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Kanemoto Y, Sanada F, Shibata K, Tsunetoshi Y, Katsuragi N, Koibuchi N, Yoshinami T, Yamamoto K, Morishita R, Taniyama Y, Shimazu K. Expression of Periostin Alternative Splicing Variants in Normal Tissue and Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1093. [PMID: 39334860 PMCID: PMC11430663 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Periostin (Pn) is a secreted protein found in the extracellular matrix, and it plays a variety of roles in the human body. Physiologically, Pn has a variety of functions, including bone formation and wound healing. However, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases. Pn has alternative splicing variants (ASVs), and our previous research revealed that aberrant ASVs contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer and heart failure. However, the difference in expression pattern between physiologically expressed Pn-ASVs and those expressed during pathogenesis is not clear. (2) Methods and results: We examined normal and breast cancer tissues, focusing on the Pn-ASVs expression pattern to assess the significance of pathologically expressed Pn-ASVs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. We found that most physiologically expressed Pn isoforms lacked exon 17 and 21. Next, we used human breast cancer and normal adjacent tissue (NAT) to investigate the expression pattern of Pn-ASVs under pathological conditions. Pn-ASVs with exon 21 were significantly increased in tumor tissues compared with NAT. In situ hybridization identified the synthesis of Pn-ASVs with exon 21 in peri-tumoral stromal cells. Additionally, the in vivo bio-distribution of 89Zr-labeled Pn antibody against exon 21 (Pn-21Ab) in mice bearing breast cancer demonstrated selective and specific accumulation in tumors, while Pn-21Ab significantly suppressed tumor growth in the mouse breast cancer model. (3) Conclusions: Together, these data indicate that Pn-ASVs might have potential for use as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kanemoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Fumihiro Sanada
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (F.S.); (Y.T.); (N.K.); (N.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Kana Shibata
- Department of Advanced Molecular Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuo Tsunetoshi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (F.S.); (Y.T.); (N.K.); (N.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Naruto Katsuragi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (F.S.); (Y.T.); (N.K.); (N.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (F.S.); (Y.T.); (N.K.); (N.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Tetsuhiro Yoshinami
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (F.S.); (Y.T.); (N.K.); (N.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Advanced Molecular Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.Y.)
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Padial-Molina M, Gonzalez-Perez G, Martin-Morales N, Sanchez-Fernandez E, O'Valle F, Galindo-Moreno P. Periostin in the relation between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: A pilot randomized clinical study. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:446-457. [PMID: 38140743 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of periodontal treatment on markers of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and circulating levels of periostin. BACKGROUND Periostin is necessary for periodontal stability, but it is highly present in atherosclerotic plaques. Treatment of periodontal disease, with low levels of local periostin, is thought to reduce systemic levels of periostin. Thus, this may contribute to cardiovascular health. METHODS A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to include patients with severe periodontal disease and history of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were collected before and after periodontal treatment by periodontal surgery or non-surgical therapy. The levels of several markers of inflammation and cardiovascular damage were evaluated including CRP, IFN-γ, IL-1ß, IL-10, MIP-1α, periostin, and TNF-α in GCF and CRP, Fibrinogen, IFN-γ, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, L-Selectin, MIP-1α, Periostin, TNF-α, and vWF in serum. RESULTS A total of 22 patients with an average of 56 years old were recruited for participating in this study. Twenty of them were male. Most of them (82%) had suffered an acute myocardial event and underwent surgery for placing 1, 2, or 3 stents in the coronary arteries more than 6 months ago but less than 1 year. The treatment of periodontal disease resulted in an overall improvement of all periodontal parameters. Regarding the evaluation of GCF and serum, a significant increase of periostin in the GCF was observed after periodontal surgery. In contrast, although other markers in GCF and serum improved, no significant correlations were found. CONCLUSION Treatment of periodontal disease through periodontal surgery induces a local and transient increase in the levels of periostin in the gingival crevicular fluid. The effects on systemic markers of inflammation and cardiovascular function have not been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Padial-Molina
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Perez
- PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Martin-Morales
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- PhD Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Sanchez-Fernandez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER, CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Kamihara T, Tanaka K, Omura T, Kaneko S, Hirashiki A, Kokubo M, Shimizu A. Exploratory bibliometric analysis and text mining to reveal research trends in cardiac aging. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:301-311. [PMID: 38975309 PMCID: PMC11222727 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We conducted a text mining analysis of 40 years of literature on cardiac aging from PubMed to investigate the current understanding on cardiac aging and its mechanisms. This study aimed to embody what most researchers consider cardiac aging to be. Methods We used multiple text mining and machine learning tools to extract important information from a large amount of text. Results Analysis revealed that the terms most frequently associated with cardiac aging include "diastolic," "hypertrophy," "fibrosis," "apoptosis," "mitochondrial," "oxidative," and "autophagy." These terms suggest that cardiac aging is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impairment of autophagy, especially mitophagy. We also revealed an increase in the frequency of occurrence of "autophagy" in recent years, suggesting that research on autophagy has made a breakthrough in the field of cardiac aging. Additionally, the frequency of occurrence of "mitophagy" has increased significantly since 2019, suggesting that mitophagy is an important factor in cardiac aging. Conclusions Cardiac aging is a complex process that involves mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impairment of autophagy, especially mitophagy. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of cardiac aging and develop strategies to mitigate its detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of CardiologyNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Takuya Omura
