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Jiang W, He Z, Yao R, Chen Z, Zeng X, Zheng M, Wang J, Li J, Jiang Y. Preparation of Pinoresinol and Dehydrodiconiferyl Alcohol from Eucommiae Cortex Extract by Fermentation with Traditional Mucor. Molecules 2024; 29:2979. [PMID: 38998931 PMCID: PMC11243097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae Cortex (EC) is frequently used alone or in combination with other active ingredients to treat a range of illnesses. An efficient technical instrument for changing cheap or plentiful organic chemicals into rare or costly counterparts is biotransformation. It combines EC with biotransformation techniques with the aim of producing some novel active ingredients, using different strains of bacteria that were introduced to biotransform EC in an aseptic environment. The high-quality strains were screened for identification after the fermentation broth was found using HPLC, and the primary unidentified chemicals were separated and purified in order to be structurally identified. Strain 1 was identified as Aspergillus niger and strain 2 as Actinomucor elegans; the main transformation product A was identified as pinoresinol (Pin) and B as dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DA). The biotransformation of EC utilizing Aspergillus niger and Actinomucor elegans is reported for the first time in this study's conclusion, resulting in the production of Pin and DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhengyou He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ruijiao Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Lu M, Pan J, Hu Y, Ding L, Li Y, Cui X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li C. Advances in the study of vascular related protective effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and compounds. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109531. [PMID: 37984733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a functional food containing multiple bioactive compounds that find widespread applications in culinary and medicinal practices. It consists of multiple chemical components, including allicin and alliin. This article offers a comprehensive review of the protective effects of garlic extracts and their active constituents on the vascular system. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that garlic extracts and their active ingredients possess various bioactive properties. These substances demonstrate beneficial effects on blood vessels by demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibiting lipid accumulation and migration, preventing lipid peroxidation, promoting angiogenesis, reducing platelet aggregation, enhancing endothelial function, and inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis. In clinical studies, garlic and its extracts have demonstrated their efficacy in managing vascular system diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels. In summary, these studies highlight the potential therapeutic roles and underlying mechanisms of garlic and its constituents in managing conditions like diabetes, atherosclerosis, ischemic diseases, and other vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhai Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Zhong Y, Zhang BW, Li JT, Zeng X, Pei JX, Zhang YM, Yang YX, Li FL, Deng Y, Zhao Q. Ethanol extract of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall ameliorates psoriasis-like skin inflammation and promotes degradation of keratinocyte-derived ICAM-1 and CXCL9. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:584-592. [PMID: 37989697 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the ethanol extract of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall (EHC), a Xizang medicinal plant traditionally used for treating liver diseases, can improve imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the effects of topical EHC use in vivo on the skin pathology of imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. The protein levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in mouse skin samples were examined using immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells with or without EHC treatment were used to evaluate the expression of keratinocyte-derived intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and chemokine CXC ligand 9 (CXCL9) using Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and proteasome inhibitor MG132 were utilized to validate the EHC-mediated mechanism underlying degradation of ICAM-1 and CXCL9. RESULTS EHC improved inflammation in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model and reduced the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A in psoriatic lesions. Treatment with EHC also suppressed ICAM-1 and CXCL9 in epidermal keratinocytes. Further mechanistic studies revealed that EHC suppressed keratinocyte-derived ICAM-1 and CXCL9 by promoting ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation rather than transcriptional repression. Seven primary compounds including ehletianol C, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, herpetrione, herpetin, herpetotriol, herpetetrone and herpetetrol were identified from the EHC using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION Topical application of EHC ameliorates psoriasis-like skin symptoms and improves the inflammation at the lesion sites. Please cite this article as: Zhong Y, Zhang BW, Li JT, Zeng X, Pei JX, Zhang YM, Yang YX, Li FL, Deng Y, Zhao Q. Ethanol extract of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall ameliorates psoriasis-like skin inflammation and promotes degradation of keratinocyte-derived ICAM-1 and CXCL9. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(6): 584-592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhong
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Tao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Xia Pei
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Xi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fu-Lun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Xizang Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, China.
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Hu X, Qin N, Xue J, Li S, Huang X, Sun J, Xu F, Li Z, Li D, Hua H. Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn accelerates wound healing via inactivating NF-κB pathways in macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:305-317. [PMID: 31742713 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the efficacy of lignin compound dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DHCA) isolated from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn in improving wound healing. These findings preliminarily brought to light the promising therapeutic potential of DHCA in skin wound healing. METHODS First, the effect of DHCA on healing in vivo was studied using a full-thickness scalp wound model of mice by topical administration. Histopathological examinations were then conducted by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome staining and the immunofluorescence assay. Second, we further examined the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHCA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS DHCA could promote scalp wound healing in mice by enhancing epithelial cell proliferation and collagen formation and reducing inflammatory cells infiltration. Moreover, the NF-κB nuclear translocation was suppressed remarkably by DHCA administration in connective tissue of healing area. DHCA was also shown to inhibit production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-1β with downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-induced RAW 246.7 cells. More importantly, DHCA administration upregulated p-IκBα expression and induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB without affecting its expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that DHCA exerted anti-inflammatory activity through inactivation of NF-κB pathways in macrophages and subsequently improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Dose-dependent S-allyl cysteine ameliorates multiple sclerosis disease-related pathology by reducing oxidative stress and biomarkers of dysbiosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:266-273. [PMID: 28939293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is a component of the Mediterranean diet. S-allyl cysteine (SAC), the most common organosulphur present in garlic, possesses neuroprotective properties. This investigation was performed to evaluate the dose-dependent protective action of SAC on oxidative damage, inflammation and gut microbiota alterations biomarkers. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS) was induced by the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), whose effects were quantified by examining the changes in: clinical score, lipid peroxidation products, carbonylated proteins, glutathione system, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and lipopolysaccharide membrane bacteria (LPS). Our results reveal that MOG induces paralysis, oxidative damage and increases in LPS binding protein (LBP) and LPS levels. In this work, two doses of SAC were compared with two dose of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). SAC was more effective than NAC and it prevented the harmful effects induced by MOG more effectively at the dose of 50mg/kg than that of 18mg/kg. Surprisingly, NAC increases LBP levels while SAC had not such negative effect. In conclusion the data show the ability of SAC to modify EAE evolution.
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