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Zhang S, Zhu X, Chen Y, Wen Z, Shi P, Ni Q. The role and therapeutic potential of macrophages in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393392. [PMID: 38774880 PMCID: PMC11106398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role played by macrophages and their underlying mechanisms in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It begins by discussing the origins and diverse subtypes of macrophages, elucidating their spatial distribution and modes of intercellular communication, thereby emphasizing their significance in the pathogenesis of DCM. The review then delves into the intricate relationship between macrophages and the onset of DCM, particularly focusing on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms employed by macrophages in the context of DCM condition. Additionally, the review discusses various therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages to manage DCM. It specifically highlights the potential of natural food components in alleviating diabetic microvascular complications and examines the modulatory effects of existing hypoglycemic drugs on macrophage activity. These findings, summarized in this review, not only provide fresh insights into the role of macrophages in diabetic microvascular complications but also offer valuable guidance for future therapeutic research and interventions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhige Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Wan Q, Lu Q, Luo S, Guan C, Zhang H. The beneficial health effects of puerarin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3. [PMID: 38709267 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death globally that seriously threaten human health. Although novel western medicines have continued to be discovered over the past few decades to inhibit the progression of CVDs, new drug research and development for treating CVDs with less side effects and adverse reactions are continuously being desired. Puerarin is a natural product found in a variety of medicinal plants belonging to the flavonoid family with potent biological and pharmacological activities. Abundant research findings in the literature have suggested that puerarin possesses a promising prospect in treating CVDs. In recent years, numerous new molecular mechanisms of puerarin have been explored in experimental and clinical studies, providing new evidence for this plant metabolite to protect against CVDs. This article systematically introduces the history of use, bioavailability, and various dosage forms of puerarin and further summarizes recently published data on the major research advances and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms in treating CVDs. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of pharmacology, natural products, and internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qiwen Lu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Sang Luo
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
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3
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Xu H, Yu S, Lin C, Dong D, Xiao J, Ye Y, Wang M. Roles of flavonoids in ischemic heart disease: Cardioprotective effects and mechanisms against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155409. [PMID: 38342018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are extensively present in fruits, vegetables, grains, and medicinal plants. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) comprise a sequence of detrimental incidents following myocardial ischemia. Research indicates that flavonoids have the potential to act as cardioprotective agents against MI/R injuries. Several specific flavonoids, e.g., luteolin, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, and puerarin, have demonstrated cardioprotective activities in animal models. PURPOSE The objective of this review is to identify the cardioprotective flavonoids, investigate their mechanisms of action, and explore their application in myocardial ischemia. METHODS A search of PubMed database and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords "myocardial ischemia" and "flavonoids". Studies published within the last 10 years reporting on the cardioprotective effects of natural flavonoids on animal models were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 55 natural flavonoids were identified and discussed within this review. It can be summarized that flavonoids regulate the following main strategies: antioxidation, anti-inflammation, calcium modulation, mitochondrial protection, ER stress inhibition, anti-apoptosis, ferroptosis inhibition, autophagy modulation, and inhibition of adverse cardiac remodeling. Additionally, the number and position of OH, 3'4'-catechol, C2=C3, and C4=O may play a significant role in the cardioprotective activity of flavonoids. CONCLUSION This review serves as a reference for designing a daily diet to prevent or reduce damages following ischemia and screening of flavonoids for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 508060, PR China
| | - Shenglong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Chunxi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Dingjun Dong
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, PR China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense, Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Yanbin Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 508060, PR China.
