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Alzahrani MS, Almutairy B, Althobaiti YS, Alsaab HO. Recent Advances in RNA Interference-Based Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Emphasis on siRNA. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1947-1964. [PMID: 38987439 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Even though RNA treatments were first proposed as a way to change aberrant signaling in cancer, research in this field is currently ongoing. The term "RNAi" refers to the use of several RNAi technologies, including ribozymes, riboswitches, Aptamers, small interfering RNA (siRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The siRNA therapy has already achieved a remarkable feat by revolutionizing the treatment arena of cancers. Unlike small molecules and antibodies, which need administration every three months or even every two years, RNAi may be given every quarter to attain therapeutic results. In order to overcome complex challenges, delivering siRNAs to the targeted tissues and cells effectively and safely and improving the effectiveness of siRNAs in terms of their action, stability, specificity, and potential adverse consequences are required. In this context, the three primary techniques of siRNA therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are accomplished for inhibiting angiogenesis, decreasing cell proliferation, and promoting apoptosis, are discussed in this review. We also deliberate targeting issues, immunogenic reactions to siRNA therapy, and the difficulties with their intrinsic chemistry and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhang Y, Hao M, Yang X, Zhang S, Han J, Wang Z, Chen HN. Reactive oxygen species in colorectal cancer adjuvant therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166922. [PMID: 37898425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a prevalent global malignancy, often necessitates adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy to mitigate tumor burden in advanced stages. The efficacy of these therapies is significantly influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous research underscores the pivotal role of ROS in gut pathology, targeted therapy, and drug resistance. ROS-mediated CRC adjuvant therapies encompass a myriad of mechanisms, including cell death and proliferation, survival and cell cycle, DNA damage, metabolic reprogramming, and angiogenesis. Preliminary clinical trials have begun to unveil the potential of ROS-manipulating therapy in enhancing CRC adjuvant therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of studies exploring the role of ROS in CRC adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengqiu Hao
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center and Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Liu M, Zhou X, Li Y, Ma S, Pan L, Zhang X, Zheng W, Wu Z, Wang K, Ahsan A, Wu J, Jiang L, Lu Y, Hu W, Qin Z, Chen Z, Zhang X. TIGAR alleviates oxidative stress in brain with extended ischemia via a pentose phosphate pathway-independent manner. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102323. [PMID: 35576689 PMCID: PMC9118922 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) alleviates oxidative stress and protects against ischemic neuronal injury by shifting glucose metabolism into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, the brain alters glucose metabolism from PPP to glycolysis during prolonged ischemia. It is still unknown whether and how TIGAR exerts the antioxidant activity and neuroprotection in prolonged ischemic brains. Here, we determined the significant upregulation of TIGAR that was proportional to the duration of ischemia. However, TIGAR failed to upregulate the NADPH level but still alleviated oxidative stress in neuronal cells with prolonged oxygen glucose-deprivation (OGD). Furthermore, inhibiting PPP activity, either by the expression of mutant TIGAR (which lacks enzymatic activity) or by silencing Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, still retained antioxidant effects and neuroprotection of TIGAR with prolonged OGD. Intriguingly, TIGAR-induced autophagy alleviated oxidative stress, contributing to neuron survival. Further experiments indicated that TIGAR-induced autophagy neutralized oxidative stress by activating Nrf2, which was cancelled by ML385 or Nrf2 knockdown. Remarkably, either Atg7 deletion or Nrf2 silencing abolished the neuroprotection of TIGAR in mice with prolonged ischemia. Taken together, we found a PPP-independent pathway in which TIGAR alleviates oxidative stress. TIGAR induces autophagy and, thus, activates Nrf2, offering sustainable antioxidant defense in brains with extended ischemia. This previously unexplored mechanism of TIGAR may serve as a critical compensation for antioxidant activity caused by the lack of glucose in ischemic stroke. We identified a PPP-independent mechanism of TIGAR to neutralize ROS in neurons with extended ischemia. In neuronal cells with prolonged ischemia, TIGAR-induced autophagy alleviated oxidative stress. TIGAR-induced autophagy activated Nrf2, which compensated for the poor NADPH generation with prolonged ischemia.
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Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061462. [PMID: 35326612 PMCID: PMC8945922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy resistance is a common occurrence during cancer treatment that cancer researchers are attempting to understand and overcome. Mitochondria are a crucial intracellular signaling core that are becoming important determinants of numerous aspects of cancer genesis and progression, such as metabolic reprogramming, metastatic capability, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, can influence both the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and the degree of drug resistance. Regardless of the fact that mitochondria are well-known for coordinating ATP synthesis from cellular respiration in cellular bioenergetics, little is known its mitophagy regulation in chemoresistance. Recent advancements in mitochondrial research, mitophagy regulatory mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance are discussed in this review. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. One of the well-known mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance is the change in the mitochondrial death pathways which occur when cells are under stressful situations, such as chemotherapy. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical for cell quality control because it can efficiently break down, remove, and recycle defective or damaged mitochondria. As cancer cells use mitophagy to rapidly sweep away damaged mitochondria in order to mediate their own drug resistance, it influences the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy as well as the degree of drug resistance. Yet despite the importance of mitochondria and mitophagy in chemotherapy resistance, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. As a consequence, identifying potential therapeutic targets by analyzing the signal pathways that govern mitophagy has become a vital research goal. In this paper, we review recent advances in mitochondrial research, mitophagy control mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance.