- Department of Metabolic ResearchNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Shinji Kaneko
- Department of CardiologyToyota Kosei HospitalToyotaJapan
| | - Akihiro Hirashiki
- Department of CardiologyNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Manabu Kokubo
- Department of CardiologyNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Atsuya Shimizu
- Department of CardiologyNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
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Yoshihara T, Morimoto T, Hirata H, Murayama M, Nonaka T, Tsukamoto M, Toda Y, Kobayashi T, Izuhara K, Mawatari M. Mechanisms of tissue degeneration mediated by periostin in spinal degenerative diseases and their implications for pathology and diagnosis: a review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1276900. [PMID: 38020106 PMCID: PMC10645150 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1276900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN) serves a dual role as both a matricellular protein and an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and is widely expressed in various tissues and cells. As an ECM protein, POSTN binds to integrin receptors, transduces signals to cells, enabling cell activation. POSTN has been linked with various diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and the progression of multiple cancers. Recently, its association with orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis resulting from cartilage destruction, degenerative diseases of the intervertebral disks, and ligament degenerative diseases, has also become apparent. Furthermore, POSTN has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for understanding the pathophysiology of orthopedic diseases. In addition to serum POSTN, synovial fluid POSTN in joints has been reported to be useful as a biomarker. Risk factors for spinal degenerative diseases include aging, mechanical stress, trauma, genetic predisposition, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, but the cause of spinal degenerative diseases (SDDs) remains unclear. Studies on the pathophysiological effects of POSTN may significantly contribute toward the diagnosis and treatment of spinal degenerative diseases. Therefore, in this review, we aim to examine the mechanisms of tissue degeneration caused by mechanical and inflammatory stresses in the bones, cartilage, intervertebral disks, and ligaments, which are crucial components of the spine, with a focus on POSTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Yoshihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Morimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nonaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yu Toda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mawatari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Abdelrahman Z, Wang X, Wang D, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen Z. Identification of novel pathways and immune profiles related to sarcopenia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:928285. [PMID: 37138756 PMCID: PMC10149827 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.928285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia is a progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle mass strength and function. Methods To uncover the underlying cellular and biological mechanisms, we studied the association between sarcopenia's three stages and the patient's ethnicity, identified a gene regulatory network based on motif enrichment in the upregulated gene set of sarcopenia, and compared the immunological landscape among sarcopenia stages. Results We found that sarcopenia (S) was associated with GnRH, neurotrophin, Rap1, Ras, and p53 signaling pathways. Low muscle mass (LMM) patients showed activated pathways of VEGF signaling, B-cell receptor signaling, ErbB signaling, and T-cell receptor signaling. Low muscle mass and physical performance (LMM_LP) patients showed lower enrichment scores in B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, HIF-1 signaling, and the adaptive immune response pathways. Five common genes among DEGs and the elastic net regression model, TTC39DP, SLURP1, LCE1C, PTCD2P1, and OR7E109P, were expressed between S patients and healthy controls. SLURP1 and LCE1C showed the highest expression levels among sarcopenic Chinese descent than Caucasians and Afro-Caribbeans. Gene regulatory analysis of top upregulated genes in S patients yielded a top-scoring regulon containing GATA1, GATA2, and GATA3 as master regulators and nine predicted direct target genes. Two genes were associated with locomotion: POSTN and SLURP1. TTC39DP upregulation was associated with a better prognosis and stronger immune profile in S patients. The upregulation of SLURP1 and LCE1C was associated with a worse prognosis and weaker immune profile. Conclusion This study provides new insight into sarcopenia's cellular and immunological prospects and evaluates the age and sarcopenia-related modifications of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdelrahman
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain–Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daming Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain–Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Xuhua Wang
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zuobing Chen
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Klochkova A, Fuller AD, Miller R, Karami AL, Panchani SR, Natarajan S, Mu A, Jackson JL, Klein-Szanto AJ, Muir AB, Whelan KA. A role for age-associated alterations in esophageal epithelium in eosinophilic esophagitis-associated fibrosis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:983412. [PMID: 36591561 PMCID: PMC9798296 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.983412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subepithelial fibrosis occurs in a subset of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients and is associated with esophageal stricture. While mechanisms driving EoE fibrosis remain incompletely understood, findings from experimental systems support roles for epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk in this type of tissue remodeling. The current paradigm presents EoE as a progressive fibrostenotic disease in which aged patients develop fibrosis as a function of disease chronicity. In the current study we provide evidence that altered epithelial biology in the aging esophagus may also contribute to EoE-associated fibrosis. We find that induction of EoE inflammation in young and aged mice using the MC903/Ovalbumin protocol for the same time period results in increased lamina propria thickness uniquely in aged animals. Additionally, epithelial cells from aged mice less efficiently limit fibroblast contractility in collagen plug contraction assays compared to those from their young counterparts. Finally, to identify potential mechanisms through which aged esophageal epithelial cells may stimulate fibrotic remodeling, we perform cytokine array experiments in young and aged mice. These studies are significant as identification of age-associated factors that contribute to fibrotic remodeling may aid in the design of strategies toward early detection, prevention, and therapy of fibrostenotic EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Klochkova
