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Li J, Liu Y, Zheng R, Qu C, Li J. Molecular mechanisms of TACE refractoriness: Directions for improvement of the TACE procedure. Life Sci 2024; 342:122540. [PMID: 38428568 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the standard of care for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and selected patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, TACE does not achieve a satisfactory objective response rate, and the concept of TACE refractoriness has been proposed to identify patients who do not fully benefit from TACE. Moreover, repeated TACE is necessary to obtain an optimal and sustained anti-tumour response, which may damage the patient's liver function. Therefore, studies have recently been performed to improve the effectiveness of TACE. In this review, we summarise the detailed molecular mechanisms associated with TACE responsiveness and relapse after this treatment to provide more effective targets for adjuvant therapy while helping to improve TACE regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China; The Public Laboratory Platform of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China; The Public Laboratory Platform of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Cui Y, Sun Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Cao D, Cao X. The crosstalk among the physical tumor microenvironment and the effects of glucose deprivation on tumors in the past decade. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275543. [PMID: 38020920 PMCID: PMC10646288 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of tumors are inseparable from glucose metabolism. With the development of tumors, the volume increases gradually and the nutritional supply of tumors cannot be fully guaranteed. The tumor microenvironment changes and glucose deficiency becomes the common stress environment of tumors. Here, we discuss the mutual influences between glucose deprivation and other features of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, immune escape, low pH, and oxidative stress. In the face of a series of stress responses brought by glucose deficiency, different types of tumors have different coping mechanisms. We summarize the tumor studies on glucose deficiency in the last decade and review the genes and pathways that determine the fate of tumors under harsh conditions. It turns out that most of these genes help tumor cells survive in glucose-deprivation conditions. The development of related inhibitors may bring new opportunities for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Zhao JZ, Wang W, Liu T, Zhang L, Lin DZ, Yao JY, Peng X, Jin G, Ma TT, Gao JB, Huang F, Nie J, Lv Q. MYBL2 regulates de novo purine synthesis by transcriptionally activating IMPDH1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1290. [PMID: 36494680 PMCID: PMC9733023 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, alteration of nucleotide metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well-understood. MYBL2 regulates cell cycle progression and hepatocarcinogenesis, its role in metabolic regulation remains elusive. PATIENTS AND METHODS Copy number, mRNA and protein level of MYBL2 and IMPDH1 were analyzed in HCC, and correlated with patient survival. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (Chip-seq) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) were used to explore the relationship between MYBL2 and IMPDH1. Metabolomics were used to analyze how MYBL2 affected purine metabolism. The regulating effect of MYBL2 in HCC was further validated in vivo using xenograft models. RESULTS The Results showed that copy-number alterations of MYBL2 occur in about 10% of human HCC. Expression of MYBL2, IMPDH1, or combination of both were significantly upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in HCC. Correlation, ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed that MYBL2 activates transcription of IMPDH1, while knock-out of MYBL2 retarded IMPDH1 expression and inhibited proliferation of HCC cells. Metabolomic analysis post knocking-out of MYBL2 demonstrated that it was essential in de novo purine synthesis, especially guanine nucleotides. In vivo analysis using xenograft tumors also revealed MYBL2 regulated purine synthesis by regulating IMPDH1, and thus, influencing tumor progression. CONCLUSION MYBL2 is a key regulator of purine synthesis and promotes HCC progression by transcriptionally activating IMPDH1, it could be a potential candidate for targeted therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Zhang Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.488525.6Department of Pancreatic-hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Zheng Lin
- grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 510655 Guangzhou, China ,grid.488525.6Department of Endoscopic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yin Yao
- grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- grid.488525.6Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655 Guangzhou, China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Supported by National Key Clinical Discipline, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Jin
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Jiangnan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43022 Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ma
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Bo Gao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43022 Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Nie
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43022 Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Lv
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
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4
