS UMR 7244, 74, rue Marcel, Cachin, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Tiffany Tudela
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe (EA1391), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), University of Cergy-Pontoise, MIR, rue Descartes, 95031, Neuville sur Oise Cedex, France
| | - Marc Lecouvey
- Université; Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structure, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), CNRS UMR 7244, 74, rue Marcel, Cachin, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Sabrina Kellouche
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe (EA1391), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), University of Cergy-Pontoise, MIR, rue Descartes, 95031, Neuville sur Oise Cedex, France
| | - Franck Carreiras
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe (EA1391), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), University of Cergy-Pontoise, MIR, rue Descartes, 95031, Neuville sur Oise Cedex, France
| | - Florian Gallier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Jacques Uziel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Nadège Lubin-Germain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
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13
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Casaos J, Gorelick NL, Huq S, Choi J, Xia Y, Serra R, Felder R, Lott T, Kast RE, Suk I, Brem H, Tyler B, Skuli N. The Use of Ribavirin as an Anticancer Therapeutic: Will It Go Viral? Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1185-1194. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Volpon L, Osborne MJ, Borden KL. Biochemical and Structural Insights into the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:525-535. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190110142438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A major question in cell and cancer biology is concerned with understanding the flow of
information from gene to protein. Indeed, many studies indicate that the proteome can be decoupled
from the transcriptome. A major source of this decoupling is post-transcriptional regulation. The eukaryotic
translation initiation factor eIF4E serves as an excellent example of a protein that can modulate
the proteome at the post-transcriptional level. eIF4E is elevated in many cancers thus highlighting
the relevance of this mode of control to biology. In this review, we provide a brief overview of various
functions of eIF4E in RNA metabolism e.g. in nuclear-cytoplasmic RNA export, translation,
RNA stability and/or sequestration. We focus on the modalities of eIF4E regulation at the biochemical
and particularly structural level. In this instance, we describe not only the importance for the m7Gcap
eIF4E interaction but also of recently discovered non-traditional RNA-eIF4E interactions as well
as cap-independent activities of eIF4E. Further, we describe several distinct structural modalities used
by the cell and some viruses to regulate or co-opt eIF4E, substantially extending the types of proteins
that can regulate eIF4E from the traditional eIF4E-binding proteins (e.g. 4E-BP1 and eIF4G). Finally,
we provide an overview of the results of targeting eIF4E activity in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Volpon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Universite de Montreal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael J. Osborne
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Universite de Montreal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine L.B. Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Universite de Montreal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Targeting EIF4E signaling with ribavirin in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncogene 2018; 38:2241-2262. [PMID: 30478448 PMCID: PMC6440839 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The poor outcomes in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) necessitate new treatments. Here we discover that EIF4E protein is elevated in most cases of infant ALL and test EIF4E targeting by the repurposed antiviral agent ribavirin, which has anticancer properties through EIF4E inhibition, as a potential treatment. We find that ribavirin treatment of actively dividing infant ALL cells on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) at clinically achievable concentrations causes robust proliferation inhibition in proportion with EIF4E expression. Further, we find that ribavirin treatment of KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-R) infant ALL cells and the KMT2A-AFF1 cell line RS4:11 inhibits EIF4E, leading to decreases in oncogenic EIF4E-regulated cell growth and survival proteins. In ribavirin-sensitive KMT2A-R infant ALL cells and RS4:11 cells, EIF4E-regulated proteins with reduced levels of expression following ribavirin treatment include MYC, MCL1, NBN, BCL2 and BIRC5. Ribavirin-treated RS4:11 cells exhibit impaired EIF4E-dependent nuclear to cytoplasmic export and/or translation of the corresponding mRNAs, as well as reduced phosphorylation of the p-AKT1, p-EIF4EBP1, p-RPS6 and p-EIF4E signaling proteins. This leads to an S-phase cell cycle arrest in RS4:11 cells corresponding to the decreased proliferation. Ribavirin causes nuclear EIF4E to re-localize to the cytoplasm in KMT2A-AFF1 infant ALL and RS4:11 cells, providing further evidence for EIF4E inhibition. Ribavirin slows increases in peripheral blasts in KMT2A-R infant ALL xenograft-bearing mice. Ribavirin cooperates with chemotherapy, particularly L-asparaginase, in reducing live KMT2A-AFF1 infant ALL cells in BMSC co-cultures. This work establishes that EIF4E is broadly elevated across infant ALL and that clinically relevant ribavirin exposures have preclinical activity and effectively inhibit EIF4E in KMT2A-R cases, suggesting promise in EIF4E targeting using ribavirin as a means of treatment.