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Annie D. Fuller
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Riley Miller
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam L. Karami
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Surali R. Panchani
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shruthi Natarajan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anbin Mu
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jazmyne L. Jackson
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Amanda B. Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Wang Z, An J, Zhu D, Chen H, Lin A, Kang J, Liu W, Kang X. Periostin: an emerging activator of multiple signaling pathways. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:515-530. [PMID: 35412260 PMCID: PMC9733775 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are responsible for regulating the microenvironment, the behaviors of surrounding cells, and the homeostasis of tissues. Periostin (POSTN), a non-structural matricellular protein, can bind to many extracellular matrix proteins through its different domains. POSTN usually presents at low levels in most adult tissues but is highly expressed in pathological sites such as in tumors and inflamed organs. POSTN can bind to diverse integrins to interact with multiple signaling pathways within cells, which is one of its core biological functions. Increasing evidence shows that POSTN can activate the TGF-β, the PI3K/Akt, the Wnt, the RhoA/ROCK, the NF-κB, the MAPK and the JAK pathways to promote the occurrence and development of many diseases, especially cancer and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, POSTN can interact with some pathways in an upstream and downstream relationship, forming complicated crosstalk. This article focuses on the interactions between POSTN and different signaling pathways in diverse diseases, attempting to explain the mechanisms of interaction and provide novel guidelines for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoheng Wang
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong An
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aixin Lin
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihe Kang
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Liu
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
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Ohkoshi-Yamada M, Kamimura K, Kimura A, Tanaka Y, Nagayama I, Yakubo S, Abe H, Yokoo T, Sakamaki A, Kamimura H, Terai S. Effects of a selective PPARα modulator, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, and statin on the myocardial morphology of medaka nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 625:116-121. [PMID: 35952608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Interleukin-13 promotes cellular senescence through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in IgG4-related sialadenitis. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:29. [PMID: 35718799 PMCID: PMC9207030 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disease and the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the cellular senescence during the progress of IgG4-RS. We found that the expression of IL-13 and IL-13 receptor α1 (IL-13Rα1) as well as the number of senescent cells were significantly higher in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of IgG4-RS patients. IL-13 directly induced senescence as shown by the elevated activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), the decreased cell proliferation, and the upregulation of senescence markers (p53 and p16) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors (IL-1β and IL-6) in SMG-C6 cells. Mechanistically, IL-13 increased the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (p-STAT6) and mitochondrial-reactive oxygen species (mtROS), while decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, and the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Notably, the IL-13-induced cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction could be inhibited by pretreatment with either STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 or mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger MitoTEMPO. Moreover, IL-13 increased the interaction between p-STAT6 and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) and decreased the transcriptional activity of CREB on SOD2. Taken together, our findings revealed a critical role of IL-13 in the induction of salivary gland epithelial cell senescence through the elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress in a STAT6–CREB–SOD2-dependent pathway in IgG4-RS.
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Ozcebe SG, Bahcecioglu G, Yue XS, Zorlutuna P. Effect of cellular and ECM aging on human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte performance, maturity and senescence. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120554. [PMID: 33296796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and their occurrence is highly associated with age. However, lack of knowledge in cardiac tissue aging is a major roadblock in devising novel therapies. Here, we studied the effects of cell and cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) aging on the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte cell state, function, as well as response to myocardial infarction (MI)-mimicking stress conditions in vitro. Within 3-weeks, young ECM promoted proliferation and drug responsiveness in young cells, and induced cell cycle re-entry, and protection against stress in the aged cells. Adult ECM improved cardiac function, while aged ECM accelerated the aging phenotype, and impaired cardiac function and stress defense machinery of the cells. In summary, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of cardiac aging and highlighted the importance of cell-ECM interactions. This study is the first to investigate the individual effects of cellular and environmental aging and identify the biochemical changes that occur upon cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gulberk Ozcebe
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoshan S Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA.