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Pan T, Chang Y, He M, He Z, Jiang J, Ren X, Zhang F. β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin regulates macrophage polarization via the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway and ameliorates sepsis in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:729-742. [PMID: 35352622 PMCID: PMC8973340 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2046111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The potential anti-inflammatory bioactivities of β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (β-HIVS) remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of β-HIVS. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h were treated with the non-cytotoxic doses of β-HIVS (0.5 or 1 μM, determined by MTT and Trypan blue staining), qRT-PCR and FCM assay were used to examine macrophage polarization transitions. Western blotting was used to evaluate the activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into vehicle control, LPS (10 mg/kg), and β-HIVS (2.5 mg/kg) combined with LPS (10 mg/kg) groups, blood samples, BALF, and lung tissues of mice were subjected to ELISA, qRT-PCR, FCM, and H&E staining. RESULTS β-HIVS (1 μM) inhibited LPS-induced expression of M1 macrophage markers (TNF-α: 0.29-fold, IL-1β: 0.32-fold), promoted the expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD206: 3.14-fold, Arginase-1: 3.98-fold) in RAW 264.7 cells; mechanistic studies showed that β-HIVS increased the expression of nuclear Nrf2 (2.04-fold) and p-AMPK (3.65-fold) compared with LPS group (p < 0.05). In vivo, β-HIVS decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α: 1130.41 vs. 334.88 pg/mL, IL-1β: 601.89 vs. 258.21 pg/mL in serum; TNF-α: 893.07 vs. 418.21 pg/mL, IL-1β: 475.22 vs. 298.54 pg/mL in BALF), decreased the proportion of M1 macrophages (77.83 vs. 68.53%) and increased the proportion of M2 macrophages (13.55 vs. 19.56%) in BALF, and reduced lung tissue damage and septic mice survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that β-HIVS may be a new potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabin Chang
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min He
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehui He
- Translational Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Yin X, Yu H, He XK, Yan SX. Prognostic and biological role of the N-Myc downstream-regulated gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2072-2086. [PMID: 35321174 PMCID: PMC8895174 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i7.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family is comprised of four members (NDRG1-4) involved in various important biological processes. However, there is no systematic evaluation of the prognostic of the NDRG family in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
AIM To analyze comprehensively the biological role of the NDRG family in HCC.
METHODS The NDRG family expression was explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas. DNA methylation interactive visualization database was used for methylation analysis of the NDRG family. The NDRG family genomic alteration was assessed using the cBioPortal. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to determine the degree of immune cell infiltration in tumors.
RESULTS NDRG1 and NDRG3 were up-regulated in HCC, while NDRG2 was down-regulated. Consistent with expression patterns, high expression of NDRG1 and NDRG3 was associated with poor survival outcomes (P < 0.05). High expression of NDRG2 was associated with favorable survival (P < 0.005). An NDRG-based signature that statistically stratified the prognosis of the patients was constructed. The percentage of genetic alterations in the NDRG family varied from 0.3% to 11.0%, and the NDRG1 mutation rate was the highest. NDRG 1-3 expression was associated with various types of infiltrated immune cells. Gene ontology analysis revealed that organic acid catabolism was the most important biological process related to the NDRG family. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that metabolic, proliferation, and immune-related gene sets were enriched during NDRG1 and NDRG3 high expression and NDRG2 low expression.
CONCLUSION Overexpression of NDRG1 and NDRG3 and down-expression of NDRG2 are correlated with poor overall HCC prognosis. Our results may provide new insights into the indispensable role of NDRG1, 2, and 3 in the development of HCC and guide a promising new strategy for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Kang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Tang T, Wang H, Han Y, Huang H, Niu W, Fei M, Zhu Y. The Role of N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene Family in Glioma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:949-968. [PMID: 34115542 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary tumor in the central nervous system, and the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family is reported to take part in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including some preliminary exploration in glioma. However, there has been no bioinformatics analysis of NDRG family in glioma yet. Herein, we focused on the expression changes of NDRGs with their value in predicting patients' prognoses, upstream regulatory mechanisms (DNA mutation, DNA methylation, transcription factors, and microRNA regulation) and gene enrichment analysis based on co-expressed genes with data from public databases. Furthermore, the expression pattern of NDRGs was verified by the paired glioma and peritumoral samples in our institute. It was suggested that NDRGs were differentially expressed genes in glioma. In particular, the lower expression of NDRG2 or NDRG4 could serve as a predictor of higher grade tumor and poorer prognosis. Also, NDRGs might play a crucial role in signal transduction, energy metabolism, and cross-talk among cells in glioma, under the control of a complex regulatory network. This study enables us to better understand the role of NDRGs in glioma and with further research, it may contribute to the development of glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Zhang F, Pan T, Wu X, Gao X, Li Z, Ren X. Non-cytotoxic doses of shikonin inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α expression via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32952636 PMCID: PMC7480124 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin has been reported to exhibit a wide variety of medical functions. However, the strong non-selective cytotoxicity of shikonin can restrict its clinical application. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of shikonin at non-cytotoxic doses on the pro-inflammation functions of monocytes and macrophages. The present results suggested that the non-cytotoxic doses of shikonin effectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB activation and TNF-α expression in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. In addition, the non-cytotoxic doses of shikonin downregulated LPS-induced TNF-α expression via AMPK signaling activation in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, and also in monocytes cultured ex vivo from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present in vivo results indicated that the low-toxic dose of shikonin suppressed LPS-induced endotoxin shock and TNF-α expression in mice. Collectively, the present results may provide clinical and translational relevance for treating COPD and other TNF-α-related inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Zhikui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