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16
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Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Borden KLB. The Impact of Post-transcriptional Control: Better Living Through RNA Regulons. Front Genet 2018; 9:512. [PMID: 30455716 PMCID: PMC6230556 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, cancer is viewed as a disease driven by genetic mutations and/or epigenetic and transcriptional dysregulation. While these are undoubtedly important drivers, many recent studies highlight the disconnect between the proteome and the genome or transcriptome. At least in part, this disconnect arises as a result of dysregulated RNA metabolism which underpins the altered proteomic landscape observed. Thus, it is important to understand the basic mechanisms governing post-transcriptional control and how these processes can be co-opted to drive cancer cell phenotypes. In some cases, groups of mRNAs that encode protein involved in specific oncogenic processes can be co-regulated at multiple processing levels in order to turn on entire biochemical pathways. Indeed, the RNA regulon model was postulated as a means to understand how cells coordinately regulate transcripts encoding proteins in the same biochemical pathways. In this review, we describe some of the basic mRNA processes that are dysregulated in cancer and the biological impact this has on the cell. This dysregulation can affect networks of RNAs simultaneously thereby underpinning the oncogenic phenotypes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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VENTURI V, MASEK T, POSPISEK M. A Blood Pact: the Significance and Implications of eIF4E on Lymphocytic Leukemia. Physiol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) are implicated in neoplasia, with cumulative evidence pointing to its role in the etiopathogenesis of hematological diseases. As a node of convergence for several oncogenic signaling pathways, eIF4E has attracted a great deal of interest from biologists and clinicians whose efforts have been targeting this translation factor and its biological circuits in the battle against leukemia. The role of eIF4E in myeloid leukemia has been ascertained and drugs targeting its functions have found their place in clinical trials. Little is known, however, about the pertinence of eIF4E to the biology of lymphocytic leukemia and a paucity of literature is available in this regard that prospectively evaluates the topic to guide practice in hematological cancer. A comprehensive analysis on the significance of eIF4E translation factor in the clinical picture of leukemia arises, therefore, as a compelling need. This review presents aspects of eIF4E involvement in the realm of the lymphoblastic leukemia status; translational control of immunological function via eIF4E and the state-of-the-art in drugs will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. POSPISEK
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Zahreddine HA, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Emond A, Pettersson F, Midura R, Lauer M, Del Rincon S, Cali V, Assouline S, Miller WH, Hascall V, Borden KL. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E harnesses hyaluronan production to drive its malignant activity. eLife 2017; 6:29830. [PMID: 29111978 PMCID: PMC5705209 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment provides a functional substratum supporting tumour growth. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of this structure. While the role of HA in malignancy is well-defined, the mechanisms driving its biosynthesis in cancer are poorly understood. We show that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, an oncoprotein, drives HA biosynthesis. eIF4E stimulates production of enzymes that synthesize the building blocks of HA, UDP-Glucuronic acid and UDP-N-Acetyl-Glucosamine, as well as hyaluronic acid synthase which forms the disaccharide chain. Strikingly, eIF4E inhibition alone repressed HA levels as effectively as directly targeting HA with hyaluronidase. Unusually, HA was retained on the surface of high-eIF4E cells, rather than being extruded into the extracellular space. Surface-associated HA was required for eIF4E’s oncogenic activities suggesting that eIF4E potentiates an oncogenic HA program. These studies provide unique insights into the mechanisms driving HA production and demonstrate that an oncoprotein can co-opt HA biosynthesis to drive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ahmad Zahreddine
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Emond
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Filippa Pettersson
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ronald Midura
- Orthopaedic Research Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States
| | - Mark Lauer
- Orthopaedic Research Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States
| | - Sonia Del Rincon
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Valbona Cali
- Orthopaedic Research Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States
| | - Sarit Assouline
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Orthopaedic Research Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States
