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Zheng S, An S, Luo Y, Vithran DTA, Yang S, Lu B, Deng Z, Li Y. HYBID in osteoarthritis: Potential target for disease progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115043. [PMID: 37364478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
HYBID is a new hyaluronan-degrading enzyme and exists in various cells of the human body. Recently, HYBID was found to over-express in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. According to these researches, high level of HYBID is significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration in joints and hyaluronic acid degradation in synovial fluid. In addition, HYBID can affect inflammatory cytokine secretion, cartilage and synovium fibrosis, synovial hyperplasia via multiple signaling pathways, thereby exacerbating osteoarthritis. Based on the existing research of HYBID in osteoarthritis, HYBID can break the metabolic balance of HA in joints through the degradation ability independent of HYALs/CD44 system and furthermore affect cartilage structure and mechanotransduction of chondrocytes. In particular, in addition to HYBID itself being able to trigger some signaling pathways, we believe that low-molecular-weight hyaluronan produced by excess degradation can also stimulate some disease-promoting signaling pathways by replacing high-molecular-weight hyaluronan in joints. The specific role of HYBID in osteoarthritis is gradually revealed, and the discovery of HYBID raises the new way to treat osteoarthritis. In this review, the expression and basic functions of HYBID in joints were summarized, and reveal potential role of HYBID as a key target in treatment for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqu Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangbao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zhang J, Nishida Y, Koike H, Ito K, Zhuo L, Nishida K, Kimata K, Ikuta K, Sakai T, Urakawa H, Seki T, Imagama S. Hyaluronan in articular cartilage: Analysis of hip osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis of femoral head. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:307-315. [PMID: 35538609 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) plays crucial roles in the maintenance of high-quality cartilage extracellular matrix. Several studies have reported the HA in synovial fluid in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), but few have described the changes of HA in articular cartilage of OA or idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). KIAA1199 was recently reported to have strong hyaluronidase activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the HA metabolism in OA and ONFH, particularly the involvement of KIAA1199. Immunohistochemical analysis of KIAA1199 and HA deposition was performed for human OA (n = 10), ONFH (n = 10), and control cartilage (n = 7). The concentration and molecular weight (MW) of HA were determined by competitive HA ELISA and Chromatography, respectively. Regarding HA metabolism-related molecules, HAS1, HAS2, HAS3, HYAL1, HYAL2, and KIAA1199 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Histological analysis showed the overexpression of KIAA1199 in OA cartilage, which was accompanied by decreased hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP) staining compared with ONFH and control. Little KIAA1199 expression was observed in cartilage at the collapsed area of ONFH, which was accompanied by a slight decrease in HABP staining. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of HAS2 and KIAA1199 was upregulated in OA cartilage, while the mRNA expression of genes related to HA catabolism in ONFH cartilage showed mostly a downward trend. The MW of HA in OA cartilage increased while that in ONFH cartilage decreased. HA metabolism in ONFH is suggested to be generally indolent, and is activated in OA including high expression of KIAA1199. Interestingly, MW of HA in OA cartilage was not reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kan Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Lisheng Zhuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nishida
- Department of Biostatistics Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Kimata
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ikuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Urakawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Seki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Stellavato A, Restaino OF, Vassallo V, Cassese E, Finamore R, Ruosi C, Schiraldi C. Chondroitin Sulfate in USA Dietary Supplements in Comparison to Pharma Grade Products: Analytical Fingerprint and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Osteoartritic Chondrocytes and Synoviocytes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050737. [PMID: 34067775 PMCID: PMC8156081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GlcN) food supplements (FS), sold in USA against osteoarthritis, might depend on the effective CS and GlcN contents and on the CS structural characteristics. In this paper three USA FS were compared to two pharmaceutical products (Ph). Analyses performed by HPAE-PAD, by HPCE and by SEC-TDA revealed that the CS and GlcN titers were up to −68.8% lower than the contents declared on the labels and that CS of mixed animal origin and variable molecular weights was present together with undesired keratan sulfate. Simulated gastric and intestinal digestions were performed in vitro to evaluate the real CS amount that may reach the gut as biopolymer. Chondrocytes and synoviocytes primary cells derived from human pathological joints were used to assess: cell viability, modulation of the NF-κB, quantification of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP-2), hyaluronate synthase enzyme (HAS-1), pentraxin (PTX-3) and the secreted IL-6 and IL-8 to assess inflammation. Of the three FS tested only one (US FS1) enhanced chondrocytes viability, while all of them supported synoviocytes growth. Although US FS1 proved to be less effective than Ph as it reduced NF-kB, it could not down-regulate COMP-2; HAS-1 was up-regulated but with a lower efficacy. Inflammatory cytokines were markedly reduced by Ph while a slight decrease was only found for US-FS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Odile Francesca Restaino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Cassese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosario Finamore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Carlo Ruosi
