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Expression Analysis of a Novel Oxidoreductase Glutaredoxin 2 in Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101857. [PMID: 36290579 PMCID: PMC9598912 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that is an important component of the redox system in organisms. However, there is a serious lack of sequence information and functional validation related to Grx in crustaceans. In this study, a novel Grx was identified in Penaeus monodon (PmGrx2). The full-length cDNA of PmGrx2 is 998 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 441 bp, encoding 119 amino acids. Sequence alignment showed that PmGrx2 had the highest identity with Grx2 of Penaeus vannamei at 96.64% and clustered with Grx2 of other crustaceans. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that PmGrx2 was expressed in all examined tissues, with higher expression levels in the stomach and testis. PmGrx2 was continuously expressed during development and had the highest expression level in the zygote stage. Both ammonia-N stress and bacterial infection could differentially induce the expression of PmGrx2 in hepatopancreas and gills. When PmGrx2 was inhibited, the expression of antioxidant enzymes was suppressed, the degree of apoptosis increased, and the GSH content decreased with the prolongation of ammonia-N stress. Inhibition of PmGrx2 resulted in shrimp being exposed to a greater risk of oxidative damage. In addition, an SNP locus was screened on the exons of PmGrx2 that was significantly associated with an ammonia-N-stress-tolerance trait. This study suggests that PmGrx2 is involved in redox regulation and plays an important role in shrimps’ resistance to marine environmental stresses.
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Han C, Kim HJ, Lee JS, Sakakura Y, Hagiwara A. Species-specific effects of iron on temperate and tropical marine rotifers in reproduction, lipid and ROS metabolisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130317. [PMID: 33780671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two euryhaline rotifers, the temperate species Brachionus plicatilis and tropical species Brachionus rotundiformis, were used to investigate the effects of iron (FeSO4·7H2O), an essential trace metal, on reproductive patterns and lifetables, including the metabolism of lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS). B. plicatilis was more sensitive to iron with regard to sexual reproduction. While iron had no significant effect on the population growth at 0-48 μg/mL, it caused a decrease in the resting egg production. B. plicatilis exposed to 6 and 12 μg/mL of iron showed an increase in the intracellular ROS levels and a decrease in the neutral lipid content in sexual organs, accompanied by downregulation of antioxidant components CuZnSOD and two cytochromes (CYP clan 2&3). These patterns suggested that iron-induced oxidative stress was not neutralized by its antioxidant defense system, thus negatively affecting the fecundity of fertilized mictic females. However, B. rotundiformis showed a dose-dependent increase in population growth with extended lifespan and positive sexual reproduction in response to 0-24 μg/mL iron. Furthermore, compared to Fe-exposed B. plicatilis, B. rotundiformis showed better antioxidant mechanism, whereas genes involved in lipid synthesis (citrate lyase, mitochondrial CYP) and reproduction (vasa, sirtuin-2) were significantly upregulated compared to the control, implying that B. rotundiformis was likely to have higher resilience in response to iron-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that iron is likely to cause interspecific interactions in the B. plicatilis species complex, whereas the tropical species B. rotundiformis may have evolved an effective defense mechanism against iron-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Han
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Yoshitaka Sakakura
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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3
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Kim G, Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Lee J. Molecular characterization, redox regulation, and immune responses of monothiol and dithiol glutaredoxins from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:385-394. [PMID: 33141077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are well-known oxidoreductases involved in a wide range of redox activities in organisms. In this study, two invertebrate Grxs (AbGrx1-like and AbGrx2) from disk abalone were identified and characterized in an effort to gain a deeper understanding into their immune and redox regulatory roles. Both AbGrxs share typical thioredoxin/Grx structures. AbGrx1-like and AbGrx2 were identified as monothiol and diothiol Grxs, respectively. AbGrxs were significantly expressed at the egg and 16-cell stage of early abalone development. Although the expression of both AbGrxs demonstrated similar patterns, the expression of AbGrx1-like was higher than AbGrx2 during development stages. In contrast, AbGrx2 expression was significantly higher than that of AbGrx1-like in adult tissues. Highest AbGrx1-like expression was observed in the hepatopancreas and digestive tract, while highest AbGrx2 expression was found in the gills, followed by the mantle, in healthy adult abalone tissues. The highest expression of AbGrx1-like was observed in the gills at 12 h and 6 h post injection (p.i) of Vibrio parahemolyticus and other stimulants, respectively. The highest expression of AbGrx2 in the gills were observed at 120 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 12 h post