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Cimini D, Boccella S, Alfano A, Stellavato A, Paino S, Schiraldi C, Guida F, Perrone M, Donniacuo M, Tirino V, Desiderio V, Rinaldi B. Evaluation of unsulfated biotechnological chondroitin in a knee osteoarthritis mouse model as a potential novel functional ingredient in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:934997. [PMID: 36466352 PMCID: PMC9714611 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.934997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a very disabling disease that can be treated with both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. In the last years, pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine emerged as symptomatic slow-acting molecules, effective in pain reduction and improved function in patients affected by osteoarthritis. CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is currently produced mainly by extraction from animal tissues, and it is commercialized as a pharmaceutical-grade ingredient and/or food supplement. However, public concern on animal product derivatives has prompted the search for alternative non-extractive production routes. Thus, different approaches were established to obtain animal-free natural identical CS. On the other hand, the unsulfated chondroitin, which can be obtained via biotechnological processes, demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, in chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthritic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potential of chondroitin, with respect to the better-known CS, in an in vivo mouse model of knee osteoarthritis. Results indicate that the treatment with biotechnological chondroitin (BC), similarly to CS, significantly reduced the severity of mechanical allodynia in an MIA-induced osteoarthritic mouse model. Decreased cartilage damage and a reduction of inflammation- and pain-related biochemical markers were also observed. Overall, our data support a beneficial activity of biotechnological unsulfated chondroitin in the osteoarthritis model tested, thus suggesting BC as a potential functional ingredient in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals with the advantage of avoiding animal tissue extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Cimini
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Perrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Rinaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Cimini D, D’ambrosio S, Stellavato A, Fusco A, Corsaro MM, Dabous A, Casillo A, Donnarumma G, Giori AM, Schiraldi C. Optimization of growth of Levilactobacillus brevis SP 48 and in vitro evaluation of the effect of viable cells and high molecular weight potential postbiotics on Helicobacter pylori. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1007004. [PMID: 36394050 PMCID: PMC9661962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1007004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Levilactobacillus brevis strains have the potential to be used as probiotics since they provide health benefits due to the interaction of live cells, and of their secreted products, with the host (tissues). Therefore, the development of simple fermentation processes that improve cell viability to reduce industrial production costs, and at the same time the characterization and biological evaluation of cell-free postbiotics that can further promote application, are of great interest. In the present study, small scale batch fermentations on semi defined media, deprived of animal derived raw materials, were used to optimize growth of L. brevis SP48, reaching 1.2 ± 0.4 × 1010 CFU/ml of viable cells after 16 h of growth. Displacement, competition, and inhibition assays compared the effect, on Helicobacter pylori, of L. brevis cells to that of its partially purified potentially postbiotic fraction rich in exopolysaccharides and proteins. The expression of pro and anti-inflammatory biochemical markers indicated that both samples activated antimicrobial defenses and innate immunity in a gastric model. Moreover, these compounds also acted as modulators of the inflammatory response in a gut in vitro model. These data demonstrate that the high molecular weight compounds secreted by L. brevis SP48 can contrast H. pylori and reduce inflammation related to intestinal bowel disease, potentially overcoming issues related to the preservation of probiotic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Cimini
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sergio D’ambrosio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Azza Dabous
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Casillo A, Di Guida R, Cavasso D, Stellavato A, Rai D, Yokoyama F, Kamasaka K, Kawamoto J, Kurihara T, Schiraldi C, Kulkarni S, Paduano L, Corsaro MM. Polysaccharide corona: The acetyl-rich envelope wraps the extracellular membrane vesicles and the cells of Shewanella vesiculosa providing adhesiveness. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Stellavato A, Pirozzi AVA, de Novellis F, Scognamiglio I, Vassallo V, Giori AM, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Correction to: In vitro assessment of nutraceutical compounds and novel nutraceutical formulations in a liver-steatosis-based model. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:37. [PMID: 35382833 PMCID: PMC8985247 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Scognamiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Di Guida R, Casillo A, Stellavato A, Kawai S, Ogawa T, Di Meo C, Kawamoto J, Kurihara T, Schiraldi C, Corsaro MM. Capsular polysaccharide from a fish-gut bacterium induces/promotes apoptosis of colon cancer cells in vitro through Caspases' pathway activation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118908. [PMID: 34973729 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Among the widespread malignancies colorectal cancer is the most lethal. Treatments of this malignant tumor include surgery for lesions and metastases, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, novel therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality are demanding. Natural products, such as polysaccharides, can be a valuable alternative to sometimes very toxic chemotherapeutical agents, also because they are biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials. Microbial polysaccharides have been demonstrated to fulfill this requirement. In this paper, the results about the structure and the activity of a capsular polysaccharide isolated from the psychrotroph Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens Sq02-Rifr, newly isolated from the fish intestine, have been described. The characterization has been obtained by spectroscopic and chemical methods, and it is supported by the bioinformatic analysis. The polymer activates Caspases 3 and 9 on colon cancer cells CaCo-2 and HCT-116, indicating a promising antitumor effect, and suggesting a potential capacity of CPS to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Guida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Soichiro Kawai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Celeste Di Meo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jun Kawamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Kurihara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio n 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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La Noce M, Stellavato A, Vassallo V, Cammarota M, Laino L, Desiderio V, Del Vecchio V, Nicoletti GF, Tirino V, Papaccio G, Schiraldi C, Ferraro GA. Hyaluronan-Based Gel Promotes Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Bone Differentiation by Activating YAP/TAZ Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112899. [PMID: 34831122 PMCID: PMC8616223 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronans exist in different forms, accordingly with molecular weight and degree of crosslinking. Here, we tested the capability to induce osteogenic differentiation in hDPSCs (human dental pulp stem cells) of three hyaluronans forms: linear pharmaceutical-grade hyaluronans at high and (HHA) low molecular weight (LHA) and hybrid cooperative complexes (HCC), containing both sizes. METHODS hDPSCs were treated with HHA, LHA, HCC for 7, 14 and 21 days. The effects of hyaluronans on osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by qRT-PCR and WB of osteogenic markers and by Alizarin Red S staining. To identify the involved pathway, CD44 was analyzed by immunofluorescence, and YAP/TAZ expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Moreover, YAP/TAZ inhibitor-1 was used, and the loss of function of YAP/TAZ was evaluated by qRT-PCR, WB and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We showed that all hyaluronans improves osteogenesis. Among these, HCC is the main inducer of osteogenesis, along with overexpression of bone related markers and upregulating CD44. We also found that this biological process is subordinate to the activation of YAP/TAZ pathway. CONCLUSIONS We found that HA's molecular weight can have a relevant impact on HA performance for bone regeneration, and we unveil a new molecular mechanism by which HA acts on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.L.); (G.F.N.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.L.); (G.F.N.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-08-1566-4040 (V.T.); +39-08-1566-6014 (G.P.)