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery “Federico II” of Naples, A.O.U. Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-7546
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Alessio N, Stellavato A, Aprile D, Cimini D, Vassallo V, Di Bernardo G, Galderisi U, Schiraldi C. Timely Supplementation of Hydrogels Containing Sulfated or Unsulfated Chondroitin and Hyaluronic Acid Affects Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Commitment Toward Chondrogenic Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641529. [PMID: 33912558 PMCID: PMC8072340 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently used for cartilage cell therapy because of their well proven capacity to differentiate in chondrocytes. The advantage of MSC-based therapy is the possibility of producing a high number of chondrocytes for implants. The transplant procedure, however, has some limitations, since MSCs may produce non-functional chondrocytes. This limit has been challenged by cultivating MSC in media with hydrogels containing hyaluronic acid (HA), extractive chondroitin sulfate (CS), or bio-fermentative unsulphated chondroitin (BC) alone or in combination. Nevertheless, a clear study of the effect of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on chondrocyte differentiation is still lacking, especially for the newly obtained unsulfated chondroitin of biotechnological origin. Are these GAGs playing a role in the commitment of stem cells to chondrocyte progenitors and in the differentiation of progenitors to mature chondrocytes? Alternatively, do they have a role only in one of these biological processes? We evaluated the role of HA, CS, and - above all - BC in cell commitment and chondrocyte differentiation of MSCs by supplementing these GAGs in different phases of in vitro cultivation. Our data provided evidence that a combination of HA and CS or of HA and BC supplemented during the terminal in vitro differentiation and not during cell commitment of MSCs improved chondrocytes differentiation without the presence of fibrosis (reduced expression of Type I collagen). This result suggests that a careful evaluation of extracellular cues for chondrocyte differentiation is fundamental to obtaining a proper maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Aprile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
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Tang Q, Lim T, Shen LY, Zheng G, Wei XJ, Zhang CQ, Zhu ZZ. Well-dispersed platelet lysate entrapped nanoparticles incorporate with injectable PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA triblock for preferable cartilage engineering application. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120605. [PMID: 33360073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelet lysate (PL) as a cost-effective cocktail of growth factors is an emerging ingredient in regenerative medicine, especially in cartilage tissue engineering. However, most studies fail to pay attention to PL's intrinsic characteristics and incorporate it directly with scaffolds or hydrogels by simple mixture. Currently, the particle size distribution of PL was determined to be scattered. Directly introducing PL into a thermosensitive poly(d,l-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) (PLEL) hydrogel disturbed its sol-gel transition. Electrostatic self-assembly heparin (Hep) and ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL) nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated to improve the dispersity of PL. Such PL-NPs-incorporated PLEL gels retained the initial gelling capacity and showed a long-term PL-releasing ability. Moreover, the PL-loaded composite hydrogels inhibited the inflammatory response and dedifferentiation of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. For in vivo applications, the PLEL@PL-NPs system ameliorated the early cartilage degeneration and promoted cartilage repair in the late stage of osteoarthritis. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that PL's protective effects might be associated with modulating hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS-1) expression. Taken together, these results suggest that well-dispersed PL by Hep/EPL NPs is a preferable approach for its incorporation into hydrogels and the constructed PLEL@PL-NPs system is a promising cell-free and stepwise treatment option for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Thou Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li-Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi Road, 325027 Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi Road, 325027 Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wei