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Saffari-Chaleshtori J, Asadi-Samani M, Rasouli M, Shafiee SM. Autophagy and Ubiquitination as Two Major Players in Colorectal Cancer: A Review on Recent Patents. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:143-153. [PMID: 32603286 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200630103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men and women, Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Recent anti- CRC therapies are now targeting specific signaling pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and autophagy are two main protein quality control systems, which play major roles in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. A balanced function of these two pathways is necessary for the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we discuss the available evidence regarding the roles of autophagy and ubiquitination in progression and inhibition of CRC. METHODS The search terms "colorectal cancer" or "colon cancer" or "colorectal carcinoma" or "colon carcinoma" in combination with "ubiquitin proteasome" and "autophagy" were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and also Google Patents (https://patents.google .com) from January 2000 to Feb 2020. RESULTS The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy have been investigated. There are many important factors involved in UPS and autophagy but this systematic review shows the studies that have mostly focused on the role of ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR in CRC, and the more important factors such as ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR factors that are effective in the regulation of autophagy in CRC cells have not been yet investigated. CONCLUSION The most important factors involved in UPS and autophagy such as ATG, 20s proteasome and mTOR, ATG8, FIP200, and TIGAR can be considered in drug therapy for controlling or activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saffari-Chaleshtori
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasouli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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MicroRNAs Regulating Autophagy in Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1208:191-264. [PMID: 34260028 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-2830-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Social and economic impacts of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) become more prominent in our constantly aging population. Currently, due to the lack of knowledge about the aetiology of most NDs, only symptomatic treatment is available for patients. Hence, researchers and clinicians are in need of solid studies on pathological mechanisms of NDs. Autophagy promotes degradation of pathogenic proteins in NDs, while microRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate multiple signalling networks including autophagy. This chapter will critically discuss current research advancements in the area of microRNAs regulating autophagy in NDs. Moreover, we will introduce basic strategies and techniques used in microRNA research. Delineation of the mechanisms contributing to NDs will result in development of better approaches for their early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Agca CA, Kırıcı M, Nedzvetsky VS, Gundogdu R, Tykhomyrov AA. The Effect of TIGAR Knockdown on Apoptotic and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Markers Expression in Doxorubicin-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000441. [PMID: 32639659 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a critical problem in cancer therapy, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. TP53-induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase (TIGAR), an important glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, plays a crucial role in cancer cell survival by protecting cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether TIGAR is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), A549/DOX cells. We found that the expression of TIGAR was significantly higher in A549/DOX cells than in the parent A549 cell lines. siRNA-mediated TIGAR knockdown reduced migration, viability and colony survival of doxorubicin-resistant lung cancer cells. Also, TIGAR knockdown decreased pro-survival protein Bcl-2 and increased pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, TIGAR depletion significantly up-regulated both caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression. Furthermore, TIGAR depletion up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated the expression of vimentin. These results indicate that TIGAR knockdown may inhibit EMT in doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human NSCLC and may represent a therapeutic target for a non-small lung cancer cells chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ali Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mahinur Kırıcı
- Department of Chemistry, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Victor S Nedzvetsky
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey.,Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Dnipro National University, 49000, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | | | - Artem A Tykhomyrov
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
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8
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Liu Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Li X, Gao J, Zhang S, Xing C, Qin H, Zhao H, Zhao Z. TIGAR Promotes Tumorigenesis and Protects Tumor Cells From Oxidative and Metabolic Stresses in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1258. [PMID: 31799200 PMCID: PMC6878961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adopt glycolysis to facilitate the generation of biosynthetic substrates demanded by cell proliferation and growth, and to adapt to stress conditions such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) is a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase that is regulated by p53. TIGAR functions to inhibit glycolysis and promote antioxidative activities, which assists the generation of NADPH to maintain the levels of GSH and thus reduces intracellular ROS. However, the functions of TIGAR in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. TIGAR expression levels were detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer samples, along with four established cell lines of GC. The functions of TIGAR were determined by utilizing shRNA-mediated knockdown experiments. The NADPH/NADP+ ratio, ROS, mitochondrial ATP production, and phosphorus oxygen ratios were determined in TIGAR-depleted cells. Xenograft experiment was conducted with BALB/c nude mice. TIGAR was up-regulated compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues in primary GCs. TIGAR knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. TIGAR protected cancer cells from oxidative stress-caused damages, but also glycolysis defects. TIGAR also increased the production of NADPH in gastric cancer cells. TIGAR knockdown led to increased ROS production, elevated mitochondrial ATP production, and phosphorus oxygen ratios. The prognosis of high TIGAR expression patients was significantly poorer than those with low TIGAR expression. Taken together, TIGAR exhibits oncogenic features in GC, which can be evaluated as a target for intervention in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Menglang Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuelu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiyue Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shanni Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Chengjuan Xing