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-08-1566-4040 (V.T.); +39-08-1566-6014 (G.P.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.N.); (A.S.); (V.V.); (M.C.); (V.D.); (V.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.L.); (G.F.N.); (G.A.F.)
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Cammarota M, D'Agostino A, Campitiello F, Mancone M, Ricci G, Corte AD, Guerniero R, Stellavato A, Schiraldi C, Canonico S. Hard-to-heal wound treated with Integra Flowable Wound Matrix: analysis and clinical observations. J Wound Care 2021; 30:644-652. [PMID: 34382844 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2021.30.8.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin healing defects severely impair the quality of life of millions of people and burden healthcare systems globally. The therapeutic approach to these pathologies still represents a challenge. Novel scaffolds, used as dermal substitutes, possibly represent a promising strategy in complex wound management. Integra Flowable Wound Matrix (IFWM) is composed of a lyophilised, micronised form of collagen/chondroitin sulphate matrix, already used in regenerative medicine and endorsed in the therapy of diabetic foot lesions. In this paper, IFWM was applied to a tunnelling hard-to-heal skin lesion in order to restore tissue integrity. Although the different phases of skin wound healing are well established, the molecular mechanism underpinning IFWM-induced tissue repair are almost unknown. Here, we report, for the first time, the comparative analysis of molecular, histological and clinical observations of the healing process of a hard-to-heal tunnelling skin wound. The therapeutic success of this clinical case allowed us to recommend the use of IFWM as a tissue substitute in this rare type of hard-to-heal wound in which the high inflammatory status hampered the natural healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Campitiello
- Department of Integrated Multi-Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Manfredi Mancone
- Department of Integrated Multi-Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Della Corte
- Department of Integrated Multi-Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Guerniero
- Department of Integrated Multi-Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvestro Canonico
- Department of Integrated Multi-Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Campitiello F, Mancone M, Cammarota M, D’Agostino A, Ricci G, Stellavato A, Della Corte A, Pirozzi AVA, Scialla G, Schiraldi C, Canonico S. Acellular Dermal Matrix Used in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Clinical Outcomes Supported by Biochemical and Histological Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7085. [PMID: 34209306 PMCID: PMC8267704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a diabetes complication which greatly impacts the patient's quality of life, often leading to amputation of the affected limb unless there is a timely and adequate management of the patient. DFUs have a high economic impact for the national health system. Data have indeed shown that DFUs are a major cause of hospitalization for patients with diabetes. Based on that, DFUs represent a very important challenge for the national health system. Especially in developed countries diabetic patients are increasing at a very high rate and as expected, also the incidence of DFUs is increasing due to longevity of diabetic patients in the western population. Herein, the surgical approach focused on the targeted use of the acellular dermal matrix has been integrated with biochemical and morphological/histological analyses to obtain evidence-based information on the mechanisms underlying tissue regeneration. In this research report, the clinical results indicated decreased postoperative wound infection levels and a short healing time, with a sound regeneration of tissues. Here we demonstrate that the key biomarkers of wound healing process are activated at gene expression level and also synthesis of collagen I, collagen III and elastin is prompted and modulated within the 28-day period of observation. These analyses were run on five patients treated with Integra® sheet and five treated with the injectable matrix Integra® Flowable, for cavitary lesions. In fact, clinical evaluation of improved healing was, for the first time, supported by biochemical and histological analyses. For these reasons, the present work opens a new scenario in DFUs treatment and follow-up, laying the foundation for a tailored protocol towards complete healing in severe pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Campitiello
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.D.C.); (G.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Manfredi Mancone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.D.C.); (G.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.R.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonella D’Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.R.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.R.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.R.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Angela Della Corte
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.D.C.); (G.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.R.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Gianluca Scialla
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.D.C.); (G.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.R.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Silvestro Canonico
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.D.C.); (G.S.); (S.C.)
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La Gatta A, Tirino V, Cammarota M, La Noce M, Stellavato A, Pirozzi AVA, Portaccio M, Diano N, Laino L, Papaccio G, Schiraldi C. Gelatin-biofermentative unsulfated glycosaminoglycans semi-interpenetrating hydrogels via microbial-transglutaminase crosslinking enhance osteogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbaa052. [PMID: 34211725 PMCID: PMC8240633 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin hydrogels by microbial-transglutaminase crosslinking are being increasingly exploited for tissue engineering, and proved high potential in bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the combination of enzymatically crosslinked gelatin with hyaluronan and the newly developed biotechnological chondroitin in enhancing osteogenic potential. Gelatin enzymatic crosslinking was carried out in the presence of hyaluronan or of a hyaluronan–chondroitin mixture, obtaining semi-interpenetrating gels. The latter proved lower swelling extent and improved stiffness compared to the gelatin matrix alone, whilst maintaining high stability. The heteropolysaccharides were retained for 30 days in the hydrogels, thus influencing cell response over this period. To evaluate the effect of hydrogel composition on bone regeneration, materials were seeded with human dental pulp stem cells and osteogenic differentiation was assessed. The expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN), both at gene and protein level, was evaluated at 7, 15 and 30 days of culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and two-photon microscope observations were performed to assess bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and to observe the cell penetration depth. In the presence of the heteropolysaccharides, OC and OPN expression was upregulated and a higher degree of calcified matrix formation was observed. Combination with hyaluronan and chondroitin improved both the biophysical properties and the biological response of enzymatically crosslinked gelatin, fastening bone deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa La Gatta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marianna Portaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialita' Medico-Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, via Luigi De Crecchio, 6, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via L. De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
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10