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Villas-Boas IM, Pidde G, Lichtenstein F, Ching ATC, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IDLM, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Madureira Trufen CE, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Morais KLP, Tambourgi DV. Human Chondrocyte Activation by Toxins From Premolis semirufa, an Amazon Rainforest Moth Caterpillar: Identifying an Osteoarthritis Signature. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2191. [PMID: 33072083 PMCID: PMC7531038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pararamosis is a disease that occurs due to contact with the hairs of the larval stage of the Brazilian moth Premolis semirufa. Envenomation induces osteoarticular alterations with cartilage impairment that resembles joint synovitis. Thus, the toxic venom present in the caterpillar hairs interferes with the phenotype of the cells present in the joints, resulting in inflammation and promoting tissue injury. Therefore, to address the inflammatory mechanisms triggered by envenomation, we studied the effects of P. semirufa hair extract on human chondrocytes. We have selected for the investigation, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), complement components, eicosanoids, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components related to OA and RA. In addition, for measuring protein-coding mRNAs of some molecules associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reverse transcription (RT) was performed followed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and we performed the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the chondrocytes transcriptome. In the supernatant of cell cultures treated with the extract, we observed increased IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, prostaglandin E2, metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13), and complement system components (C3, C4, and C5). We noticed a significant decrease in both aggrecan and type II collagen and an increase in HMGB1 protein in chondrocytes after extract treatment. RNA-seq analysis of the chondrocyte transcriptome allowed us to identify important pathways related to the inflammatory process of the disease, such as the inflammatory response, chemotaxis of immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Thus, these results suggest that components of Premolis semirufa hair have strong inflammatory potential and are able to induce cartilage degradation and ECM remodeling, promoting a disease with an osteoarthritis signature. Modulation of the signaling pathways that were identified as being involved in this pathology may be a promising approach to develop new therapeutic strategies for the control of pararamosis and other inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Lichtenstein
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Effects of Age and Cell Isolation on Collagen II Synthesis by Articular Chondrocytes: Evidence for Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4060135. [PMID: 32461985 PMCID: PMC7212282 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult articular cartilage synthesises very little type II collagen in comparison to young cartilage. The age-related difference in collagen II synthesis is poorly understood. This is the first systematic investigation of age-related differences in extracellular matrix synthesis in fresh articular cartilage and following isolation of chondrocytes. A histological comparison of 3-year-old skeletally mature and 6-month-old juvenile porcine cartilage was made. Differences in collagen II, aggrecan, and Sox5, 6, and 9 mRNA and protein expression and mRNA stability were measured. Adult cartilage was found to be thinner than juvenile cartilage but with similar chondrocyte density. Procollagen α1(II) and Sox9 mRNA levels were 10-fold and 3-fold reduced in adult cartilage. Sox9 protein was halved and collagen II protein synthesis was almost undetectable and calculated to be at least 30-fold reduced. Aggrecan expression did not differ. Isolation of chondrocytes caused a drop in procollagen α1(II) and Sox9 mRNA in both adult and juvenile cells along with a marked reduction in Sox9 mRNA stability. Interestingly, juvenile chondrocytes continued to synthesise collagen II protein with mRNA levels similar to those seen in adult articular cartilage. Age-related differences in collagen II protein synthesis are due to both transcriptional and posttranscription regulation. A better understanding of these regulatory mechanisms would be an important step in improving current cartilage regeneration techniques.
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Nukaga T, Sakai D, Schol J, Suyama K, Nakai T, Hiyama A, Watanabe M. Minimal Sustainability of Dedifferentiation by ROCK Inhibitor on Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells In Vitro. Spine Surg Relat Res 2019; 3:385-391. [PMID: 31768460 PMCID: PMC6834460 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly associated with low back pain. Cell transplantation has been extensively studied as a treatment option for intervertebral disc degeneration. It is often necessary to perform cell culture prior to cell transplantation; however, during cell expansion, the cells tend to dedifferentiate and lose their potency. Although the ability to suppress dedifferentiation by ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi) has recently been reported for chondrocytes, its effects on nucleus pulposus cells are still largely unknown. Methods Rat nucleus pulposus cells were cultured with or without the addition of ROCKi (Y-27632), and cell proliferation; CD24 positivity; expression of SOX9, COL2A1, Aggrecan, and COL1A1; and cell redifferentiation ability in pellet culture were evaluated. Results Although the addition of ROCKi tended to slightly increase the cell proliferative capacity, no significant differences were observed between treated and untreated conditions. The addition of ROCKi showed a trend of minimally increased COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9 expression. Increases in COL1A1 expression was slightly suppressed by ROCKi. In pellet culture, strong increase in type II collagen deposition was observed by the addition of ROCKi. The addition of ROCKi did not significantly change the levels of CD24 positivity. The supplementation of ROCKi did not significantly enhance nucleus pulposus cell marker expression during monolayer expansion. However, ROCKi addition did result in an increased type II collagen deposition in 3D pellet culture. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest a minimal effect by ROCKi on nucleus pulposus cell phenotype maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nukaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kaori Suyama