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuowei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Mao Z, Han X, Chen D, Xu Y, Xu L, Yin L, Sun H, Qi Y, Fang L, Liu K, Peng J. Potent effects of dioscin against hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR)-mediated apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:919-937. [PMID: 30710454 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dioscin shows potent effects against cancers. We aimed to elucidate its pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo and in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of dioscin were investigated in SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells, diethylnitrosamine-induced primary liver cancer in rats, and cell xenografts in nude mice. Isobaric tags for relative and absolution quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics was used to find dioscin's targets and investigate its mechanism. KEY RESULTS In SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells dioscin markedly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, induced apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage. It inhibited DEN-induced primary liver cancer in rats, markedly changed body weights and restored levels of α fetoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and Ki67. It also inhibited growth of xenografts in mice. In SMMC7721 cells, 191 differentially expressed proteins were found after dioscin, based on iTRAQ-based assay. TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) was identified as being significantly down-regulated by dioscin. Dioscin induced cell apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage via increasing expression levels of p53, cleaved PARP, Bax, cleaved caspase-3/9, Beclin-1, and LC3 and suppressing those of Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), CDK5, p-ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM). The transfection of TIGAR siRNA into SMMC7721 cells and xenografts in nude mice further confirmed that the potent activity of dioscin against HCC is evoked by adjusting TIGAR-mediated inhibition of p53, Akt/mTOR, and CDK5/ATM pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The data suggest that dioscin has potential as a therapeutic, and TIGAR as a drug target for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dahong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Wei M, Peng J, Wu P, Chen P, Yang H, Cui Y, Yang L. Prognostic value of TIGAR and LC3B protein expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5605-5616. [PMID: 30519107 PMCID: PMC6237137 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Autophagy, the process responsible for degrading cytoplasmic organelles to sustain cellular metabolism, has been associated with cancer initiation and progression. As TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is among the important genes that can regulate autophagy, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression levels of TIGAR and the autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3B), as well as their association with clinical outcomes, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Methods We detected the expressions of TIGAR and LC3B in 182 NPC tissue samples via immunohistochemical staining. Results A significant correlation between TIGAR and LC3B expressions was identified (P=0.045). Moreover, survival analysis showed that TIGAR− or LC3B+ expression was associated with improved overall survival, local regional failure-free survival, distant failure-free survival, and failure-free survival rates, compared with TIGAR+ or LC3B− expression, respectively. Meanwhile, when combining TIGAR with LC3B expression in terms of prognostic value, patients with TIGAR+/LC3B− expression were significantly disadvantaged with regard to overall survival, local regional failure-free survival, distant failure-free survival, and failure-free survival compared with other groups based on the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses (all P<0.05). Conclusion TIGAR and LC3B may be novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of NPC patients and could be utilized as potential targets for future therapeutics aimed at treating NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hongru Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yongxia Cui
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Linglin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, People's Republic of China, ;
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11
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Targeting Strategies for Glucose Metabolic Pathways and T Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:534-550. [PMID: 30360743 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181015150138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that result from the accumulation of different sets of genomic alterations, together with epigenomic alterations, and it is influenced by tumor-host interactions, leading to tumor cell growth and glycolytic imbalances. This review summarizes recent findings that involve multiple signaling molecules and downstream genes in the dysregulated glycolytic pathway. This paper further discusses the role of the dysregulated glycolytic pathway in the tumor initiation, progression and the concomitant systemic immunosuppression commonly observed in colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, the relationship between colorectal cancer cells and T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, is discussed, while different aspects of metabolic pathway regulation in cancer cell proliferation are comprehensively defined. Furthermore, this study elaborates on metabolism in colorectal cancer, specifically key metabolic modulators together with regulators, glycolytic enzymes, and glucose deprivation induced by tumor cells and how they inhibit T-cell glycolysis and immunogenic functions. Moreover, metabolic pathways that are integral to T cell function, differentiation, and activation are described. Selective metabolic inhibitors or immunemodulation agents targeting these pathways may be clinically useful to increase effector T cell responses for colorectal cancer treatment. However, there is a need to identify specific antigens using a cancer patient-personalized approach and combination strategies with other therapeutic agents to effectively target tumor metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
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Geng J, Yuan X, Wei M, Wu J, Qin ZH. The diverse role of TIGAR in cellular homeostasis and cancer. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1240-1249. [PMID: 30284488 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1489133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a p53 target protein that plays critical roles in glycolysis and redox balance. Accumulating evidence shows that TIGAR is highly expressed in cancer. TIGAR redirects glycolysis and promotes carcinoma growth by providing metabolic intermediates and reductive power derived from pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The expression of TIGAR in cancer is positively associated with chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that TIGAR could be a novel therapeutic target. In this review, we briefly presented the function of TIGAR in metabolic homeostasis in normal and cancer cells. Finally, we discussed the future directions of TIGAR research in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Geng
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- b Pathology Department , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Mingzhen Wei
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Junchao Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- a Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , PR China
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13
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TIGAR inclusion pathology is specific for Lewy body diseases. Brain Res 2018; 1706:218-223. [PMID: 30267647 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported up-regulation of tigarb (the zebrafish orthologue of human TIGAR, TP53 - Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator) in a zebrafish pink1-/- model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic inactivation of tigarb led to the rescue of dopaminergic neurons and mitochondrial function in pink-/- zebrafish. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of TIGAR for human PD, investigate its disease specificity and identify relevant upstream and downstream mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS TIGAR Immunohistochemistry, using a range of antibodies, was undertaken for detailed assessment of TIGAR in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from post mortem brains of PD patients and other neurodegenerative disorders (n = 10 controls, 10 PD cases, 10 dementia with Lewy bodies, 5 motor neurone disease (MND), 3 multiple system atrophy (MSA)) and complemented by immunohistochemistry for p53, hexokinase I (HK-I) and hexokinase II (HK-II; n = 4 control, 4 PD, and 4 dementia with Lewy bodies). RESULTS TIGAR was detected in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the substantia nigra of sporadic PD and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. Staining of adjacent sections and double staining confirmed the presence of TIGAR alongside alpha-synuclein in these LB and neurites. In contrast, TIGAR-positive aggregates were not seen in cortical Lewy bodies. TIGAR protein was also absent in both TDP-43-positive inclusions in MND and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in MSA. Subsequent investigation of the TIGAR-upstream regulator p53 and the downstream targets HK-I and HK-II in PD brains suggested a possible mild increase in HK-I. CONCLUSIONS TIGAR protein, is present in SN Lewy bodies of both sporadic PD and DLB. The absence of TIGAR protein in the pathological inclusions of MND or MSA suggests disease specificity and further raises the possibility that TIGAR may be involved in PD pathogenesis.