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Vassallo V, Stellavato A, Cimini D, Pirozzi AVA, Alfano A, Cammarota M, Balato G, D'Addona A, Ruosi C, Schiraldi C. Unsulfated biotechnological chondroitin by itself as well as in combination with high molecular weight hyaluronan improves the inflammation profile in osteoarthritis in vitro model. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1021-1036. [PMID: 34056757 PMCID: PMC8453819 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that inflammation has a pivotal role during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and cytokines have been identified as the main process mediators. This study aimed to explore the ability to modulate the main OA pro-inflammatory biomarkers of novel gels (H-HA/BC) based on high molecular weight hyaluronan (H-HA) and unsulfated biotechnological chondroitin (BC). For the first time, BC was tested also in combination with H-HA on human primary cells isolated from pathological knee joints. Specifically, the experiments were performed using an OA in vitro model based on human chondrocytes and synoviocytes. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of H-HA/BC in comparison with H-HA and BC single gels, NF-kB, COMP-2, MyD88, MMP-13 and a wide range of cytokines, known to be specific biomarkers in OA (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), were evaluated. In addition, cell morphology and proliferation occurring in the presence of either H-HA/BC or single components were assessed using time-lapse video microscopy. It was shown that synovial fluids and cells isolated from OA suffering patients, presented a cytokine pattern respondent to an ongoing inflammation status. H-HA and BC significantly reduced the levels of 23 biomarkers associated with cartilage damage. However, H-HA/BC decreased significantly 24 biological mediators and downregulated 19 of them more efficiently than the single components. In synoviocytes cultures, cytokine analyses proved that H-HA/BC gels re-established an extracellular environment more similar to a healthy condition reducing considerably the concentration of 11 analytes. Instead, H-HA and BC significantly modulated 7 (5 only with a longer treatment) and 8 biological cytokines, respectively. Our results suggest that H-HA/BC beyond the viscosupplementation effect typical for HA-based gels, can improve the inflammation status in joints and thus could be introduced as a valid protective and anti-inflammatory intraarticular device in the field of Class III medical devices for OA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Anna V. A. Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Giovanni Balato
- School of Medicine and Surgery "Federico II" of NaplesA.O.U. Federico II of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Alessio D'Addona
- School of Medicine and Surgery "Federico II" of NaplesA.O.U. Federico II of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Carlo Ruosi
- School of Medicine and Surgery "Federico II" of NaplesA.O.U. Federico II of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
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11
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Stellavato A, Restaino OF, Vassallo V, Cassese E, Finamore R, Ruosi C, Schiraldi C. Chondroitin Sulfate in USA Dietary Supplements in Comparison to Pharma Grade Products: Analytical Fingerprint and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Osteoartritic Chondrocytes and Synoviocytes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050737. [PMID: 34067775 PMCID: PMC8156081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GlcN) food supplements (FS), sold in USA against osteoarthritis, might depend on the effective CS and GlcN contents and on the CS structural characteristics. In this paper three USA FS were compared to two pharmaceutical products (Ph). Analyses performed by HPAE-PAD, by HPCE and by SEC-TDA revealed that the CS and GlcN titers were up to −68.8% lower than the contents declared on the labels and that CS of mixed animal origin and variable molecular weights was present together with undesired keratan sulfate. Simulated gastric and intestinal digestions were performed in vitro to evaluate the real CS amount that may reach the gut as biopolymer. Chondrocytes and synoviocytes primary cells derived from human pathological joints were used to assess: cell viability, modulation of the NF-κB, quantification of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP-2), hyaluronate synthase enzyme (HAS-1), pentraxin (PTX-3) and the secreted IL-6 and IL-8 to assess inflammation. Of the three FS tested only one (US FS1) enhanced chondrocytes viability, while all of them supported synoviocytes growth. Although US FS1 proved to be less effective than Ph as it reduced NF-kB, it could not down-regulate COMP-2; HAS-1 was up-regulated but with a lower efficacy. Inflammatory cytokines were markedly reduced by Ph while a slight decrease was only found for US-FS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Odile Francesca Restaino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Cassese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosario Finamore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Carlo Ruosi
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery “Federico II” of Naples, A.O.U. Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (O.F.R.); (V.V.); (E.C.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-7546
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12
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Alessio N, Stellavato A, Aprile D, Cimini D, Vassallo V, Di Bernardo G, Galderisi U, Schiraldi C. Timely Supplementation of Hydrogels Containing Sulfated or Unsulfated Chondroitin and Hyaluronic Acid Affects Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Commitment Toward Chondrogenic Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641529. [PMID: 33912558 PMCID: PMC8072340 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently used for cartilage cell therapy because of their well proven capacity to differentiate in chondrocytes. The advantage of MSC-based therapy is the possibility of producing a high number of chondrocytes for implants. The transplant procedure, however, has some limitations, since MSCs may produce non-functional chondrocytes. This limit has been challenged by cultivating MSC in media with hydrogels containing hyaluronic acid (HA), extractive chondroitin sulfate (CS), or bio-fermentative unsulphated chondroitin (BC) alone or in combination. Nevertheless, a clear study of the effect of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on chondrocyte differentiation is still lacking, especially for the newly obtained unsulfated chondroitin of biotechnological origin. Are these GAGs playing a role in the commitment of stem cells to chondrocyte progenitors and in the differentiation of progenitors to mature chondrocytes? Alternatively, do they have a role only in one of these biological processes? We evaluated the role of HA, CS, and - above all - BC in cell commitment and chondrocyte differentiation of MSCs by supplementing these GAGs in different phases of in vitro cultivation. Our data provided evidence that a combination of HA and CS or of HA and BC supplemented during the terminal in vitro differentiation and not during cell commitment of MSCs improved chondrocytes differentiation without the presence of fibrosis (reduced expression of Type I collagen). This result suggests that a careful evaluation of extracellular cues for chondrocyte differentiation is fundamental to obtaining a proper maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Aprile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
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13
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Coppola A, Ilisso CP, Stellavato A, Schiraldi C, Caraglia M, Mosca L, Cacciapuoti G, Porcelli M. S-Adenosylmethionine Inhibits Cell Growth and Migration of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells through Upregulating MiRNA-34c and MiRNA-449a. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010286. [PMID: 33396625 PMCID: PMC7795242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and shows maximum invasiveness and a high risk of metastasis. Recently, many natural compounds have been highlighted as a valuable source of new and less toxic drugs to enhance breast cancer therapy. Among them, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) has emerged as a promising anti-cancer agent. MicroRNA (miRNA or miR)-based gene therapy provides an interesting antitumor approach to integrated cancer therapy. In this study, we evaluated AdoMet-induced modulation of miRNA-34c and miRNA-449a expression in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cells. We demonstrated that AdoMet upregulates miR-34c and miR-449a expression in both cell lines. We found that the combination of AdoMet with miR-34c or miR-449a mimic strongly potentiated the pro-apoptotic effect of the sulfonium compound by a caspase-dependent mechanism. For the first time, by video time-lapse microscopy, we showed that AdoMet inhibited the in vitro migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and that the combination with miR-34c or miR-449a mimic strengthened the effect of the sulfonium compound through the modulation of β-catenin and Small Mother Against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling pathways. Our results furnished the first evidence that AdoMet exerts its antitumor effects in TNBC cells through upregulating the expression of miR-34c and miR-449a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.P.I.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Concetta Paola Ilisso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.P.I.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.P.I.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Mosca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.P.I.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Cacciapuoti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.P.I.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.P.I.); (M.C.); (M.P.)