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Simvastatin promotes restoration of chondrocyte morphology and phenotype. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:1-11. [PMID: 30776329 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we examined whether the action of simvastatin affects re-differentiation of passaged chondrocytes and if so, whether this was mediated via changes in cholesterol or cholesterol intermediates. Bovine articular chondrocytes, of varying passage number, human knee chondrocytes and rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes were treated with simvastatin and examined for changes in mRNA and protein expression of markers of the chondrocyte phenotype as well as changes in cell shape, proliferation and proteoglycan production. In all three models, while still in monolayer culture, simvastatin treatment alone promoted changes in phenotype and morphology indicative of re-differentiation most prominent being an increase in SOX9 mRNA and protein expression. In passaged bovine chondrocytes, simvastatin stimulated the expression of SOX9, ACAN, BMP2 and inhibited the expression of COL1 and α-smooth muscle actin. Co-treatment of chondrocytes with simvastatin plus exogenous cholesterol-conditions that had previously reversed the inhibition on CD44 shedding, did not alter the effects of simvastatin on re-differentiation. However, the co-treatment of chondrocytes with simvastatin together with other pathway intermediates, mevalonate, geranylgeranylpyrophosphate and to a lesser extent, farnesylpyrophosphate, blocked the pro-differentiation effects of simvastatin. Treatment with simvastatin stimulated expression of SOX9 and COL2a and enhanced SOX9 protein in human OA chondrocytes. The co-treatment of OA chondrocytes with mevalonate or geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, but not cholesterol, blocked the simvastatin effects. These results lead us to conclude that the blocking of critical protein prenylation events is required for the positive effects of simvastatin on the re-differentiation of chondrocytes.
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Zhang HF, Wang CG, Li H, Huang YT, Li ZJ. Intra-articular platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:445-453. [PMID: 29551888 PMCID: PMC5842781 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s156724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been increasingly used in recent years to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, whether PRP is superior to HA is controversial. Methods We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane library. The pooled data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1. Results Three prospective and ten randomized trials were identified. PRP injections reduced pain more effectively than HA injections in OA of the knee at 6 months (mean difference [MD]=−14.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −26.12 to −2.23; P=0.02; I2=95%) and 12 months (MD=−15.25; 95% CI: −22.17 to −8.32; P<0.01; I2=81%) of follow-up evaluated by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score, while the VAS showed no significant difference at 3 months (MD=−0.98; 95% CI: −2.55 to 0.59; P=0.22; I2=90%) and 6 months (MD=−0.82; 95% CI: −1.80 to 0.16; P=0.1; I2=83%). Additionally, similar results were observed for the function recovery according to the WOMAC function score and EuroQol-visual analog scales. Conclusion The intra-articular injection of PRP was not obviously superior to HA in knee OA. Due to the limited quality and data of the evidence currently available, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Guang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Cancer & Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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The pericellular hyaluronan of articular chondrocytes. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:32-46. [PMID: 29425696 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The story of hyaluronan in articular cartilage, pericellular hyaluronan in particular, essentially is also the story of aggrecan. Without properly tethered aggrecan, the load bearing function of cartilage is compromised. The anchorage of aggrecan to the cell surface only occurs due to the binding of aggrecan to hyaluronan-with hyaluronan tethered either to a hyaluronan synthase or by multivalent binding to CD44. In this review, details of hyaluronan synthesis are discussed including how HAS2 production of hyaluronan is necessary for normal chondrocyte development and matrix assembly, how an abundance or deficit of pericellular hyaluronan alters chondrocyte metabolism, and whether hyaluronan size matters or changes with aging or disease. The biomechanical role and matrix assembly function of hyaluronan in addition to the functions of hyaluronidases are discussed. The turnover of hyaluronan is considered including mechanisms by which its turnover, at least in part, is mediated by endocytosis by chondrocytes and regulated by aggrecan degradation. Differences between turnover and clearance of newly synthesized hyaluronan and aggrecan versus the half-life of hyaluronan remaining within the inter-territorial matrix of cartilage are discussed. The release of neutral pH-acting hyaluronidase activity remains one unanswered question concerning the loss of cartilage hyaluronan in osteoarthritis. Signaling events driven by changes in hyaluronan-chondrocyte interactions may involve a chaperone function of CD44 with other receptors/cofactors as well as the changes in hyaluronan production functioning as a metabolic rheostat.