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Bartrons R, Simon-Molas H, Rodríguez-García A, Castaño E, Navarro-Sabaté À, Manzano A, Martinez-Outschoorn UE. Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate in Cancer Cell Metabolism. Front Oncol 2018; 8:331. [PMID: 30234009 PMCID: PMC6131595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, pioneers in the field of cancer cell metabolism, such as Otto Warburg, have focused on the idea that tumor cells maintain high glycolytic rates even with adequate oxygen supply, in what is known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Recent studies have reported a more complex situation, where the tumor ecosystem plays a more critical role in cancer progression. Cancer cells display extraordinary plasticity in adapting to changes in their tumor microenvironment, developing strategies to survive and proliferate. The proliferation of cancer cells needs a high rate of energy and metabolic substrates for biosynthesis of biomolecules. These requirements are met by the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and others present in the tumor microenvironment, which is essential for tumor survival and spread. Metabolic reprogramming involves a complex interplay between oncogenes, tumor suppressors, growth factors and local factors in the tumor microenvironment. These factors can induce overexpression and increased activity of glycolytic isoenzymes and proteins in stromal and cancer cells which are different from those expressed in normal cells. The fructose-6-phosphate/fructose-1,6-bisphosphate cycle, catalyzed by 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase/fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (PFK1/FBPase1) isoenzymes, plays a key role in controlling glycolytic rates. PFK1/FBpase1 activities are allosterically regulated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, the product of the enzymatic activity of the dual kinase/phosphatase family of enzymes: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB1-4) and TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), which show increased expression in a significant number of tumor types. In this review, the function of these isoenzymes in the regulation of metabolism, as well as the regulatory factors modulating their expression and activity in the tumor ecosystem are discussed. Targeting these isoenzymes, either directly or by inhibiting their activating factors, could be a promising approach for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bartrons
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Helga Simon-Molas
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-García
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Esther Castaño
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Àurea Navarro-Sabaté
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Manzano
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Catalunya, Spain
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15
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Yuan X, Wang B, Yang L, Zhang Y. The role of ROS-induced autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:306-312. [PMID: 29544680 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a main cause of cancer-related mortality and its etiology is not fully understood. As prominent factors that regulate cellular homeostasis, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy are considered to play an essential role in the liver carcinogenesis. However, the crosstalk between ROS and autophagy is not well characterized in the pathogenesis of HCC. This review summarizes the roles of autophagy in ROS-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis and discusses the role of ROS-induced autophagy in HCC cell fate decision following treatment with chemotherapeutic agents in preclinical settings, which may allow the identification of novel strategies for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nangang branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 33 West Dazhi Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150006, China.
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16
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Wang H, Cheng Q, Li X, Hu F, Han L, Zhang H, Li L, Ge J, Ying X, Guo X, Wang Q. Loss of TIGAR Induces Oxidative Stress and Meiotic Defects in Oocytes from Obese Mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1354-1364. [PMID: 29776966 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has been reported to impair oocyte quality in mice, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, by conducting a comparative proteomic analysis, we identified a reduced expression of TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) protein in ovulated oocytes from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Specific depletion of TIGAR in mouse oocytes results in the marked elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the failure of meiotic apparatus assembly. Importantly, forced expression of TIGAR in HFD oocytes not only attenuates ROS production, but also partly prevents spindle disorganization and chromosome misalignment during meiosis. Meantime, we noted that TIGAR knockdown in oocytes induces a strong activation of autophagy, whereas overexpression of TIGAR significantly reduces the LC3 accumulation in HFD oocytes. By anti-oxidant treatment, we further demonstrated that such an autophagic response is dependent on the TIGAR-controlled ROS production. In summary, our data indicate a role for TIGAR in modulating redox homeostasis during oocyte maturation, and uncover that loss of TIGAR is a critical pathway mediating the effects of maternal obesity on oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Qing Cheng
- §Departement of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University.,¶College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Feifei Hu
- ‖Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210000
| | - Longsen Han
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Hao Zhang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Ling Li
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Juan Ge
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiaoyan Ying
- ‖Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, 210000
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University;
| | - Qiang Wang
- From the ‡State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University;
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17
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Synthetic Dibenzoxanthene Derivatives Induce Apoptosis Through Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Cancer Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Feng J, Luo L, Liu Y, Fu S, Chen J, Duan X, Xiang L, Zhang Y, Wu J, Fan J, Wen Q, Zhang Y, Yang J, Peng J, Zhao M, Yang L. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator is indispensable for mitochondria quality control and degradation following damage. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:155-160. [PMID: 29375708 PMCID: PMC5766069 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been described as 'the powerhouse of the cell' as the organelle generates the majority of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells to support life. Mitochondria can be damaged due to stress, for example by reactive oxygen species (ROS). TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) serves a role in suppressing ROS damage and may protect mitochondria integrity. In the present study, the localization of TIGAR on mitochondria in 5-8F cells was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was indicated that the knockdown of TIGAR using lentivirus-short hairpin RNA induces the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c leakage. However, these damaged mitochondria were not degraded in cells, but exhibited an abnormal appearance as indicated by mitochondrial swelling, crista collapse and vacuolization, with physiological dysfunction marked by reduced ATP production. Therefore, TIGAR maybe an indispensable protein for mitochondrial protection and degradation following cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingpin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Linglin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Dehdashtian E, Mehrzadi S, Yousefi B, Hosseinzadeh A, Reiter RJ, Safa M, Ghaznavi H, Naseripour M. Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:20-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Role of multifaceted regulators in cancer glucose metabolism and their clinical significance. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31572-85. [PMID: 26934324 PMCID: PMC5058779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glucose metabolism, "aerobic glycolysis" or "Warburg effect", is a hallmark of human cancers. There is a cluster of "multifaceted regulators", which plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. They can not only modulate the activities of specific enzymes, but also act as transcriptional activators to regulate the expression of metabolism related genes. Additionally, they can crosstalk with other key factors involved in glucose metabolism and work together to initiate multiple oncogenic processes. These "multifaceted regulators", especially p53, HIF-1, TIGAR and microRNA, will be focused in this review. And we will comprehensively illustrate their regulatory effects on cancer glucose metabolism, and further elaborate on their clinical significance. In-depth elucidation the role of "multifaceted regulators" in cancer glucose metabolism will provide us novel insights in cancer research field and offer promising therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapies.
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21
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Lou Y, Yu W, Han L, Yang S, Wang Y, Ren T, Yu J, Zhao A. ROS activates autophagy in follicular granulosa cells via mTOR pathway to regulate broodiness in goose. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:97-103. [PMID: 28866373 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Broodiness causes reduced reproductive ability in poultry, but its regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood. ROS (reactive oxygen species) and autophagy are important for follicular development, and the interaction between the two may play a role in regulating broodiness. We examined goose follicles for ROS and oxidation scavenger activities during the egg-laying and broody stages. The follicular granulosa cells were exposed to media containing H2O2, and the interactions between ROS and autophagy in follicular granulosa cells in vitro were analyzed using a Western blot method. We found that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were enhanced and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in broody goose follicles. H2O2 inhibited the cell viability and induced autophagy. Furthermore, it was also found that H2O2 regulated autophagy by reducing mTOR and increasing p53; however, H2O2 had no impact on Beclin1 or ATG12. It was also shown that the enhanced autophagy lessened ROS-induced damages. We conclude that ROS and autophagy both played important roles in regulating follicular development to control broodiness in geese, and ROS activated autophagy in follicular granulosa cells via the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Wensai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Songbai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ting Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Ayong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huanbei Road, Lin'an 311300, China.
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22
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Ko YH, Domingo-Vidal M, Roche M, Lin Z, Whitaker-Menezes D, Seifert E, Capparelli C, Tuluc M, Birbe RC, Tassone P, Curry JM, Navarro-Sabaté À, Manzano A, Bartrons R, Caro J, Martinez-Outschoorn U. TP53-inducible Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator (TIGAR) Metabolically Reprograms Carcinoma and Stromal Cells in Breast Cancer. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26291-26303. [PMID: 27803158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of breast cancers has several metabolic compartments. The mechanisms by which metabolic compartmentalization develop in tumors are poorly characterized. TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a bisphosphatase that reduces glycolysis and is highly expressed in carcinoma cells in the majority of human breast cancers. Hence we set out to determine the effects of TIGAR expression on breast carcinoma and fibroblast glycolytic phenotype and tumor growth. The overexpression of this bisphosphatase in carcinoma cells induces expression of enzymes and transporters involved in the catabolism of lactate and glutamine. Carcinoma cells overexpressing TIGAR have higher oxygen consumption rates and ATP levels when exposed to glutamine, lactate, or the combination of glutamine and lactate. Coculture of TIGAR overexpressing carcinoma cells and fibroblasts compared with control cocultures induce more pronounced glycolytic differences between carcinoma and fibroblast cells. Carcinoma cells overexpressing TIGAR have reduced glucose uptake and lactate production. Conversely, fibroblasts in coculture with TIGAR overexpressing carcinoma cells induce HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) activation with increased glucose uptake, increased 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3), and lactate dehydrogenase-A expression. We also studied the effect of this enzyme on tumor growth. TIGAR overexpression in carcinoma cells increases tumor growth in vivo with increased proliferation rates. However, a catalytically inactive variant of TIGAR did not induce tumor growth. Therefore, TIGAR expression in breast carcinoma cells promotes metabolic compartmentalization and tumor growth with a mitochondrial metabolic phenotype with lactate and glutamine catabolism. Targeting TIGAR warrants consideration as a potential therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Lin
- From the Department of Medical Oncology
| | | | - Erin Seifert
- the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology
| | | | | | - Ruth C Birbe
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey 08103
| | - Patrick Tassone
- the Department of Otolaryngology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Joseph M Curry
- the Department of Otolaryngology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Àurea Navarro-Sabaté
- the Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, Spain, and
| | - Anna Manzano
- the Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, Spain, and
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- the Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08907, Spain, and
| | - Jaime Caro