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14
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Stellavato A, Abate L, Vassallo V, Donniacuo M, Rinaldi B, Schiraldi C. An in vitro study to assess the effect of hyaluronan-based gels on muscle-derived cells: Highlighting a new perspective in regenerative medicine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236164. [PMID: 32760085 PMCID: PMC7410276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan that has been widely used for biomedical applications. Here, we have analyzed the effect of HA on the rescue of primary cells under stress as well as its potential to recover muscle atrophy and validated the developed model in vitro using primary muscle cells derived from rats. The potentials of different HAs were elucidated through comparative analyses using pharmaceutical grade a) high (HHA) and b) low molecular weight (LHA) hyaluronans, c) hybrid cooperative complexes (HCC) of HA in three experimental set-ups. The cells were characterized based on the expression of myogenin, a muscle-specific biomarker, and the proliferation was analyzed using Time-Lapse Video Microscopy (TLVM). Cell viability in response to H2O2 challenge was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the expression of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD-2) was assessed by western blotting. Additionally, in order to establish an in vitro model of atrophy, muscle cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with hyaluronans. The expression of Atrogin, MuRF-1, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB), and Forkhead-box-(Fox)-O-3 (FoxO3a) was evaluated by western blotting to elucidate the molecular mechanism of atrophy. The results showed that HCC and HHA increased cell proliferation by 1.15 and 2.3 folds in comparison to un-treated cells (control), respectively. Moreover, both pre- and post-treatments of HAs restored the cell viability, and the SOD-2 expression was found to be reduced by 1.5 fold in HA-treated cells as compared to the stressed condition. Specifically in atrophic stressed cells, HCC revealed a noteworthy beneficial effect on the myogenic biomarkers indicating that it could be used as a promising platform for tissue regeneration with specific attention to muscle cell protection against stressful agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Via L. De Crecchio, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (CS); (AS)
| | - Lucrezia Abate
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Via L. De Crecchio, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vassallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Via L. De Crecchio, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Rinaldi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Via L. De Crecchio, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (CS); (AS)
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15
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Restaino OF, Finamore R, Stellavato A, Diana P, Bedini E, Trifuoggi M, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. European chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine food supplements: A systematic quality and quantity assessment compared to pharmaceuticals. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 222:114984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Alessio N, Stellavato A, Squillaro T, Del Gaudio S, Di Bernardo G, Peluso G, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C, Galderisi U. Hybrid complexes of high and low molecular weight hyaluronan delay in vitro replicative senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells: a pilot study for future therapeutic application. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1575-1585. [PMID: 30001217 PMCID: PMC6075440 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, a subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), are present in the stroma of several tissues. MSC in vitro cultivation for clinical treatments may greatly affect MSC properties. A primary handicap is replicative senescence that impairs MSC functions. Hyaluronan (HA) is present in the extracellular matrix that composes the stem cell niche environment and is under investigation as a key factor for in vitro stem cell growth. We evaluated the effect on MSC cultivation of HA hybrid cooperative complexes (HCC) that are obtained from high (H) and low (L) weight molecules (NAHYCO™). We compared this HCC with H-HA and L-HA. We investigated the effects of these HAs on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and differentiation following the addition of the polymer solutions in the culture media at concentrations that did not drastically modify the medium viscosity. Interestingly, 0,16% HCC significantly delayed the senescence compared with the controls. This occurred without alteration of the cell cycle, cytotoxicity, or apoptosis. HCCs also promoted adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Our finding could suggest a potential functional role of HCC above the updated scientific reports of its effects and pave the way to optimization of MSC cultivation for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Del Gaudio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
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17
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D'Agostino A, Maritato R, La Gatta A, Fusco A, Reale S, Stellavato A, Pirozzi AVA, De Rosa M, Donnarumma G, Schiraldi C. In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Cooperative Complexes in a Wound Healing Model: A Step Toward Improved Bioreparation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194727. [PMID: 31554177 PMCID: PMC6801722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA), also called as hyaluronan, and its formulations on tissue regeneration and epidermal disease is well-documented. High-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HHA) is an efficient space filler that maintains hydration, serves as a substrate for proteoglycan assembly, and is involved in wound healing. Recently, an innovative hybrid cooperative complex (HCC) of high- and low-molecular-weight hyaluronan was developed that is effective in wound healing and bioremodeling. The HCC proposed here consisted of a new formulation and contained 1.6 ± 0.1 kDa HHA and 250 ± 7 kDa LHA (low molecular weight hyaluronic acid). We investigated the performance of this HCC in a novel in vitro HaCaT (immortalized human keratinocytes)/HDF (human dermal fibroblast) co-culture model to assess its ability to repair skin tissue lesions. Compared to linear HA samples, HCC reduced the biomarkers of inflammation (Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)), and accelerated the healing process. These data were confirmed by the modulation of metalloproteases (MMPs) and elastin, and were compatible with a prospectively reduced risk of scar formation. We also examined the expression of defensin-2, an antimicrobial peptide, in the presence of hyaluronan, showing a higher expression in the HCC-treated samples and suggesting a potential increase in antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. Based on these in vitro data, the presence of HCC in creams or dressings would be expected to enhance the resolution of inflammation and accelerate the skin wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maritato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Reale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Schiraldi C, Stellavato A, Pirozzi AVA, Diana P, Donnarumma G, De Rosa M. PO-01-112 Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, alone or in combination, efficiently counteract induced bladder cells damage and inflammation. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stellavato A, La Noce M, Corsuto L, Pirozzi AVA, De Rosa M, Papaccio G, Schiraldi C, Tirino V. Hybrid Complexes of High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronans Highly Enhance HASCs Differentiation: Implication for Facial Bioremodelling. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 44:1078-1092. [PMID: 29179206 DOI: 10.1159/000485414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) are used in Regenerative Medicine, including fat grafting, recovery from local tissue ischemia and scar remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate hyaluronan based gel effects on ASCs differentiation and proliferation. METHODS Comparative analyses using high (H) and low (L) molecular weight hyaluronans (HA), hyaluronan hybrid cooperative complexes (HCCs), and high and medium cross-linked hyaluronan based dermal fillers were performed. Human ASCs were characterized by flow cytometry using CD90, CD34, CD105, CD29, CD31, CD45 and CD14 markers. Then, cells were treated for 7, 14 and 21 days with hyaluronans. Adipogenic differentiation was evaluated using Oil red-O staining and expression of leptin, PPAR-γ, LPL and adiponectin using qRT-PCR. Adiponectin was analyzed by immunofluorescence, PPAR-γ and adiponectin were analyzed using western blotting. ELISA assays for adiponectin and leptin were performed. RESULTS HCCs highly affected ASCs differentiation by up-regulating adipogenic genes and related proteins, that were also secreted in the culture medium. H-HA and L-HA induced a lower level of ASCs differentiation. CONCLUSION HCCs-based formulations clearly enhance adipogenic differentiation and proliferation, when compared with linear HA and cross-linked hyaluronans. Injection of HCCs in subdermal fat compartment may recruit and differentiate stem cells in adipocytes, and considerably improving fat tissue renewal.