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4
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Yang F, Gao H, Niu Z, Ni Q, Zhu H, Wang J, Lu J. Puerarin protects the fatty liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13229. [PMID: 38381885 PMCID: PMC10880884 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) remains high, and many NAFLD patients suffer from severe ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Currently, no practical approach can be used to treat IRI. Puerarin plays a vital role in treating multiple diseases, such as NAFLD, stroke, diabetes, and high blood pressure. However, its role in the IRI of the fatty liver is still unclear. We aimed to explore whether puerarin could protect the fatty liver from IRI. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by ischemia reperfusion injury. We showed that hepatic IRI was more severe in the fatty liver compared with the normal liver, and puerarin could significantly protect the fatty liver against IRI and alleviate oxidative stress. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was activated during IRI, while liver steatosis decreased the level of activation. Puerarin significantly protected the fatty liver from IRI by reactivating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. However, LY294002, a PI3K-AKT inhibitor, attenuated the protective effect of puerarin. In conclusion, puerarin could significantly protect the fatty liver against IRI by activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faji Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hengjun Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqiang Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Chen C, Wang J, Zhu X, Hu J, Liu C, Liu L. Energy metabolism and redox balance: How phytochemicals influence heart failure treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116136. [PMID: 38215694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) epitomizes a formidable global health quandary characterized by marked morbidity and mortality. It has been established that severe derangements in energy metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of HF, culminating in an inadequate cardiac energy milieu, which, in turn, precipitates cardiac pump dysfunction and systemic energy metabolic failure, thereby steering the trajectory and potential recuperation of HF. The conventional therapeutic paradigms for HF predominantly target amelioration of heart rate, and cardiac preload and afterload, proffering symptomatic palliation or decelerating the disease progression. However, the realm of therapeutics targeting the cardiac energy metabolism remains largely uncharted. This review delineates the quintessential characteristics of cardiac energy metabolism in healthy hearts, and the metabolic aberrations observed during HF, alongside the associated metabolic pathways and targets. Furthermore, we delve into the potential of phytochemicals in rectifying the redox disequilibrium and the perturbations in energy metabolism observed in HF. Through an exhaustive analysis of recent advancements, we underscore the promise of phytochemicals in modulating these pathways, thereby unfurling a novel vista on HF therapeutics. Given their potential in orchestrating cardiac energy metabolism, phytochemicals are emerging as a burgeoning frontier for HF treatment. The review accentuates the imperative for deeper exploration into how these phytochemicals specifically intervene in cardiac energy metabolism, and the subsequent translation of these findings into clinical applications, thereby broadening the horizon for HF treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lanchun Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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6
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Li Q, Zhang S, Yang G, Wang X, Liu F, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou T, Xie D, Liu Y, Zhang L. Energy metabolism: A critical target of cardiovascular injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115271. [PMID: 37544284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main killers threatening human health. Many studies have shown that abnormal energy metabolism plays a key role in the occurrence and development of acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Regulating cardiac energy metabolism is a frontier topic in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, we are not very clear about the choice of different substrates, the specific mechanism of energy metabolism participating in the course of cardiovascular disease, and how to develop appropriate drugs to regulate energy metabolism to treat cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this paper reviews how energy metabolism participates in cardiovascular pathophysiological processes and potential drugs aimed at interfering energy metabolism.It is expected to provide good suggestions for promoting the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangzu Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengqiang Yang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuxian Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dingxiong Xie
- Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Liying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
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7
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Sun S, Gong D, Liu R, Wang R, Chen D, Yuan T, Wang S, Xing C, Lv Y, Du G, Fang L. Puerarin Inhibits NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD-Mediated Pyroptosis via P2X7 Receptor in Cardiomyocytes and Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13169. [PMID: 37685976 PMCID: PMC10488171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a critical complication of long-term chronic diabetes mellitus, and it is characterized by myocardial fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy. Previous studies have shown that the pyroptosis pathway was significantly activated in DCM and may be related to the P2X7 receptor. However, the role of the P2X7 receptor in the development of DCM with pyroptosis is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of puerarin and whether the P2X7 receptor can be used as a new target for puerarin in the treatment of DCM. We adopted systematic pharmacology and bioinformatic approaches to identify the potential targets of puerarin for treating DCM. Additionally, we employed D-glucose-induced H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes and lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 mouse mononuclear macrophages as the in vitro model on DCM research, which is close to the pathological conditions. The mRNA expression of cytokines in H9C2 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages was detected. The protein expressions of NLRP3, N-GSDMD, cleaved-caspase-1, and the P2X7 receptor were investigated with Western blot analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking of puerarin and the P2X7 receptor was conducted based on CDOCKER. A total of 348 puerarin targets and 4556 diabetic cardiomyopathy targets were detected, of which 218 were cross targets. We demonstrated that puerarin is effective in enhancing cardiomyocyte viability and improving mitochondrial function. In addition, puerarin is efficacious in blocking NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in H9C2 cells and RAW264.7 cells, alleviating cellular inflammation. On the other hand, similar experimental results were obtained by intervention with the P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003, suggesting that the protective effects of puerarin are related to the P2X7 receptor. The molecular docking results indicated key binding activity between the P2X7 receptor and puerarin. These findings indicate that puerarin effectively regulated the pyroptosis signaling pathway during DCM, and this regulation was associated with the P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (S.S.); (D.G.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Difei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (S.S.); (D.G.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (S.S.); (D.G.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Di Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Tianyi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Cheng Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (S.S.); (D.G.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
| | - Lianhua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (S.S.); (D.G.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (R.L.); (D.C.); (T.Y.); (S.W.)
