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Hashida Y, Takechi K, Abiru T, Yabe N, Nagase H, Hattori K, Takio S, Sato Y, Hasebe M, Tsukaya H, Takano H. Two ANGUSTIFOLIA genes regulate gametophore and sporophyte development in Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1318-1330. [PMID: 31674691 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene regulates the width of leaves by controlling the diffuse growth of leaf cells in the medio-lateral direction. In the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens, we found two normal ANs (PpAN1-1 and 1-2). Both PpAN1 genes complemented the A. thaliana an-1 mutant phenotypes. An analysis of spatiotemporal promoter activity of each PpAN1 gene, using transgenic lines that contained each PpAN1-promoter- uidA (GUS) gene, showed that both promoters are mainly active in the stems of haploid gametophores and in the middle to basal region of the young sporophyte that develops into the seta and foot. Analyses of the knockout lines for PpAN1-1 and PpAN1-2 genes suggested that these genes have partially redundant functions and regulate gametophore height by controlling diffuse cell growth in gametophore stems. In addition, the seta and foot were shorter and thicker in diploid sporophytes, suggesting that cell elongation was reduced in the longitudinal direction, whereas no defects were detected in tip-growing protonemata. These results indicate that both PpAN1 genes in P. patens function in diffuse growth of the haploid and diploid generations but not in tip growth. To visualize microtubule distribution in gametophore cells of P. patens, transformed lines expressing P. patens α-tubulin fused to sGFP were generated. Contrary to expectations, the orientation of microtubules in the tips of gametophores in the PpAN1-1/1-2 double-knockout lines was unchanged. The relationships among diffuse cell growth, cortical microtubules and AN proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hashida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Takechi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Abiru
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagase
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Koro Hattori
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Susumu Takio
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology and SOKENDAI (Graduate School for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takano
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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QUIRKY regulates root epidermal cell patterning through stabilizing SCRAMBLED to control CAPRICE movement in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1744. [PMID: 30988311 PMCID: PMC6465271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SCM, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, is required for root epidermal cells to appropriately interpret their location and generate the proper cell-type pattern during Arabidopsis root development. Here, via a screen for scm-like mutants we describe a new allele of the QKY gene. We find that QKY is required for the appropriate spatial expression of several epidermal cell fate regulators in a similar manner as SCM in roots, and that QKY and SCM are necessary for the efficient movement of CPC between epidermal cells. We also show that turnover of SCM is mediated by a vacuolar degradation pathway triggered by ubiquitination, and that QKY prevents this SCM ubiquitination through their physical interaction. These results suggest that QKY stabilizes SCM through interaction, and this complex facilitates CPC movement between the epidermal cells to help establish the cell-type pattern in the Arabidopsis root epidermis. SCM is a receptor-like kinase that ensures proper root patterning. Here, Song et al. find that SCM promotes the movement of CPC from non-hair cells to neighboring root epidermal cells and identify QKY as an additional facilitator of CPC mobility that acts by preventing vacuolar degradation of SCM.
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Furuya T, Hattori K, Kimori Y, Ishida S, Nishihama R, Kohchi T, Tsukaya H. ANGUSTIFOLIA contributes to the regulation of three-dimensional morphogenesis in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Development 2018; 145:dev.161398. [PMID: 30126903 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) exhibit several phenotypes at the sporophyte stage, such as narrow and thicker leaves, trichomes with two branches, and twisted fruits. It is thought that these phenotypes are caused by abnormal arrangement of cortical microtubules (MTs). AN homologs are present in the genomes of diverse land plants, including the basal land plant Marchantia polymorpha, and their molecular functions have been shown to be evolutionarily conserved in terms of the ability to complement the A. thaliana an-1 mutation. However, the roles of ANs in bryophytes, the life cycle of which includes a dominant haploid gametophyte generation, remain unknown. Here, we have examined the roles of AN homologs in the model bryophyte M. polymorpha (MpAN). Mpan knockout mutants showed abnormal twisted thalli and suppressed thallus growth along the growth axis. Under weak blue light conditions, elongated thallus growth was observed in wild-type plants, whereas it was suppressed in the mutants. Moreover, disordered cortical MT orientations were observed. Our findings suggest that MpAN contributes to three-dimensional morphogenesis by regulating cortical MT arrangement in the gametophytes of bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koro Hattori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimori
- Department of Imaging Science, Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan .,Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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Kwak SH, Song SK, Lee MM, Schiefelbein J. TORNADO1 regulates root epidermal patterning through the WEREWOLF pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1103407. [PMID: 26451798 PMCID: PMC4854348 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is determined in a position-dependent manner. SCRAMBLED (SCM), an atypical leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, mediates this positional regulation via its effect on WEREWOLF (WER) expression, and subsequently, its downstream transcription factor, GLABRA2 (GL2), which are required for nonhair cell development. Previously, TORNADO1 (TRN1), a plant-specific protein with a leucine-rich repeat ribonuclease inhibitor-like domain, was shown to be required for proper epidermal patterning in Arabidopsis roots. In this work, we analyzed the possible involvement of TRN1 in the known root epidermal gene network. We discovered that the trn1 mutant caused the ectopic expression of WER and the randomized expression of GL2 and EGL3. This suggests that TRN1 regulates the position-dependent cell fate determination by affecting WER expression in Arabidopsis root epidermis. Additionally, the distinct phenotypes of the aerial parts of the trn1-t and scm-2 mutant suggest that TRN1 and SCM might have different functions in the development of aerial parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwan Kwak
- Department of Biology; Long Island University; 1 University Plaza; Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Sang-Kee Song
- Department of Biology; Chosun University; Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myeong Min Lee
- Department of Systems Biology; Yonsei University; Seoul, Korea
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
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