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Mechanosensing dysregulation in the fibroblast: A hallmark of the aging heart. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101150. [PMID: 32846223 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The myofibroblast is a specialized fibroblast that expresses α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and participates in wound contraction and fibrosis. The fibroblast to myofibroblast transition depends on chemical and mechanical signals. A fibroblast senses the changes in the environment (extracellular matrix (ECM)) and transduces these changes to the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, resulting in activation or inhibition of α-SMA transcription in a process called mechanosensing. A stiff matrix greatly facilitates the transition from fibroblast to myofibroblast, and although the aging heart is much stiffer than the young one, the aging fibroblast has difficulties in transitioning into the contractile phenotype. This suggests that the events occurring downstream of the matrix, such as activation or changes in expression levels of various proteins participating in mechanotransduction can negatively alter the ability of the aging fibroblast to become a myofibroblast. In this review, we will discuss in detail the changes in ECM, receptors (integrin or non-integrin), focal adhesions, cytoskeleton, and transcription factors involved in mechanosensing that occur with aging.
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12
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Blokland K, Pouwels S, Schuliga M, Knight D, Burgess J. Regulation of cellular senescence by extracellular matrix during chronic fibrotic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2681-2706. [PMID: 33084883 PMCID: PMC7578566 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of macromolecules surrounding cells providing structural support and stability to tissues. The understanding of the ECM and the diverse roles it plays in development, homoeostasis and injury have greatly advanced in the last three decades. The ECM is crucial for maintaining tissue homoeostasis but also many pathological conditions arise from aberrant matrix remodelling during ageing. Ageing is characterised as functional decline of tissue over time ultimately leading to tissue dysfunction, and is a risk factor in many diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, dementia, glaucoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrosis. ECM changes are recognised as a major driver of aberrant cell responses. Mesenchymal cells in aged tissue show signs of growth arrest and resistance to apoptosis, which are indicative of cellular senescence. It was recently postulated that cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases in the heart, kidney, liver and lung. Senescent cells negatively impact tissue regeneration while creating a pro-inflammatory environment as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) favouring disease progression. In this review, we explore and summarise the current knowledge around how aberrant ECM potentially influences the senescent phenotype in chronic fibrotic diseases. Lastly, we will explore the possibility for interventions in the ECM-senescence regulatory pathways for therapeutic potential in chronic fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj E.C. Blokland
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon D. Pouwels
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Lung Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schuliga
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Grilo GA, Shaver PR, Stoffel HJ, Morrow CA, Johnson OT, Iyer RP, de Castro Brás LE. Age- and sex-dependent differences in extracellular matrix metabolism associate with cardiac functional and structural changes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:62-74. [PMID: 31978395 PMCID: PMC11017332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related remodeling of the heart causes structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) that are associated with a high index of morbidities and mortality worldwide. Some cardiac pathologies in the elderly population vary between genders revealing that cardiac remodeling during aging may be sex-dependent. Herein, we analyzed the effects of cardiac aging in male and female C57Bl/6 mice in four age groups, 3, 6, 12, and 18 month old (n = 6-12 animals/sex/age), to elucidate which age-related characteristics of LV remodeling are sex-specific. We focused particularly in parameters associated with age-dependent remodeling of the LV extracellular matrix (ECM) that are involved in collagen metabolism. LV function and anatomical structure were assessed both by conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). We then measured ECM proteins that directly affect LV contractility and remodeling. All data were analyzed across ages and between sexes and were directly linked to LV functional changes. Echocardiography confirmed an age-dependent decrease in chamber volumes and LV internal diameters, indicative of concentric remodeling. As in humans, animals displayed preserved ejection fraction with age. Notably, changes to chamber dimensions and volumes were temporally distinct between sexes. Complementary to the traditional echocardiography, STE revealed that circumferential strain rate declined in 18 month old females, compared to younger animals, but not in males, suggesting STE as an earlier indicator for changes in cardiac function between sexes. Age-dependent collagen deposition and expression in the endocardium did not differ between sexes; however, other factors involved in collagen metabolism were sex-specific. Specifically, while decorin, osteopontin, Cthrc1, and Ddr1 expression were age-dependent but sex-independent, periostin, lysyl oxidase, and Mrc2 displayed age-dependent and sex-specific differences. Moreover, our data also suggest that with age males and females have distinct TGFβ signaling pathways. Overall, our results give evidence of sex-specific molecular changes during physiological cardiac remodeling that associate with age-dependent structural and functional dysfunction. These data highlight the importance of including sex-differences analysis when studying cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Grilo
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Patti R Shaver
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Hamilton J Stoffel
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Caleb Anthony Morrow
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Octavious T Johnson
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Rugmani P Iyer
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America.
