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Vogt M, Unnikrishnan MK, Heinig N, Schumann U, Schmidt MHH, Barth K. c-Cbl Regulates Murine Subventricular Zone-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells in Dependence of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Cells 2023; 12:2400. [PMID: 37830613 PMCID: PMC10572332 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The localization, expression, and physiological role of regulatory proteins in the neurogenic niches of the brain is fundamental to our understanding of adult neurogenesis. This study explores the expression and role of the E3-ubiquitin ligase, c-Cbl, in neurogenesis within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice. In vitro neurosphere assays and in vivo analyses were performed in specific c-Cbl knock-out lines to unravel c-Cbl's role in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Our findings suggest that c-Cbl is significantly expressed within EGFR-expressing cells, playing a pivotal role in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, c-Cbl's function extends beyond EGFR signaling, as its loss upon knock-out stimulated progenitor cell proliferation in neurosphere cultures. Yet, this effect was not detected in hippocampal progenitor cells, reflecting the lack of the EGFR in the hippocampus. In vivo, c-Cbl exerted only a minor proneurogenic influence with no measurable impact on the formation of adult-born neurons. In conclusion, c-Cbl regulates neural stem cells in the subventricular zone via the EGFR pathway but, likely, its loss is compensated by other signaling modules in vivo.
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by phytochemicals: Therapeutic implications in malignancies with an emphasis on brain tumors. Biofactors 2023; 49:782-819. [PMID: 37162294 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the multimechanistic nature of cancers, current chemo- or radiotherapies often fail to eradicate disease pathology, and frequent relapses or resistance to therapies occur. Brain malignancies, particularly glioblastomas, are difficult-to-treat cancers due to their highly malignant and multidimensional biology. Unfortunately, patients suffering from malignant tumors often experience poor prognoses and short survival periods. Thus far, significant efforts have been conducted to discover novel and more effective modalities. To that end, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has attracted tremendous interest since it affects the homeostasis of proteins critically engaged in various cell functions, for example, cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. With their safe and multimodal actions, phytochemicals are among the promising therapeutic tools capable of turning the operation of various UPS elements. The present review, along with an updated outline of the role of UPS dysregulation in multiple cancers, provided a detailed discussion on the impact of phytochemicals on the UPS function in malignancies, especially brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zheng T, Zhou H, Zheng Z, Guo Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Li S. The pathological significance and potential mechanism of ARHGEF6 in lung adenocarcinoma. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106894. [PMID: 37058762 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidences suggest that ARHGEF6 is involved in cancers but the exact significance and underlying mechanism are unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the pathological significance and potential mechanism of ARHGEF6 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS Bioinformatics and experimental methods were used to analyze the expression, the clinical significance, the cellular function and potential mechanisms of ARHGEF6 in LUAD. RESULTS ARHGEF6 was downregulated in LUAD tumor tissues and correlated negatively with poor prognosis and tumor stemness, positively with the Stromal score, the Immune score and the ESTIMATE score. The expression level of ARHGEF6 was also associated with drug sensitivity, the abundance of immune cells, the expression levels of Immune checkpoint genes and immunotherapy response. Mast cells, T cells and NK cells were the first three cells with the highest expression of ARHGEF6 in LUAD tissues. Overexpression of ARHGEF6 reduced proliferation and migration of LUAD cells and the growth of xenografted tumors, which could be reversed by re-knockdown of ARHGEF6. Results of RNA sequencing revealed that ARHGEF6 overexpression induced significant changes in the expression profile of LUAD cells, and genes encoding uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronic acid transferases (UGTs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS ARHGEF6 functions as a tumor suppressor in LUAD and may serve as a new prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target. Regulating tumor microenvironment and immunity, inhibiting the expression of UGTs and ECM components in the cancer cells, and decreasing the stemness of the tumors may among the mechanisms underlying the function of ARHGEF6 in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiaozhan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, PR China
| | - Hanxi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Zheng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, PR China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Junfei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Shikang Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, PR China.