| | - Katherine Lb Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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19
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Shelton J, Lu X, Hollenbaugh JA, Cho JH, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Metabolism, Biochemical Actions, and Chemical Synthesis of Anticancer Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Base Analogs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14379-14455. [PMID: 27960273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs have been in the clinic for decades to treat both viral pathogens and neoplasms. More than 20% of patients on anticancer chemotherapy have been treated with one or more of these analogs. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and biology of anticancer nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs that are FDA-approved and in clinical development since 2000. We highlight the cellular biology and clinical biology of analogs, drug resistance mechanisms, and compound specificity towards different cancer types. Furthermore, we explore analog syntheses as well as improved and scale-up syntheses. We conclude with a discussion on what might lie ahead for medicinal chemists, biologists, and physicians as they try to improve analog efficacy through prodrug strategies and drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadd Shelton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joseph A Hollenbaugh
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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20
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Borden KLB. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E wears a "cap" for many occasions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:e1220899. [PMID: 28090419 PMCID: PMC5173310 DOI: 10.1080/21690731.2016.1220899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E plays important roles in controlling the composition of the proteome. Indeed, dysregulation of eIF4E is associated with poor prognosis cancers. The traditional view has been that eIF4E acts solely in translation. However, over the last ∼25 years, eIF4E was found in the nucleus where it acts in mRNA export and in the last ∼10 years, eIF4E was found in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies) where it functions in mRNA sequestration and stability. The common biochemical thread for these activities is the ability of eIF4E to bind the 7-methylguanosine cap on the 5′ end of mRNAs. Recently, the possibility that eIF4E directly binds some mRNA elements independently of the cap has also been raised. Importantly, the effects of eIF4E are not genome-wide with a subset of transcripts targeted depending on the presence of specific mRNA elements and context-dependent regulatory factors. Indeed, eIF4E governs RNA regulons through co-regulating the expression of groups of transcripts acting in the same biochemical pathways. In addition, studies over the past ∼15 years indicate that there are multiple strategies that regulatory factors employ to modulate eIF4E activities in context-dependent manners. This perspective focuses on these new findings and incorporates them into a broader model for eIF4E function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal , Montreal, Québec, Canada
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21
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Importin 8 mediates m7G cap-sensitive nuclear import of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:5263-8. [PMID: 27114554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524291113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of oncoproteins is critical for growth homeostasis. Dysregulated trafficking contributes to malignancy, whereas understanding the process can reveal unique therapeutic opportunities. Here, we focus on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a prooncogenic protein highly elevated in many cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Typically, eIF4E is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, where it acts in export and translation of specific methyl 7-guanosine (m(7)G)-capped mRNAs, respectively. Nuclear accumulation of eIF4E in patients who have AML is correlated with increased eIF4E-dependent export of transcripts encoding oncoproteins. The subcellular localization of eIF4E closely correlates with patients' responses. During clinical responses to the m(7)G-cap competitor ribavirin, eIF4E is mainly cytoplasmic. At relapse, eIF4E reaccumulates in the nucleus, leading to elevated eIF4E-dependent mRNA export. We have identified importin 8 as a factor that directly imports eIF4E into the nucleus. We found that importin 8 is highly elevated in untreated patients with AML, leading to eIF4E nuclear accumulation. Importin 8 only imports cap-free eIF4E. Cap-dependent changes to the structure of eIF4E underpin this selectivity. Indeed, m(7)G cap analogs or ribavirin prevents nuclear entry of eIF4E, which mirrors the trafficking phenotypes observed in patients with AML. Our studies also suggest that nuclear entry is important for the prooncogenic activity of eIF4E, at least in this context. These findings position nuclear trafficking of eIF4E as a critical step in its regulation and position the importin 8-eIF4E complex as a novel therapeutic target.