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8
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Seksaria S, Mehan S, Dutta BJ, Gupta GD, Ganti SS, Singh A. Oxymatrine and insulin resistance: Focusing on mechanistic intricacies involve in diabetes associated cardiomyopathy via SIRT1/AMPK and TGF-β signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23330. [PMID: 36890713 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CDM) and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part because of the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases. The clinical consequence associated with CDM is heart failure (HF) and is considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared to nondiabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional malfunctioning of the heart, which includes diastolic dysfunction followed by systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunctional remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. Indeed, many reports in the literature indicate that various signaling pathways, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β/smad pathways, are involved in diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, which increases the risk of functional and structural abnormalities of the heart. Therefore, targeting these pathways augments the prevention as well as treatment of patients with DCM. Alternative pharmacotherapy, such as that using natural compounds, has been shown to have promising therapeutic effects. Thus, this article reviews the potential role of the quinazoline alkaloid, oxymatrine obtained from the Sophora flavescensin CDM associated with diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies have given a therapeutic glimpse of the role of oxymatrine in the multiple secondary complications related to diabetes, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, and cardiovascular complications via reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, which might be due to targeting signaling pathways, such as AMPK, SIRT1, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β pathways. Thus, these pathways are considered central regulators of diabetes and its secondary complications, and targeting these pathways with oxymatrine might provide a therapeutic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Bhaskar J Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam D Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Subrahmanya S Ganti
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
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9
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Qiu F, Yuan Y, Luo W, Gong YS, Zhang ZM, Liu ZM, Gao L. Asiatic acid alleviates ischemic myocardial injury in mice by modulating mitophagy- and glycophagy-based energy metabolism. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1395-1407. [PMID: 34522006 PMCID: PMC9160258 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes disturbances in myocardial energy metabolism, ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. Cytosolic glycogen autophagy (glycophagy) and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) are upregulated in MI to optimize energy metabolism but to a limited extent. Asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene derived from the traditional Chinese herb Centella asiatica, displays anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic activities. AA has been found to alleviate focal cerebral and liver ischemic injury by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated whether AA exerted cardioprotective effects against MI by activating glycophagy and mitophagy to improve the energy balance. In vitro cardioprotective effects were examined in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 12 h. Treatment with AA (2-50 μM) significantly increased cell viability and improved the energy metabolism evidenced by increased ATP level and phosphocreatine/ATP ratio. In vivo cardioprotective effects were studied in a mouse model of MI. Administration of AA (5-125 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) significantly reduced infarct size and ischemic myocardial injury, and improved cardiac function. AA treatment also promoted mitophagy and relieved mitochondrial edema evidenced by increased number of mitophagosomes in ischemic myocardium in vivo and increased mitochondria-light chain 3 (LC3)-II colocalization in ODG-treated cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mitophagy activation was accompanied by activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Knockdown of AMPK abolished AA-activated mitophagy. Furthermore, we showed that glycophagy was upregulated in OGD cardiomyocytes evidenced by increased starch binding domain protein 1 (STBD1)-GABA type A receptor-associated protein-like 1(GABARAPL1) interaction and extracellular acidification rate, whereas AA treatment further promoted glycophagy accompanied by PI3K/Akt activation. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or Akt inhibitor GSK690693 blocked the effects of AA on glycophagy and glycolysis. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of glycophagy and mitophagy abolished the cardioprotective effects and energy regulation of AA. These results demonstrate that AA protects ischemic cardiomyocytes by modulating glycophagy- and mitophagy-based energy metabolism through the PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qiu
- grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, China ,grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Wei Luo
- grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, China ,grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yan-shan Gong
- grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Zhong-ming Zhang
- grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Zhong-min Liu
- grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, China ,grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China ,grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell Clinical Treatment, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Ling Gao
- grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, China ,grid.452753.20000 0004 1799 2798Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical translation, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell Clinical Treatment, Shanghai 200123, China
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10
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Role of puerarin in pathological cardiac remodeling: A review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Jiang Z, Cui X, Qu P, Shang C, Xiang M, Wang J. Roles and mechanisms of puerarin on cardiovascular disease:A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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12
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Bai YL, Han LL, Qian JH, Wang HZ. Molecular Mechanism of Puerarin Against Diabetes and its Complications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:780419. [PMID: 35058775 PMCID: PMC8764238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.780419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is a predominant component of Radix Puerarin. Despite its anti-tumor and anti-virus effects and efficacy in improving cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases and preventing osteoporosis, it has been shown to protect against diabetes and its complications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on Puerarin in diabetes and related complications, aiming to provide an overview of antidiabetic mechanisms of Puerarin and new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Bai
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Ling Han
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Hui Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Zhong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Zhou YX, Zhang H, Peng C. Effects of Puerarin on the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:771793. [PMID: 34950032 PMCID: PMC8689134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavone glycoside derived from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, has been identified as a pharmacologically active component with diverse benefits. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that puerarin is widely used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world, and therefore remain one of the most prominent global public health concerns. In this review, we systematically analyze the preclinical investigations of puerarin in CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetic cardiovascular complications, myocardial infarction, stroke and hypertension. In addition, the potential molecular targets of puerarin are also discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical trails of puerarin in the treatment of CVDs. Finally, the therapeutic effects of puerarin derivatives and its drug delivery systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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He Y, Huang W, Zhang C, Chen L, Xu R, Li N, Wang F, Han L, Yang M, Zhang D. Energy metabolism disorders and potential therapeutic drugs in heart failure. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1098-1116. [PMID: 34094822 PMCID: PMC8144890 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. A large number of studies have shown that HF is caused by severe energy metabolism disorders, which result in an insufficient heart energy supply. This deficiency causes cardiac pump dysfunction and systemic energy metabolism failure, which determine the development of HF and recovery of heart. Current HF therapy acts by reducing heart rate and cardiac preload and afterload, treating the HF symptomatically or delaying development of the disease. Drugs aimed at cardiac energy metabolism have not yet been developed. In this review, we outline the main characteristics of cardiac energy metabolism in healthy hearts, changes in metabolism during HF, and related pathways and targets of energy metabolism. Finally, we discuss drugs that improve cardiac function via energy metabolism to provide new research ideas for the development and application of drugs for treating HF.