- the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Al-Khayal K, Abdulla M, Al-Obeed O, Al Kattan W, Zubaidi A, Vaali-Mohammed MA, Alsheikh A, Ahmad R. Identification of the TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator in various stages of colorectal cancer patients. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1281-6. [PMID: 26675982 PMCID: PMC4750753 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a p53 target gene known to regulate glycolysis by acting as fructose bis-phosphatase (FBPase) and modulate reactive oxygen species. TIGAR expression has been implicated in oncogenesis and progression of several human cancers. However, TIGAR expression is not known in various stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). There is an increase in the colorectal cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia. We sought to analyze TIGAR expression in this ethnic group. The aim of this study was to investigate the TIGAR expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from Saudi Arabia. Tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 22 matched colorectal tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. TIGAR expression was examined in TMA slide using immunohistochemistry. TIGAR mRNA was determined in 14 matched tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue. TIGAR protein expression was also examined in CRC tumor tissues and cell lines. Statistical analyses (t-test) were applied to evaluate the significance of TIGAR expression. TIGAR mRNA level was upregulated significantly in stage II (p<0.01) and stage III (p<0.05) when compared to adjacent normal tissue. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that TIGAR expression was increased in colorectal cancer. Strong TIGAR positive staining was found in 68% (15/22) of the tumor samples with nuclear localization. TIGAR staining was found to be significantly increased in early stage (stage I and II) CRC (p<0.05) and late stage (stage III and IV) CRC (p<0.01). TIGAR protein was also found to be highly expressed in stage II and III colorectal cancer tissues and CRC cell lines. These findings indicate that TIGAR is highly expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in colorectal cancer with prominent nuclear localization. TIGAR expression may be used as a bio-marker for detection of colorectal cancer and can be used as a target for developing therapeutics for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayal Al-Khayal
- Colorectal Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Al Kattan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Zubaidi
- Colorectal Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulmalik Alsheikh
- Department of Pathology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhao M, Fan J, Liu Y, Yu Y, Xu J, Wen Q, Zhang J, Fu S, Wang B, Xiang L, Feng J, Wu J, Yang L. Oncogenic role of the TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through NF-κB pathway modulation. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:756-64. [PMID: 26691054 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a p53 target gene, which functions to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and protect cells from apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the role of TIGAR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis. Imnunohistochemical analysis of the tissue specimens from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients showed a higher expression level of TIGAR in tumor tissues, compared with normal nasopharyngeal epithelium. Knockdown of TIGAR by lentivirus-shRNA in CNE-2 or 5-8F cells resulted in decreased cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis. TIGAR overexpression exerted the opposite effects except for apoptosis reduction. In the xenograft tumor models, TIGAR knockdown reduced tumor growth rate and weight, whereas TIGAR overexpression showed the opposite effects. In addition, the NF-κB signaling pathway was decreased in TIGAR silenced cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that TIGAR acted as an oncogene in NPC tumorigenesis, and knockdown of TIGAR inhibited NPC tumor growth through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxin Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Biqiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Linglin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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The bifunctional autophagic flux by 2-deoxyglucose to control survival or growth of prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:623. [PMID: 26345371 PMCID: PMC4562121 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent reports using metabolism regulating drugs showed that nutrient deprivation was an efficient tool to suppress cancer progression. In addition, autophagy control is emerging to prevent cancer cell survival. Autophagy breaks down the unnecessary cytoplasmic components into anabolic units and energy sources, which are the most important sources for making the ATP that maintains homeostasis in cancer cell growth and survival. Therefore, the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) has been used as an anticancer reagent due to its inhibition of glycolysis. Methods Prostate cancer cells (PC3) were treated with 2DG for 6 h or 48 h to analyze the changing of cell cycle and autophagic flux. Rapamycin and LC3B overexpressing vectors were administered to PC3 cells for autophagy induction and chloroquine and shBeclin1 plasmid were used to inhibit autophagy in PC3 cells to analyze PC3 cells growth and survival. The samples for western blotting were prepared in each culture condition to confirm the expression level of autophagy related and regulating proteins. Results We demonstrated that 2DG inhibits PC3 cells growth and had discriminating effects on autophagy regulation based on the different time period of 2DG treatment to control cell survival. Short-term treatment of 2DG induced autophagic flux, which increased microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) conversion rates and reduced p62 levels. However, 2DG induced autophagic flux is remarkably reduced over an extended time period of 2DG treatment for 48 h despite autophagy inducing internal signaling being maintained. The relationship between cell growth and autophagy was proved. Increased autophagic flux by rapamycin or LC3B overexpression powerfully reduced cell growth, while autophagy inhibition with shBeclin1 plasmid or chloroquine had no significant effect on regulating cell growth. Conclusion Given these results, maintaining increased autophagic flux was more effective at inhibiting cancer cell progression than inhibition of autophagic flux, which is necessary for the survival of PC3 cells. Autophagic flux should be tightly regulated to maintain metabolic homeostasis for cancer cell growth and survival in PC3 cells and is a suitable target for cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1640-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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ROS and Autophagy: Interactions and Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:615-21. [PMID: 25722131 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant ingredients are a series of crucial signaling molecules in oxidative stress response. Under some pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury, ischemia/reperfusion, and hypoxia in tumor, the relative excessive accumulation of ROS could break cellular homeostasis, resulting in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, autophagy is also induced. In this process, oxidative stress could promote the formation of autophagy. Autophagy, in turn, may contribute to reduce oxidative damages by engulfing and degradating oxidized substance. This short review summarizes these interactions between ROS and autophagy in related pathological conditions referred to as above with a focus on discussing internal regulatory mechanisms. The tight interactions between ROS and autophagy reflected in two aspects: the induction of autophagy by oxidative stress and the reduction of ROS by autophagy. The internal regulatory mechanisms of autophagy by ROS can be summarized as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, which includes various molecular signal pathways such as ROS-FOXO3-LC3/BNIP3-autophagy, ROS-NRF2-P62-autophagy, ROS-HIF1-BNIP3/NIX-autophagy, and ROS-TIGAR-autophagy. Autophagy also may regulate ROS levels through several pathways such as chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway, mitophagy pathway, and P62 delivery pathway, which might provide a further theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of the related diseases and still need further research.