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14
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Krishnappa D, Dykoski R, Can I, Mbai M, Anand IS, Florea V, Chandrashekar YS, Li JM, Tholakanahalli VN. Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly: The Role of Sub-Clinical Isolated Cardiac Amyloidosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16584. [PMID: 31719596 PMCID: PMC6851153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid infiltration of the atrium is described in patients with valvular heart disease and is associated with an increased risk for atrial fibrillation(AF) while amyloid deposits in the ventricles is increasingly being diagnosed in patients with HFpEF. The role of amyloid deposits in patients with AF without valvular heart disease, which represents the most common form of AF globally, is undefined. In this study, we sought to assess the prevalence of sub-clinical isolated cardiac amyloidosis (ICA) at autopsy and the odds of AF in these patients. A total of 1083 patients were included in the study and 3.1% of patients were found to have asymptomatic ICA. Patients with ICA were older and had a higher odds of AF independent of age and CHA2DS2VASc score. Amongst patients with AF, those with ICA were more likely to have persistent forms of AF and had a lower sinus rhythm P-wave amplitude. Further studies are required to further define this entity, identify imaging modalities to aid in antemortem diagnosis of ICA and to establish the optimal management strategies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Krishnappa
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard Dykoski
- Department of Pathology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ilknur Can
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mackenzie Mbai
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Inder S Anand
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Viorel Florea
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Y S Chandrashekar
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna N Tholakanahalli
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
- Cardiovascular Division, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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15
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Han L, Tang Y, Li S, Wu Y, Chen X, Wu Q, Hong K, Li J. Protective mechanism of SIRT1 on Hcy-induced atrial fibrosis mediated by TRPC3. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:488-510. [PMID: 31680473 PMCID: PMC6933351 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are regarded as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is closely associated with the pathological consequence of atrial fibrosis and can lead to heart failure with a high mortality rate; here, we show that atrial fibrosis is mediated by the relationship between canonical transient receptor potential 3 (TRPC3) channels and sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) under the stimulation of Hcy. The left atrial appendage was obtained from patients with either sinus rhythm (SR) or AF and used to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of Hcy and a potential mechanism of cardiac fibrosis mediated by TRPC3 and SIRT1. We next performed transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mouse to investigate the relationship. The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrosis involving TRPC3 and SIRT1 proteins were explored by co‐IP, BLI and lentivirus transfection experiments. qPCR and WB were performed to analyse gene and protein expression, respectively. The higher level of atrial fibrosis was observed in the HH mouse group with a high Hcy diet. Such results suggest that AF patients may be more susceptible to atrial fibrosis and possess a high probability of progressing to hyperhomocysteinemia. Moreover, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TRPC3 channel up‐regulation leads to abnormal accumulation of collagen, with the down‐regulation of SIRT1 as an aetiological factor of high Hcy, which in turn predisposes to atrial fibrosis and strongly enhances the possibility of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaochuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoshu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Rotter Sopasakis V, Sandstedt J, Johansson M, Lundqvist A, Bergström G, Jeppsson A, Mattsson Hultén L. Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation markers are strongly induced in heart tissue in patients with cardiac disease under both ischemic and non-ischemic conditions. Int J Cardiol 2019; 293:238-247. [PMID: 31230935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sustained low grade inflammatory state is a recognized feature of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. This state of chronic inflammation involves activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. However, little is known regarding the genetic profile of TLR components in cardiac tissue from patients with cardiac disease. METHODS In this study we investigated the genetic profile of 84 TLR markers in a unique set of cardiac tissue from patients that had undergone either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or aortic valve replacement (AVR). In addition, we compared the gene data from the cardiac tissue with the same gene profile in blood as well as circulating cytokines to elucidate possible targets in blood that could be used to estimate the inflammatory state of the heart in cardiac disease. RESULTS We found a marked upregulation of TLR-induced inflammation in cardiac tissue from both patient groups compared to healthy controls. The inflammation appeared to be primarily mediated through TLR1, 3, 7, 8 and 10, resulting in a marked induction of mediators of the innate immune response. Furthermore, the gene expression data in combination with unbiased multivariate analysis suggested a difference in inflammatory response in ischemic cardiac tissue compared to non-ischemic cardiac tissue. Serum levels of IL-13 were significantly elevated in both CABG and AVR patients compared to controls, whereas other cytokines did not appear to coincide with cardiac TLR-induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS We propose that cardiac disease in humans may be mediated by local cardiac TLR signaling under both ischemic and non-ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rotter Sopasakis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Joakim Sandstedt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela Johansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Kuo HF, Hsieh CC, Wang SC, Chang CY, Hung CH, Kuo PL, Liu YR, Li CY, Liu PL. Simvastatin Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis via Regulation of Cardiomyocyte-Derived Exosome Secretion. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060794. [PMID: 31167519 PMCID: PMC6617127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome-mediated communication within the cardiac microenvironment is associated with cardiac fibrosis. Simvastatin (SIM), a potent statin, protects against cardiac fibrosis, but its mechanism of action is unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanism of simvastatin in cardiac fibrosis, by regulating exosome-mediated communication. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with angiotensin (Ang) II alone, or with SIM for 28 d. Cardiac fibrosis, expressions of fibrosis-associated proteins and mRNAs, and collagen fiber arrangement and deposition were examined. Protein expressions in exosomes isolated from Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes (CMs) were evaluated using nano-ultra-performance liquid chromatographic system, combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts was evaluated using scanning electron and confocal microscopy, and migration assays. Our results showed that SIM attenuated in vivo expression of collagen and collagen-associated protein, as well as collagen deposition, and cardiac fibrosis. The statin also upregulated decorin and downregulated periostin in CM-derived exosomes. Furthermore, it suppressed Ang II-induced transformation of fibroblast to myofibroblast, as well as fibroblast migration. Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication within the cardiac tissue critically regulated cardiac fibrosis. Specifically, SIM regulated the release of CM exosomes, and attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis, highlighting its potential as a novel therapy for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan.