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La Gatta A, Ricci G, Stellavato A, Cammarota M, Filosa R, Papa A, D’Agostino A, Portaccio M, Delfino I, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Hyaluronan hydrogels with a low degree of modification as scaffolds for cartilage engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:978-989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cimini D, Corte KD, Finamore R, Andreozzi L, Stellavato A, Pirozzi AVA, Ferrara F, Formisano R, De Rosa M, Chino M, Lista L, Lombardi A, Pavone V, Schiraldi C. Production of human pro-relaxin H2 in the yeast Pichia pastoris. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:4. [PMID: 28088197 PMCID: PMC5237503 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Initially known as the reproductive hormone, relaxin was shown to possess other therapeutically useful properties that include extracellular matrix remodeling, anti-inflammatory, anti-ischemic and angiogenic effects. All these findings make relaxin a potential drug for diverse medical applications. Its precursor, pro-relaxin, is an 18 kDa protein, that shows activity in in vitro assays. Since extraction of relaxin from animal tissues raises several issues, prokaryotes and eukaryotes were both used as expression systems for recombinant relaxin production. Most productive results were obtained when using Escherichia coli as a host for human relaxin expression. However, in such host, relaxin precipitated in the form of inclusion bodies and, therefore, required several expensive recovery steps as cell lysis, refolding and reduction. Results To overcome the issues related to prokaryotic expression here we report the production and purification of secreted human pro-relaxin H2 by using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as expression host. The methanol inducible promoter AOX1 was used to drive expression of the native and histidine tagged forms of pro-relaxin H2 in dual phase fed-batch experiments on the 22 L scale. Both protein forms presented the correct structure, as determined by mass spectrometry and western blotting analyses, and demonstrated to be biologically active in immune enzymatic assays. The presence of the tag allowed to simplify pro-relaxin purification obtaining higher purity. Conclusions This work presents a strategy for microbial production of recombinant human pro-relaxin H2 in Pichia pastoris that allowed the obtainment of biologically active pro-hormone, with a final concentration in the fermentation broth ranging between 10 and 14 mg/L of product, as determined by densitometric analyses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0319-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - K Della Corte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - R Finamore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - L Andreozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A V A Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Ferrara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - R Formisano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia I, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - L Lista
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia I, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia I, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - V Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia I, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - C Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples and University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Stellavato A, Corsuto L, D’Agostino A, La Gatta A, Diana P, Bernini P, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Hyaluronan Hybrid Cooperative Complexes as a Novel Frontier for Cellular Bioprocesses Re-Activation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163510. [PMID: 27723763 PMCID: PMC5056743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic Acid (HA)-based dermal formulations have rapidly gained a large consensus in aesthetic medicine and dermatology. HA, highly expressed in the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), acts as an activator of biological cascades, stimulating cell migration and proliferation, and operating as a regulator of the skin immune surveillance, through specific interactions with its receptors. HA may be used in topical formulations, as dermal inducer, for wound healing. Moreover, intradermal HA formulations (injectable HA) provide an attractive tool to counteract skin aging (e.g., facial wrinkles, dryness, and loss of elasticity) and restore normal dermal functions, through simple and minimally invasive procedures. Biological activity of a commercially available hyaluronic acid, Profhilo®, based on NAHYCO™ technology, was compared to H-HA or L-HA alone. The formation of hybrid cooperative complexes was confirmed by the sudden drop in η0 values in the rheological measurements. Besides, hybrid cooperative complexes proved stable to hyaluronidase (BTH) digestion. Using in vitro assays, based on keratinocytes, fibroblasts cells and on the Phenion® Full Thickness Skin Model 3D, hybrid cooperative complexes were compared to H-HA, widely used in biorevitalization procedures, and to L-HA, recently proposed as the most active fraction modulating the inflammatory response. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses were accomplished for the transcript quantification of collagens and elastin. Finally immunofluorescence staining permitted to evaluate the complete biosynthesis of all the molecules investigated. An increase in the expression levels of type I and type III collagen in fibroblasts and type IV and VII collagen in keratinocytes were found with the hybrid cooperative complexes, compared to untreated cells (CTR) and to the H-HA and L-HA treatments. The increase in elastin expression found in both cellular model and in the Phenion® Full Thickness Skin Model 3D also at longer time (up to 7 days), supports the clinically observed improvement of skin elasticity. The biomarkers analyzed suggest an increase of tissue remodeling in the presence of Profhilo®, probably due to the long lasting release and the concurrent action of the two HA components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisana Corsuto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella D’Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Diana
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
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Stellavato A, De Novellis F, Reale S, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Hybrid complexes of high and low molecular weight: evaluation using an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:7-16. [PMID: 28002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is central in joint and cartilage functions and to restore synovial fluid viscosity. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), molecular weight (MW) and concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) are reduced, diminishing joint lubrication. IL-1β treatment was used to mimic osteoarthritis in a chondrocytes based in vitro model. The aim of our research, using this model and human chondrocytes was to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of H/L-HA hybrid complexes (SINOVIAL-HL®) in comparison with HA at high (H-HA) and low molecular weight (L-HA) separately used, through the evaluation of specific biomarkers involved in cartilage degradation and correlated to osteoarthritis. Specifically, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cytokines levels were measured using Bio-plex assays and COMP-2 through immunofluorescence staining and western blot. H/L-HA significantly reduced inflammation biomarkers respect to both L-HA or H-HA separately considered at transcriptional and protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - F De Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - S Reale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - C Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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D'Agostino A, Stellavato A, Corsuto L, Diana P, Filosa R, La Gatta A, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. Is molecular size a discriminating factor in hyaluronan interaction with human cells? Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:21-30. [PMID: 27987920 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays there is a great interest in investigating the effect of particular hyaluronan fragments in the biomedical field and in cosmeceutical applications. Literature has reported that very low molecular weight HA (Mw<5kDa) has an inflammatory effect, whilst HA ranging from 15 to 250 has shown controversial effects. This work aims to give better elucidation on the correlation between the different sized HA fragments and their biological functions. In this respect, a simple and effective degradation strategy is used to obtain several HA fragments. Also, an hydrodynamic and structural characterization was performed in order to obtain samples suitable to evaluate cellular response. In particular an in vitro scratch test in time lapse experiments was used to study the effect of HA fragments, ranging from 1800 to 6kDa on wound dermal reparation based on human keratinocytes. All high and low Mw HA used in this study allowed for faster wound closure compared to the un-treated cells, except for 6kDa that, on the contrary, prevented repair. In addition, TGF-β 1, TNFα and IL-6, representative biomarkers of the inflammation phase occurring in wound healing process, were quantified by RT-PCR. A general up-regulation trend of these biomarkers was found with the HA molecular weight reduction. LHA6kDa was the only treatment that induced a major inflammatory response (over 30 fold increase respect to control) confirming the recent literature outcomes. IL-6 protein level evaluated through ELISA assay corroborated the previous results. Furthermore, activation of key HA receptors, such as CD44, RHAMM, TLR4, with respect to hyaluronan size, was evaluated, at transcriptional level showing selective recognition by HA 1800, 1400, 500 for CD44, whilst the lower Mw fragments activated TLR-4 moderately at 50 and 15kDa. An increase to "alarm" level was found for 6kDa fragments. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed this data. The present research work demonstrated that the diverse pharma grade hyaluronan fragments could modulate cellular processes differently. From 1800kDa down to 50kDa, CD44 was the recognized receptor and pro-inflammatory biomarkers were only slightly up-regulated during wound healing in the presence of HA. Finally our outcomes showed that the lower the fragment size the higher the concern for inflammatory cytokines up-regulation; repair process impairment was highlighted only for 6kDa chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisana Corsuto
- Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Diana
- Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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Finamore R, Cimini D, Stellavato A, Ferrara F, Pirozzi A, Schiraldi C. Production of recombinant pro-relaxin and biological activity in vitro. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schiraldi C, Stellavato A, de Novellis F, La Gatta A, De Rosa M. Hyaluronan viscosupplementation: state of the art and insight into the novel cooperative hybrid complexes based on high and low molecular weight HA of potential interest in osteoarthritis treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:36-7. [PMID: 27252742 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.1.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a group of chronic, painful, disabling conditions affecting synovial joints. It is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, alterations of peri-articular and subchondral bone, low-grade synovial inflammation (synovitis). Despite OA is commonly described as a non-inflammatory disease, it is known that its progression and the subsequent increment of symptoms correlate to the production of inflammatory factors that induce the secretion of enzymes responsible for cartilage degradation. In clinical practice, to alleviate pain and stiffness, not only during acute phases but also as maintenance therapy, intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or similar drugs are used, besides it is well diffused the viscosupplementation procedure based on hyaluronan gel. There are many different products containing high molecular weight linear HA or cross-linked derivatives, however the novelty in the field consist in the hybrid cooperative complexes derived from high and low molecular weight HA through a patented processing. This technique permit to double the amount of HA delivered to the injured site without increasing the injected volume, beside in vitro assay on human chondrocytes suggested hybrid complexes as effective in the modulation of several inflammatory cytokines in joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, Bioteknet, Naples, Italy
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Stellavato A, Tirino V, de Novellis F, Della Vecchia A, Cinquegrani F, De Rosa M, Papaccio G, Schiraldi C. Biotechnological Chondroitin a Novel Glycosamminoglycan With Remarkable Biological Function on Human Primary Chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2158-69. [PMID: 27018169 PMCID: PMC5084766 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering, with in vitro expansion of autologus chondrocytes, is a promising technique for tissue regeneration and is a new potential strategy to prevent and/or treat cartilage damage (e.g., osteoarthritis). The aim of this study was (i) to investigate and compare the effects of new biotechnological chondroitin (BC) and a commercial extractive chondroitin sulfate (CS) on human chondrocytes in vitro culture; (ii) to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of the innovative BC compared to extractive CS. A chondrogenic cell population was isolated from human nasoseptal cartilage and in vitro cultures were studied through time‐lapse video microscopy (TLVM), immunohistochemical staining and cytometry. In order to investigate the effect of BC and CS on phenotype maintainance, chondrogenic gene expression of aggrecan (AGN), of the transcriptor factor SOX9, of the types I and II collagen (COL1A1 and COL1A2), were quantified through transcriptional and protein evaluation at increasing cultivation time and passages. In addition to resemble the osteoarthritis‐like in vitro model, chondrocytes were treated with IL‐1β and the anti‐inflammatory activity of BC and CS was assessed using cytokines quantification by multiplex array. BC significantly enhances cell proliferation also preserving chondrocyte phenotype increasing type II collagen expression up to 10 days of treatment and reduces inflammatory response in IL‐1β treated chondrocytes respect to CS treated cells. Our results, taken together, suggest that this new BC is of foremost importance in translational medicine because it can be applied in novel scaffolds and pharmaceutical preparations aiming at cartilage pathology treatments such as the osteoarthritis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2158–2169, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino," Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino," Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino," Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Della Vecchia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino," Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino," Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino," Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino," Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Pirozzi AVA, Stellavato A, La Gatta A, Lamberti M, Schiraldi C. Mancozeb, a fungicide routinely used in agriculture, worsens nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the human HepG2 cell model. Toxicol Lett 2016; 249:1-4. [PMID: 27016407 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mancozeb, a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate, is a fungicide routinely used in pest control programs. However, it has been found to have deleterious effects on human health and on the environment. Indeed, its massive use has raised the issue of possible health risks for agrarian communities; the molecule can also reach human cells via the food chain and alter metabolism, endocrine activity and cell survival. In particular, mancozeb induces many toxic effects on hepatic cell metabolism. For this reason, we investigated its effect in an in vitro model of hepatic damage, namely fatty acid-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the HepG2 cell line. We found that the hepatic toxicity of the fungicide exacerbated fatty acid-induced steatosis, as manifested by an increase in intracellular lipid droplet accumulation. Furthermore, mancozeb altered cell metabolism and induced cell death through upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c, respectively, in dose-dependent manners. Therefore, mancozeb may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic disease in humans and represents a danger for human health in high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology medical histology and Molecular Biologiy, Second University of Naples, Via de Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology medical histology and Molecular Biologiy, Second University of Naples, Via de Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology medical histology and Molecular Biologiy, Second University of Naples, Via de Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Lamberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via de Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology medical histology and Molecular Biologiy, Second University of Naples, Via de Crecchio 7, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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D'Agostino A, Stellavato A, Busico T, Papa A, Tirino V, Papaccio G, La Gatta A, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. In vitro analysis of the effects on wound healing of high- and low-molecular weight chains of hyaluronan and their hybrid H-HA/L-HA complexes. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:19. [PMID: 26163378 PMCID: PMC4499215 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported the roles of Hyaluronic acid (HA) chains of diverse length in wound repair, especially considering the simultaneous occurrence in vivo of both high- (H-HA) and low-molecular weight (L-HA) hyaluronan at an injury site. It has been shown that HA fragments (5 ≤ MW ≤ 20 kDa) usually trigger an inflammatory response that, on one hand, is the first signal in the activation of a repair mechanism but on the other, when it's overexpressed, it may promote unwanted side effects. The present experimental research has aimed to investigate H-HA, L-HA and of a newly developed complex of the two (H-HA/L-HA) for stability (e.g. hyaluronidases digestion), for their ability to promote wound healing of human keratinocytes in vitro and for their effect on cellular biomarker expression trends. RESULTS Time-lapse video microscopy studies proved that the diverse HA was capable of restoring the monolayer integrity of HaCat. The H-HA/L-HA complex (0.1 and 1%w/v) proved faster in regeneration also in co-culture scratch test where wound closure was achieved in half the time of H-HA stimulated cells and 2.5-fold faster than the control. Gene expression was evaluated for transformation growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) proving that L-HA alone increased its expression at 4 h followed by restoration of similar trends for all the stimuli. Depending on the diverse stimulation (H-HA, L-HA or the complex), metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -9, -13) were also modulated differently. Furthermore, type I collagen expression and production were evaluated. Compared to the others, persistence of a significant higher expression level at 24 h for the H-HA/L-HA complex was found. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this research showed that, both at high and low concentrations, hybrid complexes proved to perform better than HA alone thus suggesting their potential as medical devices in aesthetic and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Teresa Busico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy. .,ALFATESTLAB s.r.l, Via Pelizza da Volpedo,, 59 20092, Cinisello Balsamo, MI, Italy.
| | - Agata Papa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy. .,ALFATESTLAB s.r.l, Via Pelizza da Volpedo,, 59 20092, Cinisello Balsamo, MI, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annalisa La Gatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology "A. Cascino", Second University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Stellavato A, Cimini D, Finamore R, Della Corte K, Fiandra G, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C. In vitro model based on human keratinocyte to evaluate relaxin activity on wound healing exploiting time-lapse video microscopy. Ital J Anat Embryol 2013; 118:71-73. [PMID: 24640577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wound repair is a well-ordered but complex process involving many cellular activities including inflammation, growth factor and cytokine production, and thus cell migration and proliferation. In vitro wound healing assays have been used and are well accepted, for the discovery and validation of biomolecules that may influence cell migration and improve repair (Liu et al. 2009). The aim of our research was to exploit time-lapse video-microscopy (Okolab, Italy) to observe and analyse scratched monolayers of keratinocyte cell line (HaCat), with specific interest in characterizing different relaxin preparations.
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Schiraldi C, Stellavato A, D'Agostino A, Tirino V, d'Aquino R, Woloszyk A, De Rosa A, Laino L, Papaccio G, Mitsiadis TA. Fighting for territories: time-lapse analysis of dental pulp and dental follicle stem cells in co-culture reveals specific migratory capabilities. Eur Cell Mater 2012. [PMID: 23180452 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v024a30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell migration is a critical step during the repair of damaged tissues. In order to achieve appropriate cell-based therapies for tooth and periodontal ligament repair it is necessary first to understand the dynamics of tissue-specific stem cell populations such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and dental follicle stem cells (DFSC). Using time-lapse imaging, we analysed migratory and proliferative capabilities of these two human stem cell lines in vitro. When cultured alone, both DPSC and DFSC exhibited low and irregular migration profiles. In co-cultures, DFSC, but not DPSC, spectacularly increased their migration activity and velocity. DFSC rapidly surrounded the DPSC, thus resembling the in vivo developmental process, where follicle cells encircle both dental epithelium and pulp. Cell morphology was dependent on the culture conditions (mono-culture or co-culture) and changed over time. Regulatory genes involved in dental cell migration and differentiation such as TWIST1, MSX1, RUNX2, SFRP1 and ADAM28, were also evaluated in co-cultures. MSX1 up-regulation indicates that DPSC and DFSC retain their odontogenic potential. However, DPSC lose their capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts in the presence of DFSC, as suggested by RUNX2 up-regulation and TWIST1 down-regulation. In contrast, the unchanged levels of SFRP1 expression suggest that DFSC retain their potential to form periodontal tissues even in the presence of DPSC. These findings demonstrate that stem cells behave differently according to their environment, retain their genetic memory, and compete with each other to acquire the appropriate territory. Understanding the mechanisms involved in stem cell migration may lead to new therapeutic approaches for tooth repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Perfetto B, Stellavato A, Melito A, De Gregorio V, Cammarota M, Giuliano M. A time-lapse approach to examine chromium and nickel effects on wound healing in vitro. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 9:392-400. [PMID: 22632163 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2012.682662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium and nickel cause allergic contact dermatitis, a common biological skin response to sensitizing agents. This study used a conventional in vitro wounding model to study the impact of sensitizing agents on the innate immune response of human keratinocytes. Experiments were designed to evaluate the involvement of specific Toll-like receptors and metalloproteinases as effectors molecules downstream, at a molecular level. Further, keratinocytes were co-cultured with monocytes (THP-1 cells) to reproduce an inductive stimulus on monocytes made by metals. Human keratinocytes (HaCat) were grown on plates covered with collagen type I, chemically treated, and then mechanically injured with a sterile pipette tip. Restoration of the monolayer integrity was monitored by time-lapse video microscopy. Effector gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. The presence of chromium significantly dropped the rate of wound closure, while nickel-induced hyper-proliferation ended in an acceleration of the healing process, an event that does not occur in vivo. This latter outcome led to considering nickel as an unsuitable example for use in the experimental model. Focusing solely on the chromium aspect of this study, RNA profiles of selected molecular markers were generated to ascertain if the detrimental stimulus from chromium was eliminated or persisted both in keratinocytes alone and/or during co-cultures of keratinocytes and monocytes. Monocytes accelerated the process of wound repair. This in vitro experimental model highlighted the involvement of innate immunity in response to chromium and might be useful for test molecules of therapeutic interest for the treatment of skin lesions. However, the experience with nickel reveals that there are limitations to the utility of this wound model system after all.