injection of V. parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, and Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, respectively. AbGrxs possessed significant 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HED) and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reduction activity, but AbGrx2 exhibited higher redox activity than AbGrx1-like. Altogether, our results suggest an important role of AbGrx1-like and AbGrx2 in redox homeostasis, as well as in the invertebrate immune defense system. Our findings will aid the development of new disease management strategies for this economically valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Yang H, Lee J. Glutaredoxin 2 from big belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) and its potential involvement in cellular redox homeostasis and host immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:411-421. [PMID: 31586678 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins are oxidoreductases present in almost all living organisms. They belong to the thioredoxin superfamily and share the thioredoxin structure and catalytic motif. Glutaredoxin 2 has been identified as a mitochondrial protein in vertebrates. In this study, the sequence of Glutaredoxin 2 from Hippocampus abdominalis (HaGrx2) was analyzed by molecular, transcriptional, and functional assays. In-silico analysis revealed that HaGrx2 shows the highest homology with Hippocampus comes, while distinctly cluster with fish Grx2 orthologs. Tissue distribution analysis showed that HaGrx2 is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, and the highest expression was observed in the brain and skin. Significant HaGrx2 transcript modulation was identified in blood and liver upon injecting bacterial and Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns. The redox activity of HaGrx2 was revealed by Dehydroascorbic reduction and insulin disulfide reduction activity assays. Further, the deglutathionylation activity of 1 nM HaGrx2 was found to be equivalent to that of 0.84 nM HaGrx1. HaGrx2 exhibited antiapoptotic activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in FHM cells. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that HaGrx2 plays a role in redox homeostasis and innate immune responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Currier RB, Ulrich K, Leroux AE, Dirdjaja N, Deambrosi M, Bonilla M, Ahmed YL, Adrian L, Antelmann H, Jakob U, Comini MA, Krauth-Siegel RL. An essential thioredoxin-type protein of Trypanosoma brucei acts as redox-regulated mitochondrial chaperone. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008065. [PMID: 31557263 PMCID: PMC6783113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most known thioredoxin-type proteins (Trx) participate in redox pathways, using two highly conserved cysteine residues to catalyze thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Here we demonstrate that the so far unexplored Trx2 from African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei) lacks protein disulfide reductase activity but functions as an effective temperature-activated and redox-regulated chaperone. Immunofluorescence microscopy and fractionated cell lysis revealed that Trx2 is located in the mitochondrion of the parasite. RNA-interference and gene knock-out approaches showed that depletion of Trx2 impairs growth of both mammalian bloodstream and insect stage procyclic parasites. Procyclic cells lacking Trx2 stop proliferation under standard culture conditions at 27°C and are unable to survive prolonged exposure to 37°C, indicating that Trx2 plays a vital role that becomes augmented under heat stress. Moreover, we found that Trx2 contributes to the in vivo infectivity of T. brucei. Remarkably, a Trx2 version, in which all five cysteines were replaced by serine residues, complements for the wildtype protein in conditional knock-out cells and confers parasite infectivity in the mouse model. Characterization of the recombinant protein revealed that Trx2 can coordinate an iron sulfur cluster and is highly sensitive towards spontaneous oxidation. Moreover, we discovered that both wildtype and mutant Trx2 protect other proteins against thermal aggregation and preserve their ability to refold upon return to non-stress conditions. Activation of the chaperone function of Trx2 appears to be triggered by temperature-mediated structural changes and inhibited by oxidative disulfide bond formation. Our studies indicate that Trx2 acts as a novel chaperone in the unique single mitochondrion of T. brucei and reveal a new perspective regarding the physiological function of thioredoxin-type proteins in trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B. Currier
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ulrich
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Natalie Dirdjaja
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matías Deambrosi