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15
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Pang Z, Wei Y, Chen H, Wang R, Gao X, Zhang J, Gao Y, Qian S. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on the polymorphic transformations of puerarin hydrates. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120374. [PMID: 33581272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (PUE), a bioactive flavonoid from the plant Pueraria lobata, exists in two hydrated forms: monohydrate (PUEMH) and dihydrate (PUEDH). The aim of the present work was to explore the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanism of the polymorphic transformation of PUE, including the solvent-mediated polymorphic transformation (SMPT) of PUEMH to PUEDH and the solid-state polymorphic transformations (SSPTs) of PUEMH and PUEDH. PUEMH and PUEDH were identified as isolated and channel hydrate, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG < 0, ΔH < 0, and ΔS < 0) indicated that the SMPT was a spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-decreased reaction. The facilitating roles of stirring rate and temperature on the SMPT were favored by the primary and secondary nucleation process of PUEDH. In addition, the results of SSPTs suggested that PUEMH and PUEDH would transform to two different anhydrates (PUEAH-I and PUEAH-II) upon heating, respectively. The dehydration rate of PUEMH was slower than that of PUEDH due to the stronger hydrogen bond interactions. The rate-limiting step for the dehydration of PUEMH was the diffusion of water molecules, resulting in the increased dehydration activation during the dehydration process, while the dehydration activation energy of PUEDH showed opposite trend due to the complicated crystallization process of PUEAH-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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16
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Structure – Activity Relationship and Therapeutic Benefits of Flavonoids in the Management of Diabetes and Associated Disorders. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Shu H, Peng Y, Hang W, Nie J, Zhou N, Wang DW. The role of CD36 in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 118:115-129. [PMID: 33210138 PMCID: PMC8752351 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36, also known as the scavenger receptor B2, is a multifunctional receptor widely expressed in various organs. CD36 plays a crucial role in the uptake of long-chain fatty acids, the main metabolic substrate in myocardial tissue. The maturation and transportation of CD36 is regulated by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, and palmitoylation. CD36 is decreased in pathological cardiac hypertrophy caused by ischaemia-reperfusion and pressure overload, and increased in diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. Deficiency of CD36 alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis, while overexpression of CD36 eliminates ischaemia-reperfusion damage, together suggesting that CD36 is closely associated with the progression of cardiovascular diseases and may be a new therapeutic target. This review summarizes the regulation and post-translational modifications of CD36 and evaluates its role in cardiovascular diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Shu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jiali Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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18
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Puerarin protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome: The role of the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107086. [PMID: 33068868 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of puerarin and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of puerarin in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to puerarin (100 mg/kg) with or without the SIRT1 inhibitor nicotinamide (500 mg/kg) and then subjected to MI/R operation. Myocardial infarct size, serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity, apoptotic cell death, and cardiac structure and function were examined to evaluate MI/R injury. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the inflammatory response and inflammasome activation, as well as activation of SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. RESULTS Puerarin significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, serum CK-MB activity, and apoptotic cell death, and improved cardiac structural damage and dysfunction. Moreover, puerarin notably decreased the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, indicating that puerarin attenuated MI/R-induced inflammation. Furthermore, puerarin markedly decreased the protein levels of Ac-NF-κB, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, cleaved IL-1β, and cleaved IL-18 and increased the protein level of SIRT1. More importantly, the SIRT1 inhibitor nicotinamide prevented these puerarin-induced cardioprotective effects and regulation of the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSION Puerarin protected against MI/R injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses probably via the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway, and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome was also involved in puerarin-induced cardioprotective effects. These results suggest that puerarin may be a novel candidate for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Yang M, Hu Z, Yue R. Effect of pueraria, scutellaria, and coptis decoction for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19770. [PMID: 32311982 PMCID: PMC7220274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in the world. The overall goal of diabetes management is to control blood glucose and lipids, so as to reduce the incidence of complications. Pueraria, scutellaria, and coptis decoction (PSCD) is 1 of the representative Traditional Chinese medicine formula in the treatment of diabetes, which is widely used in clinical practice in China. At present, there are many clinical reports about this formula, but these reports have their own defects.Therefore, there is an urgent need for a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the current clinical evidence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A comprehensive literature search will be conducted and randomized controlled trials will be selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting blood glucose and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose will be selected as the main outcomes. The secondary outcomes are glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, glycerol, low-density cholesterol, high-density cholesterol and adverse effects. Chi-square and I test will be used to test the heterogeneity of the study. Subgroup analysis will be conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity and sensitivity will be conducted to test the stability of the results. Funnel plot will be used to evaluate publication bias. Finally, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluate system will be used to summarize the quality of evidence. RESULTS The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. CONCLUSION This research will evaluate the efficacy of Pueraria, scutellaria, and coptis decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It will provide strong evidence-based support for clinical practice. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WVDE5.
