1
|
Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arampatzis AS, Tsave O, Kirchweger B, Zwirchmayr J, Papageorgiou VP, Rollinger JM, Assimopoulou AN. Expanding the Biological Properties of Alkannins and Shikonins: Their Impact on Adipogenesis and Life Expectancy in Nematodes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909285. [PMID: 35754463 PMCID: PMC9216188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkannin, shikonin (A/S) and their derivatives are naturally occurring hydroxynaphthoquinones biosynthesized in some species of the Boraginaceae family. These natural compounds have been extensively investigated for their biological properties over the last 40 years, demonstrating a plethora of activities, such as wound healing, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study aims to extend the current knowledge by investigating the effects of various A/S compounds on two model systems, namely on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The former constitutes an established in vitro model for investigating anti-obesity and insulin-mimetic properties, while the latter has been widely used as a model organism for studying fat accumulation, lifespan and the anthelmintic potential. A set of chemically well-defined A/S derivatives were screened for their effect on pre-adipocytes to assess cell toxicity, cell morphology, and cell differentiation. The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes was examined upon treatment with A/S compounds in the presence/absence of insulin, aiming to establish a structure-activity relationship. The majority of A/S compounds induced cell proliferation at sub-micromolar concentrations. The ester derivatives exhibited higher IC50 values, and thus, proved to be less toxic to 3T3-L1 cells. The parent molecules, A and S tested at 1 μM resulted in a truncated differentiation with a reduced number of forming lipids, whereas compounds lacking the side chain hydroxyl group projected higher populations of mature adipocytes. In C. elegans mutant strain SS104, A/S enriched extracts were not able to inhibit the fat accumulation but resulted in a drastic shortage of survival. Thus, the set of A/S compounds were tested at 15 and 60 μg/ml in the wild-type strain N2 for their nematocidal activity, which is of relevance for the discovery of anthelmintic drugs. The most pronounced nematocidal activity was observed for naphthazarin and β,β-dimethyl-acryl-shikonin, followed by isovaleryl-shikonin. The latter 2 A/S esters were identified as the most abundant constituents in the mixture of A/S derivatives isolated from Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. Taken together, the findings show that the structural variations in the moiety of A/S compounds significantly impact the modulation of their biological activities in both model systems investigated in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S Arampatzis
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Tsave
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Benjamin Kirchweger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Zwirchmayr
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vassilios P Papageorgiou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Hou L, Zhou W, Wang B, Han P, Gao C, Niu P, Zhang Z, Li Q, Huang R, Li P. Genome-Wide Association Study and FST Analysis Reveal Four Quantitative Trait Loci and Six Candidate Genes for Meat Color in Pigs. Front Genet 2022; 13:768710. [PMID: 35464836 PMCID: PMC9023761 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.768710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat color is the primary criterion by which consumers evaluate meat quality. However, there are a few candidate genes and molecular markers of meat color that were reported for pig molecular breeding. The purpose of the present study is to identify the candidate genes affecting meat color and provide the theoretical basis for meat color molecular breeding. A total of 306 Suhuai pigs were slaughtered, and meat color was evaluated at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter by CIELAB color space. All individuals were genotyped using GeneSeek GGP-Porcine 80K SNP BeadChip. The genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs), heritability, and genetic correlation of meat color were calculated by DMU software. The genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and the fixation index (FST) tests were performed to identify SNPs related to meat color, and the candidate genes within 1 Mb upstream and downstream of significant SNPs were screened by functional enrichment analysis. The heritability of L* 45 min, L* 24 h, a* 45 min, a* 24 h, b* 45 min, and b* 24 h was 0.20, 0.16, 0.30, 0.13, 0.29, and 0.22, respectively. The genetic correlation between a* (a* 45 min and a* 24 h) and L* (L* 45 min and L* 24 h) is strong, whereas the genetic correlation between b* 45 min and b* 24 h is weak. Forty-nine significant SNPs associated with meat color were identified through GWAS and FST tests. Among these SNPs, 34 SNPs were associated with L* 45 min within a 5-Mb region on Sus scrofa chromosome 11 (SSC11); 22 SNPs were associated with a* 45 min within a 14.72-Mb region on SSC16; six SNPs were associated with b* 45 min within a 4.22-Mb region on SSC13; 11 SNPs were associated with b* 24 h within a 2.12-Mb region on SSC3. These regions did not overlap with meat color–associated QTLs reported previously. Moreover, six candidate genes (HOMER1, PIK3CG, PIK3CA, VCAN, FABP3, and FKBP1B), functionally related to muscle development, phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation, and lipid binding, were detected around these significant SNPs. Taken together, our results provide a set of potential molecular markers for the genetic improvement of meat color in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Wuduo Zhou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Pingping Han
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Peipei Niu
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Zongping Zhang
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Huaiyin Pig Breeding Farm of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