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Arora I, Li S, Crowley MR, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Genome-Wide Analysis on Transcriptome and Methylome in Prevention of Mammary Tumor Induced by Early Life Combined Botanicals. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010014. [PMID: 36611809 PMCID: PMC9818885 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. The consumption of natural dietary components such as broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenols (GTPs) has demonstrated exciting potential in reducing the risk of BC through the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. However, little is known about their impacts on reversing epigenomic aberrations that are centrally involved in the initiation and progression of BC. Previously, we have determined the efficacy of combined BSp and GTPs treatment on the inhibition of the growth of a mammary tumor in a transgenic Her2/neu mouse model. We sought to extend our previous study to identify universal biomarkers that represent common mechanistic changes among different mouse models in response to this dietary regime by including a new transgenic mouse model, C3(1)-SV40 TAg (SV40). As a result, we identified novel target genes that were differentially expressed and methylated in response to dietary botanicals when administered singly (BSp and GTPs) and in combination (BSp + GTPs) in both mouse models. We discovered more differentially expressed and methylated genes in the combination treatment group compared to the singly administered groups. Subsequently, several biological pathways related to epigenetic regulations were identified in response to the combination treatment. Furthermore, when compared to the BSp and GTPs treatment alone, the combinatorial treatment showed a more significant impact on the regulation of the epigenetic modifier activities involved in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Our study provides key insights about the impact of the combined administration of BSp and GTPs on BC using a multi-omics analysis, suggesting a combinatorial approach is more efficacious in preventing and inhibiting BC by impacting key tumor-related genes at transcriptomic and methylomic levels. Our findings could be further extrapolated as a comprehensive source for understanding the epigenetic modifications that are associated with the effects of these dietary botanicals on BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.O.T.)
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.O.T.)
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Marjanovic J, Ramirez HA, Jozic I, Stone RC, Wikramanayake TC, Head CR, Abdo Abujamra B, Ojeh N, Kirsner RS, Lev-Tov H, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M. Dichotomous role of miR193b-3p in diabetic foot ulcers maintains inhibition of healing and suppression of tumor formation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg8397. [PMID: 35544594 PMCID: PMC9707408 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg8397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite the hyperproliferative environment marked by activation of β-catenin and overexpression of c-myc, the epidermis surrounding chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is clinically hypertrophic and nonmigratory yet does not undergo malignant transformation. We identified miR193b-3p as a master regulator that contributes to this unique cellular phenotype. We determined that induction of tumor suppressor miR193b-3p is a unique feature of DFUs that is not found in venous leg ulcers, acute wounds, or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Genomic analyses of DFUs identified suppression of the miR193b-3p target gene network that orchestrates cell motility. Inhibition of migration and wound closure was further confirmed by overexpression of miR193b-3p in human organotypic and murine in vivo wound models, whereas miR193b-3p knockdown accelerated wound reepithelialization in human ex vivo and diabetic murine wounds in vivo. The dominant negative effect of miR193b-3p on keratinocyte migration was maintained in the presence of promigratory miR31-5p and miR15b-5p, which were also overexpressed in DFUs. miR193b-3p mediated antimigratory activity by disrupting stress fiber formation and by decreasing activity of GTPase RhoA. Conversely, miR193b-3p targets that typically participate in malignant transformation were found to be differentially regulated between DFUs and SCC, including the proto-oncogenes KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral proto-oncogene) and KIT (KIT proto-oncogene). Although miR193b-3p acts as a tumor suppressor contributing to low tumor incidence in DFUs, it also acts as a master inhibitor of cellular migration and epithelialization in DFUs. Thus, miR193b-3p may represent a target for wound healing induction, cancer therapeutics, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marjanovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Horacio A Ramirez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Cheyanne R Head
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Beatriz Abdo Abujamra
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nkemcho Ojeh
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hadar Lev-Tov
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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Maksoud S. The Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Glioma: Analysis Emphasizing the Main Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies Identified in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3252-3269. [PMID: 33665742 PMCID: PMC8260465 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas constitute the most frequent tumors of the brain. High-grade gliomas are characterized by a poor prognosis caused by a set of attributes making treatment difficult, such as heterogeneity and cell infiltration. Additionally, there is a subgroup of glioma cells with properties similar to those of stem cells responsible for tumor recurrence after treatment. Since proteasomal degradation regulates multiple cellular processes, any mutation causing disturbances in the function or expression of its elements can lead to various disorders such as cancer. Several studies have focused on protein degradation modulation as a mechanism of glioma control. The ubiquitin proteasome system is the main mechanism of cellular proteolysis that regulates different events, intervening in pathological processes with exacerbating or suppressive effects on diseases. This review analyzes the role of proteasomal degradation in gliomas, emphasizing the elements of this system that modulate different cellular mechanisms in tumors and discussing the potential of distinct compounds controlling brain tumorigenesis through the proteasomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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7
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Recent insight into the role of RING-finger E3 ligases in glioma. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:519-529. [PMID: 33544148 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) serves as the major posttranslational modification system for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are responsible for the recognition and recruitment of specific substrate proteins for polyubiquitination. Really interesting new gene (RING) finger E3s account for the majority of E3s. The human genome encodes more than 600 RING E3s, which are divided into three subclasses: single polypeptide E3s, cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) and other multisubunit E3s. The abnormal regulation of RING E3s has been reported to disrupt normal biological processes and induce the occurrence of many human malignancies. Glioma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor. In the last few decades, patient prognosis has improved as novel targeted therapeutic agents have developed. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the dysregulation of RING E3s and the altered stability of their substrates in glioma. We will further introduce and discuss the current status and future perspectives of the application of small inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) interfering with RING E3s as potential anticancer agents for glioma.