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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18
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Pereira RM, Mekary RA, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Anaruma CP, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Protective molecular mechanisms of clusterin against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:123-129. [PMID: 28948410 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of cardiomyocytes occurs with aging and contributes to cardiovascular complications. In the present study, we highlighted the role of clusterin, a protein that has recently been associated with the protection of cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Clusterin protects cardiac cells against damage from myocardial infarction, transplant, or myocarditis. Clusterin can act directly or indirectly on apoptosis by regulating several intracellular pathways. These pathways include (1) the oxidant and inflammatory program, (2) insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway, (3) KU70 / BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) pathway, (4) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pathway, (5) BCL-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) pathway, and (6) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Given the key role of clusterin in preventing loss of cardiac tissue, modulating the expression and function of this protein carries the potential of improving cardiovascular care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. .,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Kawai Y, Kishimoto Y, Sogami T, Suzuki R, Tsuji T, Hiwatashi N, Tateya I, Kanemaru SI, Nakamura T, Omori K, Hirano S. Characterization of aged rat vocal fold fibroblasts. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:E94-E101. [PMID: 30450675 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To elucidate the aging physiology of the vocal folds, we examined the characters of aged vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) in various conditions. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study. METHODS VFFs from young (12-week-old) and aged (19-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats were compared. Proliferative capacity, ratio of myofibroblast to fibroblast, myofibroblast function, and extracellular matrix production were examined in the following conditions: naïve, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplemented, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) supplemented. RESULTS Aged VFFs demonstrated reduced proliferation by cell counting, though the ratio of Ki-67-positive cells showed no difference. Aged VFFs exhibited an increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA); however, they demonstrated no enhanced contractile ability in a gel contraction assay. Type I collagen protein was increased age dependently, accompanied with decreased Mmp1 and unchanged Col1a1 transcription. Type I collagen protein and α-SMA represented quite similar reduction patterns to bFGF or HGF administration. CONCLUSIONS The following possible characteristics of aged VFFs were implied: long duration of mitosis, increased myofibroblast population size with certain dysfunctions, reduced type I collagen turnover, and correlation between α-SMA expression and type I collagen metabolism. Further investigations of these features will help to clarify presbyphonia's pathology and establish treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:E94-E101, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kawai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Sogami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsuji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Hiwatashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kanemaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakamura
- Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Chen DQ, Hu HH, Wang YN, Feng YL, Cao G, Zhao YY. Natural products for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:50-60. [PMID: 30466992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the common causes resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological features of CKD. Natural products have begun to gain widely popularity worldwide for promoting healthcare and preventing CKD, and have been used as a conventional or complementary therapy for CKD treatment. PURPOSE The present paper reviewed the therapeutic effects of natural products on CKD and revealed the molecular mechanisms of their anti-fibrosis. METHODS All the available information on natural products against renal fibrosis was collected via a library and electronic search (using Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Splinker, etc.). RESULTS Accumulated evidence demonstrated that natural products exhibited the beneficial effects for CKD treatment and against renal fibrosis. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanism of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis, followed by an in-depth discussion of their molecular mechanism of natural products including isolated compounds and crude extracts against renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. A number of isolated compounds have been confirmed to retard renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION The review provides comprehensive insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis. Particular challenges are presented and placed within the context of future applications of natural products against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - He-He Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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22
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Trial J, Cieslik KA. Changes in cardiac resident fibroblast physiology and phenotype in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H745-H755. [PMID: 29906228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00237.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. With aging, dysregulated cardiac fibroblasts have a reduced capacity to activate a canonical transforming growth factor-β-Smad pathway and differentiate poorly into contractile myofibroblasts. That results in the formation of an insufficient scar after myocardial infarction. In contrast, in the uninjured aged heart, fibroblasts are activated and acquire a profibrotic phenotype that leads to interstitial fibrosis, ventricular stiffness, and diastolic dysfunction, all conditions that may lead to heart failure. There is an apparent paradox in aging, wherein reparative fibrosis is impaired but interstitial, adverse fibrosis is augmented. This could be explained by analyzing the effectiveness of signaling pathways in resident fibroblasts from young versus aged hearts. Whereas defective signaling by transforming growth factor-β leads to insufficient scar formation by myofibroblasts, enhanced activation of the ERK1/2 pathway may be responsible for interstitial fibrosis mediated by activated fibroblasts. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/fibroblast-phenotypic-changes-in-the-aging-heart/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn Trial