- *Correspondence: Pinghua Li,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun Q, Gong T, Liu M, Ren S, Yang H, Zeng S, Zhao H, Chen L, Ming T, Meng X, Xu H. Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153805. [PMID: 34749177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin is one of the major phytochemical components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell), which is a type of medicinal herb broadly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. It is well established that shikonin possesses remarkable therapeutic actions on various diseases, with the underlying mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects elusive. Also, the clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE The present review aimed to systematically summarize the updated knowledge regarding the therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicological effects, clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin. METHODS The information contained in this review article were retrieved from some authoritative databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and so on, till August 2021. RESULTS Shikonin exerts multiple therapeutic efficacies, such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, anti-microbiomes, analgesia, anti-obesity, brain protection, and so on, mainly by regulating the NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPKs, Akt/mTOR, TGF-β, GSK3β, TLR4/Akt signaling pathways, NLRP3 inflammasome, reactive oxygen stress, Bax/Bcl-2, etc. In terms of pharmacokinetics, shikonin has an unfavorable oral bioavailability, 64.6% of the binding rate of plasma protein, and enhances some metabolic enzymes, particularly including cytochrome P450. In regard to the toxicological effects, shikonin may potentially cause nephrotoxicity and skin allergy. The above pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of shikonin have been validated by few clinical trials. In addition, pharmaceutical innovation of shikonin with novel drug delivery system such as nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, nanogel, cyclodextrin complexes, micelles and polymers are beneficial to the development of shikonin-based drugs. CONCLUSIONS Shikonin is a promising phytochemical for drug candidates. Extensive and intensive explorations on shikonin are warranted to expedite the utilization of shikonin-based drugs in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Lv J, Zhang J, Lv Z, Yu M. Lipidomic-based investigation into the therapeutic effects of polyene phosphatidylcholine and Babao Dan on rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5271. [PMID: 34727379 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world. In this paper, the metabolic disorders in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were induced by a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet. The therapeutic effects of polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and Babao Dan (BBD) on NAFLD were observed. Lipidomic analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap MS, and data analysis and lipid identification were performed using the software LipidSearch. Both PPC and BBD can reduce lipid accumulation in the liver and improve abnormal biochemical indicators in rats, including reduction of triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in serum. In addition, lipids in rat serum were systematically analyzed by lipidomics. The lipidomic results showed that the most obvious lipids with abnormal metabolism in CDAA diet-induced rats were glycerides (triglycerides and diacylglycerols), phospholipids and cholesterol esters. Both BBD and PPC partly reversed the disturbance to lipids induced by the CDAA diet. PPC may be more effective than BBD in alleviating NAFLD because it has a better effect on inhibiting the abnormal accumulation of lipids and reducing the inflammatory reaction in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinxiao Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Puckett DL, Alquraishi M, Chowanadisai W, Bettaieb A. The Role of PKM2 in Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1171. [PMID: 33503959 PMCID: PMC7865720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase is a key regulator in glycolysis through the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate. Pyruvate kinase exists in various isoforms that can exhibit diverse biological functions and outcomes. The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) controls cell progression and survival through the regulation of key signaling pathways. In cancer cells, the dimer form of PKM2 predominates and plays an integral role in cancer metabolism. This predominance of the inactive dimeric form promotes the accumulation of phosphometabolites, allowing cancer cells to engage in high levels of synthetic processing to enhance their proliferative capacity. PKM2 has been recognized for its role in regulating gene expression and transcription factors critical for health and disease. This role enables PKM2 to exert profound regulatory effects that promote cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and migration. In addition to its role in cancer, PKM2 regulates aspects essential to cellular homeostasis in non-cancer tissues and, in some cases, promotes tissue-specific pathways in health and diseases. In pursuit of understanding the diverse tissue-specific roles of PKM2, investigations targeting tissues such as the kidney, liver, adipose, and pancreas have been conducted. Findings from these studies enhance our understanding of PKM2 functions in various diseases beyond cancer. Therefore, there is substantial interest in PKM2 modulation as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple conditions. Indeed, a vast plethora of research has focused on identifying therapeutic strategies for targeting PKM2. Recently, targeting PKM2 through its regulatory microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) has gathered increasing interest. Thus, the goal of this review is to highlight recent advancements in PKM2 research, with a focus on PKM2 regulatory microRNAs and lncRNAs and their subsequent physiological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexter L. Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.L.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.L.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutrition, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.L.P.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alkannin protects human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from LPS-induced inflammatory injury by regulation of microRNA-210. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1679-1685. [PMID: 30372870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a fatal complication induced by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As the current therapeutic approaches for LN are not a permanent cure, we studied the potential therapeutic effects of alkannin (ALK) on LPS-treated human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells), aiming to find novel therapeutic drugs for LN treatment. METHODS Cell viability, apoptotic cells, expression of p53 and proteins associated with apoptosis, and release of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-treated HK-2 cells were measured by using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR/ELISA, respectively. Effects of ALK on LPS-treated HK-2 cells were evaluated, and miR-210 expression was determined by RT-qPCR. Afterwards, whether ALK affected LPS-treated cells via regulating miR-210 was verified, and the involvements of the NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways were finally studied using Western blot analysis. RESULTS LPS-induced decrease of cell viability, increase of apoptosis, and release of IL-6 and TNF-α were attenuated by ALK treatment. We found miR-210 level in LPS-treated cells was elevated by ALK, and miR-210 inhibition could effectively reverse the effects of ALK on LPS-treated cells. Moreover, we found the phosphorylation levels of key kinases in the NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways were reduced by ALK via up-regulating miR-210 in LPS-treated cells. CONCLUSION ALK attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory injury in HK-2 cells possibly through up-regulating miR-210. The LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways was attenuated by ALK via regulation of miR-210.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang J, Li P, Ling H, Xu Z, Yi B, Zhu S. MiR-499/PRDM16 axis modulates the adipogenic differentiation of mouse skeletal muscle satellite cells. Hum Cell 2018; 31:282-291. [PMID: 30097922 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-018-0210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risks of diverse diseases; brown adipose tissue (BAT) can increase energy expenditure and protect against obesity by increasing the decomposition of white adipose tissue (WAT) to enhance the non-coupled oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acid in adipocytes and contributes to weight loss. However, BAT is abundant in only small rodents and newborn humans, but not in adults. PRDM16 is a key factor that induces the differentiation of skeletal muscle precursors to brown adipocytes and simultaneously inhibits myogenic differentiation. In the present study, we set insulin-induced skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) adipogenic differentiation model, as confirmed by the contents of adipogenic markers PRDM16, UCP1 and PGC1α and myogenic markers MyoD1 and MyoG. We selected miR-499 as candidate miRNA, which might regulate PRDM16 to affect SMSCs adipogenic differentiation. Possibly through directly binding to PRDM16 3'-UTR, miR-499 negatively regulated PRDM16 expression and hindered SMSCs adipogenic differentiation by reducing adipogenic markers PRDM16, UCP1 and PGC1α and increasing myogenic markers MyoD1 and MyoG. PRDM16 overexpression could partially reverse the effect of miR-499 on the above markers and SMSCs adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, miR-499/PRDM16 axis can affect the balance between SMSC myogenic and adipogenic differentiation, targeting miR-499 to rescue PRDM16 expression, thus promoting SMSCs adipogenic differentiation may be a promising strategy for obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - PengZhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ling
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhouZhou Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Su Y, Lu S, Li J, Deng L. Shikonin-mediated up-regulation of miR-34a and miR-202 inhibits retinoblastoma proliferation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:907-912. [PMID: 30310667 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an ocular tumor that occurs mainly in children. The pathogenesis of RB is not well understood, and its treatment strategies are very limited. Shikonin is widely reported as an anti-tumor agent. However, its effect on RB is still unknown. MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation ability of two RB cell lines, Y-79 and WERI-Rb-1, upon treatment with Shikonin. Colony formation assay was conducted to examine the clonogenic ability of Shikonin-treated cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed for expression analysis of miRNAs and MYCN, respectively. Luciferase activity assay was conducted to test the inhibition mechanism of miR-34a and miR-202 on MYCN. Shikonin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of RB cells and upregulate the expressions of miR-34a and miR-202. MiR-34a and miR-202 could directly target the mRNA degradation of oncogene MYCN, and the inhibitory effect of Shikonin was largely weakened by restoring the MYCN protein expression. Shikonin-mediated up-regulation of miR-34a and miR-202 inhibits RB proliferation, partially mediated through MYCN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Department of TCM Ophthalmology , Jinan Second People's Hospital , No. 148 Jingyi Road , Jinan 250001 , Shandong , China .
| | - Shiyou Lu
- Department of Acupuncture , Affiliated hospital of Shandong University of TCM , No. 42 Wenhua West Road , Jinan 250011 , Shandong , China
| | - Jincun Li
- Department of TCM , Shandong Provincial Western Hospital , No. 4 Duanxing West Road , Jinan 250022 , Shandong , China
| | - Liya Deng
- Department of TCM Ophthalmology , Jinan Second People's Hospital , No. 148 Jingyi Road , Jinan 250001 , Shandong , China .
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jang YJ, Son HJ, Kim JS, Jung CH, Ahn J, Hur J, Ha TY. Coffee consumption promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and myoblast differentiation. Food Funct 2018; 9:1102-1111. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01683b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coffee increases skeletal muscle function and hypertrophy by regulating the TGF-β/myostatin – Akt – mTORC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Wanjugun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Son
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Wanjugun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Wanjugun
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Wanjugun
- Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Wanjugun
- Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology
| | - Jinyoung Hur
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Wanjugun
- Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research
- Korea Food Research Institute
- Wanjugun
- Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology
| |
Collapse
|