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Re A, Mazzoli R. Current progress on engineering microbial strains and consortia for production of cellulosic butanol through consolidated bioprocessing. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:238-261. [PMID: 36168663 PMCID: PMC9871528 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, fermentative production of n-butanol has regained substantial interest mainly owing to its use as drop-in-fuel. The use of lignocellulose as an alternative to traditional acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation feedstocks (starchy biomass and molasses) can significantly increase the economic competitiveness of biobutanol over production from non-renewable sources (petroleum). However, the low cost of lignocellulose is offset by its high recalcitrance to biodegradation which generally requires chemical-physical pre-treatment and multiple bioreactor-based processes. The development of consolidated processing (i.e., single-pot fermentation) can dramatically reduce lignocellulose fermentation costs and promote its industrial application. Here, strategies for developing microbial strains and consortia that feature both efficient (hemi)cellulose depolymerization and butanol production will be depicted, that is, rational metabolic engineering of native (hemi)cellulolytic or native butanol-producing or other suitable microorganisms; protoplast fusion of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing strains; and co-culture of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing microbes. Irrespective of the fermentation feedstock, biobutanol production is inherently limited by the severe toxicity of this solvent that challenges process economic viability. Hence, an overview of strategies for developing butanol hypertolerant strains will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTorinoItaly,Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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Costa P, Usai G, Re A, Manfredi M, Mannino G, Bertea CM, Pessione E, Mazzoli R. Clostridium cellulovorans Proteomic Responses to Butanol Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:674639. [PMID: 34367082 PMCID: PMC8336468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.674639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of butanol-hyperproducing and hypertolerant phenotypes is essential for developing microbial strains suitable for industrial production of bio-butanol, one of the most promising liquid biofuels. Clostridium cellulovorans is among the microbial strains with the highest potential for direct production of n-butanol from lignocellulosic wastes, a process that would significantly reduce the cost of bio-butanol. However, butanol exhibits higher toxicity compared to ethanol and C. cellulovorans tolerance to this solvent is low. In the present investigation, comparative gel-free proteomics was used to study the response of C. cellulovorans to butanol challenge and understand the tolerance mechanisms activated in this condition. Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical fragment ion spectra Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis allowed identification and quantification of differentially expressed soluble proteins. The study data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD024183. The most important response concerned modulation of protein biosynthesis, folding and degradation. Coherent with previous studies on other bacteria, several heat shock proteins (HSPs), involved in protein quality control, were up-regulated such as the chaperones GroES (Cpn10), Hsp90, and DnaJ. Globally, our data indicate that protein biosynthesis is reduced, likely not to overload HSPs. Several additional metabolic adaptations were triggered by butanol exposure such as the up-regulation of V- and F-type ATPases (involved in ATP synthesis/generation of proton motive force), enzymes involved in amino acid (e.g., arginine, lysine, methionine, and branched chain amino acids) biosynthesis and proteins involved in cell envelope re-arrangement (e.g., the products of Clocel_4136, Clocel_4137, Clocel_4144, Clocel_4162 and Clocel_4352, involved in the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids) and a redistribution of carbon flux through fermentative pathways (acetate and formate yields were increased and decreased, respectively). Based on these experimental findings, several potential gene targets for metabolic engineering strategies aimed at improving butanol tolerance in C. cellulovorans are suggested. This includes overexpression of HSPs (e.g., GroES, Hsp90, DnaJ, ClpC), RNA chaperone Hfq, V- and F-type ATPases and a number of genes whose function in C. cellulovorans is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Usai
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia Margherita Bertea
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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How to outwit nature: Omics insight into butanol tolerance. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107658. [PMID: 33220435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The energy crisis, depletion of oil reserves, and global climate changes are pressing problems of developed societies. One possibility to counteract that is microbial production of butanol, a promising new fuel and alternative to many petrochemical reagents. However, the high butanol toxicity to all known microbial species is the main obstacle to its industrial implementation. The present state of the art review aims to expound the recent advances in modern omics approaches to resolving this insurmountable to date problem of low butanol tolerance. Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics show that butanol tolerance is a complex phenomenon affecting multiple genes and their expression. Efflux pumps, stress and multidrug response, membrane transport, and redox-related genes are indicated as being most important during butanol challenge, in addition to fine-tuning of global regulators of transcription (Spo0A, GntR), which may further improve tolerance. Lipidomics shows that the alterations in membrane composition (saturated lipids and plasmalogen increase) are very much species-specific and butanol-related. Glycomics discloses the pleiotropic effect of CcpA, the role of alternative sugar transport, and the production of exopolysaccharides as alternative routes to overcoming butanol stress. Unfortunately, the strain that simultaneously syntheses and tolerates butanol in concentrations that allow its commercialization has not yet been discovered or produced. Omics insight will allow the purposeful increase of butanol tolerance in natural and engineered producers and the effective heterologous expression of synthetic butanol pathways in strains hereditary butanol-resistant up to 3.2 - 4.9% (w/v). Future breakthrough can be achieved by a detailed study of the membrane proteome, of which 21% are proteins with unknown functions.
