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Function and regulation of corin in physiology and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1905-1916. [PMID: 33125488 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is of major importance in the maintenance of electrolyte balance and normal blood pressure. Reduced plasma ANP levels are associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP generation and alters electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis. Corin is synthesized as a zymogen that is proteolytically activated on the cell surface. Factors that disrupt corin folding, intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation are expected to impair corin function. To date, CORIN variants that reduce corin activity have been identified in hypertensive patients. In addition to the heart, corin expression has been detected in non-cardiac tissues, where corin and ANP participate in diverse physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in corin biosynthesis and post-translational modifications. We also discuss tissue-specific corin expression and function in physiology and disease.
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He M, Zhang Y, Li H, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. A common CORIN variant in hypertension reduces corin intracellular trafficking by exposing an inhibitory N-terminus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang H, Li S, Wang J, Chen S, Sun XL, Wu Q. N-glycosylation in the protease domain of trypsin-like serine proteases mediates calnexin-assisted protein folding. eLife 2018; 7:e35672. [PMID: 29889025 PMCID: PMC6021170 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypsin-like serine proteases are essential in physiological processes. Studies have shown that N-glycans are important for serine protease expression and secretion, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report a common mechanism of N-glycosylation in the protease domains of corin, enteropeptidase and prothrombin in calnexin-mediated glycoprotein folding and extracellular expression. This mechanism, which is independent of calreticulin and operates in a domain-autonomous manner, involves two steps: direct calnexin binding to target proteins and subsequent calnexin binding to monoglucosylated N-glycans. Elimination of N-glycosylation sites in the protease domains of corin, enteropeptidase and prothrombin inhibits corin and enteropeptidase cell surface expression and prothrombin secretion in transfected HEK293 cells. Similarly, knocking down calnexin expression in cultured cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes reduced corin cell surface expression and prothrombin secretion, respectively. Our results suggest that this may be a general mechanism in the trypsin-like serine proteases with N-glycosylation sites in their protease domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Shuo Li
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Juejin Wang
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Shenghan Chen
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Center for Gene Regulation of Health and DiseaseCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Zhang Y, Zhou T, Niu Y, He M, Wang C, Liu M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Fukuda K, Qin J, Dong N, Wu Q. Identification and functional analysis of CORIN variants in hypertensive patients. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1700-1710. [PMID: 28861913 PMCID: PMC5794343 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Corin is a serine protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). CORIN gene variants have been reported in patients with hypertension. To date, however, the prevalence of CORIN variants in hypertensive patients remains unknown. To understand the prevalence and functional significance of CORIN variants in hypertension, we sequenced CORIN exons in 300 normal and 401 hypertensive individuals in a Chinese population and identified nine nonsynonymous variants, of which eight were not characterized previously. Among them, variants c.131A > G (p.Tyr13Cys), c.376G > T (p.Asp95Tyr), c.1094T > G (p.Leu334Trp), and c.1667G > A (p.Arg525His) occurred similarly in both normal and hypertensive individuals. Variants c1139G > A (p.Arg349His), c.2689C > T (p.Pro866Ser), and c.2864C > T (p.Thr924Met) were found once each in hypertensive individuals. Variant c.1683G > T (p.Arg530Ser) occurred preferentially in hypertensive individuals [10/401 (2.5%) vs. 1/300 (0.3%) in normal individuals; P = 0.023], which was confirmed in another independent cohort [9/368 (2.44%) in hypertensive and 2/377 (0.53%) in normal individuals; P = 0.033]. In biochemical and cell-based functional studies, variants p.Arg530Ser and p.Thr924Met, but not p.Tyr13Cys, p.Asp95Tyr, p.Leu334Trp, p.Arg349His, p.Arg525His, and p.Pro866Ser, exhibited reduced pro-ANP processing activity, which was caused by endoplasmic reticulum retention and poor zymogen activation, respectively. These results indicate that genetic variants impairing corin function are not uncommon in general populations and that such variants may be an important contributing factor in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayan Niu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling He
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Cardiology and MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology and MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an important hormone in regulating salt-water balance and blood pressure. This review focuses on the regulation of corin function and potential roles of corin defects in hypertensive, heart, and renal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 has been identified as a primary enzyme that converts zymogen corin to an active protease. Genetic variants that impair corin intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation have been found in patients with hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and pre-eclampsia. Reduced corin expression has been detected in animal models of cardiomyopathies and in human failing hearts. Low levels of circulating soluble corin have been reported in patients with heart disease and stroke. Corin, ANP and natriuretic peptide receptor-A mRNAs, and proteins have been colocalized in human renal segments, suggesting a corin-ANP autocrine function in the kidney. SUMMARY Corin is a key enzyme in the natriuretic peptide system. The latest findings indicate that corin-mediated ANP production may act in a tissue-specific manner to regulate cardiovascular and renal function. Corin defects may contribute to major diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, pre-eclampsia, and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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