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22
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Development of a nanostabilized biocatalyst using an extremophilic microorganism for ribavirin biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Pankiewicz KW, Felczak K. From ribavirin to NAD analogues and back to ribavirin in search for anticancer agents. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2015-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractRibavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent is used in the clinic alone or in combination with other antivirals and/or interferons. Numerous structural analogues of ribavirin have been developed, among them tiazofurin, which is inactive against viruses but is a potent anticancer drug. Tiazofurin was found to inhibit nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) after metabolic conversion into tiazofurin adenine dinucleotide (TAD), which binds well but could not serve as IMPDH cofactor. TAD showed high selectivity against human IMPDH vs. other cellular dehydrogenases. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was even more specific, binding at the cofactor-binding domain of IMPDH. Ribavirin adenine dinucleotide, however, did not show any significant inhibition at the enzymatic level. We synthesized numerous NAD analogues in which natural nicotinamide riboside was replaced by tiazofurin, MPA moiety, or benzamide riboside, and the adenosine moiety as well as the pyrophosphate linker were broadly modified. Some of these compounds were found to be low nanomolar inhibitors of the enzyme and sub-micromolar inhibitors of cancer cell line proliferation. The best were as potent as tyrosine kinase inhibitor gleevec heralded as a ‘magic bullet’ against chronic myelogenous leukemia. In recent years, ribavirin was rediscovered as a potential anticancer agent against number of tumors including leukemia. It was clearly established that its antitumor activity is related to the inhibition of an oncogene, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof W. Pankiewicz
- 1University of Minnesota Center for Drug Design, MMC 204, 516 Delaware Street NE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Krzysztof Felczak
- 1University of Minnesota Center for Drug Design, MMC 204, 516 Delaware Street NE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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24
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Osborne MJ, Borden KLB. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E in the nucleus: taking the road less traveled. Immunol Rev 2015; 263:210-23. [PMID: 25510279 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is a potent oncogene. Although eIF4E has traditional roles in translation initiation in the cytoplasm, it is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it has activities beyond its role in protein synthesis. The road less traveled has been taken to study these nuclear activities and to understand their contribution to the oncogenic potential of eIF4E. The molecular features and biological pathways underpinning eIF4E's nuclear mRNA export are described. New classes of eIF4E regulators have been identified and their relevance to cancer shown. The studies presented here reveal the molecular, biophysical, and structural bases for eIF4E regulation. Finally, recent clinical work targeting eIF4E in acute myeloid leukemia patients with ribavirin is discussed. In summary, these findings provide a novel paradigm for eIF4E function and the molecular basis for targeting it in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osborne
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer & Dept. of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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25
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Martínez A, Sesé M, Losa JH, Robichaud N, Sonenberg N, Aasen T, Ramón y Cajal S. Phosphorylation of eIF4E Confers Resistance to Cellular Stress and DNA-Damaging Agents through an Interaction with 4E-T: A Rationale for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123352. [PMID: 25923732 PMCID: PMC4414544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is associated with malignant progression and poor cancer prognosis. Accordingly, here we have analyzed the association between eIF4E phosphorylation and cellular resistance to oxidative stress, starvation, and DNA-damaging agents in vitro. Using immortalized and cancer cell lines, retroviral expression of a phosphomimetic (S209D) form of eIF4E, but not phospho-dead (S209A) eIF4E or GFP control, significantly increased cellular resistance to stress induced by DNA-damaging agents (cisplatin), starvation (glucose+glutamine withdrawal), and oxidative stress (arsenite). De novo accumulation of eIF4E-containing cytoplasmic bodies colocalizing with the eIF4E-binding protein 4E-T was observed after expression of phosphomimetic S209D, but not S209A or wild-type eIF4E. Increased resistance to cellular stress induced by eIF4E-S209D was lost upon knockdown of endogenous 4E-T or use of an eIF4E-W73A-S209D mutant unable to bind 4E-T. Cancer cells treated with the Mnk1/2 inhibitor CGP57380 to prevent eIF4E phosphorylation and mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Mnk1/2 knockout mice were also more sensitive to arsenite and cisplatin treatment. Polysome analysis revealed an 80S peak 2 hours after arsenite treatment in cells overexpressing phosphomimetic eIF4E, indicating translational stalling. Nonetheless, a selective increase was observed in the synthesis of some proteins (cyclin D1, HuR, and Mcl-1). We conclude that phosphorylation of eIF4E confers resistance to various cell stressors and that a direct interaction or regulation of 4E-T by eIF4E is required. Further delineation of this process may identify novel therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment, and these results support the use of modern Mnk1/2 inhibitors in conjunction with standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sesé