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Horinouchi T, Maeda T, Furusawa C. Understanding and engineering alcohol-tolerant bacteria using OMICS technology. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:157. [PMID: 30341456 PMCID: PMC6208762 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are capable of producing alcohols, making them an important source of alternative energy that can replace fossil fuels. However, these alcohols can be toxic to the microbes themselves, retaring or inhibiting cell growth and decreasing the production yield. One solution is improving the alcohol tolerance of such alcohol-producing organisms. Advances in omics technologies, including transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and genomic technologies, have helped us understand the complex mechanisms underlying alcohol toxicity, and such advances could assist in devising strategies for engineering alcohol-tolerant strains. This review highlights these advances and discusses strategies for improving alcohol tolerance using omics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Horinouchi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Maeda
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Chikara Furusawa
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Taillefer M, Sparling R. Glycolysis as the Central Core of Fermentation. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 156:55-77. [PMID: 26907549 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing concerns of greenhouse gas emissions have increased the interest in dark fermentation as a means of productions for industrial chemicals, especially from renewable cellulosic biomass. However, the metabolism, including glycolysis, of many candidate organisms for cellulosic biomass conversion through consolidated bioprocessing is still poorly understood and the genomes have only recently been sequenced. Because a variety of industrial chemicals are produced directly from sugar metabolism, the careful understanding of glycolysis from a genomic and biochemical point of view is essential in the development of strategies for increasing product yields and therefore increasing industrial potential. The current review discusses the different pathways available for glycolysis along with unexpected variations from traditional models, especially in the utilization of alternate energy intermediates (GTP, pyrophosphate). This reinforces the need for a careful description of interactions between energy metabolites and glycolysis enzymes for understanding carbon and electron flux regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taillefer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - R Sparling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2.
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Lv J, Jiao S, Du R, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Han B. Proteomic analysis to elucidate degeneration of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 and role of Ca(2+) in strain recovery from degeneration. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:741-50. [PMID: 27021843 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of solventogenic Clostridium strains is one of the major barriers in bio-butanol production. A degenerated Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 strain (DG-8052) was obtained without any genetic manipulation. Supplementation of CaCO3 to fermentation medium could partially recover metabolism of DG-8052 by more than 50 % increase of cell growth and solvent production. This study investigated the protein expression profile of DG-8052 and its response to CaCO3 treatment. Compared with WT-8052, the lower expressed proteins were responsible for disruption of RNA secondary structures and DNA repair, sporulation, signal transduction, transcription regulation, and membrane transport in DG-8052. Interestingly, accompanied with the decreased glucose utilization and lower solvent production, there was a decreased level of sigma-54 modulation protein which may indicate that the level of sigma-54 activity may be associated with the observed strain degeneration. For the addition of CaCO3, proteomic and biochemical study results revealed that besides buffer capacity, Ca(2+) could stabilize heat shock proteins, increase DNA synthesis and replication, and enhance expression of solventogenic enzymes in DG-8052, which has a similar contribution in WT-8052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 76 Yanta West Road, P.O. 44, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengyin Jiao
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 76 Yanta West Road, P.O. 44, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renjia Du
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 76 Yanta West Road, P.O. 44, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 76 Yanta West Road, P.O. 44, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bei Han
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO. 76 Yanta West Road, P.O. 44, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.
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Luan G, Bao G, Lin Z, Li Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Cai Z. Comparative genome analysis of a thermotolerant Escherichia coli obtained by Genome Replication Engineering Assisted Continuous Evolution (GREACE) and its parent strain provides new understanding of microbial heat tolerance. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:732-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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High-Level Butanol Production from Cassava Starch by a Newly Isolated Clostridium acetobutylicum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:831-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Dong H, Zhao C, Zhang T, Lin Z, Li Y, Zhang Y. Engineering Escherichia coli Cell Factories for n-Butanol Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 155:141-63. [PMID: 25662903 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The production of n-butanol, as a widely applied solvent and potential fuel, is attracting much attention. The fermentative production of butanol coupled with the production of acetone and ethanol by Clostridium (ABE fermentation) was once one of the oldest biotechnological processes, ranking second in scale behind ethanol fermentation. However, there remain problems with butanol production by Clostridium, especially the difficulty in genetically manipulating clostridial strains. In recent years, many efforts have been made to produce butanol using non-native strains. Until now, the most advanced effort was the engineering of the user-friendly and widely studied Escherichia coli for butanol production. This paper reviews the current progress and problems relating to butanol production by engineered E. coli in terms of prediction using mathematical models, pathway construction, novel enzyme replacement, butanol toxicity, and tolerance engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianrui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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