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Katarzyna A Cieslik
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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Chen Q, Yi Z, Cheng J. Atrial fibrillation in aging population. Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:67-74. [PMID: 31942483 PMCID: PMC6880740 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, the pathogenesis processes of atrial fibrillation (AF) are heightened. In this article, we review the mechanisms that predispose elderly patients to AF. We also highlight the unique features in diagnosis, stroke prevention, and treatment strategies for the elderly patient with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Texas Heart InstituteHoustonTXUSA
| | - Zhong Yi
- Department of GeriatricsAerospace Center HospitalBeijingChina
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IL-13 may be involved in the development of CAD via different mechanisms under different conditions in a Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6182. [PMID: 29670225 PMCID: PMC5906444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) has important functions in atherosclerosis, but its role in coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. Here, we studied the genetic role of IL-13 in CAD in a Chinese Han population using tag SNPs covering the whole IL13 gene (i.e., rs1881457, rs2069744 and rs20541) and a two-stage cohort containing 1863 CAD cases and 1841 controls. Traditional risk factors for CAD, such as age, BMI, and other factors, were used as covariates in logistic regression analysis. In the total population, we found that two haplotypes of IL13 (ATG and ATA, ordered rs1881457C-rs2069744T-rs20541A) significantly contributed to the risk of CAD with adjusted p values less than 0.05 (padj = 0.019 and padj = 0.042, respectively). In subgroup population analyses, the variant rs1881457C was found to significantly contribute to a nearly two fold increase in the risk of CAD in men (padj = 0.023, OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.09-3.33). The variant rs1881457C also significantly contributed to a nearly twofold risk of late-onset CAD (padj = 0.024, OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.09-3.42). In conclusion, IL13 might be involved in CAD via different mechanisms under different conditions in the Chinese Han population.
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Li L, Zhao Q, Kong W. Extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:490-506. [PMID: 29371055 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the myocardium, facilitates the progression of arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction, and influences the clinical course and outcome in patients with heart failure. This review describes the composition and homeostasis in normal cardiac interstitial matrix and introduces cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. We also characterize the ECM alteration in the fibrotic response under diverse cardiac pathological conditions and depict the role of matricellular proteins in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis based on imaging and biomarker detection and the therapeutic strategies are addressed. Understanding the comprehensive molecules and pathways involved in ECM homeostasis and remodeling may provide important novel potential targets for preventing and treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cryptogenic stroke accounts for approximately 30% of all ischemic strokes. Recently, atrial cardiopathy diagnosed by the presence of one of its serum, imaging, or electrocardiogram biomarkers has been shown to be associated with ischemic stroke, particularly of embolic subtypes. Areas covered: This paper aims to summarize data on occult atrial fibrillation and stroke, provide an overview on mechanisms, such as inflammation and fibrosis, of stroke in atrial cardiopathy, critically review data on biomarkers of atrial cardiopathy and their association with stroke, and suggest therapeutic implications, including directions for future research. Expert commentary: Atrial cardiopathy may constitute one of the mechanisms in cryptogenic stroke, and patients with evidence of atrial cardiopathy constitute a group of patients in whom clinical trials are warranted to test anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy to reduce stroke recurrence risk. In addition, more studies are needed to determine the degree of overlap between these atrial cardiopathy biomarkers and which one is more useful in predicting the risk of stroke and response to anticoagulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Yaghi
- a Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Hooman Kamel
- b Departments of Neurology and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- c Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.,d Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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Recent Advances of Curcumin in the Prevention and Treatment of Renal Fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2418671. [PMID: 28546962 PMCID: PMC5435901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2418671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from the turmeric, has received attention as a potential treatment for renal fibrosis primarily because it is a relatively safe and inexpensive compound that contributes to kidney health. Here, we review the literatures on the applications of curcumin in resolving renal fibrosis in animal models and summarize the mechanisms of curcumin and its analogs (C66 and (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(2-bromophenyl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one(B06)) in preventing inflammatory molecules release and reducing the deposition of extracellular matrix at the priming and activation stage of renal fibrosis in animal models by consulting PubMed and Cnki databases over the past 15 years. Curcumin exerts antifibrotic effect through reducing inflammation related factors (MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and cav-1) and inducing the expression of anti-inflammation factors (HO-1, M6PRBP1, and NEDD4) as well as targeting TGF-β/Smads, MAPK/ERK, and PPAR-γ pathways in animal models. As a food derived compound, curcumin is becoming a promising drug candidate for improving renal health.