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12
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Osteoarthritis-derived chondrocytes are a potential source of multipotent progenitor cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:469-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Radossi P, Rajendran S, Dalzoppo D, Bortolami M, Bagno A, Grandi F, Gamba PG, Parnigotto PP, Tagariello G, Grandi C. Autologous chondrocytes as a novel source for neo-chondrogenesis in haemophiliacs. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:51-61. [PMID: 27130570 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilic arthropathy is the major cause of disability in patients with haemophilia and, despite prophylaxis with coagulation factor concentrates, some patients still develop articular complications. We evaluate the feasibility of a tissue engineering approach to improve current clinical strategies for cartilage regeneration in haemophiliacs by using autologous chondrocytes (haemophilic chondrocytes; HaeCs). Little is known about articular chondrocytes from haemophilic patients and no characterisation has as yet been performed. An investigation into whether blood exposure alters HaeCs should be interesting from the perspective of autologous implants. The typical morphology and expression of specific target genes and surface markers were therefore assessed by optical microscopy, reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and flow-cytometry. We then considered chondrocyte behaviour on a bio-hybrid scaffold (based on polyvinyl alcohol/Wharton's jelly) as an in vitro model of articular cartilage prosthesis. Articular chondrocytes from non-haemophilic donors were used as controls. HaeC morphology and the resulting immunophenotype CD44(+)/CD49c(+)/CD49e(+)/CD151(+)/CD73(+)/CD49f(-)/CD26(-) resembled those of healthy donors. Moreover, HaeCs were active in the transcription of genes involved in the synthesis of the extracellular matrix proteins of the articular cartilage (ACAN, COL1A, COL2A, COL10A, COL9A, COMP, HAS1, SOX9), although the over-expression of COL1A1, COL10A1, COMP and HAS was observed. In parallel, the composite scaffold showed adequate mechanical and biological properties for cartilage tissue engineering, promoting chondrocyte proliferation. Our preliminary evidence contributes to the characterisation of HaeCs, highlighting the opportunity of using them for autologous cartilage implants in patients with haemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUS, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUS, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Radossi
- Haematology and Haemophilia Centre, Castelfranco Veneto, Italy
| | - Senthilkumar Rajendran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Bortolami
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Bagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Grandi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Gamba
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Grandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy. .,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (TES) ONLUS, Padua, Italy.
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Huang Y, Askew EB, Knudson CB, Knudson W. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of HAS2 in rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes demonstrates the requirement of hyaluronan for aggrecan retention. Matrix Biol 2016; 56:74-94. [PMID: 27094859 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) plays an essential role in cartilage where it functions to retain aggrecan. Previous studies have suggested that aggrecan is anchored indirectly to the plasma membrane of chondrocytes via its binding to cell-associated HA. However, reagents used to test these observations such as hyaluronidase and HA oligosaccharides are short term and may have side activities that complicate interpretation. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach, a model system was developed by generating HA-deficient chondrocyte cell lines. HA synthase-2 (Has2)-specific single guide RNA was introduced into two different variant lines of rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes; knockout clones were isolated and characterized. Two other members of the HA synthase gene family were expressed at very low relative copy number but showed no compensatory response in the Has2 knockouts. Wild type chondrocytes of both variants exhibited large pericellular matrices or coats extending from the plasma membrane. Addition of purified aggrecan monomer expanded the size of these coats as the proteoglycan became retained within the pericellular matrix. Has2 knockout chondrocytes lost all capacity to assemble a particle-excluding pericellular matrix and more importantly, no matrices formed around the knockout cells following the addition of purified aggrecan. When grown as pellet cultures so as to generate a bioengineered neocartilage tissue, the Has2 knockout chondrocytes assumed a tightly-compacted morphology as compared to the wild type cells. When knockout chondrocytes were transduced with Adeno-ZsGreen1-mycHas2, the cell-associated pericellular matrices were restored including the capacity to bind and incorporate additional exogenous aggrecan into the matrix. These results suggest that HA is essential for aggrecan retention and maintaining cell separation during tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Emily B Askew