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He L, Wang T, Chen BW, Lu FM, Xu J. Puerarin inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in myocardial cells via PPARα expression in rats with chronic heart failure. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3347-3356. [PMID: 31602208 PMCID: PMC6777288 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure affects myocardial energy metabolism and cardiac function. Puerarin has been reported to improve cardiac function through regulation of energy metabolism in mice with myocardial infarction. The aim of the current study was to determine whether puerarin can improve body weight and reduce inflammation and apoptosis in rats with chronic heart failure. Rats were divided into three groups: Puerarin, PBS and sham group. Transverse aortic constriction was performed to induce chronic heart failure in the puerarin an PBS groups. Cardiac function, apoptosis and inflammation were evaluated following a 4-week treatment in rats with chronic heart failure. The results demonstrated that puerarin significantly increased the survival rate of rats and improved cardiac function compared with the PBS group. In addition, puerarin decreased lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity compared with the PBS group. Puerarin treatment increased the expression levels of glucose transporter type 4 and decreased the expression levels of CD36. Additionally, puerarin decreased the levels inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in serum and myocardial tissue compared with the PBS group. Puerarin upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and its downstream target genes nuclear respiratory factor 1, FOS proto-oncogene, YY1 transcription factor, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase a, Fas cell surface death receptor, L-type pyruvate kinase and acetyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase medium chain in myocardial cells from rats with chronic heart failure. These results demonstrated that puerarin inhibited apoptosis and inflammation in myocardial cells via the PPARα pathway. In conclusion, the present study indicated that puerarin may exhibit antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity through the PPARα pathway in rats with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le He
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Yellow River Hospital, Tianjin 300110, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Min Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
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21
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Liu M, Liu J, Zhang L, Geng Q, Ge Y. Antidepressant-like effects of ginseng fruit saponin in myocardial infarction mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108900. [PMID: 31054510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been proved to be closely associated with depression in which 5-HT plays a crucial role. Ginseng Fruit Saponin (GFS) and Metoprolol are two drugs which have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in Myocardial Infarction (MI) mice. However, their effects on depression-like behaviors after MI and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to investigate their antidepressive-like effects as well as their impacts on the 5-HT system. METHODS The MI model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. Mice were administered with GFS, Metoprolol or saline for 4 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated and depressive-like behaviors were quantified at the end of the experiments. Masson's staining was used to assess myocardial fibrosis while immunohistochemistry, western blot, ELISA and qPCR were performed to analyze the levels of 5-HT and its related genes. RESULTS Compared with MI groups, Both GFS and Metoprolol treatments significantly improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, GFS but not Metoprolol increased the levels of 5-HT in the cortex and rescued depression-like behaviors in MI mice. CONCLUSIONS GFS has potential antidepressive effects and the mechanisms involve the regulation of 5-HT concentrations in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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22
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Chen X, Yu J, Shi J. Management of Diabetes Mellitus with Puerarin, a Natural Isoflavone FromPueraria lobata. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 46:1771-1789. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most challenging public health problems globally. The increasing prevalence and mortality rates call for more effective therapeutic agents, especially for DM complications. Traditional herbs have a long clinical application history for DM treatment. Puerarin is a natural isoflavone from Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi which has been consumed both as a functional food and herb in Eastern Asia countries. Documented data has shown that puerarin has cardio-protective, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and many other effects. In this review, we will summarize the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of puerarin on DM and complications. Puerarin may directly benefit DM by decreasing blood glucose levels, improving insulin resistance, protecting islets, inhibiting inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting Maillard reaction and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Furthermore, puerarin may also benefit DM indirectly by retarding and improving a series of DM complications, such as cardiovascular complications, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, etc. However, comprehensive studies of its effect and mechanisms are needed. In addition, its efficacy is relatively low, which is partially due to its pharmacokinetics profiles. Though puerarin shows low toxicity to experimental animals, its safety on human remains to be clarified. Collectively, we suggest that puerarin might be a potential adjuvant agent for the treatment of DM and DM complications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