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Wong EYL, Wong SCC, Chan CML, Lam EKY, Ho LY, Lau CPY, Au TCC, Chan AKC, Tsang CM, Tsao SW, Lui VWY, Chan ATC. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator promotes proliferation and invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:569-574. [PMID: 25621025 PMCID: PMC4301475 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is the protein product of the p53 target gene, C12orf5. TIGAR blocks glycolysis and promotes cellular metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway; it promotes the production of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which leads to enhanced scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in normal cells. Our previous study identified a novel nucleoside analog that inhibited cellular growth and induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines via downregulation of TIGAR expression. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory effects of c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors were ameliorated by the overexpression of TIGAR in the NPC cell lines. These results indicate a significant role for TIGAR expression in the survival of NPCs. The present study aimed to further define the function of TIGAR expression in NPC cells. In total, 36 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NPC tissue samples were obtained for the immunohistochemical determination of TIGAR expression. The effects of TIGAR expression on cell proliferation, NADPH production and cellular invasiveness were also assessed in NPC cell lines. Overall, TIGAR was overexpressed in 27/36 (75%) of the NPC tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancer epithelial cells. Similarly, TIGAR overexpression was also observed in a panel of six NPC cell lines compared with normal NP460 hTert and Het1A cell lines. TIGAR overexpression led to increased cellular growth, NADPH production and invasiveness of the NPC cell lines, whereas a knockdown of TIGAR expression resulted in significant inhibition of cellular growth and invasiveness. The expression of the two mesenchymal markers, fibronectin and vimentin, was increased by TIGAR overexpression, but reduced following TIGAR-knockdown. The present study revealed that TIGAR overexpression led to increased cellular growth, NADPH production and invasiveness, and the maintenance of a mesenchymal phenotype, in NPC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Yue Ling Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China ; Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Charles Ming Lok Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Emily Kai Yee Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Louisa Yeung Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cecilia Pik Yuk Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Chi Chuen Au
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Amanda Kit Ching Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Anthony Tak Cheung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
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Kim J, Devalaraja-Narashimha K, Padanilam BJ. TIGAR regulates glycolysis in ischemic kidney proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F298-308. [PMID: 25503731 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00459.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) activation blocks glycolytic ATP synthesis by inhibiting phosphofructokinase-1 activity. Our data indicate that TIGAR is selectively induced and activated in renal outermedullary proximal straight tubules (PSTs) after ischemia-reperfusion injury in a p53-dependent manner. Under severe ischemic conditions, TIGAR expression persisted through 48 h postinjury and induced loss of renal function and histological damage. Furthermore, TIGAR upregulation inhibited phosphofructokinase-1 activity, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, and induced ATP depletion, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Small interfering RNA-mediated TIGAR inhibition prevented the aforementioned malevolent effects and protected the kidneys from functional and histological damage. After mild ischemia, but not severe ischemia, G6PD activity and NADPH levels were restored, suggesting that TIGAR activation may redirect the glycolytic pathway into gluconeogenesis or the pentose phosphate pathway to produce NADPH. The increased level of NADPH maintained the level of GSH to scavenge ROS, resulting in a lower sensitivity of PST cells to injury. Under severe ischemia, G6PD activity and NADPH levels were reduced during reperfusion; however, blockade of TIGAR enhanced their levels and reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that inhibition of TIGAR may protect PST cells from energy depletion and apoptotic cell death in the setting of severe ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, under low ischemic burden, TIGAR activation induces the pentose phosphate pathway and autophagy as a protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Kim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine and Drug Development, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; and
| | | | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Fang XY, Pan HF, Leng RX, Ye DQ. Long noncoding RNAs: novel insights into gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:357-66. [PMID: 25444905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Recent advances in the non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack coding protein function, termed non-coding RNA (ncRNA). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are not yet fully understood. Thus, it is anticipated that more efforts should be made to clarify the lncRNA world. Moreover, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that many lncRNAs are dysregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and closely related to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis or diagnosis. In this review, we will briefly outline the regulation and functional role of lncRNAs in GC. Finally, we discussed the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel targets in GC treatment and biomarkers for GC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hai-feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Rui-xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Dong-qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Liu Q, Shi X, Zhou X, Wang D, Wang L, Li C. Effect of autophagy inhibition on cell viability and cell cycle progression in MDA‑MB‑231 human breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:625-30. [PMID: 24898397 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atg7 is an autophagy‑related gene, and is involved in two ubiquitin‑like conjugation systems in the process of autophagy. It is well established that 3‑methyladenine (3Ma) is an autophagy inhibitor. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy inhibition on the cell viability and cell cycle progression of human breast cancer cells. MDA‑MB‑231 human breast cancer cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with high glucose, then divided into six groups. The six groups included the three fundamental groups as follows: The control group (untreated); the starvation group (high‑glucose DMEM replaced with glucose‑free minimal essential medium); and the starvation 3Ma group (maintained in glucose‑free culture medium and treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3Ma). The three fundamental groups were further divided into Atg7 siRNA‑transfected and non‑transfected groups. The cell viability and apoptosis of each group was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The results of the current study demonstrated that Atg7 deficiency alone had no statically significant effect on the cell viability of MDA‑MB‑231 human breast cancer cells, while 3Ma reduced the cell viability and its effect was potentiated by Atg7 deficiency. Atg7 deficiency was more intense than 3Ma in the promotion of apoptosis and cell arrest in G0/G1‑phase in the absence of glucose and its effect was reduced by 3Ma. In conclusion, 3Ma and Atg7 may be involved in different pathways in the process of autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy may influence the cell viability and cell cycle through different pathways in MDA‑MB‑231 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Xianyao Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Hospital, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Xie JM, Li B, Yu HP, Gao QG, Li W, Wu HR, Qin ZH. TIGAR Has a Dual Role in Cancer Cell Survival through Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5127-38. [PMID: 25085248 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Wu Jiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Pei Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan-Geng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Wu Jiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao-Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou, China.
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Wang R, He W, Li Z, Chang W, Xin Y, Huang T. Caveolin-1 functions as a key regulator of 17β-estradiol-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in BT474 breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:822-7. [PMID: 25017566 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) acts as a crucial regulator of cell growth by mediating autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Caveolin-1 plays a key role in carcinogenesis through its diverse roles in membrane trafficking, cholesterol transport and cellular signal transduction. However, it remains unknown as to how caveolin-1 is associated with E2-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. To resolve this issue, in the present study, we used the human breast cancer cell line, BT474, in which caveolin-1 is abundantly expressed. We demonstrated that treatment with E2 increased the expression of caveolin-1, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and autophagy-related proteins [Beclin-1, light chain (LC3)-II and Atg12/5] in a time-dependent manner and inhibited the apoptosis of BT474 cells. Following the knockdown of caveolin-1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of HMGB1, LC3-II and Atg12/5 was decreased, autophgosome formation was inhibited and apoptosis was induced; however, Beclin-1 expression was not affected. Furthermore, we knocked down HMGB1 to validate the role of HMGB1 in E2/caveolin‑1-regulated autophagy and apoptosis. Notably, the knockdown of HMGB1 decreased the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II and attenuated autophgosome formation and promoted apoptosis. Furthmore, caveolin-1 or HMGB1 knockdown markedly suppressed E2-induced cell growth. These results suggest that caveolin-1 is a positive regulator for E2-induced cell growth by promoting auptophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in BT474 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wenshan He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Abstract
Cancers cells shift their metabolism towards glycolysis in order to help them support the biosynthetic demands necessary to sustain cell proliferation and growth, adapt to stress and avoid excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. While the p53 tumor suppressor protein is known to inhibit cell growth by inducing apoptosis, senescence and cell cycle arrest, recent studies have found that p53 is also able to influence cell metabolism. TIGAR is a p53 target that functions as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, thereby lowering glycolytic flux and promoting antioxidant functions. By protecting cells from oxidative stress, TIGAR may mediate some of the tumor suppressor activity of p53 but could also contribute to tumorigenesis. Here we discuss the activities of TIGAR described so far, and the potential consequences of TIGAR expression on normal and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Lee
- Cancer Research-UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- Cancer Research-UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Eric C Cheung
- Cancer Research-UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Chen J, Hu J, Wang S, Sun Y. Role of long non-coding RNA HULC in cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor metastasis of gastric cancer: a clinical and in vitro investigation. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:358-64. [PMID: 24247585 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key molecules in human cancer. Highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC), an lncRNA, has recently been revealed to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression. It remains unclear, however, whether HULC plays an oncogenic role in human gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, we demonstrated that HULC was significantly overexpressed in GC cell lines and GC tissues compared with normal controls, and this overexpression was correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and advanced tumor node metastasis stages. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic values and the area under the ROC curve of HULC was up to 0.769. To uncover its functional importance, gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to evaluate the effect of HULC on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in vitro. Overexpression of HULC promoted proliferation and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis in SGC7901 cells, while knockdown of HULC in SGC7901 cells showed the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we discovered that overexpression of HULC could induce patterns of autophagy in SGC7901 cells; more importantly, autophagy inhibition increased overexpression of HULC cell apoptosis. We also determined that silencing of HULC effectively reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In summary, our results suggest that HULC may play an important role in the growth and tumorigenesis of human GC, which provides us with a new biomarker in GC and perhaps a potential target for GC prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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