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Cheryl B Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Warren Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, The Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Seidl CI, Martinez-Sanchez A, Murphy CL. Derepression of MicroRNA-138 Contributes to Loss of the Human Articular Chondrocyte Phenotype. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:398-409. [PMID: 26359943 DOI: 10.1002/art.39428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of microRNA-138 (miR-138) in human articular chondrocytes (HACs). METHODS The expression of miR-138 in intact cartilage and cultured chondrocytes and the effects of miR-138 overexpression on chondrocyte marker genes were investigated. Targets of miR-138 relevant to chondrocytes were identified and verified by overexpression of synthetic miRNA mimics and inhibitors, luciferase assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and RNA immunoprecipitation of native argonaute 2, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and luciferase assays. RESULTS Expression levels of miR-138 were maintained at relatively low levels in intact human cartilage but were greatly increased upon loss of the differentiated phenotype in culture, with a concomitant decrease in the major cartilage extracellular matrix component COL2A1. We showed that miR-138 is able to repress the expression of COL2A1 by directly targeting Sp-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), 2 transcription factors that are essential for COL2A1 transcription. We further demonstrated a direct association of these targets with miR-138 in the RNA-induced silencing complex and confirmed binding of Sp-1 to the COL2A1 promoter region in HACs. CONCLUSION We propose that an evolutionary pressure helps to suppress expression levels of miR-138 in human cartilage, thus enabling expression of appropriate tissue-specific matrix genes. Inhibition of miR-138 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to maintain the chondrocyte phenotype or reduce the progression of dedifferentiation in cultured HACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine I Seidl
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Modulation of Hyaluronan Synthesis by the Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:640218. [PMID: 26273306 PMCID: PMC4529975 DOI: 10.1155/2015/640218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are considered a good source for cellular therapy in cartilage repair. But, their potential to repair the extracellular matrix, in an osteoarthritic environment, is still controversial. In osteoarthritis (OA), anti-inflammatory action and extracellular matrix production are important steps for cartilage healing. This study examined the interaction of BM-MSC and OA-chondrocyte on the production of hyaluronan and inflammatory cytokines in a Transwell system. We compared cocultured BM-MSCs and OA-chondrocytes with the individually cultured controls (monocultures). There was a decrease in BM-MSCs cell count in coculture with OA-chondrocytes when compared to BM-MSCs alone. In monoculture, BM-MSCs produced higher amounts of hyaluronan than OA-chondrocytes and coculture of BM-MSCs with OA-chondrocytes increased hyaluronan production per cell. Hyaluronan synthase-1 mRNA expression was upregulated in BM-MSCs after coculture with OA-chondrocytes, whereas hyaluronidase-1 was downregulated. After coculture, lower IL-6 levels were detected in BM-MSCs compared with OA-chondrocytes. These results indicate that, in response to coculture with OA-chondrocytes, BM-MSCs change their behavior by increasing production of hyaluronan and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. Our results indicate that BM-MSCs per se could be a potential tool for OA regenerative therapy, exerting short-term effects on the local microenvironment even when cell:cell contact is not occurring.
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Piva R, Lambertini E, Manferdini C, Capanni C, Penolazzi L, Gabusi E, Paolella F, Lolli A, Angelozzi M, Lattanzi G, Lisignoli G. Slug transcription factor and nuclear Lamin B1 are upregulated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1226-30. [PMID: 25797039 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To contribute to clarify molecular mechanisms supporting senescence and de-differentiation of chondrocytes in chondrocyte pathologies such as osteoarthritis (OA). Specifically, we investigated the relationship between the nuclear lamina protein Lamin B1 and the negative regulator of chondrogenesis Slug transcription factor in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. METHODS Lamin B1 and Slug proteins were analyzed in cartilage explants from normal subjects and OA patients by immunohistochemical technique. Their expression was confirmed on isolated chondrocytes both at passage 0 and passage 2 (de-differentiated chondrocytes) by immunofluorescence and western blot. Subsequently, we explored the "in vivo" binding of Slug on LMNB1 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). RESULTS In this study we demonstrated that nuclear lamina protein Lamin B1 and anti-chondrogenic Slug transcription factor are upregulated in cartilage and OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, we found that Slug is "in vivo" recruited by LMNB1 gene promoter mostly when chondrocytes undergo de-differentiation or OA degeneration. CONCLUSIONS We described for the first time a potential regulatory role of Slug on the LMNB1 gene expression in OA chondrocytes. These findings may have important implications for the study of premature senescence, and degeneration of cartilage, and may contribute to develop effective therapeutic strategies against signals supporting cartilage damage in different subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - E Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Manferdini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IOR, Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio RAMSES, IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Capanni
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, and CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Gabusi
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - A Lolli