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Cardioprotective Effects of Puerarin-V on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction Mice Is Associated with Regulation of PPAR-Υ/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123322. [PMID: 30558188 PMCID: PMC6321361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a new advantageous crystal form of puerarin, puerarin-V, has been developed. However, the cardioprotective effects of puerarin-V on myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure are still unclear. In this research, we aim to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of puerarin-V on the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. To induce MI in C57BL/6 mice, ISO was administered at 40 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 h for three times in total. The mice were randomly divided into nine groups: (1) control; (2) ISO; (3) ISO + puerarin injection; (4⁻9) ISO + puerarin-V at different doses and timings. After treatment, cardiac function was evaluated by electrocardiogram (ECG), biochemical and histochemical analysis. In vitro inflammatory responses and apoptosis were evaluated in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced PPAR-Υ/NF-κB and subsequently activation of cytokines were assessed by the western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Administration of puerarin-V significantly inhibits the typical ST segment depression compared with that in MI mice. Further, puerarin-V treatment significantly improves ventricular wall infarction, decreases the incidence of mortality, and inhibits the levels of myocardial injury markers. Moreover, puerarin-V treatment reduces the inflammatory milieu in the heart of MI mice, thereby blocking the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). The beneficial effects of puerarin-V might be associated with the normalization in gene expression of PPAR-Υ and PPAR-Υ/NF-κB /ΙκB-α/ΙΚΚα/β phosphorylation. In the in vitro experiment, treatment with puerarin-V (0.3, 1 and 3 μM) significantly reduces cell death and suppresses the inflammation cytokines expression. Likewise, puerarin-V exhibits similar mechanisms. The cardioprotective effects of puerarin-V treatment on MI mice in the pre + post-ISO group seem to be more prominent compared to those in the post-ISO group. Puerarin-V exerts cardioprotective effects against ISO-induced MI in mice, which may be related to the activation of PPAR-γ and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our research provides a new therapeutic option for the treatment of MI in clinic.
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Du Y, Ge Y, Xu Z, Aa N, Gu X, Meng H, Lin Z, Zhu D, Shi J, Zhuang R, Wu X, Wang X, Yang Z. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Pathway Participates in Angiogenesis of Myocardial Infarction in Muscone-Treated Mice: Preliminary Study. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8870-8877. [PMID: 30531686 PMCID: PMC6295139 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in myocardial infarction (MI) treatment by ameliorating myocardial remodeling, thus improving cardiac function and preventing heart failure. Muscone has been reported to have beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling in MI mice. However, the effects of muscone on angiogenesis in MI mice and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into sham, MI, and MI+muscone groups. The MI mouse model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Mice in the sham group received the same procedure except for ligation. Mice were administered muscone or an equivalent volume of saline for 4 consecutive weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiograph after MI for 2 and 4 weeks. Four weeks later, all mice were sacrificed and Masson's trichrome staining was used to assess myocardial fibrosis. Isolectin B4 staining was applied to evaluate the angiogenesis in mouse hearts. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to analyze expression levels of HIF-1a and its downstream genes. RESULTS Compared with the MI group, muscone treatment significantly improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, muscone enhanced angiogenesis in the peri-infarct region and p-VEGFR2 expression in the vascular endothelial cells. Western blot analysis and qPCR showed that muscone upregulated expression levels of HIF-1a and VEGFA. CONCLUSIONS Muscone improved cardiac function in MI mice through augmented angiogenesis. The potential mechanism of muscone treatment in regulating angiogenesis of MI mice was upregulating expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Aa
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Haoyu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhou Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Dongxiao Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ruijuan Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xueming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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25
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Gel formation of puerarin and mechanistic study during its cooling process. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:625-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Zhou L, Zhan ML, Tang Y, Xiao M, Li M, Li QS, Yang L, Li X, Chen WW, Wang YL. Effects of β-caryophyllene on arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase 1-mediated regulation of glycolysis in colorectal cancer under high-glucose conditions. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1613-1624. [PMID: 30066849 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). A previous study revealed that the levels of arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (ART1) in CRC tissues from patients with T2DM were higher than in non-diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia, which is a risk factor of cancer, is a common feature of T2DM; however, the effects of ART1 on glycolysis and energy metabolism in CRC cells under high-glucose conditions remains to be elucidated. β-caryophyllene (BCP) has been reported to exert anticancer and hypoglycemic effects. In the present study, CT26 cells were cultured under a high-glucose conditions and the expression levels of relevant factors were detected by western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining, ATP assay and lactic acid assay were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis and energy metabolism of CT26 cells. To observe the effects of ART1 and BCP on tumor growth in vivo, CT26 cell tumors were successfully