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Fachgebiet Geobiotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institut für Biologie-Mikrobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Priyathilaka TT, Godahewa GI, Lee S, Lee S, Lee J. Glutaredoxin 1 from big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis): Molecular, transcriptional, and functional evidence in teleost immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:40-51. [PMID: 31015065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grx) are redox enzymes conserved in viruses, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes. In this study, we characterized glutaredoxin 1 (HaGrx1) from big-belly seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis. In-silico analysis showed that HaGrx1 contained the classical glutaredoxin 1 structure with a CSYC thioredoxin active site motif. According to multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic reconstruction, HaGrx1 presented the highest homology to the Grx1 ortholog from Hippocampus comes. Transcriptional studies demonstrated the ubiquitous distribution of HaGrx1 transcripts in all the seahorse tissues tested. Significant modulation (p < 0.05) of HaGrx1 transcripts were observed in blood upon stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns and live pathogens. The β-hydroxyethyl disulfide reduction assay confirmed the antioxidant activity of recombinant HaGrx1. Further, dehydroascorbate reduction and insulin disulfide reduction assays revealed the oxidoreductase activity of HaGrx1. HaGrx1 utilized 1,4-dithiothreitol, l-cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, and reduced l-glutathione as reducing agent with different dehydroascorbate reduction activity levels. Altogether, our results suggested a vital role of HaGrx1 in redox homeostasis as well as the host innate immune defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Sturlese M, Manta B, Bertarello A, Bonilla M, Lelli M, Zambelli B, Grunberg K, Mammi S, Comini MA, Bellanda M. The lineage-specific, intrinsically disordered N-terminal extension of monothiol glutaredoxin 1 from trypanosomes contains a regulatory region. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13716. [PMID: 30209332 PMCID: PMC6135854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (Grx) are small proteins conserved throughout all the kingdoms of life that are engaged in a wide variety of biological processes and share a common thioredoxin-fold. Among them, class II Grx are redox-inactive proteins involved in iron-sulfur (FeS) metabolism. They contain a single thiol group in their active site and use low molecular mass thiols such as glutathione as ligand for binding FeS-clusters. In this study, we investigated molecular aspects of 1CGrx1 from the pathogenic parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei, a mitochondrial class II Grx that fulfills an indispensable role in vivo. Mitochondrial 1CGrx1 from trypanosomes differs from orthologues in several features including the presence of a parasite-specific N-terminal extension (NTE) whose role has yet to be elucidated. Previously we have solved the structure of a truncated form of 1CGrx1 containing only the conserved glutaredoxin domain but lacking the NTE. Our aim here is to investigate the effect of the NTE on the conformation of the protein. We therefore solved the NMR structure of the full-length protein, which reveals subtle but significant differences with the structure of the NTE-less form. By means of different experimental approaches, the NTE proved to be intrinsically disordered and not involved in the non-redox dependent protein dimerization, as previously suggested. Interestingly, the portion comprising residues 65–76 of the NTE modulates the conformational dynamics of the glutathione-binding pocket, which may play a role in iron-sulfur cluster assembly and delivery. Furthermore, we disclosed that the class II-strictly conserved loop that precedes the active site is critical for stabilizing the protein structure. So far, this represents the first communication of a Grx containing an intrinsically disordered region that defines a new protein subgroup within class II Grx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sturlese
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Manta
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Igua 4425, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Andrea Bertarello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Moreno Lelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Karin Grunberg
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Chung HS, Lee S, Park SJ. Oxidation Protection in Metal-Binding Peptide Motif and Its Application to Antibody for Site-Selective Conjugation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159451. [PMID: 27420328 PMCID: PMC4946781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that a metal ion binding motif could serve as an efficient and robust tool for site-specific conjugation strategy. Cysteine-containing metal binding motifs were constructed as single repeat or tandem repeat peptides and their metal binding characteristics were investigated. The tandem repeats of the Cysteine-Glycine-Histidine (CGH) metal ion binding motif exhibited concerted binding to Co(II) ions, suggesting that conformational transition of peptide was triggered by the sequential metal ion binding. Evaluation of the free thiol content after reduction by reducing reagent showed that metal-ion binding elicited strong retardation of cysteine oxidation in the order of Zn(II)>Ni(II)>Co(II). The CGH metal ion binding motif was then introduced to the C-terminus of antibody heavy chain and the metal ion-dependent characteristics of oxidation kinetics were investigated. As in the case of peptides, CGH-motif-introduced antibody exhibited strong dependence on metal ion binding to protect against oxidation. Zn(II)-saturated antibody with tandem repeat of CGH motif retains the cysteine reactivity as long as 22 hour even with saturating O2 condition. Metal-ion dependent fluorophore labeling clearly indicated that metal binding motifs could be employed as an efficient tool for site-specific conjugation. Whereas Trastuzumab without a metal ion binding site exhibited site-nonspecific dye conjugation, Zn(II) ion binding to antibody with a tandem repeat of CGH motif showed that fluorophores were site-specifically conjugated to the heavy chain of antibody. We believe that this strong metal ion dependence on oxidation protection and the resulting site-selective conjugation could be exploited further to develop a highly site-specific conjugation strategy for proteins that contain multiple intrinsic cysteine residues, including monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Shin Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-daero 62, Jeon-min Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunbae Lee