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Lattanzi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, and CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IOR, Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio RAMSES, IOR, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Ito A, Nagai M, Tajino J, Yamaguchi S, Iijima H, Zhang X, Aoyama T, Kuroki H. Culture temperature affects human chondrocyte messenger RNA expression in monolayer and pellet culture systems. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128082. [PMID: 26010859 PMCID: PMC4444092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy has been explored for articular cartilage regeneration. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a promising cell-based technique for repairing articular cartilage defects. However, there are several issues such as chondrocyte de-differentiation. While numerous studies have been designed to overcome some of these issues, only a few have focused on the thermal environment that can affect chondrocyte metabolism and phenotype. In this study, the effects of different culture temperatures on human chondrocyte metabolism- and phenotype-related gene expression were investigated in 2D and 3D environments. Human chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer or in a pellet culture system at three different culture temperatures (32°C, 37°C, and 41°C) for 3 days. The results showed that the total RNA level, normalized to the threshold cycle value of internal reference genes, was higher at lower temperatures in both culture systems. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and citrate synthase (CS), which are involved in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, respectively, were expressed at similar levels at 32°C and 37°C in pellet cultures, but the levels were significantly lower at 41°C. Expression of the chondrogenic markers, collagen type IIA1 (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN), was higher at 37°C than at 32°C and 41°C in both culture systems. However, this phenomenon did not coincide with SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), which is a fundamental transcription factor for chondrogenesis, indicating that a SOX9-independent pathway might be involved in this phenomenon. In conclusion, the expression of chondrocyte metabolism-related genes at 32°C was maintained or enhanced compared to that at 37°C. However, chondrogenesis-related genes were further induced at 37°C in both culture systems. Therefore, manipulating the culture temperature may be an advantageous approach for regulating human chondrocyte metabolic activity and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Nagai
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Tajino
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoki Yamaguchi
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iijima
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tailored PVA/ECM scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:762189. [PMID: 25147814 PMCID: PMC4131468 DOI: 10.1155/2014/762189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage lesions are a particular challenge for regenerative medicine due to cartilage low self-ability repair in case of damage. Hence, a significant goal of musculoskeletal tissue engineering is the development of suitable structures in virtue of their matrix composition and biomechanical properties. The objective of our study was to design in vitro a supporting structure for autologous chondrocyte growth. We realized a biohybrid composite scaffold combining a novel and nonspecific extracellular matrix (ECM), which is decellularized Wharton's jelly ECM, with the biomechanical properties of the synthetic hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Wharton's jelly ECM was tested for its ability in promoting scaffold colonization by chondrocytes and compared with polyvinyl alcohol itself and the more specific decellularized cartilage matrix. Our preliminary evidences highlighted the chance of using Wharton's jelly ECM in combination with PVA hydrogels as an innovative and easily available scaffold for cartilage restoration.
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Andia I, Abate M. Knee osteoarthritis: hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma or both in association? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:635-49. [PMID: 24533435 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.889677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bidirectional interactions between cells and fluidic surroundings regulate cellular functions and maintain tissue or organ architecture. Accordingly, the synovial fluid is the primary source of environmental signals and determines to a great extent the molecular interactions within the joint capsule, both in homeostasis and pathology. AREAS COVERED We provided an update on hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) concepts necessary to build the rationale for creating a combined treatment. The information is based on a PubMed search using the terms 'platelet-rich plasma', 'hyaluronic acid', 'knee pathology', 'knee osteoarthritis' (OA). EXPERT OPINION In OA, a deleterious fluidic microenvironment is established, with presence of HA fragments, catabolic enzymes and inflammatory molecules. The central concept underlying intra-articular injection is to modify deleterious fluidic microenvironments. PRP administration has shown pain remission and function improvement, but less than half of the patients showed clinically significant improvement. PRP exceeds HA, the comparator used in PRP clinical trials, albeit both HA and PRP alleviate symptoms in mild-to-moderate OA patients. Combining PRP and HA may benefit from their dissimilar biological mechanisms and help in controlling delivery and presentation of signaling molecules. Three armed randomized studies, using both HA and PRP as comparators, will provide information about the impact of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Andia
- Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , 48903 Barakaldo , Spain
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