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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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Nguyen VN, Li H. Recent Development of Lysosome-Targeted Organic Fluorescent Probes for Reactive Oxygen Species. Molecules 2023; 28:6650. [PMID: 37764426 PMCID: PMC10535290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are extremely important for various biological functions. Lysosome plays key roles in cellular metabolism and has been known as the stomach of cells. The abnormalities and malfunctioning of lysosomal function are associated with many diseases. Accordingly, the quantitative monitoring and real-time imaging of ROS in lysosomes are of great interest. In recent years, with the advancement of fluorescence imaging, fluorescent ROS probes have received considerable interest in the biomedical field. Thus far, considerable efforts have been undertaken to create synthetic fluorescent probes for sensing ROS in lysosomes; however, specific review articles on this topic are still lacking. This review provides a general introduction to fluorescence imaging technology, the sensing mechanisms of fluorescent probes, lysosomes, and design strategies for lysosome-targetable fluorescent ROS probes. In addition, the latest advancements in organic small-molecule fluorescent probes for ROS detection within lysosomes are discussed. Finally, the main challenges and future perspectives for developing effective lysosome-targetable fluorescent ROS probes for biomedical applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- School of Computer Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Haidong Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
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Niu H, Liu J, O'Connor HM, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Zhang H. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2322-2357. [PMID: 36811891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, etc.) over the last five years. In particular, we emphasise the molecular design strategies, mechanisms, and application of these probes. As such, this review aims to provide guidance and to enable researchers to develop new and improved PeT-based fluorescent probes, as well as promoting the use of PeT-based systems for sensing, imaging, and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Helen M O'Connor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony D James
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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Messina MS, Quargnali G, Chang CJ. Activity-Based Sensing for Chemistry-Enabled Biology: Illuminating Principles, Probes, and Prospects for Boronate Reagents for Studying Hydrogen Peroxide. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:548-564. [PMID: 36573097 PMCID: PMC9782337 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based sensing (ABS) offers a general approach that exploits chemical reactivity as a method for selective detection and manipulation of biological analytes. Here, we illustrate the value of this chemical platform to enable new biological discovery through a case study in the design and application of ABS reagents for studying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major type of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulates a diverse array of vital cellular signaling processes to sustain life. Specifically, we summarize advances in the use of activity-based boronate probes for the detection of H2O2 featuring high molecular selectivity over other ROS, with an emphasis on tailoring designs in chemical structure to promote new biological principles of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S. Messina
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Gianluca Quargnali
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Han X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent probes for biomolecule detection under environmental stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128527. [PMID: 35231812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent probes in visible detection has been developed over the last several decades. Biomolecules are essential in the biological processes of organisms, and their distribution and concentration are largely influenced by environmental factors. Significant advances have occurred in the applications of fluorescent probes for the detection of the dynamic localization and quantity of biomolecules during various environmental stress-induced physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we summarize representative examples of small molecule-based fluorescent probes that provide bimolecular information when the organism is under environmental stress. The discussion includes strategies for the design of smart small-molecule fluorescent probes, in addition to their applications in biomolecule imaging under environmental stresses, such as hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, hyperthermia/hypothermia, organic/inorganic chemical exposure, oxidative/reductive stress, high glucose stimulation, and drug treatment-induced toxicity. We believe that comprehensive insight into the beneficial applications of fluorescent probes in biomolecule detection under environmental stress should enable the further development and effective application of fluorescent probes in the biochemical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Present: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Saxon E, Peng X. Recent Advances in Hydrogen Peroxide Responsive Organoborons for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100366. [PMID: 34636113 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is the most stable reactive oxygen species generated endogenously, participating in numerous physiological processes and abnormal pathological conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that a higher level of H2 O2 exists in various disease conditions. Thus, H2 O2 functions as an ideal target for site-specific bioimaging and therapeutic targeting. The unique reactivity of organoborons with H2 O2 provides a method for developing chemoselective molecules for biological and biomedical applications. This review highlights the design and application of boron-derived molecules for H2 O2 detection, and the utility of boron moieties toward masking reactive compounds leading to the development of metal prochelators and prodrugs for selectively delivering an active species at the target sites with elevated H2 O2 levels. Additionally, the emergence of H2 O2 -responsive theranostic agents consisting of both therapeutic and diagnostic moieties in one integrated system are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of the role of boron-derived molecules toward biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eron Saxon
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Yang L, Liu H, Zhou T, Xu F, Xu P, Yuan L, Liang L. Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and Revelation of Its Regional Development by a H 3R Receptor-Directed Probe. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1330-1338. [PMID: 33653024 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of cerebral hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may facilitate early diagnosis of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) and a revelation of its pathological progression. In this study, we report our rational design of a brain-targeting fluorescent probe using the basis of a pyridazinone scaffold. A structure-activity relationship study reveals that PCAB is the best candidate (Ki = 15.8 nM) for a histamine H3 receptor (H3R), which is highly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. As a two-photon fluorescent probe, PCAB exhibits a fast, selective reaction toward both extra- and intracellular H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cells under oxygen glucose deprivation and resupply. In vivo fluorescent imaging of a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse confirms that PCAB is an ultrasensitive probe with potent blood-brain barrier penetration, precise brain targeting, and fast detection of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lingfei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fengrong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Wei Y, Liu Y, He Y, Wang Y. Mitochondria and lysosome-targetable fluorescent probes for hydrogen peroxide. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:908-920. [PMID: 33346307 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02440f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a key member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), has a certain regulatory effect on many physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. However, abnormal production of H2O2 can cause diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and so on. Therefore, it is important to detect changes in H2O2 at the subcellular level. In recent years, many fluorescent probes for H2O2 have been developed and used in living cells. In this review, we introduce some typical fluorescent probes for H2O2 with mitochondrial and lysosomal targeting. This review contains targeting strategies, detection mechanisms, optical characteristics and cell imaging of these probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wei
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China.
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Zhou T, Wang J, Xu J, Zheng C, Niu Y, Wang C, Xu F, Yuan L, Zhao X, Liang L, Xu P. A Smart Fluorescent Probe for NO Detection and Application in Myocardial Fibrosis Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5064-5072. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zheng DJ, Yang YS, Zhu HL. Recent progress in the development of small-molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ren Y, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Luo Y, Wang S, Yuan S, Gu Y, Xu Y, Zha X. A new lysosome-targetable fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for detection of endogenous hydrogen polysulfides in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1056:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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