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8
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Pan T, Zhang F, Li F, Gao X, Li Z, Li X, Ren X. Shikonin blocks human lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion in the inflammatory microenvironment via the IL‑6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1049-1063. [PMID: 32705271 PMCID: PMC7388308 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment can lead to cancer cell metastasis. Shikonin, which is extracted from the Chinese herb Zicao (the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), possesses various pharmacological effects, but its effect on tumor metastasis in the inflammatory microenvironment remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of shikonin on tumor metastasis in an inflammatory microenvironment as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. It was found that, in the inflammatory microenvironment simulated by THP-1 cell conditioned medium (THP-1-CM) in vitro, shikonin significantly inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299. In addition, we found that interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is expressed in THP-1-CM, promoted the EMT of lung adenocarcinoma cells, and shikonin markedly inhibited IL-6-induced EMT and cell motility. Moreover, shikonin inhibited IL-6-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), prevented phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) translocation into the nucleus, and suppressed p-STAT3 transactivation activity. Additionally, it was found that shikonin inhibited lung metastasis, EMT and expression of p-STAT3 of A549 cells in vivo. Furthermore, IL-6 levels in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and lymph node metastasis, and its expression was correlated with tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration. Together, these results suggest that shikonin suppresses the migration and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in an inflammatory microenvironment involving the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fakai Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Zhikui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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9
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Li X, Wu X, Luo P, Xiong L. Astrocyte-specific NDRG2 gene: functions in the brain and neurological diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2461-2472. [PMID: 31834421 PMCID: PMC11104915 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the roles of astrocytes of the central nervous system in brain function and neurological disease have drawn increasing attention. As a member of the N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family, NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system. NDRG2, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressor. In astrocytes, NDRG2 affects the regulation of apoptosis, astrogliosis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glutamate clearance. Several preclinical studies have revealed that NDRG2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases not limited to tumors (mostly glioma in the nervous system), such as stroke, neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and psychiatric disorders (depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). This review summarizes the biological functions of NDRG2 under physiological and pathological conditions, and further discusses the roles of NDRG2 during the occurrence and development of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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10
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Mir BA, Mason SA, May AK, Russell AP, Foletta VC. Overexpression of NDRG2 in skeletal muscle does not ameliorate the effects of stress in vivo. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1326-1338. [PMID: 32468595 DOI: 10.1113/ep088620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do elevated levels of the stress-response protein NDRG2 protect against fasting and chronic disease in mouse skeletal muscle? What is the main finding and its importance? NDRG2 levels increased in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to fasting and the effects of motor neurone disease. No alleviation of the stress-related and proteasomal pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction or muscle mass loss was observed even with the addition of exogenous NDRG2 indicating that the increase in NDRG2 is a normal adaptive response. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle mass loss and dysfunction can arise from stress, which leads to enhanced protein degradation and metabolic impairment. The expression of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is induced in response to different stressors and is protective against the effects of stress in some tissues and cell types. Here, we investigated the endogenous NDRG2 response to the stress of fasting and chronic disease in mice and whether exogenous NDRG2 overexpression through adeno-associated viral (AAV) treatment ameliorated the response of skeletal muscle to these conditions. Endogenous levels of NDRG2 increased in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to 24 h fasting and with the development of the motor neurone disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in SOD1G93A transgenic mice. Despite AAV-induced overexpression and increased expression with fasting, NDRG2 was unable to protect against the activation of proteasomal and stress pathways in response to fasting. Furthermore, NDRG2 was unable to reduce muscle mass loss, mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress levels in SOD1G93A mice. Conversely, elevated NDRG2 levels did not exacerbate these stress responses. Overall, increasing NDRG2 levels might not be a useful therapeutic strategy to alleviate stress-related disease pathologies in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Mir