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Scholz N, Kurian KM, Siebzehnrubl FA, Licchesi JDF. Targeting the Ubiquitin System in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574011. [PMID: 33324551 PMCID: PMC7724090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with poor overall outcome and 5-year survival of less than 5%. Treatment has not changed much in the last decade or so, with surgical resection and radio/chemotherapy being the main options. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous and frequently becomes treatment-resistant due to the ability of glioblastoma cells to adopt stem cell states facilitating tumor recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The ubiquitin system, in particular E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes, have emerged as a promising source of novel drug targets. In addition to conventional small molecule drug discovery approaches aimed at modulating enzyme activity, several new and exciting strategies are also being explored. Among these, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) aim to harness the endogenous protein turnover machinery to direct therapeutically relevant targets, including previously considered "undruggable" ones, for proteasomal degradation. PROTAC and other strategies targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system offer new therapeutic avenues which will expand the drug development toolboxes for glioblastoma. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes in the context of glioblastoma and their involvement in core signaling pathways including EGFR, TGF-β, p53 and stemness-related pathways. Finally, we offer new insights into how these ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms could be exploited therapeutically for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Scholz
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A. Siebzehnrubl
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Chen C, Hui Y, Chen Y, Qian C, Sun M. Loss of c-Cbl expression correlates with de-differentiation status and lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2019; 62:549-555. [PMID: 31611438 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_824_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context C-Cbl is an important negative regulator of the cell signaling that acts as an adaptor protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase. The role of c-Cbl in development and regulation of human cancer has aroused intensive attention. Aims In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation between the expression of c-Cbl and clinicopathological parameters and explored the role of c-Cbl in the development and progression of GC. Settings and Design This is a Pilot study. Methods and Materials In total, 84 tissue samples including 44 gastric cancers (GC) and 40 matched adjacent normal tissues were collected after surgery. Then tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) technology were combined to detect the protein expression of c-Cbl. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Results We have studied the correlation between c-Cbl expression and clinicopathological parameters. Our study showed that c-Cbl has a low expression in 61.4% (27/44) of GC tissues, and the incidence of cases was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001). In addition, the correlation between c-Cbl expression and gastric carcinoma subtype (P = 0.027), histological type (P = 0.033), Borrmann classification (P = 0.009), histological differentiation (P = 0.0005), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), and intravascular tumor thrombus (P = 0.036) has also been revealed. Conclusions Our results show that c-Cbl is down-regulated in GC tissues compared with normal gastric tissue, which may play an important role in the development and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui; Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengjia Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Minxuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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The E3 ligase C-CBL inhibits cancer cell migration by neddylating the proto-oncogene c-Src. Oncogene 2018; 37:5552-5568. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Zhou W, Li X, Premont RT. Expanding functions of GIT Arf GTPase-activating proteins, PIX Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GIT-PIX complexes. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:1963-74. [PMID: 27182061 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The GIT proteins, GIT1 and GIT2, are GTPase-activating proteins (inactivators) for the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) small GTP-binding proteins, and function to limit the activity of Arf proteins. The PIX proteins, α-PIX and β-PIX (also known as ARHGEF6 and ARHGEF7, respectively), are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (activators) for the Rho family small GTP-binding protein family members Rac1 and Cdc42. Through their multi-domain structures, GIT and PIX proteins can also function as signaling scaffolds by binding to numerous protein partners. Importantly, the constitutive association of GIT and PIX proteins into oligomeric GIT-PIX complexes allows these two proteins to function together as subunits of a larger structure that coordinates two distinct small GTP-binding protein pathways and serves as multivalent scaffold for the partners of both constituent subunits. Studies have revealed the involvement of GIT and PIX proteins, and of the GIT-PIX complex, in numerous fundamental cellular processes through a wide variety of mechanisms, pathways and signaling partners. In this Commentary, we discuss recent findings in key physiological systems that exemplify current understanding of the function of this important regulatory complex. Further, we draw attention to gaps in crucial information that remain to be filled to allow a better understanding of the many roles of the GIT-PIX complex in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Design, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Wang Y, Chen L, Wu Z, Wang M, Jin F, Wang N, Hu X, Liu Z, Zhang CY, Zen K, Chen J, Liang H, Zhang Y, Chen X. miR-124-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting CBL. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:826. [PMID: 27842510 PMCID: PMC5109743 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin and development of breast cancer remain complex and obscure. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) has been identified as an important regulator of the initiation and progression of breast cancer, and some studies have shown the essential role of miR-124-3p as a tumor suppressor in breast tumorigenesis. However, the detailed role of miR-124-3p in breast cancer remains poorly understood. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting assays were used to measure miR-124-3p and CBL expression levels in breast cancer tissues, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the direct targeting of CBL by miR-124-3p. Cell proliferation and invasion assays were performed to analyze the biological functions of miR-124-3p and CBL in breast cancer cells. RESULTS In the present study, we found that miR-124-3p was consistently downregulated in breast cancer tissues. Moreover, we showed that miR-124-3p significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. In addition, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which miR-124-3p contributes to breast cancer tumorigenesis and identified CBL (Cbl proto-oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) as a direct target gene of miR-124-3p. Moreover, we found that ectopic expression of CBL can attenuate the inhibitory effect of miR-124-3p on cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a new regulatory axis in which miR-124-3p and CBL regulate the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Luxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Minghai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital with Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001 China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Xiuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Zhengya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046 China
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13
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Seong MW, Ka SH, Park JH, Park JH, Yoo HM, Yang SW, Park JM, Park D, Lee ST, Seol JH, Chung CH. Deleterious c-Cbl Exon Skipping Contributes to Human Glioma. Neoplasia 2016; 17:518-24. [PMID: 26152360 PMCID: PMC4719003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Cbl, a RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase, downregulates various receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)), leading to inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, patients with myeloid neoplasm frequently harbor c-Cbl mutations, implicating the role of c-Cbl as a tumor suppressor. Recently, we have shown that c-Cbl downregulates αPix-mediated cell migration and invasion, and the lack of c-Cbl in the rat C6 and human A172 glioma cells is responsible for their malignant behavior. Here, we showed that c-Cbl exon skipping occurs in the glioma cells and the brain tissues from glioblastoma patients lacking c-Cbl. This exon skipping resulted in generation of two types of c-Cbl isoforms: type I lacking exon-9 and type II lacking exon-9 and exon-10. However, the c-Cbl isoforms in the cells and tissues could not be detected as they were rapidly degraded by proteasome. Consequently, C6 and A172 cells showed sustained EGFR activation. However, no splice site mutation was found in the region from exon-7 to exon-11 of the c-Cbl gene in C6 cells and a glioblastoma tissue lacking c-Cbl. In addition, c-Cbl exon skipping could be induced when cells transfected with a c-Cbl mini-gene were grown to high density or under hypoxic stress. These results suggest that unknown alternations (e.g., mutation) of splicing machinery in C6 and A172 cells and the glioblastoma brain tissues are responsible for the deleterious exon skipping. Collectively, these findings indicate that the c-Cbl exon skipping contributes to human glioma and its malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Seong
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeun Ka
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Wook Yang
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Mi Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongeun Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seol
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chin Ha Chung
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Protein Metabolism and Diseases, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Kortüm F, Harms FL, Hennighausen N, Rosenberger G. αPIX Is a Trafficking Regulator that Balances Recycling and Degradation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132737. [PMID: 26177020 PMCID: PMC4503440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting is an essential control mechanism for signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We report here that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor αPIX, which modulates the activity of Rho-GTPases, is a potent bimodal regulator of EGFR trafficking. αPIX interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, an enzyme that attaches ubiquitin to EGFR, thereby labelling this tyrosine kinase receptor for lysosomal degradation. We show that EGF stimulation induces αPIX::c-Cbl complex formation. Simultaneously, αPIX and c-Cbl protein levels decrease, which depends on both αPIX binding to c-Cbl and c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase activity. Through interaction αPIX sequesters c-Cbl from EGFR and this results in reduced EGFR ubiquitination and decreased EGFR degradation upon EGF treatment. However, quantitatively more decisive for cellular EGFR distribution than impaired EGFR degradation is a strong stimulating effect of αPIX on EGFR recycling to the cell surface. This function depends on the GIT binding domain of αPIX but not on interaction with c-Cbl or αPIX exchange activity. In summary, our data demonstrate a previously unappreciated function of αPIX as a strong promoter of EGFR recycling. We suggest that the novel recycling regulator αPIX and the degradation factor c-Cbl closely cooperate in the regulation of EGFR trafficking: uncomplexed αPIX and c-Cbl mediate a positive and a negative feedback on EGFR signaling, respectively; αPIX::c-Cbl complex formation, however, results in mutual inhibition, which may reflect a stable condition in the homeostasis of EGF-induced signal flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Leonie Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Hennighausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Rosenberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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