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-daero 62, Jeon-min Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soon Jae Park
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-daero 62, Jeon-min Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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9
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Bisio H, Bonilla M, Manta B, Graña M, Salzman V, Aguilar PS, Gladyshev VN, Comini MA, Salinas G. A New Class of Thioredoxin-Related Protein Able to Bind Iron-Sulfur Clusters. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:205-216. [PMID: 26381228 PMCID: PMC6913166 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Members of the thioredoxin (Trx) protein family participate mainly in redox pathways and have not been associated with Fe/S binding, in contrast to some closely related glutaredoxins (Grxs). Cestode parasites possess an unusual diversity of Trxs and Trx-related proteins with unexplored functions. In this study, we addressed the biochemical characterization of a new class of Trx-related protein (IsTRP) and a classical monothiol Grx (EgGrx5) from the human pathogen Echinococcus granulosus. RESULTS The dimeric form of IsTRP coordinates Fe2S2 in a glutathione-independent manner; instead, Fe/S binding relies on the CXXC motif conserved among Trxs. This novel binding mechanism allows holo-IsTRP to be highly resistant to oxidation. IsTRP lacks canonical reductase activities. Mitochondrially targeted IsTRP aids growth of a Grx5 null yeast strain. Similar complementation assays performed with EgGrx5 revealed functional conservation for class II Grxs, despite the presence of nonconserved structural elements. IsTRP is a cestode lineage-specific protein highly expressed in the gravid adult worm, which releases the infective stage critical for dissemination. INNOVATION IsTRP is the first member from the Trx family to be reported to bind Fe/S. We disclose a novel mechanism of Fe/S coordination within the Trx folding unit, which renders the cluster highly resistant to oxidation-mediated disassembly. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that IsTRP defines a new protein family within the Trx superfamily, confirm the conservation of function for class II Grx from nonphylogenetically related species, and highlight the versatility of the Trx folding unit to acquire Fe/S binding as a recurrent emergent function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bisio
- 1 Worm Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- 2 Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Manta
- 2 Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Graña
- 3 Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Salzman
- 4 Cellular Membranes Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo S Aguilar
- 4 Cellular Membranes Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- 5 Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- 2 Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Salinas
- 1 Worm Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay .,6 Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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Couturier J, Przybyla-Toscano J, Roret T, Didierjean C, Rouhier N. The roles of glutaredoxins ligating Fe–S clusters: Sensing, transfer or repair functions? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1513-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Knaff DB, Sutton RB. Utility of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 glutaredoxin A as a platform to study high-resolution mutagenesis of proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:461. [PMID: 24298277 PMCID: PMC3828617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a small protein, containing only 88 amino acids, that participates in a large number of redox reactions, serving both as an electron donor for enzyme-catalyzed reductions and as a regulator of diverse metabolic pathways. The crystal structures of glutaredoxins from several species have been solved, including the glutaredoxin A isoform from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We have utilized the small size of Synechocystis glutaredoxin A and its propensity to form protein crystals that diffract to high resolution to explore a long-standing question in biochemistry; i.e., what are the effects of mutations on protein structure and function? Taking advantage of these properties, we have initiated a long-term educational project that would examine the structural and biochemical changes in glutaredoxin as a function of single-point mutational replacements. Here, we report some of the mutational effects that we have observed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Knaff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, TX, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, TX, USA
| | - Roger B. Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbock, TX, USA
- Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbock, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Roger B. Sutton, Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St., Mailstop 6551, Lubbock, TX 79430-6551, USA e-mail:
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