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nathaniel Robichaud
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Trond Aasen
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (SRC); (TA)
| | - Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- Molecular Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, VHIR, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (SRC); (TA)
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26
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Pettersson F, Del Rincon SV, Emond A, Huor B, Ngan E, Ng J, Dobocan MC, Siegel PM, Miller WH. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of eIF4E reduces breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1102-12. [PMID: 25608710 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The translation initiation factor eIF4E is an oncogene that is commonly overexpressed in primary breast cancers and metastases. In this article, we report that a pharmacologic inhibitor of eIF4E function, ribavirin, safely and potently suppresses breast tumor formation. Ribavirin administration blocked the growth of primary breast tumors in several murine models and reduced the development of lung metastases in an invasive model. Mechanistically, eIF4E silencing or blockade reduced the invasiveness and metastatic capability of breast cancer cells in a manner associated with decreased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9. Furthermore, eIF4E silencing or ribavirin treatment suppressed features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process crucial for metastasis. Our findings offer a preclinical rationale to explore broadening the clinical evaluation of ribavirin, currently being tested in patients with eIF4E-overexpressing leukemia, as a strategy to treat solid tumors such as metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Pettersson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Emond
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bonnie Huor
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elaine Ngan
- Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ng
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monica C Dobocan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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27
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Abstract
Cancer cells rapidly evolve a multitude of defense mechanisms to evade the effects of the oncologist's drug arsenal. Unfortunately, clinical strategies to overcome these lag far behind. This mismatch likely underlies our inability to implement new durable treatment strategies. Here, a new form of multidrug resistance, inducible drug glucuronidation, is discussed. This form was discovered while developing means to target a specific oncogene, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), with its inhibitor ribavirin. In two clinical studies, ribavirin treatment led to substantial clinical responses, but all responding patients eventually relapsed. In most cases, this was due to the overexpression of the sonic hedgehog transcription factor Gli1, which elevated the UDP glucuronsyltransferase UGT1A enzymes. UGT1As add glucuronic acid to many drugs. Indeed, these cells are resistant to not only ribavirin, but also Ara-C, and likely other drugs. Inhibition of Gli1 reduced UGT1As, eliminated drug glucuronides, and renewed sensitivity to ribavirin and Ara-C. These studies highlight that cancer cells and their resistant counterparts metabolize drugs differently from each other as well as from normal cells. Likely, these inducible modifications go beyond glucuronidation. Understanding the extent of inducible drug modifications and the pathways that drive expression of the corresponding enzymatic machinery will better position us to finally make resistance futile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Tran EJ, King MC, Corbett AH. Macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm: Advances in mechanism and emerging links to disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1843:2784-2795. [PMID: 25116306 PMCID: PMC4161953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is critical for the function of all eukaryotic cells. Large macromolecular channels termed nuclear pore complexes that span the nuclear envelope mediate the bidirectional transport of cargoes between the nucleus and cytoplasm. However, the influence of macromolecular trafficking extends past the nuclear pore complex to transcription and RNA processing within the nucleus and signaling pathways that reach into the cytoplasm and beyond. At the Mechanisms of Nuclear Transport biennial meeting held from October 18 to 23, 2013 in Woods Hole, MA, researchers in the field met to report on their recent findings. The work presented highlighted significant advances in understanding nucleocytoplasmic trafficking including how transport receptors and cargoes pass through the nuclear pore complex, the many signaling pathways that impinge on transport pathways, interplay between the nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complexes, and transport pathways, and numerous links between transport pathways and human disease. The goal of this review is to highlight newly emerging themes in nuclear transport and underscore the major questions that are likely to be the focus of future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, Room 141, 201 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 4117 Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Pettersson F, del Rincon SV, Miller WH. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E as a novel therapeutic target in hematological malignancies and beyond. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1035-48. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.937426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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