transplanted into BALB/c mice with T2DM. The results demonstrated that overexpression of ART1 may increase glycolysis and energy metabolism in CT26 CRC cells under high glucose conditions by regulating the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/c‑Myc signaling pathway and the expression of glycolytic enzymes. BCP inhibited the effects induced by ART1, which may be due to a BCP-induced reduction in the expression levels of ART1 via nuclear factor-κB. Therefore, ART1 may be considered a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Lu Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Shu Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Liu B, Zhao C, Li H, Chen X, Ding Y, Xu S. Puerarin protects against heart failure induced by pressure overload through mitigation of ferroptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:233-240. [PMID: 29427658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of cardiovascular disease and is characterized by the loss of myocytes caused by cell death. Puerarin has been found to improve HF clinically, and animal study findings have confirmed its anti-cell-death properties. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially with respect to the impact on ferroptosis, a newly defined mechanism of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death in HF. Here, ferroptosis-like cell death was observed in erastin- or isoprenaline (ISO)-treated H9c2 myocytes in vitro and in rats with aortic banding inducing HF, characterized by reduced cell viability with increased lipid peroxidation and labile iron pool. Interestingly, the increased iron overload and lipid peroxidation observed in either rats with HF or H9c2 cells incubated with ISO were significantly blocked by puerarin administration. These results provide compelling evidence that puerarin plays a role in inhibiting myocyte loss during HF, partly through ferroptosis mitigation, suggesting a new mechanism of puerarin as a potential therapy for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Hongkun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Heji Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China
| | - Sudan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, China.
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Wang C, Yan M, Jiang H, Wang Q, He S, Chen J, Wang C. Mechanism of aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) up-regulation in rat cerebral edema under hypobaric hypoxia and the preventative effect of puerarin. Life Sci 2017; 193:270-281. [PMID: 29054452 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aim to investigate the mechanism of aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) up-regulation during high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) in rats under hypobaric hypoxia and preventative effect of puerarin. METHODS Rats were exposed to a hypobaric chamber with or without the preventative treatment of puerarin or dexamethasone. Morriz water maze was used to evaluate the spatial memory injury. HE staining and W/D ratio were used to evaluate edema injury. Rat astrocytes and microglia were co-cultured under the condition of hypoxia with the administration of p38 inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor or puerarin. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) of cortex and culture supernatant were measured with ELISA. AQP4, phosphorylation of MAPKs, NF-κB pathway of cortex and astrocytes were measured by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Weakened spatial memory and cerebral edema were observed after hypobaric hypoxia exposure. AQP4, phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathway of cortex increased after hypoxia exposure and decreased with preventative treatment of puerarin. Hypoxia increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in cortex and microglia and puerarin could prevent the increase of them. AQP4 of astrocytes increased after co-cultured with microglia when both were exposed to hypoxia. AQP4 showed a decrease after administered with p38 inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor or puerarin. SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia triggers inflammatory response, during which AQP4 of astrocytes can be up regulated through the release of TNF-α and IL-6 from microglia. Puerarin can exert a preventative effect on the increase of AQP4 through inhibiting the release of TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB, MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Muyang Yan
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army Aviation School, 101023 Beijing, China
| | - Shang He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China.
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Qing-Hua Granule induces GLP-1 secretion via bitter taste receptor in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:10-17. [PMID: 28213324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Qing-Hua Granule (QHG), the modified formulation of a classical Chinese prescription named Gegen Qinlian Decoction, was clinically employed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). However, the potential mechanism is unknown. We investigate whether QHG induces GLP-1 secretion via activation of bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) pathway in the gastrointestinal tract of db/db mice. The db/db mice were intragastrically (i.g.) administered QHG (low/medium/high dose) once daily for 8 weeks. GLP-1 secretion was evaluated. The bitter receptor signaling pathway, which regulates GLP-1 secretion, including TAS2R5 (a subtype of TAS2R), α-gustducin (Gαgust), 1-phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 (PLCβ2), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The biochemical observations of ileum and pancreas tissue were detected histopathologically. Acquity Ultra Performance LCTM - Micromass ZQ 2000 (UPLC-MS) was used for the phytochemical analysis. QHG exhibited significant and dose-dependent effect on GLP-1 secretion in db/db mice, along with significant up-regulation of TAS2R5 mRNA level and activation of TAS2R pathway (p<0.05). In addition, QHG improved the histopathological structure of ileum and pancreatic tissue. Seventeen compounds were identified in QHG. In conclusion, QHG induces GLP-1 secretion in db/db mice, most likely through the bitter taste receptor pathway.