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Stellavato A, Cammarota M, Miraglia N, Simonelli A, Giuliano M. An alternative gas-phase in vitro exposure system for toxicity testing: the interaction between nitrous oxide and A549 cells. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 39:449-59. [PMID: 22103938 DOI: 10.1177/026119291103900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An original in vitro approach was adopted to expose cells to volatile agents. The anaesthetic nitrous oxide (N(2)O) was chosen as the model agent, and type II pneumocyte-like cells (A549 cells) were used as the target to represent the lungs. A time-lapse microscopy station was equipped with a manual gas mixer that allowed the generation of a mixture of N(2)O/air/CO(2) in the gas phase, to provide a uniform distribution of the volatile agent. The dissolution of N(2)O in the culture medium was monitored by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Biochemical alterations, in terms of homocysteine accumulation, demonstrated that intracellular methionine synthase had been inactivated by N(2)O absorbed by the cells, a process that also occurs in vivo. Toll-like receptors, which are key molecules in inflammatory lung diseases, were also investigated at the molecular level. Our experiments indicated that biochemical and molecular alterations occurred in the cells, even under conditions where neither morphologic changes nor consistent alterations in cell proliferation were evident. This in vitro exposure system can be efficiently adopted for looking at the repeat-dose effects of volatile agents on respiratory tissues. Moreover, it could be of further benefit for identifying the wide range of specific cell targets, and for monitoring relevant endpoints in the cellular and molecular processes that occur during exposure to volatile compounds.
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Cammarota M, De Rosa M, Stellavato A, Lamberti M, Marzaioli I, Giuliano M. In vitro evaluation of Lactobacillus plantarum DSMZ 12028 as a probiotic: emphasis on innate immunity. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 135:90-8. [PMID: 19748696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the probiotic potential of L. plantarum DSMZ 12028 in vitro using the pathogen E. coli K4 and a certified probiotic, L. paracasei F19, as controls. Adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated using two cell lines, CaCo-2 and HT-29, through the plate dilution method. Moreover, the bacteria/epithelial dynamic interaction was continuously monitored using time-lapse microscopy. Expression of the innate immunity receptors, the TLRs, was evaluated by semi-quantitative PCR on an epithelial/bacteria co-culture. Real-time PCR was used to monitor expression of TLRs and cytokines in a monocytic cell line (THP-1) following bacterial exposure. The adherence of the strain to intestinal epithelial cells was comparable to that of the probiotic. Time-lapse experiments showed that E. coli K4 induced cell death while L. plantarum did not affect proliferation at a 10:1 bacteria/cell ratio. L. plantarum down-regulated TLR mRNAs with the exception of TLR2, while L. paracasei F19 and E. coli K4 caused a significant (p<0.05) up-regulation of TLR2 and 4, respectively. To simulate the activation of underlying immune cells in the lamina propria, we analyzed the immunomodulation of L. plantarum on a monocytic cell line, THP-1. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFalpha, were increased by the presence of bacteria. The pathogen E. coli K4 also induced a strong up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL8, IL1beta and IL23. No differences were observed between experimental groups for IFNgamma, IL-10 and IL12p40. Overall, L. plantarum DSMZ 12028 demonstrated probiotic traits, inducing a proinflammatory response just above the "threshold level", which could prevent an inflammatory outcome, while inducing a higher state of alertness in the defense system of the host intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Medical School, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Giuliano M, Stellavato A, Cammarota M, Lamberti M, Miraglia N, Sannolo N, De Rosa M. Effects of low concentrations of benzene on human lung cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2009; 188:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lanza A, Stellavato A, Heulfe I, Landi C, Gombos F, Cirillo N. Serum of patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris impairs keratinocyte wound repair in vitro: a time-lapse study on the efficacy of methylprednisolone and pyridostigmine bromide. Oral Dis 2009; 15:478-83. [PMID: 19519621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease affecting primarily oral mucosa and skin. Among the drugs used for the therapy of pemphigus, both methylprednisolone (MP) and pyridostigmine bromide (PBr) can prevent acantholysis in vitro. However, their putative therapeutic properties in regenerating PV-like lesions and promoting the healing process still remain to be demonstrated. To address this issue, here we have developed a model for studying the process of epithelial cleft regeneration in PV by artificially wounding keratinocyte monolayers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental model was established by scratching confluent monolayers to simulate the epithelial cleft; then, wound regeneration in the presence of submaximal concentrations of PV sera was studied by time-lapse microscopy, with or without the addition of MP and PBr in the culture medium. RESULTS Pemphigus vulgaris serum inhibited epithelial cleft repair of wounded monolayers. Indeed, in the presence of 10% (v/v) PV serum, keratinocytes reached only 2% confluence within 72 h vs an almost complete healing of controls. When administered together with PV sera, MP significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced wound fill by 30% after 72 h. PV-associated wound repair was significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by PBr by 24 h and keratinocytes reached 20% confluence after 72 h. Interestingly, neither MP nor PBr could accelerate wound healing when compared with untreated control monolayers. CONCLUSIONS In PV, MP and PBr exert their curative effects in part by enhancing the regeneration properties of keratinocytes. Indeed, our data suggest that both drugs can specifically counterbalance the detrimental effects of PV serum on keratinocyte wound healing. These findings provide an explanation for the efficacy of MP and PBr in the treatment of PV lesions in human skin and oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lanza
- Regional Center on Craniofacial Malformations-MRI, II University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy
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