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Hypoxia-stimulated cardiac fibroblast production of IL-6 promotes myocardial fibrosis via the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2016; 96:839-52. [PMID: 27348628 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interlukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by several cell types that has a role in fibrosis. Fibroblasts (FBs) maintain this underlying pathogenic change through regulation of IL-6 production; however, its potential functional role in regulating surrounding cellular structural changes during ischemic myocardial remodeling remains unexplored. Here, we generated FBs, cardiomyocytes (CMs), and blood vascular endothelial cells (ECs) from the ventricles of neonatal rats. IL-6 was then overexpressed in FBs and the cells were treated with IL-6 receptor inhibitor (IL6RI), TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor (TβRI), or MMP2/MMP9 inhibitor (MMPI) using monoculture or coculture models under hypoxic conditions. The results indicate that overexpression of IL-6 is sufficient to induce myofibroblastic proliferation, differentiation, and fibrosis, probably via increased TGF-β1-mediated MMP2/MMP3 signaling. The use of IL6RI, TβRI, or MMPI diminished these effects. In addition, IL-6 activated the apoptosis-associated factors Caspase3 and Smad3, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2, resulting in apoptosis of CMs under hypoxic coculture: IL6RI or TβRI inhibited these effects. Unexpectedly, IL-6-overexpressing FBs significantly increased the angiogenesis of ECs, which involved significant increases in the expression of proangiogenic growth factors. Treatment of FBs with IL6RI or TβRI in coculture with ECs reduced the levels of secreted proangiogenic growth factors, and the angiogenesis of ECs was significantly downregulated. Thus, IL-6 functions in ischemic myocardial remodeling through multifunctional reprogramming of hypoxia-associated FBs towards fibrosis via upregulation of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Tao H, Yang JJ, Shi KH, Li J. Epigenetic factors MeCP2 and HDAC6 control α-tubulin acetylation in cardiac fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:415-26. [PMID: 26975406 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological feature of cardiac remodeling in heart diseases. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a transcription inhibitor, and plays a key role in the fibrotic diseases. However, the precise role of MeCP2 in cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. α-tubulin plays an essential role in cell function, whereby the acetylation state of α-Tubulin dictates the efficiency of cell proliferation and differentiation. This study was undertaken to investigate that MeCP2 dynamics affect the acetylation state of α-tubulin in the cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups, cardiac fibrosis was produced by common ISO. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were harvested from SD neonate rats and cultured. The expression of HDAC6, MeCP2, α-SMA, collagen I was measured by western blotting and qRT-PCR. siRNA of HDAC6 and MeCP2 effect the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, and affect the acetylation state of α-tubulin. RESULTS We have found the acetylation state of α-tubulin in cardiac fibroblasts as well as cardiac tissue from a ISO-induced rat cardiac fibrosis model and observed a reduction in acetylated α-tubulin and an increase in the α-tubulin-specific deacetylase, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Furthermore, we have shown that treatment of cardiac fibroblasts with HDAC6 inhibitor Tubastatin A and HDAC6-siRNA can restore α-tubulin acetylation levels. In addition, treatment of cardiac fibroblasts with MeCP2-siRNA blocked cell proliferation. Knockdown of MeCP2 suppresses HDAC6 expression in activated cardiac fibroblasts but increases the acetylation of α-tubulin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that MeCP2 may negatively control the acetylation of α-tubulin through HDAC6 in cardiac fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis. This study indicated that MeCP2 could be a potentially new therapeutic option for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Dzeshka MS, Lip GYH, Snezhitskiy V, Shantsila E. Cardiac Fibrosis in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:943-59. [PMID: 26293766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with structural, electrical, and contractile remodeling of the atria. Development and progression of atrial fibrosis is the hallmark of structural remodeling in AF and is considered the substrate for AF perpetuation. In contrast, experimental and clinical data on the effect of ventricular fibrotic processes in the pathogenesis of AF and its complications are controversial. Ventricular fibrosis seems to contribute to abnormalities in cardiac relaxation and contractility and to the development of heart failure, a common finding in AF. Given that AF and heart failure frequently coexist and that both conditions affect patient prognosis, a better understanding of the mutual effect of fibrosis in AF and heart failure is of particular interest. In this review paper, we provide an overview of the general mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis in AF, differences between fibrotic processes in atria and ventricles, and the clinical and prognostic significance of cardiac fibrosis in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Dzeshka
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Eduard Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Schilling JM, Patel HH. Non-canonical roles for caveolin in regulation of membrane repair and mitochondria: implications for stress adaptation with age. J Physiol 2015; 594:4581-9. [PMID: 26333003 DOI: 10.1113/jp270591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different theories of ageing have been proposed but none has served the unifying purpose of defining a molecular target that can limit the structural and functional decline associated with age that ultimately leads to the demise of the organism. We propose that the search for a molecule with these unique properties must account for regulation of the signalling efficiency of multiple cellular functions that degrade with age due to a loss of a particular protein. We suggest caveolin as one such molecule that serves as a regulator of key processes in signal transduction. We define a particular distinction between cellular senescence and ageing and propose that caveolin plays a distinct role in each of these processes. Caveolin is traditionally thought of as a membrane-localized protein regulating signal transduction via membrane enrichment of specific signalling molecules. Ultimately we focus on two non-canonical roles for caveolin - membrane repair and regulation of mitochondrial function - which may be novel features of stress adaptation, especially in the setting of ageing. The end result of preserving membrane structure and mitochondrial function is maintenance of homeostatic signalling, preserving barrier function, and regulating energy production for cell survival and resilient ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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