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anthony K May
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Victoria C Foletta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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The tumor suppressor NDRG2 cooperates with an mTORC1 inhibitor to suppress the Warburg effect in renal cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:956-966. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Guo Y, Li X, Sun X, Wang J, Yang X, Zhou X, Liu X, Liu W, Yuan J, Yao L, Li X, Shen L. Combined Aberrant Expression of NDRG2 and LDHA Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis and Mediates the Anti-tumor Effect of Gemcitabine. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1771-1786. [PMID: 31523182 PMCID: PMC6743297 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is one of the important hallmarks of cancer. The activation of oncogene and inactivation of tumor suppressor gene contribute to the enhancement of glycolytic enzymes and the Warburg effect. The N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor gene and is frequently lost in various types of cancer. However, little is known about glycolytic function and therapeutic value of NDRG2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we found that NDRG2 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were aberrantly expressed in HCC and were closely related to the Warburg effect. The correlation between NDRG2 and LDHA expression predicted HCC prognosis and the clinical response to chemotherapy. NDRG2 expression was significantly decreased while LDHA expression was increased in HCC specimens. NDRG2 and LDHA expression was significantly correlated with differentiation status, vascular invasion, and TNM stage of HCC. NDRG2 inhibited LDHA expression, the Warburg effect and the growth of HCC cells. Furthermore, NDRG2 mediated gemcitabine-induced inhibition of LDHA expression and the Warburg effect in HCC cells. Taken together, our data suggest that NDRG2 plays an important role in inhibiting the Warburg effect and the malignant growth of HCC via LDHA. NDRG2 combined with LDHA might be powerful prognostic biomarkers and targets for chemotherapy treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xi'an Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jiancai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Libo Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xia Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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Fang Y, Wang H, Dou HJ, Fan X, Fei XC, Wang L, Cheng S, Janin A, Wang L, Zhao WL. Doxorubicin-loaded dextran-based nano-carriers for highly efficient inhibition of lymphoma cell growth and synchronous reduction of cardiac toxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5673-5683. [PMID: 30288040 PMCID: PMC6161723 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiac side effects of doxorubicin (Dox) have limited its clinical application. The aim of this study was to explore new Dox-loaded dextran-based nano-carriers (NCs) in efficiently targeting tumor growth with less cardiac toxicity. Methods Inspired by recent reports that polymeric NCs could function as sustained, controlled and targeted drug delivery systems, we developed Dox-loaded NCs which displayed a 2-fold release ratio of Dox in the mimic tumor site condition (pH 5.0 with 10 mM glutathione, GSH) as much as that in systemic circulation condition (pH 7.4). Results Lymphoma cells treated with Dox-NCs had significantly higher intracellular Dox concentrations and more apoptotic induction, with lower P-gp expression, when compared with those treated with Dox alone. The identified mechanism of action, apoptosis, was triggered through survivin reduction and caspase-3 activation. Even in the Dox-resistant cells, Dox-NCs could significantly inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. In murine lymphoma xenograft models, Dox-NCs also remarkably significantly retarded tumor growth, assessed by murine weight, and demonstrated less cytotoxicity. Noticeably, apoptotic myocardial cells were decreased in the Dox-NCs-treated group, when compared with the control group, which was consistent with low intracellular Dox concentration in the cardiac cell line H9C2. Conclusion Dox-NCs showed an anti-lymphoma effect with reduced cardiac toxicity in both in vivo and in vitro models and, therefore, could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Jing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Xiao-Chun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Anne Janin
- Sino-French Research Center of Life Science and Genomics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China, ; .,Joint Research Unit 1165, Inserm, University Paris VII, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ; .,Sino-French Research Center of Life Science and Genomics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China, ;
| | - Wei-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, ; .,Sino-French Research Center of Life Science and Genomics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China, ;
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Zhang M, Liu X, Wang Q, Ru Y, Xiong X, Wu K, Yao L, Li X. NDRG2 acts as a PERK co-factor to facilitate PERK branch and ERS-induced cell death. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3670-3681. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Zunyi Medical College; China
| | - Qinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Gastroenterology; Xijing Hospital; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Libo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
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