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The Effects of Puerarin on Rat Ventricular Myocytes and the Potential Mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35475. [PMID: 27762288 PMCID: PMC5071873 DOI: 10.1038/srep35475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a known isoflavone, is commonly found as a Chinese herb medicine. It is widely used in China to treat cardiac diseases such as angina, cardiac infarction and arrhythmia. However, its cardioprotective mechanism remains unclear. In this study, puerarin significantly prolonged ventricular action potential duration (APD) with a dosage dependent manner in the micromolar range on isolated rat ventricular myocytes. However, submicromolar puerarin had no effect on resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential amplitude (APA) and maximal velocity of depolarization (Vmax) of action potential. Only above the concentration of 10 mM, puerarin exhibited more aggressive effect on action potential, and shifted RMP to the positive direction. Millimolar concentrations of puerarin significantly inhibited inward rectified K+ channels in a dosage dependent manner, and exhibited bigger effects upon Kir2.1 vs Kir2.3 in transfected HEK293 cells. As low as micromolar range concentrations of puerarin significantly inhibited Kv7.1 and IKs. These inhibitory effects may due to the direct inhibition of puerarin upon channels not via the PKA-dependent pathway. These results provided direct preclinical evidence that puerarin prolonged APD via its inhibitory effect upon Kv7.1 and IKs, contributing to a better understanding the mechanism of puerarin cardioprotection in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Wang C, Yan M, Jiang H, Wang Q, Guan X, Chen J, Wang C. Protective effects of puerarin on acute lung and cerebrum injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia via the regulation of aquaporin (AQP) via NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:300-309. [PMID: 27643664 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypobaric hypoxia, frequently encountered at high altitude, may lead to lung and cerebrum injury. Our study aimed to investigate whether puerarin could exert ameliorative effects on rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia via regulation of aquaporin (AQP) and NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and cerebrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (normal control group, hypobaric hypoxia group, puerarin group and dexamethasone group). Wet/dry ratio, blood gas, pathological changes of lung and cerebrum and spatial memory were observed in each group. Inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined with ELISA and expression of AQP1, AQP4, NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and cerebrum with western blot RESULTS: Puerarin showed significant preventative effects on tissue injury and behavioral changes, as evidenced by histopathological findings and Morris water maze. In addition, levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF decreased in the two preventative groups compared with those of hypobaric hypoxia group. AQP in lung and cerebrum increased under the condition of hypobaric hypoxia while was down regulated in both two preventative groups. NF-κB and IκB was also inhibited by puerarin. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that lung and cerebrum injury, increased inflammatory cytokines in BALF and increased AQP1, AQP4 and NF-κB signaling pathway occurred under the condition of hypobaric hypoxia. Moreover, puerarin could prevent lung and cerebrum injury of rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia via down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, AQP1 and AQP4 expression and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyang Yan
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Outpatient Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army Aviation School, 101023 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Chamber, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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The Possible Role of Flavonoids in the Prevention of Diabetic Complications. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050310. [PMID: 27213445 PMCID: PMC4882722 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects many metabolic pathways. It is associated with insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, abnormal glucose levels, altered lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation and increased oxidative stress. These and other unknown mechanisms lead to micro- and macro-complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Based on several in vitro animal models and some human studies, flavonoids appear to play a role in many of the metabolic processes involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we seek to highlight the most recent papers focusing on the relationship between flavonoids and main diabetic complications.
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Li W, Zhao W, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi J, Chen X. Puerarin Improves Diabetic Aorta Injury by Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase-Derived Oxidative Stress in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8541520. [PMID: 26881260 PMCID: PMC4736809 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8541520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puerarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from the TCM lobed kudzuvine root. This study investigated the effect and mechanisms of puerarin on diabetic aorta in rats. METHODS Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were administered with puerarin for 3 weeks. Levels of serum insulin (INS), PGE2, endothelin (ET), glycated hemoglobin (GHb), H2O2, and nitric oxide (NO) in rats were measured by ELISA and colorimetric assay kits. The aortas were stained with H&E. Moreover, the mRNA expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and NOX4 and the protein expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NF-κB p65, E-selectin, NOX2, and NOX4 in aorta tissues were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The localization of ICAM-1, NF-κB p65, NOX2, and NOX4 in the aorta tissues was also determined through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Puerarin treatment exerted no effect on fasting blood glucose levels but significantly reduced the serum levels of INS, GHb, PGE2, ET, H2O2, and NO. In addition, puerarin improved the pathological alterations and inhibited the expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NOX2, and NOX4 at both mRNA and protein levels. Puerarin also significantly reduced the number of cells showing positive staining for ICAM-1, NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION Puerarin demonstrated protective effect on the STZ-induced diabetic rat aorta. The protective mechanisms may include regulation of NF-κB and inhibition of NOX2 and NOX4 followed by inhibition of cell adhesion molecule expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
- Chengdu Chronic Diseases Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
- *Jingshan Shi: and
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
- *Xiuping Chen:
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